TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Knowledge accumulated in a particular domain.  4, record 1, English, - domain%20knowledge

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The representation of domain expertise in a computer can be in one of two forms. One form is a "glass-box" or articulate model [and the other] the "black-box" expert...  5, record 1, English, - domain%20knowledge

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Didactic decisions are made by references to the student model or domain knowledge.  6, record 1, English, - domain%20knowledge

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 3 CONT

The most important feature is that the domain knowledge is distinct from the teaching expertise.  7, record 1, English, - domain%20knowledge

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

domain knowledge: term and definition standardized by ISO/IEC in 1995.  8, record 1, English, - domain%20knowledge

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 2 OBS

domain knowledge; world knowledge: terms standardized by CSA International in 1992.  8, record 1, English, - domain%20knowledge

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Connaissance accumulée dans un domaine particulier.  1, record 1, French, - connaissance%20d%27un%20domaine

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[...] séparer l'expertise pédagogique de l'expertise du domaine [...]  3, record 1, French, - connaissance%20d%27un%20domaine

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

connaissance d'un domaine : terme et définition normalisés par l'ISO/CEI en 1995.  4, record 1, French, - connaissance%20d%27un%20domaine

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 2 OBS

connaissance du domaine : terme normalisé par la CSA International en 1992.  4, record 1, French, - connaissance%20d%27un%20domaine

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The representation of domain expertise in a computer can be in one of two forms. One form is as a "glass-box" or articulate model... The model is referred to as "articulate" because each problem-solving decision it makes can... be explained in terms that match... those of a human problem-solver. In contrast to the articulate expert is the "black-box" expert, which has data structures and processing algorithms that do not mimic those used by human beings.  6, record 2, English, - articulate%20expert

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 2 CONT

An expert system is called glass box if you can see how it arrives at its answer. MATHPERT can print out the individual steps of its solution, with their justifications. (We use the word "solution" to mean such a sequence of intelligible steps, whose last line is the "answer".)  5, record 2, English, - articulate%20expert

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Expert modules can be classified along a spectrum ranging from completely opaque or "black-box" representations, whereby only final results are available, to fully transparent or "glass-box" ones, whereby each reasoning step can be inspected and interpreted. ... whether opaque or transparent, the expert module may achieve its performance ...  4, record 2, English, - articulate%20expert

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 2 OBS

In an ideally transparent system, this [pedagogical] expertise can be stored in the form of general principles expressed declaratively and interpreted into actual decisions.  4, record 2, English, - articulate%20expert

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Système expert qui, avant de présenter le résultat ou la conclusion, explique toutes les étapes de résolution d'un problème de même que ses décisions stratégiques.  1, record 2, French, - syst%C3%A8me%20expert%20transparent

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

S'oppose à «système expert opaque».  1, record 2, French, - syst%C3%A8me%20expert%20transparent

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Articulate facts and strategies that vary from expert knowledge...(misconceptions and procedural errors).  3, record 3, English, - procedural%20error

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 2 CONT

If the computer has a tutorial program, the student is asked a question by the computer, the student types in an answer, and then gets an immediate response to the answer. If the answer is correct, the student is routed to more challenging problems; if the answer is incorrect, various computer messages will indicate the flaw in procedure, and the program will bypass more complicated questions until the student shows mastery in that area.  2, record 3, English, - procedural%20error

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

erreur due à un défaut de conception du problème.  1, record 3, French, - erreur%20de%20conception

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La détection des erreurs, des oublis et autres vices de raisonnement plus importants (que l'on rassemble sous le doux nom de bogues) n'est qu'une partie du problème; [...]  4, record 3, French, - erreur%20de%20conception

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

faille : Point faible, défaut, manque de cohérence dans un raisonnement [...]  5, record 3, French, - erreur%20de%20conception

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The representation of domain expertise in a computer can be in one of two forms. One form is as a "glass-box" or articulate model... The model is referred to as "articulate" because each problem-solving decision it makes can... be explained in terms that match... those of a human problem-solver. In contrast to the articulate expert is the "black-box" expert, which has data structures and processing algorithms that do not mimic those used by human beings.  3, record 4, English, - black%2Dbox%20expert

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 2 CONT

... the circuit simulator underlying SOPHIE-1 ... is a black-box expert, and is used only to check the consistency of student’s hypotheses and answer some of his questions. Its mechanisms are never revealed to the student since they are certainly not the mechanisms the student is expected to acquire.  3, record 4, English, - black%2Dbox%20expert

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 3 CONT

Although there are some excellent chess machines, they rely on nonhuman strategies for achieving their expertise, that is, they are black-box experts.  3, record 4, English, - black%2Dbox%20expert

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Expert modules can be classified along a spectrum ranging from completely opaque or "black-box" representations, whereby only final results are available, to fully transparent or "glass-box" ones, whereby each reasoning step can be inspected and interpreted.  4, record 4, English, - black%2Dbox%20expert

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 2 OBS

As opposed to "glass-box expert system."  2, record 4, English, - black%2Dbox%20expert

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Système expert qui fait abstraction de toutes les étapes de résolution d'un problème pour ne présenter que les résultats, éliminant du même coup les possibilités de vérification et d'interprétation.  1, record 4, French, - syst%C3%A8me%20expert%20opaque

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

S'oppose à «système expert transparent».  1, record 4, French, - syst%C3%A8me%20expert%20opaque

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Although the dialogues generated are quite impressive, the troubleshooting expert is not unusually sophisticated from an AI standpoint, since it merely follows a parameterized decision tree in which multiple levels of prestored explanations are attached to each node. During a demonstration, these explanatory frames are instantiated to produce dialogues such as the one presented in Figure 4. 5. What is advocated here is an articulate representation of the expertise to be conveyed in qualitative and causal terms, but the limitations of the fixed decision tree do not allow the system to follow and coach the student in his own troubleshooting process.  1, record 5, English, - parameterized%20decision%20tree

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

paramétrage: description mathématique simplifiée d'un forme à partir de ses attributs focalisateurs.  2, record 5, French, - arbre%20de%20d%C3%A9cision%20param%C3%A9tris%C3%A9

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish