TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Some crop growers have always removed crop residue for animal feed and bedding.... Crop residue removal should be done in such a way that it benefits the grower without negatively impacting the health and productivity of the soil as well as the environment.... One of [the] roles [of crop residues] is protecting the soil from wind and water erosion. Removing crop residue exposes the soil surface to erosive forces increasing the risk of soil erosion.  3, record 1, English, - crop%20residue%20removal

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les résidus de culture apportent des quantités non négligeables de matières organiques qui permettent de maintenir plusieurs fonctionnalités importantes du sol. Plusieurs études ont démontré les effets négatifs liés aux retraits des résidus de culture, notamment sur la matière organique du sol (MOS), l'activité biologique, la compaction et la structure des sols ainsi que la disponibilité des éléments nutritifs.  2, record 1, French, - retrait%20des%20r%C3%A9sidus%20de%20culture

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

El tratamiento térmico de las semillas y la eliminación de residuos de cultivos anteriores son algunas de las estrategias que los agricultores de maíz pueden emplear para evitar mayores afectaciones en sus cultivos a causa de dos especies del patógeno Fusarium.  1, record 1, Spanish, - eliminaci%C3%B3n%20de%20residuos%20de%20cultivos

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... there is a risk that advances in biotechnology will augment not only defensive measures but also offensive biological warfare agent development and allow the creation of advanced biological agents designed to target specific systems — human, animal, or crop.  2, record 2, English, - advanced%20biological%20agent

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

advanced biological agent: designation usually used in the plural.  3, record 2, English, - advanced%20biological%20agent

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Cinq attributs importants caractérisant [des] agents biologiques avancés ont été décrits : [haute] virulence associée à une spécificité élevée; [absence] de contre-mesures opportunes pour la population attaquée; [possibilité] de camoufler l'agent avec une relative facilité; [haut] degré de résistance aux forces environnementales défavorables; [et haut] degré de contrôlabilité.  1, record 2, French, - agent%20biologique%20avanc%C3%A9

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Self-catching headgates. These are easy to operate, will seldom choke your cattle when they are securely attached and allow the rapid movement of your animals with minimal risk of balking. The headgates also come with manual controls that you can use to increase their reliability. Unfortunately, self-catching headgates are not suitable for holding horned cattle since they can cause shoulder bruises on them if they lunge at them when cocked. They also at times allow the escape of an animal.  1, record 3, English, - self%2Dcatching%20headgate

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Il est presque impossible de soigner les bêtes sans utiliser de cornadis ou de cage de contention pour les immobiliser. Les quatre principaux types sont les suivants : cornadis à fermeture automatique, collier-attache de type ciseaux, cornadis à carcan (positif) et collier attache à ouverture coulissante.  3, record 3, French, - porte%20cornadis%20%C3%A0%20fermeture%20automatique

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The CSA [comparative safety assessment] is basically a two-tiered approach. The initial step comprises a thorough comparison with the closely related conventional counterpart to identify any differences that may have safety implications for the consumer. This comparison includes both phenotypic characteristics as well as a compositional analysis. The phenotypic analysis should also include comparative health parameters. The compositional analysis will focus on key substances in the animal products under scrutiny and will be subject to changes according to the latest scientific state of the art. The second step of the CSA comprises the toxicological and nutritional evaluation of the identified differences between the GM [genetically modified] animal and its conventional counterpart. As a result of this second step, additional testing may be required and can result in an iterative process in order to obtain all relevant information for the final risk characterization.  2, record 4, English, - compositional%20analysis

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The CSA is basically a two-tiered approach. The initial step comprises a thorough comparison with the closely related conventional counterpart to identify any differences that may have safety implications for the consumer. This comparison includes both phenotypic characteristics as well as a compositional analysis. The phenotypic analysis should also include comparative health parameters. The compositional analysis will focus on key substances in the animal products under scrutiny and will be subject to changes according to the latest scientific state of the art. The second step of the CSA comprises the toxicological and nutritional evaluation of the identified differences between the GM [genetically modified] animal and its conventional counterpart. As a result of this second step, additional testing may be required and can result in an iterative process in order to obtain all relevant information for the final risk characterization.  3, record 5, English, - comparative%20safety%20assessment

