TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Despite the personal character of the feudal bond, it appears to have become the general rule in the thirteenth century that tenants could alienate by substitution without their lords’ consent. ("Megarry & Wade," 4th ed., 1975, p. 30)  1, record 1, English, - freedom%20of%20alienation

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 2 CONT

The principle of freedom of alienation eventually took hold and it was confirmed by the Statute "Quia Emptores" which permitted free alienation of land by substitution without the lord's consent.(Anger & Honsberger, 2nd ed., 1985, p. 45)  1, record 1, English, - freedom%20of%20alienation

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

liberté d'aliénation : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  1, record 1, French, - libert%C3%A9%20d%27ali%C3%A9nation

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

(S) uch a state of possession of land as makes it inalienable; whence it is said to be in a dead hand-in a hand that cannot shift away the property. It takes place upon alienation to any corporation, sole or aggregate, ecclesiastical or temporal.(Jowitt, 2nd ed., 1977, p. 1206)  1, record 2, English, - mortmain

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Historically, the word "mortmain" is derived from the Norman-French meaning a "dead hand" because, said Coke, "the lands were said to come to dead hands as to the lords, for that by alienation in mortmaine they lost wholly their escheats, and in effect their knights-services for the defence of the realms, wards, marriages, reliefs, and the like; and therefore was called a dead hand, for that a dead hand yieldeth no service. (Anger & Honsberger, 2nd ed., 1985, p. 1489)  1, record 2, English, - mortmain

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

mainmorte : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 2, French, - mainmorte

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The Statute "Quia Emptores" forbade alienation by subinfeudation and removed all restraints on alienation by substitution of an estate in fee simple that had previously existed. The statute is in force in all the common law jurisdictions of Canada.... the statute has been described as a pillar of real property law, for it still operates, whenever a person sells his land, to put the purchaser in the vendor's place.(Anger & Honsberger, 2nd ed., 1985, p. 114)  1, record 3, English, - alienation%20by%20substitution

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The alternative to subinfeudation was substitution. B might grant to C not by creating a new tenure but by letting C step into his shoes so that C became, and B ceased to be, tenant of A. (Megarry & Wade, 4th ed., 1975, p. 30  1, record 3, English, - alienation%20by%20substitution

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

aliénation par substitution : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 3, French, - ali%C3%A9nation%20par%20substitution

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Prior to("Quia Emptores") the number of subtenures had greatly increased by the process of subinfeudation. By this process a tenant, instead of alienating his land outright for a capital sum, created a new tenurial relationship between himself and another whereby the other person became his tenant of the land in return for a perpetual grant or service. The new tenant might create a further subtenure and in theory the process could go on "ad infinitum". "Quia Emptores" accomplished two important objectives. In the first place it abolished alienation by subinfeudation and secondly, it endorsed the principle of alienation by substitution.(Anger & Honsberger, 2nd ed., 1985, p. 23)  1, record 4, English, - alienation%20by%20subinfeudation

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

aliénation par sous-inféodation : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 4, French, - ali%C3%A9nation%20par%20sous%2Dinf%C3%A9odation

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Although alienation from ancestral lands began decades ago, the continued marginalization of indigenous communities—through fraudulent land registration practices and the state's implementation of the protected areassystem—has had a negative impact on their enjoyment of traditional or culturally appropriate food.  1, record 5, English, - protected%20areas%20system

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Bien que l’aliénation des terres ancestrales ait débuté il y a des décennies, la poursuite de la marginalisation des communautés autochtones – par des pratiques d’enregistrement foncier frauduleuses et l’instauration par l’État du système d’aires protégées – a empêché ces communautés de jouir d’une alimentation conforme à leurs traditions ou leur culture.  1, record 5, French, - syst%C3%A8me%20d%27aires%20prot%C3%A9g%C3%A9es

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish