TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Acrylamide(AA) can be formed in certain foods by heating, predominantly from the precursor asparagine. It is a carcinogen in animal experiments, but the relevance of dietary exposure for humans is still under debate. There is substantial evidence that glycidamide(GA), metabolically formed from AA by Cyp 2E1-mediated epoxidation, acts as ultimate mutagenic agent.  2, record 1, English, - glycidamide

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Chemical formula: C₃H₅NO₂  3, record 1, English, - glycidamide

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L’acrylamide et son métabolite, le glycidamide, réagissent spontanément avec un certain nombre de biomolécules, notamment avec l’hémoglobine.  2, record 1, French, - glycidamide

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Formule chimique : C₃H₅NO₂  3, record 1, French, - glycidamide

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A type of electrophoresis used to determine the size and composition of proteins.  4, record 2, English, - polyacrylamide%20gel%20electrophoresis

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Electrophoresis carried out in acrylamide gel, often used for the study of individual proteins in serum, particularly genetic variants and enzymes. Three gel layers are constructed, differing in composition and pore size : separation gel, spacer gel, and bottom separation gel. The actual ion separation is based on the charge and molecular size and takes place in the bottom gel layer.  5, record 2, English, - polyacrylamide%20gel%20electrophoresis

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La température de fusion d'un produit PCR (ADN double brin), c'est-à-dire la température moyenne de séparation des deux brins est fonction de sa séquence. Une mutation ponctuelle qui change donc la séquence entraîne une modification de la température de fusion. Cette modification est mise en évidence par électrophorèse sur gel de polyacrylamide en présence d'un gradient d'agent dénaturant.  1, record 2, French, - %C3%A9lectrophor%C3%A8se%20sur%20gel%20de%20polyacrylamide

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

La plus fine des méthodes de séparation par simple électrophorèse sur support. Une solution d'acrylamide forme un gel par polymérisation. Les pores ont un diamètre de 50 [angstrom] environ. Les protéines à séparer sont déposées à une extrémité du gel dans lequel elles se déplacent sous l'action du champ électrique.  3, record 2, French, - %C3%A9lectrophor%C3%A8se%20sur%20gel%20de%20polyacrylamide

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Método [...] para separar ácidos nucleicos y proteínas atendiendo a su tamaño molecular [...], se basa en la migración de moléculas cargadas eléctricamente a través de una matriz inerte (gel de poliacrilamida) como resultado de la aplicación de un campo eléctrico.  2, record 2, Spanish, - electroforesis%20en%20gel%20de%20poliacrilamida

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

PAGE por sus siglas en inglés.  3, record 2, Spanish, - electroforesis%20en%20gel%20de%20poliacrilamida

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A gel... made by cross-linking acrylamide with N'N'-methylene-bis-acrylamide.  3, record 3, English, - polyacrylamide%20gel

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Polyacrylamide gel is a very suitable support [for enzyme immobilization] because, first it is chemically inert, second, the size of its pores can be varied by changing the concentration of the monomer and, third, at sufficiently high concentrations of the gel, the size of its pores is commensurate with the sizes of enzyme globules.  4, record 3, English, - polyacrylamide%20gel

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Often referred to, incorrectly, as acrylamide gels.  3, record 3, English, - polyacrylamide%20gel

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Gel dont le réseau est constitué d'un polymère préparé à partir de deux molécules de départ : l'acrylamide, petite molécule organique se terminant par un groupe amide (-CONH₂), et le N,N-méthylène bisacrylamide, l'agent de réticulation.  2, record 3, French, - gel%20de%20polyacrylamide

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Pour la bioconversion [...], on s'oriente de plus en plus vers des enzymes isolées extraites des cellules. [...] L'enzyme est isolée par précipitation ou par purification sur résine. L'enzyme libre est immobilisée [...] dans un gel de polyacrylamide dans un réacteur et le substrat à traiter circule autour.  3, record 3, French, - gel%20de%20polyacrylamide

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Nous retrouvons dans les méthodes d'immobilisation par liaison covalente des techniques d'inclusion dans des gels de polyacrylamide, techniques dans lesquelles se surajoute l'établissement de liaisons covalentes enzyme-gels.  4, record 3, French, - gel%20de%20polyacrylamide

