TERMIUM Plus®

The Government of Canada’s terminology and linguistic data bank.

AS FAVOR [43 records]

Filter results by subject field Alphabetical list of terms

Filter results by subject field

Alphabetical list of terms

Record 1 2025-02-28

English

Subject field(s)
  • Decision-Making Process
  • Auditing (Accounting)
DEF

... a tendency to favor output generated from automated systems, even when human reasoning or contradictory information raises questions as to whether such output is reliable or fit for purpose.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Processus décisionnel
  • Vérification (Comptabilité)
DEF

[...] tendance à favoriser les résultats générés par des systèmes automatisés, même lorsque le raisonnement humain ou la présence d'informations contradictoires mettent en doute la fiabilité de ces résultats ou leur adéquation à l'objectif.

Spanish

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Record 2 2021-05-10

English

Subject field(s)
  • Electrical Power Supply
  • Electrical Equipment (Motor Vehicles)
CONT

Governments around the world are announcing bans or restrictions on new gasoline vehicles as early as 2025 in favor of electric vehicles(EVs). Extreme fast charging(XFC), which involves charge rates of 350 kW and above, has been touted as a key to achieving substantial EV adoption by the general public.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Alimentation (Distribution électrique)
  • Équipement électrique (Véhicules automobiles)
CONT

[Le] banc d'essai offrira la recharge ultrarapide à l'aide de deux bornes [...] de 350 kW chacune.

Key term(s)
  • recharge ultra-rapide

Spanish

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Record 3 2020-08-19

English

Subject field(s)
  • PAJLO
  • Occupation Names (General)
  • Alternative Dispute Resolution
CONT

... the court found that requiring a retired judge to conduct the arbitration as opposed to an institutional arbitrator, who is subject to rules and procedures that ensure neutrality, was problematic. Were such a selection process permissible, a corporation could define the procedures for arbitrator selection in an unfair manner and avoid the oversight of an institutional arbitrator who would require more balanced rules, thus creating a regime that leaned in its favor.

French

Domaine(s)
  • PAJLO
  • Désignations des emplois (Généralités)
  • Modes substitutifs de résolution des différends
OBS

L'arbitre institutionnel peut [également] être une institution ou un organisme.

OBS

arbitre institutionnel; arbitre institutionnelle : désignations normalisées par le Comité de normalisation, Promotion de l'accès à la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).

Spanish

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Record 4 2019-12-11

English

Subject field(s)
  • PAJLO
  • Practice and Procedural Law
DEF

The method courts use to resolve disputes.

CONT

Through the adversary process, each side in a dispute has the right to present its case as persuasively as possible, subject to the rules of evidence, and an independent fact finder, either judge or jury, decides in favor of one side or the other.

French

Domaine(s)
  • PAJLO
  • Droit judiciaire
OBS

processus adversatif : désignation normalisée par le Comité de normalisation, Promotion de l'accès à la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).

Spanish

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Record 5 2016-10-04

English

Subject field(s)
  • Marketing
  • Corporate Management
  • Motor Vehicles and Bicycles
DEF

The practice of marketing an existing motor vehicle under a new brand name or badge.

CONT

Days before and barely hours into his return to GM's salaried-exec payroll, [the vice-chairman] said GM was going to rebadge the underappreciated, Australia-sourced Pontiac G8 as a Chevrolet, calling it a car "too good to waste. "The pronouncement flew directly against an earlier thumbs-down verdict about the G8 from [the chief executive officer], who said he does not favor rebadging...

OBS

rebadging: Not to be confused with "badge engineering" or "crossbadging."

French

Domaine(s)
  • Commercialisation
  • Gestion de l'entreprise
  • Véhicules automobiles et bicyclettes
DEF

Stratégie d’entreprise qui consiste à commercialiser sous une marque différente un véhicule proposé jusqu’alors à la vente sous une autre marque.

OBS

remarquage : Ne pas confondre avec «multimarquage».

OBS

remarquage : terme et définition publiés au Journal officiel de la République française le 11 juin 2016.

Spanish

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Record 6 2016-05-06

English

Subject field(s)
  • PAJLO
  • Law of Trusts (common law)
DEF

An interest created by cutting short one freehold estate in favor of another(not the grantor) as may occur in estates subject to a condition subsequent if certain events occur.

French

Domaine(s)
  • PAJLO
  • Droit des fiducies (common law)
OBS

intérêt mouvant : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation, Promotion de l'accès à la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).

Spanish

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Record 7 2016-02-29

English

Subject field(s)
  • Games of Chance
  • Horse Racing and Equestrian Sports
  • Sports (General)
DEF

When betting, the difference in favor of one as against another.

CONT

The ’Tote’ computer works out the exact mathematical odds on each horse in a race, according to the total amount of money staked to win and for a place.

OBS

Term used in the plural.

PHR

Going against the odds.

PHR

Prohibitive odds.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Jeux de hasard
  • Courses hippiques et sports équestres
  • Sports (Généralités)
DEF

Rapport entre les chances de perdre et celles de gagner qu'offre un cheval dans une course.

