TERMIUM Plus®

The Government of Canada’s terminology and linguistic data bank.

AS HE THEN WAS [14 records]

Filter results by subject field Alphabetical list of terms

Filter results by subject field

Alphabetical list of terms

Record 1 2015-02-18

English

Subject field(s)
  • Property Law (common law)
DEF

... the lowest tenant; being he who was supposed to make avail, or profit of the land.

CONT

In the law of tenure, if A held land in fee of B, and B held the same land in fee of C, then C was the lord paramount, and he had the seignory paramount, as opposed to A, the tenant paravail, and B the mesne....

French

Domaine(s)
  • Droit des biens et de la propriété (common law)

Spanish

Save record 1

Record 2 2014-08-07

English

Subject field(s)
  • Aboriginal Law
CONT

On behalf of the majority of the Court, Dickson J(as he then was) wrote : Through the confirmation in the Indian Act of the historic responsibility which the Crown has undertaken, to act on behalf of the Indians so as to protect their interests in transactions with third parties, Parliament has conferred upon the Crown a discretion to decide for itself where the Indians’ best interests really lie.

OBS

Canupawakpa Dakota First Nation Inquiry Turtle Mountain Surrender Claim (July 2003).

French

Domaine(s)
  • Droit autochtone
CONT

Au nom de la majorité de la Cour, le juge Dickson (son titre à l'époque) écrit : En confirmant dans la Loi sur les Indiens cette responsabilité historique de Sa Majesté de représenter les Indiens afin de protéger leurs droits dans les opérations avec des tiers, le Parlement a conféré à Sa Majesté le pouvoir discrétionnaire de décider elle-même ce qui est vraiment le plus avantageux pour les Indiens.

OBS

Enquête sur la revendication de la Première Nation Dakota de Canupawakpa relative à la cession des Collines Turtle (Juillet 2003).

Spanish

Save record 2

Record 3 2012-10-05

English

Subject field(s)
  • PAJLO
  • Property Law (common law)
CONT

The "jus mereum", or mere right of property, without either possession or even the right of possession. (Ballentine’s, 3rd ed. 1969, p. 794)

OBS

"Right" is used by the old writers on real property law in the technical sense of a right which an owner of land had when he had been disseised, so that he had only the right of recovering possession either by entry or action. His estate was then said to be turned to a right....(I) f(he) further suffered a certain time to elapse, or had judgment given against him in a possessory action, he could no longer recover by possessory action, but only by an action on the right, meaning the right of ownership as opposed to the right to possession. Hence his estate was said to be turned to a mere, bare or naked right.(Jowitt's, 2nd ed., 1977, p. 1583)

French

Domaine(s)
  • PAJLO
  • Droit des biens et de la propriété (common law)
OBS

Acception stricte en droit des biens.

OBS

simple droit : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).

Spanish

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Record 4 2012-03-09

English

Subject field(s)
  • Chemical Elements and Compounds
DEF

A 98% pure form of acetic acid used in production of acetate fiber.

CONT

Glacial acetic acid is [a] pure compound [99.8% min.], as distinguished from the usual water solutions known as acetic acid, [which] crystallizes at 62°F.

CONT

Acetic acid is the most extensively used organic acid, and is obtained either by the oxidation of alcohol and aldehyde, or by the destructive distillation of wood and carbohydrates in general. This yields an impure pyroligneous vinegar, which is subsequently purified.... Stahl proposed in 1700 a method to obtain acetic acid from vinegar by exposing the latter substance to a freezing temperature, separating the ice from the stronger acid; another method he suggested was to neutralize with an alkali and to evaporate, then distilling with an equal amount of sulphuric acid. In 1759 Count de Lauraguais obtained a crystallized acetic acid in a distillate of cuprum acetate, then known as "copper spirit. "The name glacial acetic acid was affixed to this substance by Löwitz(1793), who repeatedly distilled diluted acetic acid with powdered charcoal, and obtained thereby a crystalline acid by subjecting the product to a low temperature.

OBS

In the context of spotting, glacial acetic must be diluted to a 5-7% concentration. Glacial acetic is extremely hazardous (toxic fumes, severe skin burns) and should not be used without special training, personal protective equipment (PPE), and under carefully controlled conditions.

OBS

glacial: glass-like, crystallized. This usage persists in terms such as glacial acetic acid and glacial phosphoric acid.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Éléments et composés chimiques
DEF

Acide acétique pur cristallisable vers 16 °C.

