TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

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Nipah virus(NiV) is a zoonotic virus, meaning that it can spread between animals and people. Fruit bats, also called flying foxes, are the animal reservoir for NiV in nature. Nipah virus is also known to cause illness in pigs and people. Infection with NiV is associated with encephalitis(swelling of the brain) and can cause mild to severe illness and even death.  2, record 1, English, - Nipah%20virus

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

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Le virus Nipah, génétiquement proche du virus Hendra, a été identifié en 1999 en Malaisie.  3, record 1, French, - virus%20Nipah

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Animal cells in which DNA virus replication aborts. In a small percentage of cases, the DNA virus instead transforms cells into their cancerous equivalents. In such neoplastic transformation, one or more of the viral genes becomes integrated into the genome of the host cell.  2, record 2, English, - nonpermissive%20cell

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

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Cellule dans laquelle la croissance virale n'a pas lieu. Une lignée cellulaire permissive provient, en général, d'un animal chez lequel un virus donné se reproduit normalement. En revanche, les lignées non permissives proviennent en général d'animaux incapables d'assurer la multiplication d'un virus donné. Ainsi, selon le virus étudié, une cellule peut être permissive ou non.  1, record 2, French, - cellule%20non%20permissive

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

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FAO [Food and Agriculture Organization] and OIE [World Organisation for Animal Health] will assist with cataloging precious virus seed to deposit in high biocontainment facilities to avoid the virus from being accidentally and even intentionally released into the wider environment.  1, record 3, English, - high%20biocontainment%20facility

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This concept refers to facilities such as laboratories. The term "high biocontainment" refers to containment levels 3 and 4 (CL3, CL4).  3, record 3, English, - high%20biocontainment%20facility

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

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La délivrance des permis pour l’importation d’agents pathogènes humains et pour celle d'une majorité des agents pathogènes d’animaux terrestres [ainsi que] la certification des installations de haut confinement biologique manipulant ces agents pathogènes [sera] traitée uniquement par la DRAP [Direction de la réglementation des agents pathogènes] de l’ASPC [Agence de la santé publique du Canada].  1, record 3, French, - installation%20de%20haut%20confinement%20biologique

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Il s'agit des installations comme les laboratoires. On entend par «haut confinement biologique» les niveaux de confinement 3 et 4 (NC3, NC4).  2, record 3, French, - installation%20de%20haut%20confinement%20biologique

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

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The rabies antibody test is indicated for individuals who because of high risk exposure to possibly rabid animals have been previously immunized against the virus. This population typically includes veterinarians, animal control officers, laboratory personnel and other workers who come in frequent contact with potentially rabid animals. The result of this test will determine if an individual has had a successful sero-conversion after immunization.  1, record 4, English, - rabies%20antibody%20test

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

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The human immunodeficiency virus(HIV) genome encodes at least seven groups of viral proteins. These groups of proteins include the three classes of polypeptides present in the majority of animal retroviruses : 1. structural, nonenvelope polypeptides encoded by the gag gene; 2. enzymes required for virion replication(reverse transcriptase/r) and for cleavage of viral precursor proteins(protease/pr), both encoded by the pol gene; 3. envelope polypeptides encoded by env gene. In addition, HIV's possess genes that encode four sets of polypeptides not found in the majority of typical retroviruses. These include a transactivating regulator of RNA translation(tat), a cis-acting downregulator of RNA transcription(nef), a regulator that modulates the expression of structural proteins(rev), a protein that modulates viral infectivity(vif), and two proteins(vpr, vpu) whose functions are still unclear. [From source a].  2, record 5, English, - viral%20protein

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Both the core and envelope of HIV are composed of viral proteins. The core viral proteins include p24 and p18, and the envelope viral proteins include gp41 and gp120.  3, record 5, English, - viral%20protein

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

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Protéines virales. Les protéines du V.I.H.-1, toutes antigéniques, c'est-à-dire capables d'induire la production d'anticorps, se répartissent en : 1) Des protéines associées à la nucléocapside. Ce sont des protéines structurales internes liées aux unités d'ARN et formant avec elle la nucléoïde. 2) Des protéines d'enveloppes chargées de sucres (glycoprotéines) 3) De nombreuses autres protéines identifiées récemment et dont le rôle commence à être connu.  2, record 5, French, - prot%C3%A9ine%20virale

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Record 6,  Textual support,  English

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"Minute virus of mice" is listed as an animal virus belonging to the Genus Parvovirus of the Parvoviridae virus group.  2, record 6, English, - minute%20virus%20of%20mice

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

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Le tableau 2 donne les résultats du dépistage sérologique fait dans les colonies de souris (...). Les effets du virus MVM sont jusqu'à présent peu connus. Cependant les effets immunosuppressifs de certaines lignées de cellules tumorales ont été attribués à ce virus.  2, record 6, French, - virus%20MVM

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Record 7,  Textual support,  English

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Any plant or animal of microscopical size; a protozoan, fungus, bacterium, or virus.  1, record 7, English, - micro%2Dorganism

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An organism belonging to the categories of viruses, bacteria, fungi, algae or protozoa. Most of them are small, and the group owes its cohesion to the similarity of methods for their handling.  3, record 7, English, - micro%2Dorganism

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The variety of technological uses to which microorganisms are put is enormous. In brewing and baking, the alcohol and carbon dioxide produced in fermentation by yeasts are utilized. Bacterial fermentations are used industrially to produce organic acids and solvents. In food manufacture, microorganisms are used for the production of vinegar, the preservation of olives, sauerkraut, and pickles, for the souring of cream in making butter, for the ripening of cheese, and for the curing of tea and tobacco.  4, record 7, English, - micro%2Dorganism

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

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Tout organisme vivant visible seulement au microscope. Appartenant aux trois règnes (bactéries, levures, protozoaires). Ils sont aussi des agents actifs dans les fermentations et participent à la décomposition des matières organiques.  1, record 7, French, - micro%2Dorganisme

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Chaque cellule contient plusieurs milliers d'enzymes, chacune étant capable de catalyser un type de réactions chimiques. [...] Ainsi les biotechnologies nouvelles reposent maintenant à la fois sur l'usage des micro-organismes vivants, mais aussi sur celui des enzymes isolées des cellules et sur des cellules mortes agissant comme réservoirs d'enzymes.  3, record 7, French, - micro%2Dorganisme

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Tend à se substituer à MICROBE dans le langage scientifique. Pour certains, les virus font partie des microorganismes.  4, record 7, French, - micro%2Dorganisme

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish

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Nombre aplicado a los seres monocelulares, vegetales o animales, solamente visibles con el microscopio; particularmente, a los que producen enfermedades.  2, record 7, Spanish, - microorganismo

Record 8,  Textual support,  English

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In another application of gene therapy we have used an adenoviral vector that carries the gene for herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase(HSV-tk). Cells expressing HSV-tk will convert the anti-viral drug ganciclovir(GCV) to a form that is toxic to rapidly dividing cells. Using this adenoviral vector we have repeatedly shown robust tumoricidal effects in a variety of animal models of CNS tumor and will soon take this treatment to phase I clinical trials. We are extending this work to the manipulation of the CNSs immune response to tumors using adenoviral vectors that carry several cytokine genes.  1, record 8, English, - herpes%20simplex%20virus%20thymidine%20kinase

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

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Traitement du glioblastome multiforme - une tumeur létale du cerveau - par transduction tumorale in vivo du gène codant la thymidine kinase du virus herpès simplex (HSV-TK), suivie par l'administration de ganciclovir, tel est l'intitulé des essais cliniques de phase II qui ont débuté en juin dernier en Belgique.  1, record 8, French, - thimidine%20kinase%20du%20virus%20herp%C3%A8s%20simplex

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Record 9,  Textual support,  English

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The successful expression of animal or human virus epitopes on the surface of the plant viruses has recently been demonstrated. These chimeric virus particles(CVPs) could represent a cost-effective and safe alternative to conventional animal cell-based vaccines.  1, record 9, English, - chimeric%20virus%20particle