CONT

La cote d'un cheval est à 10 contre 1 quand il est présumé avoir dix chances de perdre contre une seule de gagner.

OBS

Terme habituellement utilisé au pluriel.

PHR

Cotes exorbitantes.

Key term(s)
  • cotes

Spanish

Campo(s) temático(s)
  • Juegos de azar
  • Carreras de caballos y deportes ecuestres
  • Deportes (Generalidades)
Save record 7

Record 8 2015-09-14

English

Subject field(s)
  • PAJLO
  • Law of Security
CONT

A general lien is one which the holder whereof is entitled to enforce as a security for the performance of all the obligations, or all of a particular class of obligations, which exist in his favor against the owner of the property.(Cartwright, 1972, p. 544)

French

Domaine(s)
  • PAJLO
  • Droit des sûretés
OBS

privilège général : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation, Promotion de l’accès à la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).

Spanish

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Record 9 2015-01-07

English

Subject field(s)
  • Meats and Meat Industries
  • Prepared Dishes (Cooking)
  • Restaurant Menus
CONT

Turkey legs are commonly neglected in favor of breasts and thighs as a main course. However, turkey legs contain very flavorful meat and can be easily cooked with few spices and seasonings.

CONT

Remove leg tendons as directed for chicken, or cut through skin around leg of turkey, 2 inches above the foot and insert knife beneath tendons to loosen bone from muscle, being careful not to cut tendons.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Salaison, boucherie et charcuterie
  • Plats cuisinés
  • Menus (Restauration)

Spanish

Campo(s) temático(s)
  • Industria cárnica, de fiambres y embutidos
  • Platos preparados (Cocina)
  • Menú (Restaurantes)
Save record 9

Record 10 2014-12-10

English

Subject field(s)
  • Biological Sciences
CONT

It is generally considered that the structure of an enzyme should be complementary to the structure of the transition state rather than to the substrates of products. By this means, the increase in binding energy as the reaction proceeds lowers the activation energy of the chemical step-the 'strain’ theory of catalysis.... On binding, the substrate is strained or distorted. In Haldane's words :"Using Fischer's lock and key smile, the key does not fit the lock perfectly but exercises a certain strain on it"... Nowadays, the modified concept of transition state stabilization is gaining favor. According to this idea, it is not that the substrate is distorted but rather that the transition state makes better contacts with the enzyme than the substrate does, so that the full binding energy is not realized until the transition state is reached.

OBS

Binding energy can, in theory, also be used to alter the energy levels of enzyme-bound reagents and so alter the equilibrium constants between enzyme-bound substrates, intermediates and products.... Protein engineering ... is eminently suited to studying and quantifying the role of binding energy in catalysis since side chains of the enzyme that interact with the substrate may be systematically modified to make small perturbations in the binding energy.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Sciences biologiques
CONT

Au cours du processus de catalyse, [...] une combinaison enzyme-substrat [...] représente l'étape intermédiaire obligatoire. Ensuite, les profonds remaniements subis par cette combinaison conduisent à la libération des produits. C'est dire que la caractérisation des liaisons chimiques impliquées dans le processus doit être abordée dans une double perspective : d'une part les liaisons qui participeront à la reconnaissance du substrat par l'enzyme et à la constitution de la combinaison enzyme-substrat, et, d'autre part, les liaisons qui seront impliquées dans les mécanismes catalytiques proprement dits. Les énergies de liaison mises en œuvre sont en effet fondamentalement différentes selon qu'il s'agit de l'un ou l'autre cas. Dans le processus de reconnaissance, ces énergies se situent dans la gamme des 10 k.cal/mole : seules des «liaisons faibles» seront impliquées. Dans le mécanisme catalytique, les énergies mises en jeu sont de l'ordre de 100 k.cal./mole ou plus : des «liaisons fortes» seront impliquées.

Spanish

Campo(s) temático(s)
  • Ciencias biológicas
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Record 11 2014-05-15

English

Subject field(s)
  • Law of Estates (common law)
  • Law of Succession (civil law)
CONT

The courts favor holding an estate vested under the "divide and pay over" rule where the remainder is given to named persons who are the natural objects of the bounty of testator, such as his children.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Droit successoral (common law)
  • Droit successoral (droit civil)
CONT

Celui à qui un testateur a laissé le tiers de sa succession lorsqu'il aurait des enfants, ne peut point profiter de la libéralité du testateur en devenant père par adoption.

Spanish

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Record 12 2014-02-24

English

Subject field(s)
  • Electoral Systems and Political Parties
CONT

Catch-all parties refer to the political party that plays down ideology in favor of slogans in hopes of getting the votes and support from the widest spectrum of citizens as possible.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Systèmes électoraux et partis politiques
DEF

Parti cherchant à attirer la plus vaste clientèle électorale en défendant des positions peu controversées.

OBS

Ce genre de formation est tout le contraire d'un parti idéologique et qui défend une cause précise. Il arrive néanmoins souvent qu'un tel parti devienne plus électoraliste afin de prendre le pouvoir et d'appliquer son programme qui risque cependant d'être quelque peu édulcoré.

Spanish

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Record 13 2013-07-29

English

Subject field(s)
  • PAJLO
  • Law of Evidence
OBS

A formal admission of fact, as distinct from an admission of law, cannot be withdrawn except with leave of the court or the consent of the parties in whose favor it was made.

French

Domaine(s)
  • PAJLO
  • Droit de la preuve
OBS

aveu sur une question de droit : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).

Spanish

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Record 14 2013-07-29

English

Subject field(s)
  • PAJLO
  • Law of Evidence
OBS

A formal admission of fact, as distinct from an admission of law, cannot be withdrawn except with leave of the court or the consent of the parties in whose favor it was made.

French

Domaine(s)
  • PAJLO
  • Droit de la preuve
OBS

aveu sur une question de fait : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).

Spanish

Save record 14

Record 15 2013-06-25

English

Subject field(s)
  • PAJLO
  • Property Law (common law)
DEF

An implied warranty on the part of the seller in a sale or contract to sell personal property that he has, or will have at the time when property is to pass, the right to sell the goods; that the buyer shall enjoy quiet possession as against any lawful claims existing at the time of the sale; and that the goods at the time of the sale shall be free from charge or encumbrance in favor of any third person, not declared or known to the buyer before or at the time when the contract or sale is made.(Ballentine, p. 1360).

French

Domaine(s)
  • PAJLO
  • Droit des biens et de la propriété (common law)
OBS

Terme employé plus particulièrement pour des biens personnels.

OBS

garantie de titre : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).

Spanish

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Record 16 2013-05-29

English

Subject field(s)
  • PAJLO
  • Property Law (common law)
DEF

Land on which an easement exists in favor of an adjacent property(called a dominant estate) ;also referred to as a servient tenement. If property A has a right of way across property B, property B is the servient estate.(Reilley, 1977, pp. 391-392).

French

Domaine(s)
  • PAJLO
  • Droit des biens et de la propriété (common law)
OBS

fonds servant : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).

Spanish

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Record 17 2012-12-11

English

Subject field(s)
  • PAJLO
  • Property Law (common law)
OBS

While all easements may be terminated by an act of the parties or by operation of law, they may initially be created of different durations. Thus, an easement may be created for a specified period of time, such as for a term of years or months, or for the life of either the owner of the servient or dominant tenement, or, if the easement is one in gross, for the life of the person in whose favor the easement exists.(Cartwright, 1972, p. 301).

French

Domaine(s)
  • PAJLO
  • Droit des biens et de la propriété (common law)
OBS

servitude à durée déterminée : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).

Spanish

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Record 18 2012-10-30

English

Subject field(s)
  • PAJLO
  • Law of Estates (common law)
DEF

Gift or favor bestowed as an expression of liberality or kindliness.(Ballentine's, 3rd ed., 1969, p. 151)

French

Domaine(s)
  • PAJLO
  • Droit successoral (common law)
OBS

Le terme vise à la fois l'intention libérale et son résultat.

OBS

libéralité : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).

Spanish

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Record 19 2012-07-27

English

Subject field(s)
  • Diplomacy
  • Meetings and Assemblies (Administration)
  • Parliamentary Language
CONT

They cited as evidence the courts’ continued refusals of defense motions, illicit editing of proceedings records in the criminal court, hindering the activities of journalists who were covering the trials, and general favor toward the prosecution.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Diplomatie
  • Réunions et assemblées (Administration)
  • Vocabulaire parlementaire

Spanish

Campo(s) temático(s)
  • Diplomacia
  • Reuniones y asambleas (Administración)
  • Lenguaje parlamentario
Save record 19

Record 20 2010-11-23

English

Subject field(s)
  • Federal Government Bodies and Committees (Canadian)
  • Environment
OBS

A four member Economic Advisory Panel was set up by Health Canada to advise on the assessment, quantification and evaluation of health ancillary benefits resulting from the Greenhouse Gas(GHG) reduction measures identified by the Issue Tables and proposed in their Options Papers within the National Climate Change Process(NCCP). The purpose of the exercise was to identify measures whose ranking would be affected by these ancillary benefits and, even if their ranking were not affected, flag these ancillary benefits as reinforcement in favor of the adoption of measures by governments and acceptance by the public.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Organismes et comités fédéraux (Gouvernement canadien)
  • Environnement
OBS

Un Comité consultatif économique composé de quatre personnes a été établi par Santé Canada pour donner des conseils sur l'estimation, la quantification et l'évaluation des avantages accessoires pour la santé résultant des mesures de réduction des gaz à effet de serre (GES) identifiées par les tables de concertation et présentées dans leurs rapports sur les options dans le cadre du Processus national sur les changements climatiques (PNCC). Le but de cet exercice était d'identifier les mesures dont le classement serait influencé par ces avantages accessoires et, même si le classement n'était pas influencé, de considérer ces avantages accessoires comme un renforcement en faveur de l'adoption de mesures par les gouvernements et de leur acceptation par la population.