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The use of animal models for assessing toxicological endpoints is a major element in the risk assessment of many compounds, such as pesticides. In most cases, however, the substance to be tested is well characterized, of known purity, of no particular nutritional value, and human exposure to it is generally low.  2, record 6, English, - animal%20model

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La lipoprotéine A est constituée d'une lipoprotéine de faible densité (LDL) et d'une apolipoprotéine (ApoA) ressemblant au plasminogène. Seuls les primates possédant l'ApoA, il est difficile d'envisager un modèle animal simple de l'athérosclérose.  2, record 6, French, - mod%C3%A8le%20animal

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... an area will be identified as an equivalent risk area for a specified species of a regulated animal if an evaluation by the CFIA [Canadian Food Inspection Agency] shows that the importation of a regulated animal of that species from that area would pose only a negligible risk of any disease to which the species is susceptible, or that can be transmitted by an animal of that species, being introduced into Canada or being spread within Canada.  2, record 7, English, - equivalent%20risk%20area

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[...] une région est désignée comme une région à risque équivalent pour une espèce précise d'animal réglementé dans la mesure où une évaluation de l'ACIA [Agence canadienne d'inspection des aliments] montre que l'importation d'un animal réglementé de l'espèce en question provenant de la région en question représente un risque négligeable au regard de toute maladie à laquelle l'espèce en question est sensible, ou qui peut être transmise par un animal de l'espèce en question, introduite au Canada ou propagée au Canada.  2, record 7, French, - r%C3%A9gion%20%C3%A0%20risque%20%C3%A9quivalent

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 8,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

It is likely that animal research will lay the necessary foundation and open up ways to study genetic events occurring in human embryos made from gametes donated by parents at increased risk for transmitting such genetic diseases to their offspring. Experiments comparing mechanisms in the abnormal embryo with those in the normal embryo may yield knowledge that will lead to treatments, including in utero gene therapy. Without such knowledge, in utero gene therapy will be a shot in the dark.  1, record 8, English, - in%20utero%20gene%20therapy

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Enfin, certains espoirs reposent sur la possibilité de réaliser, encore plus précocement, des thérapies in utero à un stade d'immaturité immunologique assurant la tolérance. L'équipe de Jean-Louis Touraine de l'hôpital Édouard-Hériot à Lyon, a obtenu des résultats très encourageants en transplantant des cellules du foie fœtal - organe hématopoïétique majeur pendant la gestation - chez le jeune enfant et même chez le fœtus pendant la grossesse.  1, record 8, French, - th%C3%A9rapie%20in%20utero

Record 8,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 9,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... non-SRM [specified risk material], non-condemned products : a. salvaged for animal food; b. salvaged for medicinal purposes...  1, record 9, English, - non%2Dcondemned%20product

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[...] produits non condamnés ne contenant pas de MRS [matériel à risque spécifié]: a. récupérés pour l'alimentation animale; b. récupérés à des fins médicinales [...]  1, record 9, French, - produit%20non%20condamn%C3%A9

Record 9,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 10,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The increasing animal numbers raises concern regarding the soil absorption capacity if the additional manure is to be disposed of on land. In many European countries, a maximum allowable livestock density of 2. 4-2. 8 livestock units/ha is enforced to keep manure application within usual soil absorption capacities and reduce the risk of contamination.  2, record 10, English, - livestock%20density

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le chargement en bétail des pâturages doit être conforme au site et à la capacité de rendement du sol.  2, record 10, French, - chargement%20en%20b%C3%A9tail

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 OBS

S'exprime en unités de gros bétail par hectare à un instant donné.  3, record 10, French, - chargement%20en%20b%C3%A9tail

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 2 OBS

chargement en bétail : terme extrait du «Glossaire de l’agriculture» et reproduit avec l’autorisation de l’Organisation de coopération et de développement économiques.  4, record 10, French, - chargement%20en%20b%C3%A9tail

Record 10,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 11,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The enhanced feed ban regulations which came into force on July 12, 2007, are intended to eliminate the potential for cross-contamination by completely removing SRM [specified risk material] from animal feed, pet food and fertilizer.  1, record 11, English, - enhanced%20feed%20ban%20regulations

