TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF

An augmentation system used to meet precision approach [clear air turbulence(CAT) ] I, CAT II and CAT III accuracy, integrity, continuity and availability requirements.  3, record 1, English, - local%20area%20augmentation%20system

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

local area augmentation system; LAAS: term, abbreviation and definition standardized by the Glossary for Pilots and Air Traffic Services Personnel Committee; term and abbreviation officially approved by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO).  4, record 1, English, - local%20area%20augmentation%20system

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Système de renforcement utilisé afin de répondre aux exigences en matière de précision, d’intégrité, de continuité et de disponibilité au cours d’approches de précision CAT [turbulence en air clair] I, CAT II et CAT III.  3, record 1, French, - syst%C3%A8me%20de%20renforcement%20%C3%A0%20couverture%20locale

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

système de renforcement à couverture locale; LAAS : terme, abréviation et définition normalisés par le Comité sur le Glossaire à l'intention des pilotes et du personnel des services de la circulation aérienne; terme et abréviation uniformisés par l'Organisation de l'aviation civile internationale (OACI).  4, record 1, French, - syst%C3%A8me%20de%20renforcement%20%C3%A0%20couverture%20locale

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

sistema de aumentación de área local; LAAS: término y abreviatura aceptados oficialmente por la Organización de Aviación Civil Internacional (OACI).  2, record 1, Spanish, - sistema%20de%20aumentaci%C3%B3n%20de%20%C3%A1rea%20local

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... ATC [air traffic control] advises pilots of potential wake turbulence. [The pilot in command] should also know that acknowledging a wake turbulence advisory means that [they] accept the responsibility for providing wake turbulence separation.  2, record 2, English, - wake%20turbulence%20advisory

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[…] l'ATC [contrôle de la circulation aérienne] n'applique pas l'intervalle de deux minutes dans le cas d'un aéronef léger décollant dans le sillage d'un aéronef moyen, mais émet plutôt un avertissement de turbulence de sillage au pilote de l'aéronef léger.  2, record 2, French, - avertissement%20de%20turbulence%20de%20sillage

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Jet dyeing is a process that can be used for batch dyeing operations such as dyeing, bleaching, washing and rinsing. In this process, dyeing is accomplished in a closed tubular system, basically composed of an impeller pump and a shallow dye bath. The fabric to be dyed is loosely collapsed in a form of a rope, and tied into a loop. The impeller pump supplies a jet of dye solution, propelled by water and/or air, to force the fabric to move through the tube into the shallow bath. Turbulence created by the jet aids in dye penetration and prevents the fabric from touching the walls of the tube, thus minimizing mechanical impact on the fabric.  1, record 3, English, - jet%20dyeing

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... a contoid is a sound involving audible turbulence of the current of air at one point or another in the vocal tract, or else a complete interruption of the air stream in the resonance chambers.  2, record 4, English, - contoid

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

contoïde : désignation dont le genre peut être féminin ou masculin.  2, record 4, French, - conto%C3%AFde

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A circular pattern of air current created by the movement of an airfoil through the air when the airfoil is generating lift.  4, record 5, English, - wing%2Dtip%20vortex

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

As an airfoil moves through the atmosphere in sustained flight, an area of high pressure is created beneath it and an area of low pressure is created above it. The air flowing from the high-pressure area to the low-pressure area around and about the tips of the airfoil tends to roll up into two rapidly rotating vortices, cylindrical in shape. These vortices are the predominant parts of aircraft wake turbulence and their rotational force is dependent upon the wing loading, gross weight, and speed of the generating aircraft. The vortices from medium to heavy aircraft can be of extremely high velocity and hazardous to smaller aircraft.  4, record 5, English, - wing%2Dtip%20vortex

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 2 OBS

wing-tip vortex: term and definition standardized by the Glossary for Pilots and Air Traffic Services Personnel Committee.  5, record 5, English, - wing%2Dtip%20vortex

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 3 OBS

vortex: The plural forms are "vortexes" and "vortices."  6, record 5, English, - wing%2Dtip%20vortex

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Courant d'air circulaire créé par le déplacement d'un profil générateur de portance.  5, record 5, French, - tourbillon%20en%20bout%20d%27aile

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Lorsqu'un tel profil est déplacé de façon continue dans l'atmosphère, une zone de haute pression se crée à l'intrados et une autre de basse pression se crée sur l'extrados. L'air qui circule autour des ailes, de la zone de haute pression vers celle de basse pression, a tendance à former deux tourbillons cylindriques en rotation rapide. Ces tourbillons produisent la majeure partie de la turbulence de sillage d'un aéronef. La force de rotation de ces tourbillons dépend de la charge alaire, de la masse brute et de la vitesse de l'aéronef. Les tourbillons provoqués par les aéronefs moyens et lourds peuvent être caractérisés par de très grandes vitesses et mettre en danger les aéronefs plus petits.  5, record 5, French, - tourbillon%20en%20bout%20d%27aile

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 2 OBS

tourbillon en bout d'aile; tourbillon d'extrémité d'aile : termes et définition normalisés par le Comité sur le Glossaire à l'intention des pilotes et du personnel des services de la circulation aérienne.  6, record 5, French, - tourbillon%20en%20bout%20d%27aile

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

An augmentation system using geostationary satellites to meet en-route and terminal navigation, non-precision approach and precision approach [clear air turbulence(CAT) ] I accuracy, integrity, continuity and availability requirements.  3, record 6, English, - wide%20area%20augmentation%20system

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

wide area augmentation system; WAAS: term, abbreviation and definition standardized by the Glossary for Pilots and Air Traffic Services Personnel Committee; term and abbreviation officially approved by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO).  4, record 6, English, - wide%20area%20augmentation%20system

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Système de renforcement utilisant des satellites géostationnaires afin de répondre aux exigences en matière de précision, d’intégrité, de continuité et de disponibilité lors de la navigation en route et terminale, au cours d’approches de non-précision et de précision CAT [turbulence en air clair] I.  3, record 6, French, - syst%C3%A8me%20de%20renforcement%20%C3%A0%20couverture%20%C3%A9tendue

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

système de renforcement à couverture étendue; WAAS : terme, abréviation et définition normalisés par le Comité sur le Glossaire à l'intention des pilotes et du personnel des services de la circulation aérienne; terme et abréviation uniformisés par l'Organisation de l'aviation civile internationale (OACI).  4, record 6, French, - syst%C3%A8me%20de%20renforcement%20%C3%A0%20couverture%20%C3%A9tendue

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

sistema de aumentación de área amplia; WAAS: término y abreviatura aceptados oficialmente por la Organización de Aviación Civil Internacional (OACI).  2, record 6, Spanish, - sistema%20de%20aumentaci%C3%B3n%20de%20%C3%A1rea%20amplia

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Whereas restrictive airway diseases limit lung expansion, obstructive airway diseases(e. g., brochitis, asthma) narrow air passages, create air turbulence, and increase resistance to airflow.  1, record 7, English, - restrictive%20airway%20disease

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 8,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The turbulent air behind an aircraft caused by any of the following: (a) wing-tip vortices; (b) rotor-tip vortices; (c) jet-engine thrust stream or jet blast; (d) rotor downwash; (e) prop wash.  3, record 8, English, - wake%20turbulence

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 OBS

wake turbulence; wake vortex; trail turbulence: terms officially approved by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO).  4, record 8, English, - wake%20turbulence

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 2 OBS

wake turbulence : term and definition standardized by the Glossary for Pilots and Air Traffic Services Personnel Committee.  5, record 8, English, - wake%20turbulence