Spanish

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Record 21 2010-06-08

English

Subject field(s)
  • Eye Surgery
DEF

...consists of making an opening in the anterior capsule, expressing the lens nucleus through the capsule, and removing it from the eye along with any cortical material, but leaving the capsule.

CONT

Although a discussion of the relative merits of the two procedures is beyond the scope of this report, we favor placement of a superior capsular cut in situations where conversion to extracapsular cataract extraction may be required, such as early resident surgery, transition from extracapsular extraction to phacoemulsification, and cases of extremely large or brunescent nuclei.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Chirurgie de l'œil
CONT

Techniques d'extraction. Les différents temps sont : (...) - une ablation du cristallin selon deux modes : en totalité par l'intermédiaire d'une boule de glace unissant solidement le cristallin à une cryode : c'est l'extraction intracapsulaire; partiellement, en laissant en place la capsule postérieure après dissection de la capsule antérieure, expulsion du noyau, aspiration du cortex : c'est l'extraction extracapsulaire dont l'avantage est le maintien du plan capsulaire postérieur;

CONT

Cette technique est cependant applicable pour les extractions extra-capsulaires classiques manuelles, à condition que le diamètre du capsulorhexis soit assez large pour laisser passer le noyau sans risque de déchirure de l'orifice capsulaire antérieur.

Spanish

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Record 22 2009-02-03

English

Subject field(s)
  • Law of Contracts (common law)
  • Insurance
  • Special-Language Phraseology
DEF

A duty that is implied in some contractual relationship, requiring the parties to deal with each other fairly, so that neither prohibits the other from realizing the agreement’s benefits.

CONT

Every contract, and this includes insurance policies, imposes upon each party a duty of good faith and fair dealing. Good faith is implied in every contract. Although this duty of good faith and fair dealing applies to both parties to a contract, a majority of courts, when looking at an insurance contract, have viewed its requirements as a one-way street in your favor because you need the protection from the insurance company, not the other way around.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Droit des contrats (common law)
  • Assurances
  • Phraséologie des langues de spécialité
CONT

En l'espèce, la société Pilot reconnaît qu'un assureur a l'obligation d'agir de bonne foi et équitablement, mais elle prétend qu'il s'agit d'une obligation contractuelle, alors que l'arrêt Vorvis exige l'existence d'une faute d'ordre délictuel.

Spanish

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Record 23 2008-10-21

English

Subject field(s)
  • Maritime Law
CONT

[The mariner's lien] is one of the oldest and best recognized maritime liens. It exists as a rule in favor of every one who, in justice, can be regarded as a seaman. It follows the ship and its proceeds into whatever hands they go.

OBS

the terms "seaman" and "mariner" are used interchangeably in general contexts although the term "mariner" is often restricted to legal documents.

Key term(s)
  • seaman's lien

French

Domaine(s)
  • Droit maritime
Key term(s)
  • privilège de marin
  • privilège des marins

Spanish

Save record 23

Record 24 2007-08-17

English

Subject field(s)
  • Legal Actions
  • Special-Language Phraseology
CONT

A party whose rights would be adversely affected by a determination of an appeal in favor of petitioner is a necessary party and must be joined as such Appeals of Campbell, et al...

French

Domaine(s)
  • Actions en justice
  • Phraséologie des langues de spécialité
CONT

Le plaidoyer en faveur de la concurrence est particulièrement important pour les pays en développement dont les économies connaissent des réformes fondamentales inspirées par la loi du marché.

Spanish

Save record 24

Record 25 2006-12-19

English

Subject field(s)
  • Practice and Procedural Law
  • Legal Actions
  • Private Law
DEF

A judgment taken against a debtor by the creditor, based on the debtor’s written consent.

CONT

confession of judgment. A judgment entered after a written confession by the debtor without the expense of ordinary legal proceedings.

OBS

A typical confession of judgment is :"The undersigned irrevocably authorizes any attorney to appear in any court of competent jurisdiction and confess a judgment without process in favor of the creditor for such amount as may then appear unpaid hereon, and to consent to immediate execution upon such judgment. "

French

Domaine(s)
  • Droit judiciaire
  • Actions en justice
  • Droit privé
CONT

L'acquiescement au jugement emporte soumission aux chefs de celui-ci et renonciation aux voies de recours sauf si, postérieurement, une autre partie forme régulièrement un recours. Il est toujours admis, sauf disposition contraire.

OBS

acquiescement à un jugement : Exécuter un jugement dont l'exécution est obligatoire, même si l'on a fait appel, ne signifie pas acquiescer à un jugement.

Spanish

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Record 26 2006-01-24

English

Subject field(s)
  • Mental Disorders
  • Drugs and Drug Addiction
DEF

States associated with drug withdrawal ranging from severe, as specified for alcohol under 291.0 [of the DSM-III-R Manual] (delirium tremens) to less severe characterized by one or more symptoms such as convulsions, tremor, anxiety, restlessness, gastrointestinal and muscular complaints, and mild disorientation and memory disturbance.