CONT

Le vinaigre est une solution d'acide acétique à 4-5 %; on peut acheter de l'acide acétique glacial à 99,5 % et le diluer à 2 %.

Spanish

Campo(s) temático(s)
  • Elementos y compuestos químicos
OBS

glacial: Dícese del ácido acético exento de agua y de los demás cuerpos cuyos cristales se asemejan a los del hielo o son susceptibles de cristabilizar como él, si son líquidos.

Save record 4

Record 5 2011-08-30

English

Subject field(s)
  • Information Processing (Informatics)
CONT

Leonard Adleman, a mathematician at the University of Southern California, combined microscopic bits of DNA to calculate a well-known computer problem. A DNA computer processes each step comparatively slowly, but it can work on billions of sites at once in a cell or a test tube. The standard computer problem that Adleman tackled in his lab is one that seeks a route connecting seven cities, some of which have no direct connections between them, in such a way that a hypothetical traveller arrives at each city only once without backtracking. He solved this puzzle by treating the chemical units of DNA as computing symbols, then assigning a series of symbols to each "city. "He then used DNAs natural affinity to join its strands together to create possible city-to-city sequences. In a test tube, very short bits of DNA zipped on to other bits, until all possible routes to the seven cities were assembled very rapidly. This sorting of codes serves as a type of computation even though the DNA was doing nothing unusual.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Traitement de l'information (Informatique)
CONT

Vers l'ordinateur à ADN [...] Face à un bogue, les puces déclencheront forcément la bonne réaction de la même façon que notre système immunitaire s'adapte à une nouvelle maladie. Du coup, certains informaticiens se prennent carrément à rêver au «DNA computing», un ordinateur constitué en partie de «briques» d'ADN.

Spanish

Campo(s) temático(s)
  • Tratamiento de la información (Informática)
DEF

Nanocomputadora (nano-ordenador) que usa ADN (ácido desoxirribonucleico) para almacenar información y realizar cálculos complejos.

Save record 5

Record 6 2010-05-25

English

Subject field(s)
  • Grain Growing
  • Milling and Cereal Industries
CONT

This famous wheat, commonly known as Red Fife or Scotch Fife in North America, is called "red" because that is its colour when fully ripe and "Fife" after David Fife, the Ontario farmer who was the first to grow it in North America when he sowed it on his farm in 1842. The story of how it got there has taken on aspects of myth and legend. It takes place at various locations across two continents : one often needs to look ahead in time, then back, to understand how it happened.(This section is based on Buller, Chapter III, sec. 23, p. 206-218).

French

Domaine(s)
  • Culture des céréales
  • Minoterie et céréales
CONT

En 1876, on expédiait le Red Fife du Manitoba à Minneapolis par rivière. La mouture traditionnelle a cédé la place à un nouveau procédé de mouture. Le «Flinty» Red Fife, qui prospérait dans les Prairies, était recherché pour sa farine supérieure, une farine très fine à teneur en protéines et rendement élevés. Le nouveau procédé se faisait à l'aide d'un sasseur et de cylindres en fer plutôt que de pierres pour moudre le blé. Dans les années 1880, l'expansion des chemins de fer et l'attrait des profits réalisés en semant le blé Red Fife ont encouragé les gens à s'installer dans les Prairies. Les chemins de fer ont lancé la manutention en vrac du grain.

Spanish

Campo(s) temático(s)
  • Cultivo de cereales
  • Molinería y cereales
Save record 6

Record 7 2009-01-23

English

Subject field(s)
  • Remote Sensing
  • Mathematical Geography
  • Photography
CONT

Uno Vilho Helava, [Finnish] inventor(born [in] 1923)... invented the analytical plotter for automatically drawing maps from photographs. Helava trained as a surveying engineer and came to Canada in 1953 as a research fellow in photogrammetry at the National Research Council. By 1957 he had patented a method of using computers to produce maps from aerial photographs automatically corrected for the curvature of the Earth and atmospheric distortion. The first prototype was built in 1963 using the analogue computer then available... In the late 1970s(digital) microcomputers made the Helava system much cheaper, and several hundred plotters have been built. Because of its affinity with other technologies..., the Helava system is expected to become the world's standard method of making maps by the end of the century.