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Air turbulent derrière un aéronef causé par l'un des phénomènes suivants : a) les tourbillons d'extrémité d'ailes; b) les tourbillons d'extrémité de rotor; c) le jet de poussée du turboréacteur ou le souffle réacteur; d) déflexion vers le bas du rotor; e) le souffle de l'hélice.  2, record 8, French, - turbulence%20de%20sillage

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 OBS

turbulence de sillage : terme normalisé par le Comité sur le Glossaire à l'intention des pilotes et du personnel des services de la circulation aérienne et uniformisé par l'Organisation de l'aviation civile internationale (OACI).  3, record 8, French, - turbulence%20de%20sillage

Record 8,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 OBS

estela turbulenta: término aceptado oficialmente por la Organización de Aviación Civil Internacional (OACI).  2, record 8, Spanish, - estela%20turbulenta

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 PHR

Separación por estela turbulenta.  3, record 8, Spanish, - estela%20turbulenta

Record 9,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A ... wind turbine ... designed to draw air from the high-pressure region on the upwind face of a building and exhaust it into the low-pressure region above a flat roof.  3, record 9, English, - ducted%20wind%20turbine

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[The] ducted wind turbine ... is comprised of a duct open on the front face of a building that will suck in the air, a vacuum created on the top of the building will accelerate the air, allowing a turbine in the duct to extract energy.  4, record 9, English, - ducted%20wind%20turbine

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 OBS

A ducted wind turbine... will operate efficiently over a 60° range of wind directions, with the ducting serving to dampen any turbulence in the air stream, which can be a serious problem when other buildings are in close proximity.  3, record 9, English, - ducted%20wind%20turbine

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Système comprenant une gaine tubulaire logée dans un immeuble qui prélève l'air sur le côté de ce dernier pour le transformer en énergie et pour le rejeter ensuite au sommet de l'édifice.  2, record 9, French, - %C3%A9olienne%20%C3%A0%20car%C3%A9nage%20tubulaire

Record 9,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 10,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A marker beacon used with an instrument landing system(ILS)(CAT [clear air turbulence] II) precision approach located between the middle marker and the end of the ILS runway, transmitting a radiation pattern keyed at six dots per second and indicating to the pilot, both aurally and visually, that he/she is at the designated decision height(DH), normally 100 ft above the touchdown zone elevation, on the ILS CAT II approach.  5, record 10, English, - inner%20marker

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 OBS

It also marks progress during a CAT III approach.  5, record 10, English, - inner%20marker

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 2 OBS

inner marker; IM: term and abbreviation officially approved by the International Civil Organization (ICAO).  6, record 10, English, - inner%20marker

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 3 OBS

inner marker beacon: term officially approved by the Electronics and Telecommunications Terminology Committee.  7, record 10, English, - inner%20marker

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 4 OBS

inner marker; IM; inner marker beacon: terms, abbreviation and definition standardized by the Glossary for Pilots and Air Traffic Services Personnel Committee.  7, record 10, English, - inner%20marker

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Radioborne en éventail associée au système d'atterrissage aux instruments, qui définit le point final prédéterminé au cours de l'approche finale et indique la proximité de la limite de l'aérodrome.  3, record 10, French, - radioborne%20int%C3%A9rieure

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 OBS

radioborne intérieure; IM : terme et abréviation uniformisés par le Comité d'uniformisation de la terminologie aéronautique (CUTA) - Opérations aériennes et par l'Organisation de l'aviation civile internationale (OACI).  4, record 10, French, - radioborne%20int%C3%A9rieure

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 2 OBS

radioborne intérieure : terme et définition uniformisés par le Comité d’uniformisation des termes de l’électronique et des télécommunications (CUTEL).  5, record 10, French, - radioborne%20int%C3%A9rieure

Record 10,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 OBS

radiobaliza interna; IM : término y abreviatura aceptados oficialmente por la Organización de Aviación Civil Internacional (OACI).  2, record 10, Spanish, - radiobaliza%20interna

Record 11,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A runway served by visual aids and non-visual NAVAIDs [navigation aids] that provide lateral and vertical guidance to the operating minima as specified in precision runway CAT [clear air turbulence] I, precision runway CAT II and precision runway CAT III.  1, record 11, English, - precision%20runway

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 OBS

precision runway: term and definition standardized by the Glossary for Pilots and Air Traffic Services Personnel Committee.  2, record 11, English, - precision%20runway

Record 11,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Piste desservie par des NAVAID [aides à la navigation] visuelles et non visuelles qui fournissent un guidage vertical et horizontal pour les minimums d'exploitation des pistes de précision CAT [turbulence en air clair] I, CAT II et CAT III.  1, record 11, French, - piste%20de%20pr%C3%A9cision

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 OBS

piste de précision : terme et définition normalisés par le Comité sur le Glossaire à l'intention des pilotes et du personnel des services de la circulation aérienne.  2, record 11, French, - piste%20de%20pr%C3%A9cision

Record 11,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 12,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The implementation of local area differential global positioning system(GPS) to provide early satellite navigation precision approach CAT [clear air turbulence] I capability.  1, record 12, English, - special%20Category%20I

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Standards in Radio Technical Commission for Aeronautics (RTCA) DO 217 provide for certification of the ground station, data link and airborne receiver as a total system. The total system approval is unique to a given runway.  1, record 12, English, - special%20Category%20I

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 2 OBS

special Category I; SCAT I: term, abbreviation and definition standardized by the Glossary for Pilots and Air Traffic Services Personnel Committee.  2, record 12, English, - special%20Category%20I

Record 12,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Mise en place du GPS [système de positionnement mondial] différentiel à couverture locale afin de fournir des capacités d'approche de précision CAT [turbulence en air clair] I par navigation par satellites.  1, record 12, French, - cat%C3%A9gorie%20I%20sp%C3%A9ciale

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Les normes figurant dans le document DO-217 de la Radio Technical Commission for Aeronautics portent sur la certification de la station au sol, de la liaison de données et du récepteur de bord en tant que système tout entier. L'approbation du système tout entier est spécifique à une piste donnée.  1, record 12, French, - cat%C3%A9gorie%20I%20sp%C3%A9ciale

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 2 OBS

catégorie I spéciale; SCAT I : terme, abréviation et définition normalisés par le Comité sur le Glossaire à l'intention des pilotes et du personnel des services de la circulation aérienne.  2, record 12, French, - cat%C3%A9gorie%20I%20sp%C3%A9ciale

Record 12,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 13,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

After a soft slab release, disintegration of the slab and air entrainment are very rapid and as the avalanche develops much of the mass is suspended well above ground level. As a result of the increased mean distance between snow particles in the flowing/air suspension, flow height increases, velocity increases, the avalanche assumes the form of a fluid... In some cases a large mass of the flowing snow is whirled into suspension and held above ground level by turbulence as a powder avalanche. The denser mass, comprised of large snow particles, remains closer to the ground and is called a flowing avalanche.  5, record 13, English, - flowing%20avalanche

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Most avalanches have a flowing component which consists of relatively dense snow flowing down the slope.  6, record 13, English, - flowing%20avalanche

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 PHR

Dry flowing avalanche.  6, record 13, English, - flowing%20avalanche

Record 13,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Avalanche de neige coulant au sol dans sa phase d'écoulement et qui est donc astreinte à suivre le relief.  1, record 13, French, - avalanche%20coulante

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 OBS

La majeure partie des avalanches appartiennent à cette classe d'écoulement.  1, record 13, French, - avalanche%20coulante