OBS

The English term "drug" has a less restrictive meaning than its French cognate "drogue". In English it not only conveys the meaning of any substance, whether legally available or not, which causes addiction, but also that of any substance intended for use in the treatment of a disease with or without a prescription. In French the primary meaning is that of an illicit substance, despite a more generic use found in legal contexts(Food and Drugs Act=Loi des aliments et drogues). Intrinsically more specific, the French favor the use of "produit pharmaceutique" and "médicament", as well as derivatives thereof, e. g. "pharmacodépendance, toxicomanie, etc. Consequently, in the case of "drug withdrawal syndrome", the use of "drogue"(i. e. substance that causes addiction) is not entirely inappropriate.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Troubles mentaux
  • Drogues et toxicomanie
DEF

États associés au sevrage de drogue, allant d'états graves, comme ceux décrits pour l'alcool sous [le code 291.0 du manuel DSM-III-R] (delirium tremens) à des états moins sévères caractérisés par un ou plusieurs symptômes tels que convulsions, tremblements, anxiété, agitation, douleurs gastro-intestinales et musculaires, troubles légers de l'orientation et de la mémoire.

Key term(s)
  • syndrome de sevrage de médicament
  • syndrome de sevrage de produits pharmaceutiques
  • syndrome de sevrage d'hallucinogène

Spanish

Save record 26

Record 27 2004-10-19

English

Subject field(s)
  • Economic Planning
  • Government Accounting
  • Financial and Budgetary Management
DEF

A budget of a governmental agency which is essentially a projection of the agency’s activities and accounts - on the accrual basis - for the budget period.

OBS

The program budget ... attempts to classify expenditures in terms of the outputs to which they are devoted.

OBS

for "performance budget" : The terms "program" and "performance" are often used interchangeably. "Program budget" seems to have found recent favor as the most widely accepted term.

OBS

for "performance budget": In "Dictionary for Accountants" by Eric L. Kohler, the term "performance budget" is also used as a synonym for "program budget". However, according to certain books such as "Fund Accounting" by H.D. Kerrigan, "program budget" is not synonymous with "performance budget".

OBS

for "performance budget": A program budget is a transitional type of budget between the traditional character and object budget, on the one hand, and the performance budget on the other.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Planification économique
  • Comptabilité publique
  • Gestion budgétaire et financière
CONT

Les budgets de programme décrivent de façon cohérente l'activité d'un organisme en la découpant en un certain nombre de programmes définis comme une combinaison de moyens confiée à un responsable en vue d'atteindre un certain objectif. Cette nouvelle présentation du budget comporte une projection des coûts sur plusieurs années et une évaluation chiffrée des produits de l'action administrative. Elle doit permettre une amélioration sensible des conditions de préparation et d'exécution du budget par rapport à la situation actuelle où les dépenses sont regroupées généralement par nature, sans indication des résultats obtenus.

Spanish

Campo(s) temático(s)
  • Planificación económica
  • Contabilidad pública
  • Gestión presupuestaria y financiera
Save record 27

Record 28 2004-07-09

English

Subject field(s)
  • Printing Machines and Equipment
  • Flexography (Printing)
CONT

Computer to plate technology : Flexo has a number of significant benefits to the newspaper printer, advertiser and reader. These have been well recognized, but until recently, lack of a computer to plate system for flexo has limited adoption of flexo technology. As a flexo computer to plate system is being introduced in early 2003, it is anticipated that a number of newspapers will decide in favor of the flexo process.

Key term(s)
  • computer-to-plate for flexo

French

Domaine(s)
  • Équipement (Imprimerie et arts graphiques)
  • Flexographie (Imprimerie)
DEF

En prépresse flexo, [dispositif] qui utilise une tête d'écriture laser pour imager des plaques flexographiques directement à partir de données numériques.

OBS

Termes et définition tirés du Vocabulaire de la flexographie de France Brodeur. Reproduction autorisée par l'Institut des communications graphiques du Québec.

Spanish

Save record 28

Record 29 2004-02-03

English

Subject field(s)
  • Food Additives
CONT

Food coloring agents may be organic or inorganic, natural or synthetic. Prominent among them are the(erroneously called) coal-tar colors certified for food use in the United States by the Food and Drug Administration. These and certain vegetable colors such as annatto, turmeric, and beta-carotene(now also produced synthetically) have wide usage in butter and margarine, mustard and other condiments, candies, ice cream, cake toppings, beverages, and other products. The greater variety, coloring value, and stability of synthetic, as compared to natural, colors favor their use in processed foods.

Key term(s)
  • food colouring agent

French

Domaine(s)
  • Additifs alimentaires
DEF

Produit chimique utilisé pour la fabrication de certaines denrées alimentaires.