Record 11,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le règlement visant à renforcer l'interdiction frappant les aliments du bétail, qui entra en vigueur le 12 juillet [2007], vise à éliminer le risque de contamination croisée en retirant complètement les matières à risque spécifiées (MRS) des aliments du bétail, des aliments pour animaux domestiques et des engrais.  1, record 11, French, - r%C3%A8glement%20visant%20%C3%A0%20renforcer%20l%27interdiction%20frappant%20les%20aliments%20du%20b%C3%A9tail

Record 11,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 12,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Under the BSE [bovine spongiform encephalopathy] Program, the CFIA [Canadian Food Inspection Agency] verifies that SRM [specified risk material] is removed from the animal feed chain and the human food chain; monitors products entering and leaving Canada for adherence to Canadian standards or the standards of the importing country...  2, record 12, English, - animal%20feed%20chain

Record 12,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[...] le retrait de tous les produits d’équarrissage de la chaîne d’alimentation des animaux causerait des difficultés pour ce qui est de leur élimination d’une manière écologique.  2, record 12, French, - cha%C3%AEne%20d%27alimentation%20des%20animaux

Record 12,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 13,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Serious breach: In determining whether a breach is serious, the [funding] agency will consider the extent to which the breach jeopardizes the safety of the public or brings the conduct of research into disrepute. This determination will be based on an assessment of the nature of the breach, the level of experience of the researcher, whether there is a pattern of breaches by the researcher, and other factors as appropriate.  1, record 13, English, - serious%20breach

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Examples of serious breaches may include : recruiting human participants into a study with significant risks or harms without research ethics board approval [or] using animals in a study with significant risk or harms without animal care committee approval...  1, record 13, English, - serious%20breach

Record 13,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Lorsqu'il déterminera s'il s'agit d'un cas grave de violation, l'organisme [subventionnaire] tiendra compte de la mesure dans laquelle la violation compromet la sécurité du public ou jette le discrédit sur la conduite de la recherche. Il accomplira cet exercice en se fondant sur une évaluation de la nature de la violation, le niveau d'expérience du chercheur, s'il y a une tendance de sa part à la violation, et d'autres facteurs, s'il y a lieu.  1, record 13, French, - cas%20grave%20de%20violation

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Voici des exemples de cas graves de violation : la sollicitation de la participation d'êtres humains à une étude présentant des risques ou des inconvénients importants sans l'approbation du comité d'éthique en recherche [ou] l'utilisation d'animaux dans le cadre d'une étude présentant des risques ou des inconvénients importants sans l'approbation du comité de protection des animaux [...]  1, record 13, French, - cas%20grave%20de%20violation

Record 13,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 14,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Both evolutionists and economists argue that individuals do things for the larger group only if it is also for the good of the individual. Animals rarely do selfless things for their species. And people rarely do selfless things for the good of society. But even desiccated economists had noticed the "voter paradox. "People vote in elections despite the fact that no individual can expect to influence the outcome. People give to charity. Executives work long hours on behalf of their firms. Travellers tip waiters they will never see again. Soldiers willingly risk their lives for their country. Trust, cooperation and altruism are all part of human life. They are also part of animal life. The question is how do you reconcile altruism with the invisible hand and survival of the fittest?  1, record 14, English, - voter%20paradox

Record 14,  Textual support,  French

Record 14,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 15,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Health Status : Knowledge about the presence or absence of specific pathogens in a [farm animal] population... Normally a "high" health status implies the absence of specifics pathogens, whereas a "low" health status implies the presence of specific pathogens and risk of disease.  3, record 15, English, - high%2Dhealth%20farming%20business

Record 15,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Statut sanitaire : Connaissance de la présence ou de l’absence d’agents pathogènes précis au sein d’une population [d'animal d'élevage]; habituellement, un statut sanitaire «élevé» signifie l’absence d’agents pathogènes spécifiques, alors qu’un statut sanitaire «faible» correspond à la présence d’agents pathogènes spécifiques et de risques de maladie.  2, record 15, French, - %C3%A9levage%20au%20statut%20sanitaire%20%C3%A9lev%C3%A9

Record 15,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 16,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Considering the emergence of new lyssaviruses and changes in animal and human rabies epidemiology observed on different continents, the definition of a rabies-free country or area has been revised to assist public health authorities in better assessing the risk of human rabies resulting from contact with animals.  2, record 16, English, - rabies%2Dfree%20country

