TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The ratio of the amount of a component adsorbed by l m² of surface area of the stationary phase to its analytical concentration in the mobile phase. This coefficient is applicable in adsorption chromatography with a well characterized adsorbent of known surface area.  1, record 1, English, - distribution%20coefficient%20Ds

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

In all cases, Ds must be read as D subscript s  2, record 1, English, - distribution%20coefficient%20Ds

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Dans tous les cas, Ds doit se lire D indice s.  2, record 1, French, - coefficient%20de%20distribution%20Ds

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

An affinity purification technique based on ’non-specific’ adsorption to an ion exchanger. Cation exchangers appear to be particularly useful for this purpose. Purification specificity is achieved using gradient elution with substrate.  1, record 2, English, - affinity%20elution

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Affinity elution is complementary to affinity chromatography in that in the former technique the specificity of interaction is at the stage of desorption from the chromatographic support material, whereas in the latter the specificity occurs at the stage of adsorption. In affinity elution the enzyme of interest(along with others) is adsorbed onto an ion exchanger... and then is eluted specifically by the appropriate substrate.  2, record 2, English, - affinity%20elution

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Technique de séparation des protéines qui est l'inverse de la chromatographie d'affinité : l'enzyme est adsorbée sur un échangeur d'ion et éluée par une solution de substrat, d'inhibiteur compétitif ou d'effecteur allostérique. Exemple : la ribonucléase, adsorbée sur phosphocellulose, est éluée par une solution de RNA.  2, record 2, French, - %C3%A9lution%20par%20un%20substrat

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Type of chromatography developed following the observation that certain proteins were unexpectedly retained on affinity gels containing hydrophobic spacer arms. This concept was extended, and families of hydrophobic adsorbents prepared using a homologous series of hydrocarbon chains of different lengths. In practice most proteins can be satisfactorily purified using C-8 or phenyl substituents. Hydrophobic interactions are strongest at high ionic strength, so adsorption to a hydrophobic matrix can be conveniently performed after a salt precipitation or ion exchange chromatography step. Elution can be effected by altering the solvent ionic strength, pH, or composition or by the use of a dielectric constant modifier such as ethanediol.  2, record 3, English, - hydrophobic%20chromatography

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

When carrying out the hydrophobic chromatography of human urokinase ..., the solution containing the crude urokinase which is prepared from human urine in the usual simple method, is adjusted to a salt concentration of 0.2 to 2 M, preferably 0.2 to 1 M. The solution is then made to flow through the hydrophobic column packed with the protein adsorbent of this process.... The pH is not critical when carrying out the hydrophobic chromatography, however, the pH is usually adjusted to pH 5.5 to 10, preferably 6 to 8.5 at which pH urokinase is stable against inactivation. Purified urokinase can be obtained by treating the effluent from the hydrophobic column in a usual method, namely by lyophilization after desalting.  3, record 3, English, - hydrophobic%20chromatography

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Certaines observations faites en chromatographie d'affinité ont montré que divers effets non spécifiques étaient attribuables à des interactions de type hydrophobe. De là est venue l'idée d'employer des chaînes carbonées fixées à un support d'agarose. On dispose maintenant de familles de composés, ne différant entre eux que par de minimes variantes de structure, mais présentant des propriétés chromatographiques intéressantes. Diverses protéines se fixent réversiblement et selon des modalités variées à ces chaînes hydrophobes : c'est donc une possibilité de séparation. Cette chromatographie "hydrophobe" est actuellement en expansion.  2, record 3, French, - chromatographie%20hydrophobe

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A thick dispersion of an adsorbent in a liquid, suitable for thin-layer chromatography or for adsorption chromatography.  2, record 4, English, - slurry

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[...] bouillie très fluide qui sera versée dans la colonne [...]  1, record 4, French, - bouillie

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 2 CONT

[...] l'étalement de la pâte sur les plaques [...]  1, record 4, French, - bouillie

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 3 CONT

[...] un mélange semi-liquide [...] est ensuite déposé sur les plaques à l'aide d'un étaleur [...]  1, record 4, French, - bouillie

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

All chromatographic systems involving passage of a mobile liquid phase over a solid adsorbent are forms of liquid-solid chromatography. These are all classified as adsorption chromatography, and include conventional column methods, dry-column chromatography, and thin layer chromatography.  2, record 5, English, - liquid%2Dsolid%20chromatography

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Chromatographie dans laquelle la phase mobile est un liquide et la phase stationnaire est un solide.  4, record 5, French, - chromatographie%20liquide%2Dsolide

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La chromatographie liquide-solide [...] présente l'avantage de disposer de phases stationnaires très stables, très élaborées et offertes à des prix abordables.  5, record 5, French, - chromatographie%20liquide%2Dsolide

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Chromatography in which the adsorptive force is provided by molecules adhering to the surface of a solid packed in a column, spread as a thin film on a glass or plastic sheet, or as a coating inside a tube; the various components move through the stationary phase at different velocities, according to their degree of attraction to it, and are deposited at specific sites on the adsorbent.  2, record 6, English, - adsorption%20chromatography

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Adsorption chromatography offers a powerful enzyme recovery technique as the relative specificity of interaction of the matrix used enables concentration and partial purification to be effected simultaneously. A number of examples exist where this method has been used very successfully in the initial recovery of extracellular enzymes on a large scale. However, most of those examples involve high cost enzymes, that is those required for research or analytical purposes.  3, record 6, English, - adsorption%20chromatography

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Type de chromatographie dont le processus élémentaire est constitué par un cycle d'adsorption-désorption; il se répète en principe de grain en grain à mesure que le fluide mobile progresse le long du solide.  3, record 6, French, - chromatographie%20par%20adsorption

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La chromatographie en phase liquide est une méthode physique dans laquelle les composants à séparer sont répartis en deux phases : une «phase stationnaire», constituée d'un lit de matériaux au travers duquel s'infiltre une «phase mobile». On distingue différents modes suivant la nature de la phase stationnaire et le processus de séparation. [...] La chromatographie d'adsorption, la chromatographie de partage, la chromatographie par échange d'ions et [la chromatographie d'affinité].  4, record 6, French, - chromatographie%20par%20adsorption

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Although real-life gas chromatography analysis is a complex process depending on numerous factors such as molecular volume, chemical and physical properties, the form of the analyzed molecules, the temperature of the process, the adsorption abilities, other properties of the matrix, etc., the separation for many compounds depends on differences in boiling points.  2, record 7, English, - gas%20chromatographic%20analysis

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 8,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A collective term including a large number of unit operations which, in one way or another, isolate the various components of mixtures. Chief among these are evaporation, distillation, drying, gas absorption, sedimentation, solvent extraction, pressure extraction, adsorption, and filtration. Specialized methods include centrifugation, electromagnetic separation(mass spectrograph), gaseous diffusion, and various types of chromatography.  2, record 8, English, - separation

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Isolement des divers composants d'un mélange par des moyens mécaniques et physiques; désigne souvent la précipitation.  2, record 8, French, - s%C3%A9paration

Record 8,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 9,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A form of gas chromatography in which the moving phase is a gas and the stationary phase is a surface-active sorbent(charcoal, silica gel, or activated alumina). The separation is achieved by adsorption of the components of a sample.  4, record 9, English, - gas%2Dsolid%20chromatography

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The physical states of the mobile and stationary phases give rise to four basic types of chromatography: gas-liquid chromatography (GLC), gas-solid chromatography (GSC), liquid - liquid chromatography (LLC), and liquid-solid chromatography (LSC). Of the four basic types of chromatography, the two gas systems are independent and not subject to subdivisions. Thus the terms "gas-liquid chromatography" and "gas-solid chromatography" adequately identify the techniques involved. The liquid systems are not as easily described and are not mutually exclusive, which can lead to considerable confusion.  5, record 9, English, - gas%2Dsolid%20chromatography