CONT

Stereo Photogrammetry. Aerial photography.- Precision DEMs [digital elevation models] are now being acquired by commercial groups using soft photogrammetric digital workstations, such as the Helava system.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Télédétection
  • Géographie mathématique
  • Photographie
CONT

Uno Vilho Helava, inventeur [finlandais] [né en] 1923) [...] invente le restituteur analytique permettant de dessiner automatiquement des cartes géographiques à partir de photographies. Après avoir reçu une formation d'ingénieur-arpenteur, il vient au Canada en 1953 comme attaché de recherche en photogrammétrie au Conseil national de recherches du Canada. Dès 1957, il fait breveter une méthode pour produire, à l'aide d'ordinateurs et à partir de photos aériennes, des cartes géographiques automatiquement corrigées pour tenir compte de la rotondité de la Terre et de la distorsion atmosphérique. Le prototype est construit en 1963 à l'aide de l'ordinateur analogique alors disponible [...] À la fin des années 70, l'avènement du micro-ordinateur (numérique) réduit de beaucoup les coûts du système Helava et on fabrique des centaines d'appareils. En raison de sa compatibilité avec d'autres technologies [...], on prévoit que, d'ici à la fin du XXe siècle, le système Helava sera la norme dans le monde entier pour la conception de cartes géographiques.

OBS

système Helava : terme en usage à Ressources naturelles Canada - Secteur des sciences de la Terre.

Spanish

Save record 7

Record 8 2007-05-22

English

Subject field(s)
  • Cycling
  • Track and Field
CONT

I went out comfortable the first 400. Then I got boxed in. I didn’t even know I was going to get boxed in. I was waiting for Nate Brannen to make his move so I could make my move, but he never made his move. As soon as I saw that opening, I took off.

CONT

For the first three laps. O’Brien was boxed in by the leaders and sat in fourth-place. After the first turn of the final lap, he began his kick and overcame the leaders for the winning time of 1:53.48.

OBS

Technique/tactics.

PHR

box in a runner.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Cyclisme
  • Athlétisme
CONT

Je n'ai pas foncé à fond au cours de la course, mais je me suis assurée de demeurer devant tout le monde, a dit Petitclerc, deuxième aux Jeux d'Atlanta en 1996 et sixième à Sydney. Je savais que les deux Australiennes allaient travailler ensembles pour tenter de m'enfermer. Je ne suis pas seulement contente d'avoir gagner, mais aussi du fait de l'avoir fait en faisant une si bonne course. Je me suis dit toute la semaine que j'allais gagner cette médaille.

OBS

Technique/tactique.

PHR

enfermer un coureur.

Spanish

Save record 8

Record 9 2005-03-01

English

Subject field(s)
  • Non-Gov. Provincial Bodies and Committees (Canadian)
  • Hunting and Sport Fishing
OBS

The British Columbia Trappers Association was formed in 1945 as an association of registered trappers. It is the oldest trappers association in Canada. In order to protect species from over harvesting, in 1926, the Province was divided into registered traplines. Traplines are then sold to a trapper so that he/she is the only person with the right to trap furbearing animals inside this area.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Organismes et comités provinciaux non gouv. canadiens
  • Chasse et pêche sportive

Spanish

Save record 9

Record 10 2003-05-27

English

Subject field(s)
  • Legal Actions
  • Penal Law
CONT

Where an accused was to stand trial before the court of general sessions of the peace, he could consent to have his trial held before a judge of that court sitting alone out of session. It was hoped that, with this option, an accused who was detained after a committal for trial would not have to languish in prison awaiting the next session of the court. The accused was therefore permitted to re-elect in order to undergo what was termed a "speedy trial" under Part XVIII(as it then was) of the Code.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Actions en justice
  • Droit pénal
CONT

Un accusé qui devait subir son procès devant la Cour des sessions générales de la paix pouvait, de son consentement, être jugé par un juge de cette cour hors du terme des assises. Cette disposition avait pour but d'éviter qu'une personne citée à procès et détenue, ne soit contrainte d'attendre en prison l'ouverture du terme de la Cour, pour qu'il soit disposé de son cas. On permettait donc à l'accusé de réopter pour subir ce que la partie XVIII de l'ancien Code désignait comme procès expéditif (speedy trial).