Record 16,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les chiens peuvent entrer au Canada sans leur propriétaire s'ils sont accompagnés : d'un certificat vétérinaire conforme aux exigences mentionnées ci-dessus qui atteste que le chien provient d'un pays exempt de la rage [...]  1, record 16, French, - pays%20exempt%20de%20la%20rage

Record 16,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 17,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A transmissible disease that is believed to be absent or not native to Canada and that must be immediately reported to a district veterinarian from the Canadian Food Inspection Agency because it constitutes a biological threat to livestock, poultry and wildlife.  2, record 17, English, - foreign%20animal%20disease

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 OBS

A foreign animal disease can be introduced accidentally or intentionally in many ways, such as through live animals, animal products and by-products, inanimatecontaminated items, other vectors(insects, rodents, etc.) and people. Each diseasepresents substantial risk to animal and human health.  2, record 17, English, - foreign%20animal%20disease

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 2 OBS

foreign animal disease; FAD: term, abbreviation and definition standardized by the Canadian Capability-Based Planning Terminology Committee and the Translation Bureau.  3, record 17, English, - foreign%20animal%20disease

Record 17,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Maladie transmissible qui, étant considérée comme inexistante ou étrangère au Canada, doit être immédiatement signalée au vétérinaire de district de l'Agence canadienne d'inspection des aliments puisqu'elle constitue une menace biologique pour le bétail, la volaille et la faune.  2, record 17, French, - maladie%20animale%20exotique

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Une maladie animale exotique peut être introduite accidentellement ou intentionnellement au pays de diverses façons, notamment par l'intermédiaire d'animaux vivants, de produits ou de sous-produits animaux, d'objets inanimés contaminés, d'autres vecteurs (insectes, rongeurs, etc.) et d'êtres humains. Chaquemaladie présente des risques importants pour la santé animale et humaine.  2, record 17, French, - maladie%20animale%20exotique

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 2 OBS

maladie animale exotique; MAE : terme, abréviation et définition normalisés par le Comité de terminologie de la planification axée sur les capacités au Canada et le Bureau de la traduction.  3, record 17, French, - maladie%20animale%20exotique

Record 17,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 18,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The process of identifying, selecting and implementing appropriate biosecurity and control measures to minimize risks to animal health.  1, record 18, English, - animal%20health%20risk%20management

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 OBS

animal health risk management : term and definition standardized by the Canadian Capability-Based Planning Terminology Committee and the Translation Bureau.  2, record 18, English, - animal%20health%20risk%20management

Record 18,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Processus qui consiste à déterminer, à sélectionner et à mettre en œuvre les mesures appropriées de biosécurité et de lutte en vue de réduire au minimum le niveau de risque en santé animale.  1, record 18, French, - gestion%20des%20risques%20zoosanitaires

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 OBS

gestion des risques zoosanitaires; gestion des risques en santé animale : termes et définition normalisés par le Comité de terminologie de la planification axée sur les capacités au Canada et le Bureau de la traduction.  2, record 18, French, - gestion%20des%20risques%20zoosanitaires

Record 18,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 19,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The rabies antibody test is indicated for individuals who because of high risk exposure to possibly rabid animals have been previously immunized against the virus. This population typically includes veterinarians, animal control officers, laboratory personnel and other workers who come in frequent contact with potentially rabid animals. The result of this test will determine if an individual has had a successful sero-conversion after immunization.  1, record 19, English, - rabies%20antibody%20test

Record 19,  Textual support,  French

Record 19,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 20,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[A] strongly built ... cage for holding cattle, horses, or other livestock safely while they are examined, marked, or given veterinary treatment.  4, record 20, English, - cattle%20squeeze%20crush

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The overall purpose of a crush is to hold an animal still in order to minimize the risk of injury to both the animal itself and the operator whilst work on the animal is performed.  4, record 20, English, - cattle%20squeeze%20crush

Record 20,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Bâti, généralement métallique, immobilisant un animal [que l'on veut marquer, examiner ou] auquel on veut apporter des soins.  3, record 20, French, - cage%20de%20contention

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Selon le modèle de cage, il est possible de procéder à différentes opérations : écornage, castration, injection de médicament, prise de sang, pose d’implants ou d’un numéro sur les oreilles, insémination, taille des sabots, pesée de l’animal ou même, de pratiquer une césarienne. Malheureusement, tous les modèles de cages n’offrent pas toutes ces possibilités.  4, record 20, French, - cage%20de%20contention

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Version moderne de l'ancien «travail», la cage [est] surtout utilisée pour la contention des bovins[.]  3, record 20, French, - cage%20de%20contention

Record 20,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 CONT

El brete de contención o cepo es un equipo proyectado especialmente para contener e inmovilizar bovinos, de forma individual, para facilitación de los diversos tratos zootécnicos y veterinarios de manejo, como marcación, castración, colecta de sangre, vacunación, aplicación de medicamentos, inseminación artificial, verificación de preñez, transferencia de embriones, tratamiento de pezuña, exámenes clínicos, medición de perímetro escrotal, aplicación de caravanas y otros servicios  2, record 20, Spanish, - brete%20de%20contenci%C3%B3n

Record 21,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Medical experiments performed on human beings.  2, record 21, English, - human%20experimentation

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Human experimentation is an important part of medical research, and many people volunteer for clinical trials of medical treatments.  2, record 21, English, - human%20experimentation

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 OBS

There is always uncertainty about moving from animal to human experimentation or therapy. But in the usual case, what justifies the assumption of this added unknown risk is that the experimental subject is a likely beneficiary of the research, either directly or indirectly.  3, record 21, English, - human%20experimentation

Record 21,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'expérimentation humaine [permet] d'évaluer l'utilité thérapeutique réelle d'une méthode mise au point chez l'animal.  2, record 21, French, - exp%C3%A9rimentation%20humaine

Record 21,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Investigaciones y ensayos médicos sobre hombres y mujeres a fin de prevenir, diagnosticar y tratar las enfermedades.  3, record 21, Spanish, - experimentaci%C3%B3n%20humana

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 CONT

El avance en Medicina está fundado en la investigación y por ello no puede prescindir, en muchos casos, de la experimentación sobre seres humanos [...]. El médico está obligado a mantener una clara distinción entre los procedimientos en fase de ensayo y los que ya han sido aceptados como válidos para la práctica concreta de la medicina del momento. El ensayo clínico de nuevos procedimientos no privará al paciente de recibir un tratamiento válido.  2, record 21, Spanish, - experimentaci%C3%B3n%20humana

Record 22,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Where the physical properties of a control product are such that the presence of the control product may be recognized when it is used and is likely to expose a person or domestic animal to a severe health risk, the control product shall be denatured by means of colour, odour or such other means as the Minister may approve to provide a signal or warning as to its presence.  2, record 22, English, - denature

Record 22,  Textual support,  French

Record 22,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 23,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Laboratory for Foodborne Zoonoses-Public Health Agency of Canada. The Population and Agro-Environmental Risk Factor Determinants Section conducts population-based research addressing the risk factors associated with food animal production, the environment, and host-pathogen interactions that influence the emergence, maintenance and transmission of pathogens from animals to humans, in order to enhance confidence in decision making on the human health risks, associated with zoonotic microorganisms.  1, record 23, English, - Population%20and%20Agro%2DEnvironmental%20Risk%20Factor%20Determinants%20Section

Record 23,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Laboratoire de lutte contre les zoonoses d'origine alimentaire, Agence de santé publique du Canada. La Section des déterminants des facteurs de risque liés à la population et à l'agroenvironnement effectue de la recherche axée sur la population qui traite des facteurs de risque associés à la production d'aliments d'origine animale, à l'environnement et aux interactions hôte-pathogène qui influent sur l'émergence, la phase d'entretien et la transmission des pathogènes entre animaux et humains. Ainsi, elle permet d'accroître la fiabilité de la prise de décisions en ce qui concerne les risques pour la santé humaine associés aux microorganismes zoonotiques.  1, record 23, French, - Section%20des%20d%C3%A9terminants%20des%20facteurs%20de%20risque%20li%C3%A9s%20%C3%A0%20la%20population%20et%20%C3%A0%20l%27agroenvironnement

Record 23,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 24,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Laboratory for Foodborne Zoonoses, Public Health Agency of Canada. The Health Risk Modelling Section develops models, modelling tools and interpretation that improve understanding of the human/animal/microbe interface. The unit provides risk assessments, maintains extensive databases, collects and disseminates information on a variety of microbial food safety issues. The information gathered by the unit and through collaboration with several domestic, international and overseas agencies is used to report on food safety issues, to develop models and to refine quantitative and qualitative risk assessments. Reports and information provided by the Unit are used to identify research needs and potential interventions that may reduce enteric disease in humans and animals.  1, record 24, English, - Health%20Risk%20Modelling%20Section