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Chromatographie en phase gazeuse dans laquelle la phase fixe est constituée par un adsorbant solide.  5, record 9, French, - chromatographie%20gaz%2Dsolide

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Dans cette définition, le premier mot spécifie la nature de la phase mobile et le second la phase stationnaire. En chromatographie gazeuse, la distinction entre gaz-solide peut paraître obscure : des liquides peuvent être employés pour modifier les phases stationnaires solides et les supports solides utilisés pour retenir les phases stationnaires liquides qui peuvent affecter le processus chromatographique. Dans un classement selon la nature des phases, le terme relatif à l'effet prédominent doit être choisi.  6, record 9, French, - chromatographie%20gaz%2Dsolide

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 2 OBS

«Chromatographie gaz-solide» a été normalisé par l'AFNOR.  7, record 9, French, - chromatographie%20gaz%2Dsolide

Record 9,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Cromatografía de gases en la que la fase estacionaria es un sólido adsorbente.  3, record 9, Spanish, - cromatograf%C3%ADa%20gas%2Ds%C3%B3lido

Record 10,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Adsorption chromatography. This form of chromatography employs an adsorbent such as silica gel or alumina as a solid stationary phase, and either a liquid mobile phase... or a gas mobile phase....  2, record 10, English, - adsorption%20chromatography

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Adsorption chromatography with Florisil, alumina, silica gel, and carbon as the adsorbents has been used extensively for cleanup of soil extracts prior to insecticidal determination.  3, record 10, English, - adsorption%20chromatography

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Séparation principalement fondée sur les différences d'affinité des composés pour la surface du solide actif sur lequel ils sont adsorbés.  2, record 10, French, - chromatographie%20d%27adsorption

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 2 DEF

[...] type de chromatographie [...] utilisé [...] pour la séparation des substances lipophiles.  3, record 10, French, - chromatographie%20d%27adsorption

Record 10,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Cromatografía basada en las diferencias entre las afinidades de adsorción de los componentes de una mezcla por la superficie de un sólido activo.  2, record 10, Spanish, - cromatograf%C3%ADa%20de%20adsorci%C3%B3n

Record 11,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The projectile’s rocket motor ... contains about 0.5 kg of aluminised rubbery HTPB (hydroxy-terminated polybutadiene) propellant set in an intricate shape to give the maximum possible burning area.  5, record 11, English, - hydroxy%2Dterminated%20polybutadiene

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 2 CONT

The liquid hydroxy-terminated polybutadiene Krasol LBH 3000 was used as a polyol for the preparation of polyurethane elastomers.... Size exclusion chromatography and liquid adsorption chromatography were used to characterise low-molecular weight hydroxy-terminated polybutadienes prepared by anionic polymerisation.  6, record 11, English, - hydroxy%2Dterminated%20polybutadiene

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 3 CONT

hydroxy terminated polybutadiene (1, 2 addition), ... hydroxy terminated polybutadiene (1, 4 addition) ...  7, record 11, English, - hydroxy%2Dterminated%20polybutadiene

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 OBS

hydroxy-: [A] chemical prefix indicating the OH group in an organic compound, such as hydroxybenzene for phenol, C₆H₅OH ... [oxy- and hydroxyl- are to be avoided in this sense.]  8, record 11, English, - hydroxy%2Dterminated%20polybutadiene

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 2 OBS

HTPB: This might be an in-house or a non-recognized abbreviation; not to be used alone, to avoid any risk of confusion.  9, record 11, English, - hydroxy%2Dterminated%20polybutadiene

Record 11,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le moteur-fusée du projectile [...] contient 500 g de polybutadiène hydroxylé, à charge d'aluminium et d'élastomères. Sa forme est étudiée pour que la surface de combustion soit aussi grande que possible.  6, record 11, French, - polybutadi%C3%A8ne%20%C3%A0%20terminaison%20hydroxy