Spanish

Campo(s) temático(s)
  • Acciones judiciales
  • Derecho penal
Save record 10

Record 11 2001-05-29

English

Subject field(s)
  • Food Industries
  • Chocolate and Confectionery
CONT

The Invention of Dutch Cocoa. Coenraad Van Houten, a chemist and chocolate manufacturer in Amsterdam, patented an invention that was soon to change chocolate from a beverage to a confection. He had devised a process for making chocolate powder by using hydraulic pressure to remove almost half of the cocoa butter from chocolate liquor. This reduced the fat content from over 50% to about 25%, and made a hard cake that could be pulverized. Then, in order to make this powder easier to mix into warm water, he treated it with alkaline salts, which also made the color darker and removed some of the bitterness. This treatment came to be known as "Dutching. "

Key term(s)
  • Dutch cocoa powder
  • soluble cocoa

French

Domaine(s)
  • Industrie de l'alimentation
  • Confiserie et chocolaterie
DEF

Poudre de cacao ayant subi un traitement à l'ammoniaque, ou par une base, pour en faciliter la dispersion dans les boissons chocolatées.

CONT

Le procédé mécanique par lequel on transforme le tourteau de cacao en poudre de cacao s'appelle le blutage. Lorsque la liqueur de cacao a été traitée avant pressage par des sels alcalins, la poudre de cacao obtenue est dite «solubilisée». Dans ce cas, on parle de cacao solubilisé.

OBS

Le terme «poudre de cacao» désigne le cacao non solubilisé. «Cacao» comme synonyme de «poudre de cacao» est un abus terminologique dans la mesure où cacao désigne la poudre non solubilisée et où «poudre de cacao» englobe les deux notions (solubilisée ou non solubilisée).

Spanish

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Record 12 2001-04-26

English

Subject field(s)
  • Law of Estates (common law)
CONT

The office of executor... is not on all fours with that of a trustee and on that account in most wills persons are appointed "executor and trustee"... If an "executor and trustee" dies without appointing an executor and he is the sole surviving executor of the testator, whether or not his administrator is entitled to complete the trusts interrupted by the executor's death will depend on whether or not the executor was, as to the property concerned, still an executor, or whether, having completed the duties of executor, he had become a trustee. If he was a trustee, then until the appointment of new trustees, the administrator of his estate may, by statute, carry on the trusts.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Droit successoral (common law)
OBS

exécuteur testamentaire : Personne à qui l'auteur d'un testament a confié le soin de veiller à l'exécution de celui-ci.

Spanish

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Record 13 1994-01-14

English

Subject field(s)
  • Legal System
  • Penal Law
CONT

... the accused had been convicted at trial of the then crimes of rape and unlawful carnal knowledge of a female under 14 years of age. The Supreme Court of Canada, in a decision rendered by Laskin J., as he then was, ruled that a conviction on the latter charge could not stand, as being contrary to the rule against multiple convictions.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Théorie du droit
  • Droit pénal
CONT

Kienapple, à l'issue du procès, avait été déclaré coupable des crimes de viol et de rapports sexuels illicites avec une personne du sexe féminin âgée de moins de quatorze ans (suivant les textes d'incrimination en vigueur à l'époque). La Cour suprême, dans une décision rendue par le juge Laskin (alors juge puîné), a conclu que la déclaration de culpabilité sur le deuxième chef d'accusation ne pouvait être maintenue, à cause de la règle relative aux déclarations de culpabilité multiples.

Spanish

Save record 13

Record 14 1990-02-15

English

Subject field(s)
  • Education Theory and Methods
  • Computer Programs and Programming
CONT

At the University of Sheffield..., a system called skip branching was developed(Kay and Sime, 1963). Here the learner tackled a fairly large unit of information first(as in the Crowder system), but made a written response(as in the Skinner system). If the response was correct, the learner moved on to the next major unit of information. If the learner was incorrect, he worked through a linear subsequence of small items... until he eventually arrived at the next main item, where this procedure was then repeated.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Théories et méthodes pédagogiques
  • Programmes et programmation (Informatique)
DEF

Méthode (...) consistant à intercaler entre deux items de la chaîne principale [d'un programme linéaire] un sous-programme permettant un apprentissage programmé, piste nécessaire pour franchir la principale difficulté induite par l'item principal précédent sur lequel achopperait un pourcentage relativement important d'élèves, d'étudiants ou de formés.

CONT

La méthode de "dérivation" (Skip branching). Certains chercheurs britanniques proposent de présenter les programmes selon une méthode qui tient à la fois du linéaire et du ramifié. (...) La séquence principale est suivie par l'élève qui répond positivement à toutes les questions. S'il ne trouve pas de réponse à un des éléments, il lui est présenté une séquence secondaire (...) qui lui explique plus en détail l'information initiale. Ce sous-programme ne lui donne pas une information complémentaire (comme dans un programme ramifié), mais abaisse simplement le niveau de complexité de l'information primitive.

Spanish

Save record 14

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