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

Record 9,  Textual support,  Spanish

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Se han generado virus ADN [ácido desoxirribonucleico] recombinantes (vaccinia) que expresan replicones derivados de virus ARN [ácido ribonucleico] que a su vez dirigen la expresión de una proteína exógena o un fragmento de la misma. [...] Estos virus ADN recombinantes son útiles para producir partículas virales quiméricas de ciclo único conteniendo un replicón derivado de un virus ARN, para producir proteínas exógenas de interés, o fragmentos de las mismas, así como en aplicaciones terapéuticas, por ejemplo, en la formulación de vacunas.  1, record 9, Spanish, - part%C3%ADcula%20viral%20quim%C3%A9rica

Record 10,  Textual support,  English

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The incorporation of [foreign genetic material] into an organism’s cells, usually by a vector such as a modified virus.  4, record 10, English, - gene%20transfer

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The transfer of genes occurs via different processes: transformation, conjugation, transduction, etc. depending on the type of organisms involved.  5, record 10, English, - gene%20transfer

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The concept is a gene therapy technique when it is part of a treatment plan.  6, record 10, English, - gene%20transfer

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 3 OBS

transfection : often used by authors as a synonym of "gene transfer, "even though, narrowly defined, it is the transfer of viral genetic material into animal or bacterial cells leading to the production of the virus.  6, record 10, English, - gene%20transfer

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Transfert naturel ou suivant une technique appropriée d'un gène ou d'un ensemble de gènes d'un organisme à un autre.  5, record 10, French, - transfert%20g%C3%A9n%C3%A9tique

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Lorsque le transfert de gènes n'a pas de but thérapeutique, il n'est pas à considérer comme une thérapie génique.  6, record 10, French, - transfert%20g%C3%A9n%C3%A9tique

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 2 OBS

transfection : Au sens strict du terme, il s'agit de l'introduction de matériel génétique viral dans une cellule. Par extension, bon nombre d'auteurs utilisent ce terme comme synonyme de «transfert génétique» sans tenir compte de la technique de transfert utilisée.  7, record 10, French, - transfert%20g%C3%A9n%C3%A9tique

Record 10,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Introducción de genes exógenos en células huésped por medio de vectores tales como los retrovirus.  4, record 10, Spanish, - transferencia%20de%20genes

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La transferencia de genes en humanos es una estrategia por medio de la cual el repertorio genético de las células somáticas es modificado con propósitos terapéuticos o de ayuda en el entendimiento de los fenómenos biológicos. [...] Esencialmente la transferencia de genes incluye: La forma de transporte o vectorización del gen: La célula blanco. El gen elegido. Control de la expresión del gen.  5, record 10, Spanish, - transferencia%20de%20genes

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Los genes candidatos para la transferencia son aquellos que ya han sido clonados y caracterizados y que están claramente asociados a una sintomatología clínica definida. [...] Los vectores más utilizados para la transferencia de genes a células somáticas son los retrovirus.  6, record 10, Spanish, - transferencia%20de%20genes

Record 11,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[An] infectious disease caused by viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus(VHSV, synonym : Egtved virus), a virus belonging to the newly approved genus of Novirhabdovirus within the family Rhabdoviridae(OIE [World Organization for Animal Health], 2000).  5, record 11, English, - viral%20hemorrhagic%20septicemia

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Affects trout in Europe and has not been reported from the United States or other parts of the world.  6, record 11, English, - viral%20hemorrhagic%20septicemia

Record 11,  Textual support,  French

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Elle est la plus commune et la plus dangereuse des maladies infectieuses qui frappent les élevages de truites arc-en-ciel (Salmo gairdneri).  4, record 11, French, - septic%C3%A9mie%20h%C3%A9morragique%20virale

Record 11,  Textual support,  Spanish

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Término proveniente del Código Sanitario Internacional para los Animales Acuáticos, 2002.  2, record 11, Spanish, - septicemia%20hemorr%C3%A1gica%20viral

Record 12,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The Federal Research Centre for Virus Diseases of Animals(BFAV) is an independent supreme federal authority under the auspices of the Federal Ministry for Consumer Protection, Nutrition and Agriculture. Its task is to produce the scientific basis to help decision making in the areas of nutrition, agriculture and forestry, and to expand scientific knowledge in these areas. The BFAV performs research concerning animal virus diseases and related sciences.  1, record 12, English, - Federal%20Research%20Centre%20for%20Virus%20Diseases%20of%20Animals

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Record 12,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 13,  Textual support,  English

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Natural anthrax when faced with oxygen changes into a "spore" which really is a little tightly wrapped hard case seed type of thing about the size of a large virus.... The actual designer germ form behaves the same but comes as a spore form to begin with, and then changes into a germ form only when in a friendly environment. The spore form of natural anthrax must come from a dead animal hide or fluid from a carcass and can infect the skin, the gut, or the lungs of man.  2, record 13, English, - spore%20form

Record 13,  Textual support,  French

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Presque tous les microorganismes meurent rapidement s'ils sont exposés au soleil; ils supportent les températures élevées et sont facilement détruits par dessiccation. Bref, ils sont fragiles. Or, ce n'est pas le cas de l'agent du charbon bactéridien [anthrax] : c'est un organisme robuste; à l'état de spore, il peut survivre pendant des dizaines d'années et supporte d'importantes variations de milieu.  1, record 13, French, - %C3%A9tat%20de%20spore

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 OBS

La bactérie Bacillus anthracis a la particularité de former des spores lorsque les conditions ne sont pas favorables. La spore est l'élément clé dans le cycle d'infection de l'anthrax, elle est à la fois la forme infectante qui enclenche l'infection après germination dans l'hôte et la forme de persistance dans l'environnement.  2, record 13, French, - %C3%A9tat%20de%20spore

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Record 14,  Textual support,  English

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A form of immunity in which immunity to one bacteria or virus is effective in protecting the animal against an antigenically similar but different organism.  1, record 14, English, - cross%2Dimmunity

Record 14,  Textual support,  French

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Immunité paradoxale qui protège un sujet, non seulement de la maladie infectieuse correspondant à l'antigène qu'on lui a administré sous forme de vaccin, mais encore d'une autre maladie contagieuse, sans rapport clinique ou épidémiologique avec la première.  1, record 14, French, - immunit%C3%A9%20crois%C3%A9e

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Record 15,  Textual support,  English

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A field virus strain such as one isolated in nature, whether in a plant or an animal.  1, record 15, English, - field%20strain

Record 15,  Textual support,  French

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Souche non atténuée, telle qu'isolée sur le terrain.  1, record 15, French, - souche%20de%20terrain

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Record 16,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A subgroup of the myxoviruses, including the viruses of human and animal parainfluenza, mumps, and newcastle disease; it may also include the viruses of measles, canine distemper, rinderpest, the rubella and pneumonia virus of mice, and the respiratory syncytial virus.  2, record 16, English, - paramyxovirus

Record 16,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Les paramyxovirus possèdent tous une affinité pour les récepteurs mucoprotéiques des épithéliums respiratoires et comportant un acide ribonucléique monocaténaire, une nucléocapside à symétrie hélicoïdale, et une enveloppe à la surface de laquelle se trouvent des projections, parmi lesquelles les unes constituent l'hemagglutinine provoquant l'agglutination de certaines hématies, et les autres la neuraminidase, enzyme permettant l'élution de l'hémagglutinine.  2, record 16, French, - paramyxovirus

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Ils se distinguent des orthomyxovirus (Myxovirus influenzae A, B et C) par le diamètre de leur nucléocapside (18 mu au lieu de 9), leur taille en général plus grande, leur aptitude à produire dans les cellules infectées des inclusions cytoplasmiques éosinophiles. Parmi les paramyxovirus, on retrouve les M. parainfluenzae 1, 2, 3 et 4, le virus des oreillons, le virus de Newcastle, le virus de la rougeole.  3, record 16, French, - paramyxovirus

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 3 OBS

Le virus des oreillons (VO) fait partie de la famille des Paramixoviridae et du genre paramyxovirus.  2, record 16, French, - paramyxovirus

Record 16,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Virus [ARN] monocatenario de la familia Paramyxoviridae. En su cubierta poseen una neuraminidasa, una hemaglutinina y una hemolisina que contribuyen a la fusión celular.  1, record 16, Spanish, - paramixovirus