CONT

L'addition de colorants à certains aliments est autorisée. Ce sont soit des constituants des plantes habituellement consommées tels que les chlorophylles (légumes verts), la bétaïne (betterave rouge), le carotène (carotte), les anthocyanes (raisin, cassis), soit des substances extraites d'animaux ou de végétaux ne participant pas à notre alimentation normale telles la cochenille et l'indigotine, ou encore des substances obtenues à partir de substances naturelles mais ayant subi une transformation (caramel), ou enfin des produits de synthèse.

Spanish

Campo(s) temático(s)
  • Aditivos alimentarios
DEF

Substancia empleada en la coloración de ciertos alimentos.

OBS

colorante: Término utilizado para los fines del Codex Alimentarius.

Save record 29

Record 30 2003-10-07

English

Subject field(s)
  • Finish Carpentry
  • Construction Tools
CONT

Measuring tape. The 33-foot automatic rewind kind is handy. We also favor a regular foldup carpenter's rule, marked in tenths, of course. Handy to reach into inaccessible areas or even used as a leveling rod.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Menuiserie
  • Outils (Construction)
DEF

Règle plate longue et large qu'utilisent les menuisiers.

Spanish

Save record 30

Record 31 2003-10-03

English

Subject field(s)
  • Internet and Telematics
CONT

Usually, a hybrid search engine will favor one type of listing over another. For example, MSN Search is more likely to present human-powered listings from LookSmart. However, it does also present crawler-based results(as provided by Inktomi), especially for more obscure queries.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Internet et télématique
CONT

[...] moteur de recherche hybride fonctionnant grâce à un robot qui lit et indexe les sites soumis sur le même principe que les grands moteurs de recherche tel que Lycos ou Webcrawler [...] Cependant [le moteur de recherche hybride] vous offre [en plus] la possibilité d'inscrire votre site dans [des] catégories, selon le principe utilisé par les catalogues (dont le plus fameux Yahoo).

Spanish

Save record 31

Record 32 2003-08-04

English

Subject field(s)
  • Private Law
  • Law of Obligations (civil law)
CONT

In fact, [the Court] only cited the opinion of a Senator when discussing the law, interpreting his word as a tacit mandate in favor of the executive.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Droit privé
  • Droit des obligations (droit civil)
OBS

Mandat tacite par opposition à mandat exprès, celui qui, à défaut d'investiture formelle (écrite ou orale) de la part du mandat, repose sur des circonstances qui le rendent probable [...]

Spanish

Save record 32

Record 33 2000-04-11

English

Subject field(s)
  • Psychology (General)
  • Mental Disorders
OBS

Drug psychoses: syndromes that do not fit the descriptions given in [the DSM-III-R, codes] 295-298 (nonorganic psychoses) and which are due to consumption of drugs (notably amphetamines, barbiturates and the opiate and LSD groups) and solvents ....

OBS

The English term "drug" has a less restrictive meaning than its French cognate "drogue". In English it not only conveys the meaning of any substance, whether legally available or not, which causes addiction, but also that of any substance intended for use in the treatment of a disease with or without a prescription. In French the primary meaning is that of an illicit substance, despite a more generic use found in legal contexts(Food and Drugs Act=Loi des aliments et drogues). Intrinsically more specific, the French favor the use of "produit pharmaceutique" and "médicament", as well as derivatives thereof, e. g. "pharmacodépendance, toxicomanie, etc. Consequently, in the case of "drug psychosis", the use of "drogue"(i. e. substance that causes addiction) is not entirely inappropriate, although instances of the term "pharmacopsychose" do exist. As for the term "drug psychosis syndrome", this term cannot be substantiated in any reliable source. Do not use the term "syndrome" when it is not necessary.

Key term(s)
  • drug psychoses
  • 292
  • drug psychosis syndrome

French

Domaine(s)
  • Psychologie (Généralités)
  • Troubles mentaux
DEF

Psychose chronique qui survient après des abus toxicomoniques de psychotropes.

OBS

Psychoses dues aux drogues : syndromes ne correspondant pas aux descriptions données sous [les classifications, codes 295-298 du DSM-III-R] (psychoses non organiques) et dus à la consommation de médicaments (notamment d'amphétamines, de barbituriques, d'opiacés, de substances du type LSD et de solvants) [...]

OBS

«Psychose due aux drogues» : terme employé dans le Manuel diagnostique et statistique des troubles mentaux (DSM-III-R), version française, ainsi que dans la Classification internationale des Maladies (CIM-9).