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[...] gel [que] se forma por la polimerización vinílica del monómero acrilamida [...] y del monómero entrecruzador N, N'-metilen-bis-acrilamida, [sirve para separar moléculas biológicas].  2, record 3, Spanish, - gel%20de%20poliacrilamida

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[A cross-linked] support material [obtained by] the copolymerization of acrylamide with suitably reactive monomers, that forms gels in both water and organic solvents, [that] can be used in a wide range of gel filtration applications and [that] offers a wide range of groups functionally active in enzyme binding.  2, record 4, English, - Enzacryl%C2%AE

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

All Enzacryl supports are highly hydrophilic in nature, exhibit low physical adsorption of proteins, have good mechanical stability and handling characteristics, and are easily activated and coupled with enzymes. Some advantages of these supports have also been partially verified.  3, record 4, English, - Enzacryl%C2%AE

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Enzacryl®: A trademark of Koch-Light Laboratories Limited.  4, record 4, English, - Enzacryl%C2%AE

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Copolymère hydrophile à base d'acrylamide et de dérivés de l'acrylamide [qui] est utilisé dans la préparation d'enzymes insolubles dans l'eau.  1, record 4, French, - Enzacryl%C2%AE

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Enzacryl® : Marque de commerce de la société Koch-Light Laboratories Limited.  2, record 4, French, - Enzacryl%C2%AE

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A chemical compound in the form of colorless, odorless crystals, used in the synthesis of dyes, paper and textile sizes, in soil conditioning agents, in adhesives, paper and textile sizes, for sewage and waste treatment, ore processing, permanent press fabrics, as a cross-linking agent, and in flocculants.  3, record 5, English, - prop%2D2%2Denamide

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

prop-2-enamide: form recommended by the IUPAC (International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry).  1, record 5, English, - prop%2D2%2Denamide

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 2 OBS

acrylamide : part of the Ingredient Disclosure List of the Hazardous Products Act(Registration SOR/88-64, 31 December, 1987).  3, record 5, English, - prop%2D2%2Denamide

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 3 OBS

Chemical formula: CH₂CHCONH₂ or CH₂--H-CO-NH₂  3, record 5, English, - prop%2D2%2Denamide

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Corps de formule CH₂=CH-CO-NH₂ correspondant à l'acide acrylique [et utilisé comme] agent de synthèse, pour les adhésifs, les tissus, les polymères et copolymères.  4, record 5, French, - prop%2D2%2D%C3%A9namide

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

prop-2-énamide : forme recommandée par l'UICPA (Union internationale de chimie pure et appliquée).  1, record 5, French, - prop%2D2%2D%C3%A9namide

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 2 OBS

acrylamide : fait partie de la Liste de divulgation des ingrédients de la Loi sur les produits dangereux (du Canada; enr. DORS s/88-64, 31 déc. 1987).  5, record 5, French, - prop%2D2%2D%C3%A9namide

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 3 OBS

Formule chimique : CH₂CHCONH₂ ou CH₂--H-CO-NH₂  5, record 5, French, - prop%2D2%2D%C3%A9namide

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Cristales incoloros e inodoros. Soluble en agua, alcohol y acetona. Insoluble en benceno y heptano. Muy tóxico por ingestión e inhalación. Fuertemente irritante.  1, record 5, Spanish, - acrilamida

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Fórmula química: CH₂CHCONH₂  2, record 5, Spanish, - acrilamida

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A network or framework, as of fibers, filaments or macromolecular chains.  2, record 6, English, - lattice

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In order to prepare efficient immobilized E. coli cells, the type and concentration of bifunctional reagent for cross-linking and the concentration of acrylamide monomer for lattice formation were investigated systematically. These studies showed that microbial cells, macromolecular enzymes and nucleic acids are not lost from the gel lattice during the enzyme reaction, but the low molecular substrate and product can pass freely through the gel lattice.  2, record 6, English, - lattice

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Structure macromoléculaire tridimensionnelle dans laquelle les chaînes sont reliées entre elles par des liaisons le plus souvent covalentes.  1, record 6, French, - r%C3%A9seau