Record 17,  Textual support,  English

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Control : The regulation and, more particularly, the limitation of plant, animal or virus populations by one or more factors; these factors may be natural locality factors, exercising natural control-whether biotic factors like pathogens, pests or predators(biotic control) or abiotic factors like climate or soil(abiotic control)-or else artificial factors superimposing artificial control, i. e. through human agency-whether directly by mechanical, chemical, or biological means.  1, record 17, English, - abiotic%20control

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Record 18,  Textual support,  English

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The Germans reversed their stance after techniques were invented to indicate whether a rabid animal had acquired the disease from a vaccine virus or from a wild strain; they were reassured by knowing they could promptly detect when a vaccine had become virulent.  1, record 18, English, - rabid%20animal

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Record 19,  Textual support,  English

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A variety of approaches is being used to develop a vaccine. The most advanced are live oral vaccines developed by scientists at the US National Institutes of Health and Wistar Institute, in collaboration with US vaccine manufacturers. These are "re-assortant" vaccines-so-called because they are based on an animal strain of rotavirus(from a monkey or cow) that has been modified by the substitution of gene segments from human strains of the virus. These genes encode protective antigens from the outer shell of the virus. The vaccines include genes from the four serotypes of rotavirus most commonly found-all of which occur in children. They are produced in tissue culture.  1, record 19, English, - reassortant%20vaccine

Record 19,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 OBS

réassortir : Reconstituer un assortiment en complétant ou en remplaçant ce qui manque.  2, record 19, French, - vaccin%20r%C3%A9assorti

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Proposition approuvée par un chercheur de l'Unité de vaccinologie du Centre hospitalier de l'Université Laval (CHUL) à Québec.  1, record 19, French, - vaccin%20r%C3%A9assorti

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Record 20,  Textual support,  English

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A test employed with certain viral infections to determine the presence or absence of specific antibodies in the blood serum of animals by mixing varying amounts of serum with a constant amount of known virus and determining afterwards by animal inoculation if inactivation of the virus has taken place.  4, record 20, English, - serum%20virus%20neutralization

Record 20,  Textual support,  French

Record 20,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 21,  Textual support,  English

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A mammalian cell expression plasmid, pH beta -Arc, containing the human placenta aromatase complementary DNA was constructed. The prepared plasmid was used to transfect breast cancer cells (MCF-7), noncancerous breast cells, (HBL-100), and Chinese hamster ovary cells by a stable expression method. These constructed aromatase expressing mammalian cell lines will be very useful tools for aromatase inhibitor screening.  1, record 21, English, - transfect

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Tiré de: Cancer research, 1990, 50 (21), 6949-6954.  1, record 21, English, - transfect

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Transfection the artificial infection of animal or bacterial cells by uptake of nucleic acid isolated from virus or bacteriophage, resulting in the production of mature virus or phase particles.  2, record 21, English, - transfect

Record 21,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La base du criblage a consisté à rendre des cellules murines sensibles à l'interféron a humain, donc résistantes au virus de la stomatite vésiculaire (VSV) en présence d'IFNa. Cela a été obtenu par transfection avec de l'ADN de lymphoblastes humains. L'ADN d'un premier clone cellulaire résistant 10BH7 a servi à transfecter de nouvelles cellules murines.  1, record 21, French, - transfecter

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Record 22,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 OBS

"Murine hepatitis virus" is listed as an animal virus belonging to the Genus Coronavirus of the Coronaviridae virus group.  3, record 22, English, - murine%20hepatitis%20virus

Record 22,  Textual support,  French

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La présence du virus MHV entraîne la mort chez les souris immunosuppressées (...)  1, record 22, French, - virus%20MHV

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Record 23,  Textual support,  English

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"Murine polyoma virus" is listed as an animal virus belonging to the Genus Polyomavirus of the Papovaviridae virus group.  2, record 23, English, - murine%20polyoma%20virus

Record 23,  Textual support,  French

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Le Virus du polyome de la Souris a été trouvé par hasard en inoculant des extraits de cellules leucémiques de certaines lignées de Souris: les Souris inoculées développaient non pas des leucémies, mais des tumeurs des glandes salivaires, en particulier des parotides.  1, record 23, French, - virus%20du%20polyome%20de%20la%20souris

Record 23,  Textual support,  Spanish