Record 24,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Laboratoire de lutte contre les zoonoses d'origine alimentaire, Agence de santé publique du Canada. La Section d'établissement de modèles des risques pour la santé élabore des modèles et des outils de modélisation, et assure un service d'interprétation afin de permettre de mieux comprendre l'interface humain-animal-microbe. La section fournit des évaluations des risques, tient à jour de vastes bases de données, et recueille et diffuse de l'information sur diverses questions liées à la salubrité des aliments. L'information recueillie par la section, en collaboration avec des organismes nationaux, internationaux et étrangers, est utilisée pour produire des rapports sur les questions liées à la salubrité des aliments, pour élaborer des modèles et pour améliorer les évaluations des risques quantitatives et qualitatives. Les rapports et les renseignements fournis par la section servent à cerner les besoins en matière de recherche et les interventions possibles qui permettraient de réduire l'incidence des maladies entériques chez les humains et les animaux.  1, record 24, French, - Section%20sur%20la%20r%C3%A9sistance%20aux%20antimicrobiens%20en%20agroalimentaire%20et%20en%20aquaculture%20et%20son%20impact%20sur%20la%20sant%C3%A9%20humaine

Record 24,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 25,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Reference Concentration(RfC) : The RfC is an estimate(with uncertainty spanning perhaps an order of magnitude) of a continuous inhalation exposure to the human population(including sensitive subgroups which include children, asthmatics and the elderly) that is likely to be without an appreciable risk of deleterious effects during a lifetime. It can be derived from various types of human or animal data, with uncertainty factors generally applied to reflect limitations of the data used.  2, record 25, English, - reference%20concentration

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 2 CONT

... interim criteria adopted for assessing the quality of sediment in the St.Lawrence River. Three levels were defined: -No effect level (reference concentration, no chronic or acute effects); -Minimal effect level ... -Toxic effect level ...  5, record 25, English, - reference%20concentration

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 PHR

Risk-based reference concentration, short-term reference concentration.  6, record 25, English, - reference%20concentration

Record 25,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 CONT

On peut considérer qu'il existe un cour de doctrine accepté par toute la communauté scientifique et qui s'exprime notamment dans les lignes directrices de l'US EPA [United States Environmental Protection Agency] et le Guide technique de l'Union européenne. On considère [qu'il] existe un seuil d'effet pour les effets de type systémique. Ce seuil, appelé «dose de référence (DRf)» ou «concentration de référence (CRf)», est calculé en appliquant à la DSENO (dose sans effet nocif observé) déterminée par expérimentation animale des facteurs de sécurité.  2, record 25, French, - concentration%20de%20r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Les critères intérimaires pour l'évaluation de la qualité des sédiments retenus pour le fleuve Saint-Laurent [...] sont regroupés en trois niveaux : · Seuil sans effet (SSE) : teneur de base, sans effets chroniques ou aigus; · Seuil d'effets mineurs (SEM) [...] · Seuil d'effets néfastes (SEN) [...]  4, record 25, French, - concentration%20de%20r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Il existe une nuance entre «teneur» et «concentration». «Teneur» désigne la quantité de matière contenue dans un corps, par exemple : teneur en or d'un minerai, alors que «concentration» désigne la proportion d'un composant dans une solution, un mélange, par exemple : concentration en masse, en volume, concentration forte, faible. Dans ce contexte le terme «teneur» est à éviter.  5, record 25, French, - concentration%20de%20r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 PHR

Concentration de référence basée sur les risques.  5, record 25, French, - concentration%20de%20r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence

Record 25,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 26,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 OBS

In 1994 FAO established an Emergency Prevention System(EMPRES) for Transboundary Animal and Plant Pests and Diseases in order to minimize the risk of such emergencies developing. Initial priority was given to two transboundary pest and disease problems.  1, record 26, English, - Emergency%20Prevention%20System%20for%20Transboundary%20Animal%20and%20Plant%20Pests%20and%20Diseases