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les enzymes sont immobilisées par diverses méthodes afin de prolonger le plus longtemps possible leur action dans le réacteur de production. Les molécules enzymatiques peuvent être retenues par adsorption ou par liaison chimique sur un support solide comme la cellulose. Elles peuvent aussi être emprisonnées dans un réseau formé par un polymère perméable, tel qu'un gel de silice. Elles peuvent enfin être enfermées dans des capsules sphériques faites de membranes de polymères semi-perméables.  2, record 6, French, - r%C3%A9seau

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

To obtain optimal resolution of proteins, a “stacking” gel is poured over the top of the “resolving” gel. The stacking gel has a lower concentration of acrylamide(larger pore size), lower pH and a different ionic content. This allows the proteins in a lane to be concentrated into a tight band before entering the running or resolving gel and produces a gel with tighter or better separated protein bands.  2, record 7, English, - stacking%20gel

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'électrophorèse a pour but d'identifier les protéines présentes dans les fractions recueillies lors de la purification. Le gel de séparation est utilisé pour séparer les protéines selon leur vitesse de migration quand elles sont soumises à un champ électrique. Le gel de concentration a pour but de concentrer les protéines avant leur migration.  2, record 7, French, - gel%20de%20concentration

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 8,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Materials, such as vegetable gums, cationic starches, potato starch, sodium aluminate, colloidal animal glue, acrylamide resin, etc., added to the papermaking process at the paper machine headbox, fan pump, or other location close to the wire. They are added in small amounts for the express purpose of maximizing the retention of fillers by altering their electrical charge or bonding.  1, record 8, English, - retention%20aids

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Pour accroître la rétention des charges, on a recours à des séquestrants (...) ou des floculants (...) : sulfate d'aluminium, polyacrylamide, polyéthylène-imine, mélamine-formol, amidon cationique, etc.  1, record 8, French, - s%C3%A9questrants

Record 8,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 9,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The gel entrapment method involves entrapping of the enzymes within the interstitial spaces of crosslinked water insoluble polymer gels.... The usual method of gel formation is to polymerize acrylamide in an aqueous solution of the soluble enzyme and a crosslinking agent such as N, N-methylenebis(acrylamide). The resulting gel block can be mechanically dispersed into particles of desired size. The broad distribution of pore size of the gel inevitably results in leakage of the entrapped enzyme even after prolonged washing whilst the generation of free radicals in the course of the reaction may affect the activity of the entrapped enzymes.  1, record 9, English, - gel%20entrapment

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 OBS

See record "entrapment".  2, record 9, English, - gel%20entrapment

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les enzymes sont en général immobilisées soit par fixation covalente sur un support membranaire, soit par utilisation d'un agent de pontage qui provoque la réticulation des molécules de protéine active ou la coréticulation de l'enzyme avec une protéine inerte. Les techniques d'inclusion dans un gel ou de confinement d'enzymes en solution sont progressivement remplacées pas les méthodes chimiques d'immobilisation. Les capteurs sont le plus souvent de type électrochimique.  1, record 9, French, - inclusion%20dans%20un%20gel

Record 9,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 10,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The most suitable gel material requires both a relatively high concentration of the monomer(acrylamide) to give mechanical rigidity and a high concentration of crosslinking reagent(N, N. methylenebisacrylamide) to achieve the highest possible yield of immobilized enzyme activity.... The trapping efficiency of polyacrylamide gels of varying composition was examined by several investigators. Degani and Miron observed that the maximum yield of activity trapping(56%) occurred with cholinesterase at a crosslinking concentration of 5% and with a total and constant monomer concentration of 15%.  1, record 10, English, - activity%20trapping

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

Record 10,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 11,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[C)(H subscript 2)(C)(H)(C)(O)(N)(H subscript 2] subscript X), A white, water-soluble high polymer based on acrylamide; used as a thickening or suspending agent in water-base formulations.  2, record 11, English, - polyacrilamide

Record 11,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 DEF

non générique des polymères et copolymères de l'acrylamide : (C) (H indice 2) (C) (H) (C) (O) (N) (H indice 2). Solubles dans l'eau; ils sont utilisés comme apprêts, épaississants, floculants, etc.  2, record 11, French, - polyacrilamide

Record 11,  Textual support,  Spanish