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Liants, plastifiants, monomères et polymères, comme suit : [...] HTPB (polybutadiène terminé par un hydroxyle) ayant une fonctionnalité hydroxyle égale ou supérieure à 2,2 et inférieure ou égale à 2,4, un indice d'hydroxyle inférieur à 0,77 méq/g, et une viscosité à 30 °C inférieure à 47 poises [...]  7, record 11, French, - polybutadi%C3%A8ne%20%C3%A0%20terminaison%20hydroxy

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 OBS

HTPB; PBHT : abréviations non officielles; ne pas les utiliser seules, pour éviter tout risque de confusion.  8, record 11, French, - polybutadi%C3%A8ne%20%C3%A0%20terminaison%20hydroxy

Record 11,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 12,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Column used in gas-solid adsorption chromatography. The column material consists of an active solid(adsorbent).  2, record 12, English, - adsorption%20column

Record 12,  Textual support,  French

Record 12,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 13,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The ratio of the amount of a component per gram of the dry stationary phase to its analytical concentration in the mobile phase. This coefficient is applicable in ion-exchange and gel-permeation chromatography, where swelling occurs, and in adsorption chromatography with adsorbents of unknown surface area.  1, record 13, English, - distribution%20coefficient%20Dg

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 OBS

In all cases, Dg must be read as D subscript g.  2, record 13, English, - distribution%20coefficient%20Dg

Record 13,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Dans tous les cas, Dg doit se lire D indice g.  2, record 13, French, - coefficient%20de%20distribution%20Dg

Record 13,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 14,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Name of a sorbent used in thin layer chromatography.  1, record 14, English, - Florisil

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 2 DEF

An adsorbent used in liquid-solid adsorption chromatography, florisil is described in source below as a coprecipitate of silica and magnesia.  2, record 14, English, - Florisil

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Gouw, Guide to Modern Methods of Instrumental Analysis, 1972, p.65.  2, record 14, English, - Florisil

Record 14,  Textual support,  French

Record 14,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 15,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A major difficulty with liquid chromatography is predicting the proper phase systems to use, and in most instances these must be determined experimentally. Both liquid-liquid(partition) and liquid-solid(adsorption) processes operate on differences in solute polarities since polarity is important in determining both adsorption and solubility. Liquid-liquid partition processes are quite sensitive to small molecular-weight differences in solutes and so are preferred for the separation of members of a homologous series.  2, record 15, English, - liquid%2Dliquid%20partition

Record 15,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Selon le cas, on peut distinguer comme mécanismes fondamentaux : soit le partage entre deux phases liquides (on a alors une chromatographie de partage); soit la liaison de composés en mouvement avec la surface d'une phase stationnaire solide [...]  1, record 15, French, - partage%20entre%20deux%20phases%20liquides

Record 15,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 16,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A major difficulty with liquid chromatography is predicting the proper phase systems to use, and in most instances these must be determined experimentally. Both liquid-liquid(partition) and liquid-solid(adsorption) processes operate on differences in solute polarities since polarity is important in determining both adsorption and solubility.... Adsorption processes... are sensitive to steric effects and are preferred for the separation to similar compounds having different steric configurations.  1, record 16, English, - liquid%2Dsolid%20adsorption

Record 16,  Textual support,  French

Record 16,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 17,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The material contained in the column. In adsorption chromatography, the column material is the adsorbent itself; in partition chromatography, the column material consists of a stationary phase distributed on inert solid support or coated on the inside wall of the column.  1, record 17, English, - column%20material

Record 17,  Textual support,  French

Record 17,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 18,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Bartz and Ruhl designed a rapid scanning infrared gas chromatography unit to utilize the chromatograph's ability to separate individual components in complex mixtures and the infrared's capabilities to identify the reasonably pure eluted fractions by their specific adsorption spectra.  1, record 18, English, - rapid%20scanning%20infrared%20gas%20chromatography

Record 18,  Textual support,  French

Record 18,  Textual support,  Spanish