Record 26,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 OBS

En 1994, la FAO a établi le Programme de prévention des urgences pour les ravageurs et les maladies transfrontières des animaux et des plantes (EMPRES) pour diminuer le risque de développement de telles urgences. La première priorité a été donnée à deux problèmes de ravageurs et de maladies transfrontières.  1, record 26, French, - Syst%C3%A8me%20de%20pr%C3%A9vention%20des%20urgences%20pour%20les%20ravageurs%20et%20les%20maladies%20transfronti%C3%A8res%20des%20animaux%20et%20des%20plantes

Record 26,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 OBS

el año 1994 FAO establece el Sistema de Prevención de Emergencias (siglas en Ingles, EMPRES) para enfermedades de animales y plantas, capaces de migrar o expandir a través de fronteras, con el cometido de disminuir el riesgo de desarrollar dichas emergencias. La prioridad inicial fue dada a dos grupos de enfermedades y plagas capaces de atravesar fronteras.  1, record 26, Spanish, - Sistema%20de%20Prevenci%C3%B3n%20de%20Emergencias%20para%20enfermedades%20de%20animales%20y%20plantas

Record 27,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The "Animal Health and Production Risk Analysis Framework" represents the protocol of the Animal Health and Production Division and the animal health component of APFRAN [Animal, Plant and Food Risk Analysis Network] for conducting risk analyses and disease status evaluations.  1, record 27, English, - Animal%20Health%20and%20Production%20Risk%20Analysis%20Framework

Record 27,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Le «Cadre d'analyse des risques de la santé des animaux et de l'élevage» constitue le protocole suivi par la Division de la santé des animaux et de l'élevage et la composante zoosanitaire du GARZPA [Groupe d'analyse des risques zoosanitaires, phytosanitaires et alimentaires] qui sert à conduire les analyses des risques et les évaluations du statut sanitaire.  1, record 27, French, - Cadre%20d%27analyse%20des%20risques%20de%20la%20sant%C3%A9%20des%20animaux%20et%20de%20l%27%C3%A9levage

Record 27,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 28,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Principles of Organic Aquaculture. "Even though we don’t have standards, "says Dolinski, "we can assume the same principles used for organic livestock production will apply for aquatic animal production". The water will have to be clean and free of contaminants. It is very likely the water will have to be more strictly monitored than other types of organic production. Residue analysis may be required on a regular basis. The production area will have to be surrounded by a barrier zone to prevent contamination. If there is risk from spray drift for example, a buffer zone will be required depending on your location. The fish will have to be fed organically certified food supplements. The only useable fish medications would be identified on a permitted list, if there are any approved at all. The fish would have to be reared so they could behave "naturally"...  2, record 28, English, - organic%20aquaculture

Record 28,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Avec d'autres réseaux de l'enseignement agricole (agriculture biologique, développement durable...) une réflexion est menée sur l'aquaculture biologique.  1, record 28, French, - aquaculture%20biologique

Record 28,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 29,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Formerly within the Animal Health Division, Unit of the new Animal and Plant Health Risk Assessment Network(APHRAN), Animal and Plant Health Directorate of Agriculture Canada.  2, record 29, English, - Animal%20Health%20Risk%20Assessment

Record 29,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Service qui faisait auparavant partie de la Division de la santé des animaux et qui fait maintenant partie du nouveau Réseau d'évaluation des risques phytosanitaires et zoosanitaires (RERPZ), Direction de l'hygiène vétérinaire et de la défense des végétaux d'Agriculture Canada.  2, record 29, French, - %C3%89valuation%20des%20risques%20zoosanitaires

Record 29,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 30,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The sediment can thus pose a risk for the environment to the extent that the contaminants associated with it are bioavailable and can be assimilated by aquatic plants or organisms either directly by ingestion of supernatant or interstitial water or plant uptake; through direct contact of water or sediment with plant roots or animal respiratory surfaces or skin; or through passage of sediment into the intestinal tracts of filter feeders or decomposers.  1, record 30, English, - bioavailable

Record 30,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les sédiments peuvent donc présenter un risque pour l'environnement dans la mesure où les contaminants qu'ils renferment sont biodisponibles et peuvent être assimilés par les plantes ou les organismes aquatiques soit directement à partir de l'eau surnageante ou interstitielle ingérée ou prise en charge par les plantes, soit par contact direct de l'eau ou des sédiments avec les racines des plantes ou les surfaces respiratoires ou épidermiques des animaux ou encore soit lors du passage des sédiments dans le tractus intestinal des animaux filtreurs ou décomposeurs.  1, record 30, French, - biodisponible