Record 13,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 14,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Turbulence that causes large, abrupt changes in altitude or attitude.  3, record 14, English, - severe%20turbulence

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 OBS

It usually causes large variations in indicated airspeed (IAS). Aircraft may be momentarily out of control.  3, record 14, English, - severe%20turbulence

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 2 OBS

severe turbulence : term and definition standardized by the Glossary for Pilots and Air Traffic Services Personnel Committee.  4, record 14, English, - severe%20turbulence

Record 14,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Turbulence qui produit d'importants et brusques changements d'altitude ou d'assiette.  3, record 14, French, - turbulence%20forte

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Elle produit normalement de fortes variations de la vitesse indiquée (IAS). Le pilote peut perdre momentanément la maîtrise de l'aéronef.  3, record 14, French, - turbulence%20forte

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 2 OBS

turbulence forte : terme et définition normalisés par le Comité sur le Glossaire à l'intention des pilotes et du personnel des services de la circulation aérienne; terme uniformisé par le Comité d'uniformisation de la terminologie aéronautique (CUTA) - Opérations aériennes.  4, record 14, French, - turbulence%20forte

Record 14,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 15,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Special observations made by aircraft operating on international air routes whenever(a) severe turbulence or severe icing is encountered;(b) moderate turbulence, hail or cumulonimbus clouds are encountered during transonic or supersonic flight; or(c) other meteorological conditions, for example, the other en route weather phenomena specified for SIGMET [significant meteorological information] messages, are encountered that, in the opinion of the pilot-in-command, may affect the safety or markedly affect the efficiency of other aircraft operations.  2, record 15, English, - special%20air%2Dreport

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 OBS

special air-report; ARS: term, abbreviation and definition standardized by the Glossary for Pilots and Air Traffic Services Personnel Committee; term and abbreviation officially approved by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO).  3, record 15, English, - special%20air%2Dreport

Record 15,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Observations spéciales faites par un aéronef évoluant sur des routes aériennes internationales lorsque sont rencontrées : a) des conditions de turbulence forte ou de givrage important; b) des conditions de turbulence modérée, de la grêle ou des cumulonimbus durant un vol transsonique ou supersonique; ou c) d'autres conditions météorologiques, par exemple, les autres phénomènes météorologiques spécifiés pour les messages SIGMET [renseignements météorologiques significatifs]; qui, d'après le commandant de bord, peuvent nuire à la sécurité ou nuire de façon marquée à l'efficacité des opérations d'autres aéronefs.  2, record 15, French, - compte%20rendu%20en%20vol%20sp%C3%A9cial

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 OBS

compte rendu en vol spécial; ARS : terme, abréviation et définition normalisés par le Comité sur le Glossaire à l'intention des pilotes et du personnel des services de la circulation aérienne; terme et abréviation uniformisés par l'Organisation de l'aviation civile internationale (OACI).  3, record 15, French, - compte%20rendu%20en%20vol%20sp%C3%A9cial

Record 15,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 OBS

aeronotificación especial; ARS: término y abreviatura aceptados oficialmente por la Organización de Aviación Civil Internacional (OACI).  2, record 15, Spanish, - aeronotificaci%C3%B3n%20especial

Record 16,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 CONT

There are three types of precision runway CAT III: (a) CAT III A: Operations are conducted or intended to be conducted down to a runway visual range (RVR) not less than 600 ft (no decision height (DH) being applicable). (b) CAT III B: Operations are conducted or intended to be conducted down to an RVR not less than 300 ft (no DH being applicable). (c) CAT III C: Operations are conducted or intended to be conducted with no DH and no RVR limitations.  1, record 16, English, - precision%20runway%20CAT%20III

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 OBS

CAT : clear air turbulence.  2, record 16, English, - precision%20runway%20CAT%20III

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 2 OBS

precision runway CAT III: term standardized by the Glossary for Pilots and Air Traffic Services Personnel Committee.  2, record 16, English, - precision%20runway%20CAT%20III

Record 16,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 CONT

On distingue trois types de piste de précision CAT III : a) CAT III A : destinée à l'approche avec une portée visuelle de piste (RVR) supérieure ou égale à 600 [pieds] (sans hauteur de décision (DH)). b) CAT III B : destinée à l'approche avec une RVR supérieure ou égale à 300 [pieds] (sans DH). c) CAT III C : destinée à l'approche sans DH et sans limites de RVR.  1, record 16, French, - piste%20de%20pr%C3%A9cision%20CAT%20III

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 OBS

CAT : turbulence en air clair.  2, record 16, French, - piste%20de%20pr%C3%A9cision%20CAT%20III

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 2 OBS

piste de précision CAT III : terme normalisé par le Comité sur le Glossaire à l'intention des pilotes et du personnel des services de la circulation aérienne.  2, record 16, French, - piste%20de%20pr%C3%A9cision%20CAT%20III

Record 16,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 17,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A runway adequate for instrument approach down to a decision height (DH) lower than 200 ft, but not lower than 100 ft, above height above aerodrome (HAA) or height above touchdown (HAT) and in operating visibility not less than runway visual range (RVR) 1200 ft.  1, record 17, English, - precision%20runway%20CAT%20II

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 OBS

CAT : clear air turbulence.  2, record 17, English, - precision%20runway%20CAT%20II

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 2 OBS

precision runway CAT II: term and definition standardized by the Glossary for Pilots and Air Traffic Services Personnel Committee.  2, record 17, English, - precision%20runway%20CAT%20II

Record 17,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Piste destinée à une approche aux instruments avec une hauteur de décision (DH) inférieure à 200 [pieds], mais supérieure ou égale à 100 [pieds], au-dessus de la hauteur au-dessus de l'aérodrome (HAA) ou de la hauteur au-dessus de la zone de poser (HAT) et avec une visibilité supérieure ou égale à une portée visuelle de piste (RVR) de 1200 [pieds].  1, record 17, French, - piste%20de%20pr%C3%A9cision%20CAT%20II

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 OBS

CAT : turbulence en air clair.  2, record 17, French, - piste%20de%20pr%C3%A9cision%20CAT%20II

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 2 OBS

piste de précision CAT II : terme et définition normalisés par le Comité sur le Glossaire à l'intention des pilotes et du personnel des services de la circulation aérienne.  2, record 17, French, - piste%20de%20pr%C3%A9cision%20CAT%20II

Record 17,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 18,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A runway adequate for instrument approach down to a decision height (DH) lower than 250 ft, but not lower than 200 ft, above height above aerodrome (HAA) or height above touchdown (HAT) and in operating visibility not less than 0.5 SM [statute mile] or runway visual range (RVR) 2600 ft.  1, record 18, English, - precision%20runway%20CAT%20I

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 OBS

CAT : clear air turbulence.  2, record 18, English, - precision%20runway%20CAT%20I

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 2 OBS

precision runway CAT I: term and definition standardized by the Glossary for Pilots and Air Traffic Services Personnel Committee.  2, record 18, English, - precision%20runway%20CAT%20I

Record 18,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Piste destinée à une approche aux instruments avec une hauteur de décision (DH) inférieure à 250 [pieds], mais supérieure ou égale à 200 [pieds], au-dessus de la hauteur au-dessus de l'aérodrome (HAA) ou de la hauteur au-dessus de la zone de poser (HAT) et avec une visibilité supérieure ou égale à 0,5 SM [mille terrestre] ou une portée visuelle de piste (RVR) de 2600 [pieds].  1, record 18, French, - piste%20de%20pr%C3%A9cision%20CAT%20I

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 OBS

CAT : turbulence en air clair.  2, record 18, French, - piste%20de%20pr%C3%A9cision%20CAT%20I

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 2 OBS

piste de précision CAT I : terme et définition normalisés par le Comité sur le Glossaire à l'intention des pilotes et du personnel des services de la circulation aérienne.  2, record 18, French, - piste%20de%20pr%C3%A9cision%20CAT%20I

Record 18,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 19,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Turbulence that causes changes in altitude or attitude, but in which the aircraft remains in control at all times, and that usually causes variations in indicated airspeed (IAS) ... or turbulence that causes rapid bumps or jolts without appreciable changes in aircraft altitude or attitude (this could be reported as “moderate chop”).  2, record 19, English, - moderate%20turbulence

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 OBS

moderate turbulence : term standardized by the Glossary for Pilots and Air Traffic Services Personnel Committee.  3, record 19, English, - moderate%20turbulence

Record 19,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Turbulence qui produit des changements d'altitude ou d'assiette, mais dans laquelle le pilote peut maîtriser l'aéronef en tout temps et qui produit normalement certaines variations de la vitesse indiquée (IAS) [...] ou turbulence qui produit des secousses ou soubresauts sans causer de changement appréciable à l'altitude ou à l'assiette de l'aéronef (le pilote peut alors signaler des «secousses modérées»).  2, record 19, French, - turbulence%20mod%C3%A9r%C3%A9e

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 OBS

turbulence modérée : terme normalisé par le Comité sur le Glossaire à l'intention des pilotes et du personnel des services de la circulation aérienne et uniformisé par le Comité d'uniformisation de la terminologie aéronautique (CUTA) - Opérations aériennes.  3, record 19, French, - turbulence%20mod%C3%A9r%C3%A9e

Record 19,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 20,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Turbulence that momentarily causes slight, erratic changes in altitude or attitude ... or turbulence that causes slight, rapid and somewhat rhythmic bumpiness without appreciable changes in altitude or attitude (this could be reported as “light chop”).  2, record 20, English, - light%20turbulence

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 OBS

light turbulence : term standardized by the Glossary for Pilots and Air Traffic Services Personnel Committee.  3, record 20, English, - light%20turbulence

Record 20,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Turbulence qui produit momentanément des changements d'altitude ou d'assiette faibles et irréguliers [...] ou turbulence qui produit des secousses faibles, rapides et assez régulières sans entraîner de changements importants d'altitude ou d'assiette (le pilote signale alors des «secousses légères»).  1, record 20, French, - turbulence%20l%C3%A9g%C3%A8re

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 OBS

turbulence faible : terme uniformisé par le Comité d'uniformisation de la terminologie aéronautique (CUTA) - Opérations aériennes.  3, record 20, French, - turbulence%20l%C3%A9g%C3%A8re

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 2 OBS

turbulence légère : terme normalisé par le Comité sur le Glossaire à l'intention des pilotes et du personnel des services de la circulation aérienne.  4, record 20, French, - turbulence%20l%C3%A9g%C3%A8re

Record 20,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 21,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Turbulence encountered in air where no clouds are present.  5, record 21, English, - clear%20air%20turbulence

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 OBS

This expression is commonly applied to high-level turbulence associated with wind shear (WS). CAT is often encountered in the vicinity of the jet stream.  5, record 21, English, - clear%20air%20turbulence

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 2 OBS

clear air turbulence : term standardized by BSI.  6, record 21, English, - clear%20air%20turbulence

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 3 OBS

clear air turbulence; CAT : term, abbreviation and definition standardized by the Glossary for Pilots and Air Traffic Services Personnel Committee; term and abbreviation standardized by ISO and officially approved by the International Civil Aviation Organization(ICAO).  7, record 21, English, - clear%20air%20turbulence

Record 21,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Turbulence ressentie en vol lorsqu'il n'y a pas de nuages.  9, record 21, French, - turbulence%20en%20air%20limpide

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 CONT

On observe [...] la turbulence en ciel clair, d'autant plus dangereuse pour les aéronefs qu'elle n'est annoncée par aucun signe visible et qu'elle est difficilement prévisible.  10, record 21, French, - turbulence%20en%20air%20limpide

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Cette expression est appliquée communément à la turbulence en haute altitude et est associée au cisaillement du vent (WS). On rencontre souvent ce genre de turbulence près du courant-jet.  9, record 21, French, - turbulence%20en%20air%20limpide

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 2 OBS

turbulence en air clair : terme normalisé par l'ISO.  11, record 21, French, - turbulence%20en%20air%20limpide

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 3 OBS

turbulence en air limpide : terme uniformisé par le Ministère de la défense de la France; turbulence en air limpide; turbulence en ciel clair; CAT : termes et abréviation uniformisés par le Comité d'uniformisation de la terminologie aéronautique (CUTA) - Opérations aériennes; turbulence en air limpide; turbulence en air clair; CAT : termes et abréviation uniformisés par l'Organisation de l'aviation civile internationale (OACI).  11, record 21, French, - turbulence%20en%20air%20limpide

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 4 OBS

turbulence en air limpide; turbulence en ciel clair; turbulence en air clair; CAT : termes, abréviation et définition normalisés par le Comité sur le Glossaire à l'intention des pilotes et du personnel des services de la circulation aérienne.  12, record 21, French, - turbulence%20en%20air%20limpide

Record 21,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Término aeronáutico para la turbulencia en altitud que encuentra una aeronave al volar en aire claro.  4, record 21, Spanish, - turbulencia%20en%20aire%20claro

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 OBS

La cortante del viento es una de las principales causas de la TAC.  4, record 21, Spanish, - turbulencia%20en%20aire%20claro

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 2 OBS

turbulencia en aire claro; CAT: término y abreviatura aceptados oficialmente por la Organización de Aviación Civil Internacional (OACI).  5, record 21, Spanish, - turbulencia%20en%20aire%20claro

Record 22,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[A process in which] an air stripper is used to transfer volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from a groundwater stream to an air stream which is then either treated and discharged, or simply discharged.  2, record 22, English, - cascade%20crossflow%20stripping

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Air is passed up through a number of perforated trays, while the contaminated groundwater enters the top of the air stripper and cascades down from one tray level to the next. The turbulence in the water caused by the pressurized air effects the mass transfer of VOCs. The air is supplied to the air stripper using a pressure blower.  2, record 22, English, - cascade%20crossflow%20stripping

Record 22,  Textual support,  French

Record 22,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 23,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The movement of a helicopter/VTOL [vertical take-off and landing aircraft] above the surface of an aerodrome, normally in ground effect and at a ground speed normally less than 37 km/h (20 kt [knots]). [Definition officially approved by ICAO.]  2, record 23, English, - air%2Dtaxiing

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The actual height may vary, and some helicopters may require air-taxiing above 8 m(25 ft) AGL [above ground level] to reduce ground effect turbulence or provide clearance for cargo slingloads. The term "air taxiing" is more appropriate than the term "hover taxi" which presents some difficulty... the term "hover" connotes a stationary position in the air, whereas the term "taxi" connotes movement.  2, record 23, English, - air%2Dtaxiing

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 2 OBS

air-taxiing: concept including "air taxi" and "hover taxi," two different concepts at Transport Canada.  3, record 23, English, - air%2Dtaxiing

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 3 OBS

air-taxiing: term officially approved by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO).  3, record 23, English, - air%2Dtaxiing

Record 23,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Déplacement d'un hélicoptère/ADAV [avion à décollage et atterrissage verticaux] au-dessus de la surface d'un aérodrome, normalement dans l'effet de sol et à une vitesse sol inférieure à 37 km/h (20 kt [nœuds]). [Définition uniformisée par l'OACI.]  2, record 23, French, - circulation%20en%20vol%20rasant

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 OBS

La hauteur effective peut varier et certains hélicoptères devront peut-être circuler en vol rasant à plus de 8 m (25 [pieds]) au-dessus du sol pour réduire la turbulence due à l'effet de sol ou avoir suffisamment de dégagement pour les charges à l'élingue.  2, record 23, French, - circulation%20en%20vol%20rasant

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 2 OBS

circulation en vol rasant : notion englobant les notions de circulation en vol et circulation près du sol qu'on retrouve à Transports Canada.  3, record 23, French, - circulation%20en%20vol%20rasant

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 3 OBS

circulation en vol rasant : terme uniformisé par l'Organisation de l'aviation civile internationale (OACI).  3, record 23, French, - circulation%20en%20vol%20rasant

Record 23,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Movimiento de un helicóptero o VTOL por encima de la superficie de un aeródromo, normalmente con efecto de suelo y a una velocidad respecto al suelo normalmente inferior a 37 km/h (20 kt). [Definición aceptada oficialmente por la OACI.]  1, record 23, Spanish, - rodaje%20a%C3%A9reo

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 OBS

La altura real puede variar, y algunos helicópteros habrán de efectuar el rodaje aéreo por encima de los 8 m (25 jt) sobre el nivel del suelo a fin de reducir la turbulencia debida al efecto de suelo y dejar espacio libre para las cargas por eslinga.  1, record 23, Spanish, - rodaje%20a%C3%A9reo

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 2 OBS

rodaje aéreo: término aceptado oficialmente por la Organización de Aviación Civil Internacional (OACI).  2, record 23, Spanish, - rodaje%20a%C3%A9reo

Record 24,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A theory that assumes eddy vorticity is conserved in turbulent air undergoing rapid stretching, while shear production of turbulence remains zero or unchanged.  3, record 24, English, - rapid%20distortion%20theory

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 OBS

It is used to help predict the flow of turbulent air over hills and predicts that the vertical velocity variance should increase in the outer layer of accelerated winds flowing over a hill, while longitudinal velocity variance should decrease.  3, record 24, English, - rapid%20distortion%20theory

Record 24,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La théorie de la distorsion rapide […] est un vieux concept souvent considéré comme complémentaire des approches par viscosité turbulente. L'idée de base de la distorsion rapide est de dire que dans un cisaillement les structures turbulentes interagissent moins entre elles qu'avec le cisaillement lui même. Le nom de la méthode en découle : les structures turbulentes sont déformées et dissipées (ou incorporées au cisaillement moyen) rapidement, avant de pouvoir interagir entre elles. À l'origine [cette théorie] a été introduite pour calculer l'évolution de structures turbulentes tourbillonaires dans un milieu homogène présentant en particulier un cisaillement constant. Hunt (1973) la généralisa au cas des cisaillements inhomogènes. La [théorie de la distorsion rapide] s'apparentait alors à l'équation linéarisée d'évolution d'une turbulence fluctuante (traitée comme une perturbation d'un écoulement moyen) créant par rétroaction des tensions de Reynolds modifiant l'écoulement moyen.  1, record 24, French, - %20th%C3%A9orie%20de%20la%20distorsion%20rapide

Record 24,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 25,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Motion sickness experienced while traveling by air(especially during turbulence).  1, record 25, English, - airsickness

Record 25,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[...] le stimulateur [...] a montré son efficacité clinique dans la correction des troubles et des affections du tonus musculaire de posture, [...] on note [son] efficacité pour de nombreuses indications [telles que] certains troubles de l'équilibre, le mal de mer, le mal de l'air [...]  1, record 25, French, - mal%20de%20l%27air

Record 25,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 CONT

El mareo del aire es […] para las personas que viajan en avión lo que es el mareo para las que viajan por mar […]. El mareo del aire se observa sobre todo en los viajes de alguna duración a causa de las atmósferas encerradas de las aeronaves de transporte público. Sin embargo, las personas que tienen un estómago sensible pueden también marearse en aparatos abiertos a causa de las violentas sacudidas de los remolinos.  1, record 25, Spanish, - mareo%20en%20el%20aire

Record 26,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 CONT

High level turbulence(normally above 15, 000 feet ASL(above sea level)) not associated with cumuloform clouds, including thunderstorms, should be reported as CAT(Clear Air Turbulence) preceded by the appropriate intensity, or light or moderate chop.  2, record 26, English, - high%2Dlevel%20turbulence

Record 26,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La turbulence en haute altitude pour l'aéronautique. Les massifs montagneux affectent également l'écoulement atmosphérique en altitude en générant des zones de fortes turbulences. Ces phénomènes sont sources d'inconfort et de danger potentiel pour l'aviation commerciale qui évolue entre 8 et 14 km d'altitude.  1, record 26, French, - turbulence%20en%20haute%20altitude

Record 26,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 27,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A type of biomass combustion burner in which a pile of fuel burns on the grates.  2, record 27, English, - pile%20burner

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Primary combustion air comes from above the grates, not below.  2, record 27, English, - pile%20burner

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The boilers are fed wood fuel from the main fuel bin located adjacent to the boiler house. The boilers are the "pile burner" type, which burn wood in a large pile on the floor of a refractory lined furnace box. Combustion efficiency with this type of boiler is generally low but pile burners are simple and therefore relatively inexpensive. Low combustion efficiency also means that emissions such as particulates and carbon monoxide are relatively high. One notable advantage to these systems is that high moisture content fuels can be burned as well as "dirty" fuels containing debris.  3, record 27, English, - pile%20burner

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Pile burner : Boilers incorporating a pile burning design find applications where the anticipated wood fuel has a high(up to 65%) relative moisture content, as is found in whole green tree chips, bark, and green mill residue. Grates serve to support the fuel, and underfire air flowing up through the grates provides oxygen for combustion, cools the grates, promotes turbulence in the fuel bed, and dries the fuel. The most common form of pile burning is the Dutch oven, which was used almost exclusively during the early part of the century(Guinn and Turner 1990).  4, record 27, English, - pile%20burner

Record 27,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le combustible de bois sec est mélangé à de la sciure de bois vert afin de produire un mélange de combustible qui convienne aux brûleurs de biomasse [...]  1, record 27, French, - br%C3%BBleur%20de%20biomasse

Record 27,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 28,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 CONT

New sensing technologies could improve air safety by providing advance warning of turbulence. Turbulence is one of the banes of modern air travel. The annual cost to airlines in compensation claims, aircraft damage and accident investigation has been estimated at $100 millions. A series of experiments that has just finished in Colorado could enable airliner's existing radar systems to pick up signs of convective turbulence, with just a simple software upgrade.  2, record 28, English, - sensing%20technology

Record 28,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Voir système, transformateur de détection.  2, record 28, French, - technologie%20de%20d%C3%A9tection

Record 28,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 29,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Anemometer used for measuring wind speed from the variations either in temperature or in resistance of a metal wire which is heated by an electric current and loses more heat as the wind increases.  4, record 29, English, - hot%2Dwire%20anemometer

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Hot-wire anemometer... is an important device used principally in research on air turbulence and boundary layers. There are two types, known as constant-voltage and constant-temperature. The cooling of an electrically heated fine wire placed in a gas stream which alters wire resistance depends on the fluid velocity. With the constant-voltage type, as soon as the gas starts flowing, the hot wire cools off, the voltage across a Wheatstone bridge connected to the wire is kept constant, and the calibrated galvanometer shows a reading related to the velocity.  5, record 29, English, - hot%2Dwire%20anemometer