Key term(s)
  • 292
  • psychose due aux médicaments
  • psychose due aux produits pharmaceutiques
  • psychose due aux psychotropes

Spanish

Campo(s) temático(s)
  • Psicología (Generalidades)
  • Trastornos mentales
Save record 33

Record 34 1999-06-16

English

Subject field(s)
  • Microbiology and Parasitology
CONT

Heat-loving microbes, or thermophiles, are among the best studied of the extremophiles. Thermophiles reproduce, or grow readily in temperatures greater than 45 degrees Celsius(113 degrees Fahrenheit), and some of them, referred to as hyperthermophiles, favor temperatures above 80 degrees C(176 degrees F). Some hyperthermophiles even thrive in environments hotter than 100 degrees C(212 degrees F), the boiling point of water at sea level. In comparison, most-variety bacteria grow fastest in temperatures between 25 and 40 degrees C(77 and 104 degrees F). Further, no multicellular animals or plants have been found to tolerate temperatures above about 50 degrees C(122 degrees F), and no microbial eukarya yet discovered can tolerate long-term exposure to temperatures higher than about 60 degrees C(140 degrees F).

French

Domaine(s)
  • Microbiologie et parasitologie
CONT

Il ne faisait guère de doutes que les microorganismes présents aujourd'hui dans ces environnements (appelés thermophiles, qui aiment la chaleur, ou même hyperthermophiles pour ceux vivant à plus de 100 degrés centigrades) ressemblaient plus que tout autre être vivant actuel à l'ancêtre commun de toutes les cellules modernes, LUCA (the Last Universal Cellular Ancestor).

Spanish

Save record 34

Record 35 1999-05-27

English

Subject field(s)
  • Food Industries
  • Dyes and Pigments (Industries)
CONT

... discoveries that resulted in the development of aniline and the coal-tar dyes led eventually to many of the synthetic colors now added to food.

CONT

Prominent among [food coloring agents] are the... coal-tar colors certified for food use in the United States by the Food and Drug Administration. These and certain vegetable colors... have wide usage in butter and margarine, mustard and other condiments, candies... The greater variety, coloring value, and stability of synthetic, as compared to natural, colors favor their use in processed foods.

OBS

Although, technically, there is a distinction between the terms "dye" and "colour", according to Dr. Conacher, Food Research Division, Health and Welfare, they are used synonymously in literature about food additives.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Industrie de l'alimentation
  • Teintures et pigments (Industries)
CONT

En 1856 [...] William Perkin, observa en effet qu'en oxydant l'aniline impure [...] il se formait un colorant mauve [...] Stimulés par ce succès, d'autres chimistes soumirent l'aniline à l'action de divers oxydants, ou d'autres réactifs, et bientôt apparurent d'autres «colorants d'aniline». [...] Très vite, empiriquement, se développa une industrie qui utilisait comme matière première le goudron de houille : d'où les noms de colorants du goudron de houille ou de colorants d'aniline, quoique le goudron ne renferme aucun colorant.

Spanish

Save record 35

Record 36 1998-12-22

English

Subject field(s)
  • Foreign Trade
DEF

Person who endorses a "Promissory note" as a favor to the borrower, without compensation or benefit.

OBS

Commercial and literary use favors "endorse", legal "indorse".

OBS

for "endorser": When the purpose of endorsing is to guarantee payment of an instrument to the order of another, endorser corresponds to "avaliseur"; when the purpose is to transfer title to an instrument in one’s own order, endorser corresponds to "endosseur".

OBS

for "guarantor": The term guarantor is used in English to denote persons secondarily liable for the payment of a) the debts of another or b) a negotiable instrument which he has endorsed without passing into possession of it. Only in the latter case is the corresponding French term "avaliseur"; in the former instance the French rendering would be "caution".

Key term(s)
  • anomalous endorser
  • anomalous indorser
  • indorser

French

Domaine(s)
  • Commerce extérieur
DEF

Personne qui s'oblige à acquitter un effet de commerce en cas de défaillance du souscripteur (dans le cas d'un billet), ou bien du tiré ou du tireur (dans le cas d'une traite).

OBS

L'aval est généralement donné sur l'effet par la mention bon pour aval, suivi de la signature de l'avaliseur (ou par la seule signature de l'avaliseur) apposée au recto de l'effet.

Spanish

Campo(s) temático(s)
  • Comercio exterior
DEF

Aquel que efectúa el endoso de efectos de comercio u otros títulos valores.

Save record 36

Record 37 1995-06-08

English

Subject field(s)
  • Artificial Intelligence
  • Continuing Education
CONT

Tutorial expertise must include information about specific misconceptions people often develop in a particular domain, as well as processes and strategies to handle them. Indeed, many misconceptions are domain-specific and shared by many individuals, and this speaks in favor of a model-driven approach to diagnosis. But misconceptions present common patterns and thus can often be traced to deeper misconceptions, like overgeneralizations or cheap metaphors. This could warrant a more data-driven approach. At any rate, each type of conceptual error must be approached with a specific strategy, and this knowledge must be part of the tutor. Knowledge about misconceptions must be coupled with a powerful diagnostic process, since there is no simple mapping between misconceptions and surface manifestations.

CONT

Experiments trying to prove the efficiency of some tutoring strategy across the curriculum have generally showed that tutoring knowledge is partially domain-specific.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Intelligence artificielle
  • Éducation permanente
OBS

Expertise pédagogique du module tuteur.

Spanish

Save record 37

Record 38 1995-05-11

English

Subject field(s)
  • Phraseology
  • Informatics
DEF

Technical jargon such as computer lingo.