Record 30,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 31,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The sediment can thus pose a risk for the environment to the extent that the contaminants associated with it are bioavailable and can be assimilated by aquatic plants or organisms either directly by ingestion of supernatant or interstitial water or plant uptake; through direct contact of water or sediment with plant roots or animal respiratory surfaces or skin; or through passage of sediment into the intestinal tracts of filter feeders or decomposers.  1, record 31, English, - respiratory%20surface

Record 31,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les sédiments peuvent donc présenter un risque pour l'environnement dans la mesure où les contaminants qu'ils renferment sont biodisponibles et peuvent être assimilés par les plantes ou les organismes aquatiques soit directement à partir de l'eau surnageante ou interstitielle ingérée ou prise en charge par les plantes, soit par contact direct de l'eau ou des sédiments avec les racines des plantes ou les surfaces respiratoires ou épidermiques des animaux ou encore soit lors du passage des sédiments dans le tractus intestinal des animaux filtreurs ou décomposeurs.  1, record 31, French, - surface%20respiratoire

Record 31,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 32,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The sediment can thus pose a risk for the environment to the extent that the contaminants associated with it are bioavailable and can be assimilated by aquatic plants or organisms either directly by ingestion of supernatant or interstitial water or plant uptake; through direct contact of water or sediment with plant roots or animal respiratory surfaces or skin; or through passage of sediment into the intestinal tracts of filter feeders or decomposers.  1, record 32, English, - skin

Record 32,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les sédiments peuvent donc présenter un risque pour l'environnement dans la mesure où les contaminants qu'ils renferment sont biodisponibles et peuvent être assimilés par les plantes ou les organismes aquatiques soit directement à partir de l'eau surnageante ou interstitielle ingérée ou prise en charge par les plantes, soit par contact direct de l'eau ou des sédiments avec les racines des plantes ou les surfaces respiratoires ou épidermiques des animaux ou encore soit lors du passage des sédiments dans le tractus intestinal des animaux filtreurs ou décomposeurs.  1, record 32, French, - surface%20%C3%A9pidermique

Record 32,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 33,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Unit of the Animal and Plant Health Risk Assessment Network(APHRAN), Animal and Plant Health Directorate of Agriculture Canada.  1, record 33, English, - Food%20Safety%20Risk%20Assessment

Record 33,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Fait partie du Réseau d'évaluation des risques phytosanitaires et zoosanitaires (RERPZ), Direction de l'hygiène vétérinaire et de la défense des végétaux d'Agriculture Canada.  1, record 33, French, - %C3%89valuation%20des%20risques%20relatifs%20%C3%A0%20la%20salubrit%C3%A9%20des%20aliments

Record 33,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 34,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Conducts risk assessments in support of Animal Health, Plant Protection and Agri-Food Safety programs. Consists of three unit : Plant Health Risk Assessment(PHRA), Food Safety Risk Assessment(FSRA) and Animal Health Risk Assessment(AHRA).  1, record 34, English, - Animal%20and%20Plant%20Health%20Risk%20Assessment%20Network

Record 34,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Le RERPZ mène des évaluations des risques pour le compte des programmes de santé des animaux, de protection des végétaux et de salubrité agroalimentaire. Il comprend trois services : Évaluation des risques phytosanitaires (ERP), Évaluation des risques relatifs à la salubrité des aliments (ERRSA) et Évaluation des risques zoosanitaires (ERZ).  1, record 34, French, - R%C3%A9seau%20d%27%C3%A9valuation%20des%20risques%20phytosanitaires%20et%20zoosanitaires

Record 34,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 35,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Unit of the Animal and Plant Health Risk Assessment Network(APHRAN), Animal and Plant Health Directorate of Agriculture Canada.  1, record 35, English, - Plant%20Health%20Risk%20Assessment

Record 35,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Fait partie du Réseau d'évaluation des risques phytosanitaires et zoosanitaires (RERPZ), Direction de l'hygiène vétérinaire et de la défense des végétaux d'Agriculture Canada.  1, record 35, French, - %C3%89valuation%20des%20risques%20phytosanitaires

Record 35,  Textual support,  Spanish