Record 29,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Anémomètre donnant la vitesse du vent d'après les variations de température et de résistance d'un fil métallique chauffé par un courant électrique et qui perd plus de chaleur à mesure que le vent augmente.  3, record 29, French, - an%C3%A9mom%C3%A8tre%20%C3%A0%20fil%20chaud

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Dans les anémomètres à fil chaud, qui sont surtout utilisés pour mesurer les variations rapides de la vitesse du vent, un fil métallique chauffé électriquement est plus ou moins refroidi suivant la vitesse, par exemple dans un écoulement turbulent. On mesure la résistance électrique du fil, qui est fonction de sa température, donc de la vitesse du vent.  4, record 29, French, - an%C3%A9mom%C3%A8tre%20%C3%A0%20fil%20chaud

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 2 CONT

[...] les anémomètres à fil chaud étant sensibles indifféremment aux fluctuations de la vitesse de l'air et aux fluctuations de température.  5, record 29, French, - an%C3%A9mom%C3%A8tre%20%C3%A0%20fil%20chaud

Record 29,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Anemómetro para medir la velocidad del viento basado en las variaciones de temperatura y resistencia eléctrica de un filamento metálico calentado por una corriente eléctrica y que pierde más calor a medida que aumenta el viento.  1, record 29, Spanish, - anem%C3%B3metro%20de%20filamento%20caliente

Record 30,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Air mass having static stability in its lower layers; it is free from convection, has a low degree of turbulence and may have stratiform clouds or fog or no clouds.  3, record 30, English, - stable%20air%20mass

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Vertical mixing is a function of atmospheric stability. A stable airmass is characterized by poor vertical mixing; an unstable airmass is characterized by good vertical mixing.  4, record 30, English, - stable%20air%20mass

Record 30,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Masse d'air ayant la stabilité hydrostatique dans ses couches inférieures.  2, record 30, French, - masse%20d%27air%20stable

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Elle est dénuée de convection; elle a un faible degré de turbulence, et peut avoir des nuages stratiformes ou du brouillard, ou pas de nuages.  2, record 30, French, - masse%20d%27air%20stable

Record 30,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Masa de aire que tiene estabilidad estática en las capas inferiores: no hay convección, la turbulencia es débil y hay nubes estratiformes, nieblas o cielo despejado.  1, record 30, Spanish, - masa%20de%20aire%20estable

Record 31,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The relationship of positive and negative(smooth) turbulence pilot reports(PIREPs) to cloud top height and base is examined in an attempt to determine the relative frequency of turbulence in-cloud, above cloud, below cloud, and in clear air. Since PIREPs usually do not include information on whether the turbulence was encountered in or out of cloud, two different methods for determining where a PIREP was in relation to clouds are compared and presented.  2, record 31, English, - turbulence%20in%20cloud

Record 31,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les mécanismes dissipatifs [...] interviennent pour une bonne part dans la couche limite planétaire, mais également sous forme de zones sporadiques de turbulence dans les nuages convectifs, les fronts et à l'interface entre la troposphère et la stratosphère, où ils gouvernent notamment les échanges chimiques entre ces deux milieux.  2, record 31, French, - turbulence%20dans%20les%20nuages

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Les sources principales de turbulence, qu'elles soient naturelles ou artificielles, peuvent être classées en 5 catégories. Par ordre d'importance nous trouvons : 1. La turbulence d'origine mécanique; dans les couches de frottement. 2. La turbulence due aux ondes de relief. 3. La turbulence d'origine convective, dans et sous les nuages cumuliformes. 4. La turbulence artificielle créée par le sillage des avions. 5. La turbulence en ciel clair (CAT) due à l'énergie du flux moyen à haute altitude.  3, record 31, French, - turbulence%20dans%20les%20nuages

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Les gros cumulus congestus et les cumulonimbus engendrent des averses locales. Il est préférable de les éviter; ces nuages sont très denses et la turbulence peut y être sévère. Le givrage peut y être important et il est très difficile de les traverser en vol de formation.  4, record 31, French, - turbulence%20dans%20les%20nuages

Record 31,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 32,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Cloud formed below a frontal surface by turbulence in the air moistened by the frontal precipitation.  2, record 32, English, - subfrontal%20cloud

Record 32,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Nuage se formant par turbulence sous une surface frontale dans l'air humidifié par la précipitation frontale.  2, record 32, French, - nuage%20subfrontal

Record 32,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Nube formada debajo de una superficie frontal por mezcla turbulenta del aire humedecido por la precipitación frontal.  1, record 32, Spanish, - nube%20subfrontal

Record 33,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A constant-volume balloon of tetrahedral shape.  2, record 33, English, - tetroon

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The tetroon is a tetrahedral balloon used for horizontal sounding. It was developed to withstand the extremely low pressures of high-altitude flight; the straight seals joining its four triangular faces are stronger than the curved seals of the more traditionally shaped balloons. Tetroons have been used extensively in tracing low-level atmospheric currents by following their movement with radar; they have thus increased the meteorologist's understanding of atmospheric turbulence, low-level vertical motions, and air pollution dispersion.  3, record 33, English, - tetroon

Record 33,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Ballon à volume constant de forme tétraédrique.  2, record 33, French, - ballon%20t%C3%A9tra%C3%A9drique

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'Aéroclipper est un nouvel instrument de mesure conçu pour faire des mesures quasi-lagrangiennes des paramètres de l'interface océan-atmosphère. Un Aéroclipper est constitué d'un ballon tétraédrique fermé de 6 à 7 mètres d'arête, gonflé à l'hélium et stabilisé verticalement à une hauteur de 60 m par un «guiderope». La forme tétraédrique du ballon permet d'avoir un plus fort coefficient de traînée (meilleure prise au vent et donc trajectoire plus «lagrangienne») comparé à un ballon sphérique d'égal volume. De plus, ces ballons sont beaucoup plus faciles et peu coûteux à réaliser avec un matériaux permettant de minimiser les fuites d'hélium.  3, record 33, French, - ballon%20t%C3%A9tra%C3%A9drique

Record 33,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Globo de volumen constante de forma tetraédrica.  1, record 33, Spanish, - globo%20tetra%C3%A9drico

Record 34,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Turbulent, Altocumulus-type cloud formation in the lee of large mountain barriers; the air in the cloud rotates around an axis parallel to the range.  3, record 34, English, - rotor%20clouds

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In the turbulent under-laminar air layer, more or less visible roll shaped clouds(cumulus or stratocumulus) mark the different waves. When the air moisture content is high, bands of clouds which vary in thickness and length form parallel to the relief. When the air moisture content is low, they disappear completely or are limited to very mobile and short-living light clouds. These clouds are known as rotor clouds or roll clouds. Below the roll clouds, pilots will more than likely experience strong turbulence and winds opposite to the wind gradient, which can make flying generally much more interesting and perhaps hazardous.  2, record 34, English, - rotor%20clouds

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 OBS

rotor clouds; roll clouds: The plural form is preferred, since it refers more to a cloud formation than to a particular cloud alone.  4, record 34, English, - rotor%20clouds

Record 34,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Nuages en forme de rouleaux qui peuvent apparaître dans la partie supérieure des tourbillons stationnaires à axe horizontal et de grande dimension qui accompagnent parfois, dans les basses couches de l'atmosphère, les ondes sous le vent d'une montagne ou d'une chaîne de montagnes.  4, record 34, French, - nuages%20de%20tourbillon%20d%27aval

Record 34,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Formación nubosa turbulenta, de tipo Altocumulus, observada a sotavento de grandes barreras montañosas; el aire del interior de la nube alrededor de un eje paralelo a la barrera.  1, record 34, Spanish, - nubes%20de%20rotaci%C3%B3n%20a%20sotavento

Record 35,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The area of turbulence behind an object going through the air, whether a person in freefall or a canopy in flight.  3, record 35, English, - burble

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Many believe that there is a ’burble’ (low pressure area) created above the chest whilst sit flying; hence a jumper should not wear a chest mounted altimeter.  2, record 35, English, - burble

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Your instructor will ... fly down and directly under you ... you should feel the ’burble’ of air as he passes underneath.  4, record 35, English, - burble

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 3 CONT

Number one is now faced with the job of flying back over and behind the stack through its inherent burble before re-docking on the bottom.  5, record 35, English, - burble

Record 35,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 CONT

(Les) figures collectives [...] demandent une connaissance parfaite du placement individuel et des effets de masse [...] : dérapages, pertes de hauteur relative [...] sur des positions de zones dépressionnaires au dessus de camarades ou d'une formation.  1, record 35, French, - zone%20d%C3%A9pressionnaire

Record 35,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 36,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Layer adjacent to the Earth’s surface which is mixed by convection or frictionally-induced turbulence or both.  4, record 36, English, - mixed%20layer

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Mixing depth. The thickness of the atmospheric layer near the surface in which air pollutants are dispersed by turbulence. At the top of the mixing layer a barrier to the dispersion is often formed by a temperature inversion.  5, record 36, English, - mixed%20layer

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 OBS

mixed layer ... sometimes called convective mixed layer, convective boundary layer, or mixing layer in air-pollution meteorology. ... The terms mixed layer, convective mixed layer, and convective boundary layer commonly imply only the buoyantly stirred layer.  2, record 36, English, - mixed%20layer

Record 36,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Couche adjacente à la surface terrestre, mélangée par la convection ou par la turbulence due au frottement ou par leur effet combiné.  6, record 36, French, - couche%20de%20m%C3%A9lange

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[Ce modèle] se caractérise en particulier par la prise en compte non plus d'un certain nombre de couches arbitrairement désignées, mais par la caractérisation de trois couches ayant une existence physique : une couche de surface, comprise entre le sol et la couche de mélange et dans laquelle existent des phénomènes tels que dépôt sec, qui affectent le profil vertical des polluants - une couche de mélange s'étendant jusqu'à la couche d'inversion - une couche d'inversion au-dessus de la couche de mélange.  7, record 36, French, - couche%20de%20m%C3%A9lange

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Il existe aussi une notion semblable à celle de la couche de mélange en hydrologie.  8, record 36, French, - couche%20de%20m%C3%A9lange

Record 36,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Capa próxima a la superficie de la Tierra que está mezclada por convección y/o por turbulencia inducida por el rozamiento.  1, record 36, Spanish, - capa%20de%20mezcla

Record 37,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Along a loop, 8650 m long and traversing a hilly landscape, the air temperature was measured at four levels(0. 2, 1. 0, 2. 0 and 3. 0 m a g).... Sudden rises in air temperature at 2. 0 m occurred at a number of elevated locations along the loop, at a maximum rate of 3. 5°C/hour, indicative of the influence of dynamic turbulence.  2, record 37, English, - dynamic%20turbulence

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 2 CONT

In spring, dust storms take place in deserts and dry loess plateau ... These vast areas are located in the lee of the massive East Asian Mountains where a convergent airflow and a lee cyclone take place on a synoptic scale. ... In particular, a convergent flow in a lee cyclonic system enhances an upward motion, and dust produced by mechanical and dynamic turbulence can be transported to the midtroposphere ...  3, record 37, English, - dynamic%20turbulence

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 3 CONT

Dynamic turbulence in the atmospheric planetary boundary layer.  4, record 37, English, - dynamic%20turbulence

Record 37,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La turbulence dynamique provient du frottement de l'air en mouvement contre un sol présentant une certaine rugosité : accidents du relief, végétation, constructions...  2, record 37, French, - turbulence%20dynamique

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Afin de pouvoir quantifier les échanges d'ozone et de cerner l'impact de cette molécule sur le fonctionnement des couverts forestiers et agricoles, nous avons cherché à paramétrer sa vitesse de «dépôt» (i.e. absorption par des surfaces, circulation dans des pores et autres voies de transfert [...]). [...] le dépôt nocturne en conditions sèches est contrôlé par la turbulence dynamique (vitesse de frottement); pour des conditions dynamiques données, le dépôt augmente sensiblement avec l'humidité relative de l'air; si le dépôt stomatique est dominant en conditions diurnes [...]  3, record 37, French, - turbulence%20dynamique

Record 37,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 38,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Tropospheric Fading. Tropospheric turbulence and small changes in the weather are responsible for most fading at VHF and higher. Local weather conditions, such as precipitation, warm air rising over cities and the effects of lakes and rivers, can all contribute to tropospheric instabilities that affect radio propagation.  2, record 38, English, - tropospheric%20fading

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Performance impairments occur on C- and Ku band satellite communications links because of severe tropospheric fading effects when the elevation angle of the ground station is very low.  3, record 38, English, - tropospheric%20fading

Record 38,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Calcul adéquat des phénomènes entourant les ondes planes : réflexion, diffraction, réfraction, dispersion et évanouissement troposphérique.  2, record 38, French, - %C3%A9vanouissement%20troposph%C3%A9rique

Record 38,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 39,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Sudden, brief increase of the wind speed over its mean value.  4, record 39, English, - gust

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 CONT

It is a much shorter-lived feature than a "squall" and is also different in nature, being due mainly to mechanical interference with the steady flow of air; it is, therefore, a pronounced feature of airflow near the ground, especially where there are large obstructions. Other factors, notably temperature lapse rate and vertical wind shear, are important, however, in determining the existence and magnitude of gusts. Such factors may produce gusts in circumstances where mechanical interference with the flow appears to be insignificant, as in "clear-air turbulence".  5, record 39, English, - gust

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 2 CONT

With gusts to 25.  6, record 39, English, - gust

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 OBS

gust of wind: term also used in sailing.  7, record 39, English, - gust

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 2 OBS

gust: term officially approved by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO).  6, record 39, English, - gust

Record 39,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Hausse brève et soudaine de la vitesse du vent par rapport à sa valeur moyenne.  3, record 39, French, - rafale

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les rafales s'expliquent par l'instabilité verticale de la masse d'air. Elles résultent de l'irruption, au niveau du sol, de particules originaires des couches élevées, où la vitesse est très grande en raison de l'absence de frottement.  4, record 39, French, - rafale

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Les rafales [sont] matérialisées sur les anémogrammes par des pics filiformes [...]  5, record 39, French, - rafale

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Pléonasme : rafale : une rafale de vent.  2, record 39, French, - rafale

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 2 OBS

rafale : terme aussi employé [dans le domaine de] la voile.  6, record 39, French, - rafale

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 3 OBS

rafale : terme uniformisé par le Comité d'uniformisation de la terminologie aéronautique (CUTA) - Opérations aériennes et par l'Organisation de l'aviation civile internationale (OACI).  7, record 39, French, - rafale

Record 39,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Aumento breve y repentino de la velocidad del viento respecto a su valor medio.  4, record 39, Spanish, - r%C3%A1faga

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 OBS

ráfaga : término aceptado oficialmente por la Organización de Aviación Civil Internacional (OACI).  5, record 39, Spanish, - r%C3%A1faga

Record 40,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 1 CONT

During a production run the gripper carriage generates turbulence and an intensive movement of air in the direction of inspection sheet delivery...  1, record 40, English, - production%20run

Record 40,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Terme professionnel désignant les temps effectifs d'impression sur machine.  2, record 40, French, - roulage

Record 40,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 41,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 41, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A movement of air masses or atmospheric constituents from one altitude to another as a result of turbulence.  2, record 41, English, - vertical%20transfer

Record 41,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 41, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Passage d'une certaine quantité de constituants atmosphériques, poussés par des turbulences, d'une altitude à une autre.  2, record 41, French, - transfert%20vertical

Record number: 41, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Les transferts verticaux d'ozone sont particulièrement importants entre la troposphère et la stratosphère, surtout aux lieux de rupture de la tropopause.  2, record 41, French, - transfert%20vertical

Record 41,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 42,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 42, Textual support number: 1 DEF

An effect produced by the movement of masses of air with different refractive indices, which is most easily seen in the twinkling of stars.  3, record 42, English, - atmospheric%20shimmer

Record number: 42, Textual support number: 1 CONT

"The resolution of a satellite image of the earth depends on the height of the satellite's orbit and the quality of the recording equipment, "says Steve Drury, an expert on satellite imaging. "The lower the orbit and the better the equipment, the clearer and more detailed the image will be. But every image is affected by atmospheric shimmer, caused by the movement of hot and cold currents of air in the atmosphere. Because different air currents have different refractive indices, the light travelling through them is bent slightly, so the image that the satellite receives is out of focus and blurred. "The most obvious effect of atmospheric shimmer(or turbulence) that we can see from earth is the twinkling of stars. Light from stars is blurred as it passes through the earth's atmosphere.  4, record 42, English, - atmospheric%20shimmer

Record number: 42, Textual support number: 2 CONT

During the day, atmospheric boil or shimmer, causes distant objects to appear with fluctuating distortions.  2, record 42, English, - atmospheric%20shimmer

Record number: 42, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Shimmer results in blurring on remotely sensed images, and is the ultimate control over the resolution of any system.  3, record 42, English, - atmospheric%20shimmer

Record 42,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 42, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Toutefois, le scintillement, ainsi que d'autres effets atmosphériques, sont des problèmes sérieux pour les astronomes lorsqu'ils travaillent. Les images stellaires, lorsqu'elles sont vues à travers un télescope, semblent danser et être affectées par toutes sortes de distorsions, créant ainsi des images floues. Afin d'obtenir des images plus nettes, et par le fait même extraire plus d'information de leurs observations, des astronomes et des ingénieurs ont joint leurs efforts dans le but de développer des appareils innovateurs pouvant corriger les effets atmosphériques en temps réel.  1, record 42, French, - effet%20atmosph%C3%A9rique

Record number: 42, Textual support number: 2 CONT

[...] de longues fusées en forme de cigare, renflées au milieu et effilées au sommet [...] se tiennent posées sur leur trépied, prêtes à s'élancer vers le ciel. Mais cette brève vision se brouille dans le tremblotement de l'air chaud.  2, record 42, French, - effet%20atmosph%C3%A9rique

Record 42,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 43,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 43, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Successful vent design often requires skillful balancing of the vent dimensions so that the vent is big enough to avoid vent turbulence noise, small enough to fit in the box and, if the box is a bandpass design, small enough to avoid vent resonance peak problems.  1, record 43, English, - turbulence%20noise

Record number: 43, Textual support number: 2 OBS

The vent should be large enough so that the air velocity inside it never gets too high. This prevents the unwanted vent noise that results from air turbulence in and around the vent. A general rule used by many is to prevent the vent velocity from rising above 10% of the speed of sound(or about 34 m/s).  1, record 43, English, - turbulence%20noise

Record 43,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 43, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Au point de vue de la nature du bruit émis, qu'il soit de bouche ou de carcasse, l'on distingue : a) Le bruit de turbulence, dû à la mise en vitesse de l'air dans la roue et l'enveloppe du ventilateur: pour un genre de machine donné, il ne dépend guère que des caractéristiques fournies.  1, record 43, French, - bruit%20de%20turbulence

Record 43,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 44,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 44, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The use of computers on board an aircraft to adjust the flying controls in flight so that the wing flexes to accommodate turbulence in the air.  2, record 44, English, - active%20control

Record 44,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 44, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Sur un avion comme le Rafale, le système de commandes de vol électriques est étroitement lié à la configuration aérodynamique, et il est l'élément clé de ses performances dans tout le domaine de vol. Son pilotage fait appel au «contrôle actif généralisé» qui, en clair, signifie qu'il repose sur l'utilisation de trois chaînes numériques redondantes et d'une chaîne électrique analogique de secours couplée au système de navigation et d'attaque (SNA) [...]  2, record 44, French, - contr%C3%B4le%20actif

Record 44,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 45,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 45, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A fixed or adjustable device to change direction of air flow.  1, record 45, English, - deflector

Record number: 45, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Turning vanes or splitters should be used wherever 90 degree bends are encountered in the main supply and return ducts to minimize noise generated by air turbulence.  2, record 45, English, - deflector

Record number: 45, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Turning vanes may be used to direct the flow of air smoothly around a corner or a bend ....  3, record 45, English, - deflector

Record 45,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 45, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Dispositif à aubages fixes ou orientables, destiné à modifier la direction d'un flux d'air.  1, record 45, French, - d%C3%A9flecteur

Record 45,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 46,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 46, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Small-scale atmospheric turbulence is evident in the fluctuations of wind speed and direction recorded by an anemograph. Such fluctuations are greatest within the atmospheric boundary layer’ and are much influenced by the nature of the surface over which the air flows and by other factors such as the degree of static stability of the air.  3, record 46, English, - small%2Dscale%20turbulence

Record number: 46, Textual support number: 1 OBS

small-scale turbulence : term standardized by ISO.  4, record 46, English, - small%2Dscale%20turbulence

Record 46,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 46, Textual support number: 1 OBS

turbulence à petite échelle : terme normalisé par l'ISO.  2, record 46, French, - turbulence%20%C3%A0%20petite%20%C3%A9chelle

Record 46,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 47,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 47, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Using readings from an instrument-equipped plane in the air, in combination with ground-based windspeed sensors and radars, it is possible to predict turbulence solely from measurements taken on the ground.  1, record 47, English, - ground%2Dbased%20windspeed%20detector

Record 47,  Textual support,  French

Record 47,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 48,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 48, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A cloud or series of clouds that forms when sufficient moisture exists in the billow for condensation to occur.  2, record 48, English, - billow%20cloud

Record number: 48, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Billow clouds are created when different layers of wind flow at different velocities resulting in unstable turbulence between the layers. The common name for this instability is Kelvin-Helmholtz instability. Billow clouds are created in the upward branch of each of the "eddies" if the air within this branch has a high enough relative humidity that, upon lifting, the air parcel reaches saturation. Individual billow clouds generally last a few minutes. Billow clouds provide a visible signal to pilots of potentially dangerous turbulence.  3, record 48, English, - billow%20cloud

Record 48,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 48, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Nuage ou série de nuages se formant quand l'air est suffisamment humide pour que la condensation se produise dans les rouleaux.  4, record 48, French, - nuage%20en%20rouleaux