CONT

In his book Technobabble, John Barry compares such jargon with rock bands. Some rise quickly to immense popularity, only to fall as quickly out of favor. Only a small percentage establish themselves as a permanent and enduring part of society.

CONT

To speak technobabble.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Phraséologie
  • Informatique

Spanish

Save record 38

Record 39 1994-05-27

English

Subject field(s)
  • Psychology (General)
  • Mental Disorders
DEF

Individual idiosyncratic reactions to comparatively small quantities of a drug, which take the form of acute, brief psychotic states of any type.

OBS

Not to be confused with "physiological side-effects of drugs" or "expected brief psychotic reactions to hallucinogens (bad trips)" (305.3).

OBS

The English term "drug" has a less restrictive meaning than its French cognate "drogue". In English it not only conveys the meaning of any substance, whether legally available or not, which causes addiction, but also that of any substance intended for use in the treatment of a disease with or without a prescription. In French the primary meaning is that of an illicit substance, despite a more generic use found in legal contexts(Food and Drugs Act=Loi des aliments et drogues). Intrinsically more specific, the French favor the use of "produit pharmaceutique" and "médicament", as well as derivatives thereof, e. g. "pharmacodépendance, toxicomanie, etc. Consequently, in the case of "pathological drug intoxication", the use of "drogue"(i. e. substance that causes addiction) is not entirely inappropriate.

Key term(s)
  • 292.2

French

Domaine(s)
  • Psychologie (Généralités)
  • Troubles mentaux
DEF

Réactions à des quantités de drogue relativement faibles liées à des prédispositions individuelles et qui peuvent prendre la forme de brefs états psychotiques aigus de n'importe quel type.

OBS

Ne pas confondre avec «brèves réactions psychotiques aux hallucinogènes (mauvais voyages)» (305.3) ou «effets physiologiques secondaires des drogues».

Key term(s)
  • 292.2
  • forme pathologique d'intoxication par les médicaments
  • forme pathologique d'intoxication par les produits pharmaceutiques

Spanish

Save record 39

Record 40 1991-10-07

English

Subject field(s)
  • Neology and Linguistic Borrowing
DEF

Establishment of radical political ideals as new orthodoxy.

CONT

There is no conspiracy at work here, just a creed, a set of beliefs and expressions which students from places as diverse as Sarah Lawrence and San Francisco State recognize instantly as "PC"-politically correct.... The march of PC across American campuses has hardly been unopposed. On the contrary, it has provoked the most extreme reaction, from heartfelt defenses of the First Amendment to the end-of-the-world angst of the Rabelais scholar whose subject has just been dropped from the freshman lit course in favor of Toni Morrison.

OBS

An acronym formed by combining the two adjectives politically and correct.

OBS

A functional neologism, this acronym is used to describe a state of mind as well as a socio-political trend in American academic life.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Néologie et emprunts
OBS

orthodoxie politique.

Spanish

Save record 40

Record 41 1989-10-12

English

Subject field(s)
  • Stock Exchange
  • Investment
CONT

... a currency options writer should estimate the duration of an expected stable period before selecting an expiration month. Furthermore, the passage of time works against an option buyer and in favor of an option seller. As the time remaining to expiration of an option decreases, the buyer's option contract decreases in value, all other factors remaining unchanged.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Bourse
  • Investissements et placements
CONT

(...) le vendeur d'une option sur devises qui prévoit une période stable doit savoir en jauger la durée avant de choisir le mois d'échéance. Le temps joue en faveur du vendeur d'une option et contre l'acheteur. Si tous les autres facteurs demeurent constants, la valeur du contrat d'option de l'acheteur diminuera à mesure que l'échéance approchera.

Spanish

Save record 41

Record 42 1989-09-25

English

Subject field(s)
  • Artificial Intelligence
  • Continuing Education
DEF

Design process by which the didactic module is built around the diagnostic one.

CONT

Opportunistic pedagogical strategies favor a diagnosis-driven process where the monitored activities provide a focus for both diagnostic and didactic activities, but diagnosis is the driving force in that it reveals opportunities for tutorial interventions. Indeed, pedagogical goals are associated with diagnostic units such as issues or rules, and their attainment is monitored by differential modeling. Thus the extent to which tutoring is possible is determined by diagnosis, both quantitatively(the proportion of opportunities that are recognised) and qualitatively(the precision with which the reason for each intervention is identified).

OBS

Contrast with didactics-driver design.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Intelligence artificielle
  • Éducation permanente

Spanish

Save record 42

Record 43 1988-08-02

English

Subject field(s)
  • Artificial Intelligence
CONT

In Japan, TRON is the talk of the town. TRON... an acronym for "the real-time operating system nucleus" is a homegrown approach to computer architecture that is rapidly gaining favor with major manufactures. In essence it is a collection of computer specifications that aim to make it possible to connect distinct micro-processor based systems as one network.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Intelligence artificielle

Spanish

Save record 43

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