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Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Any of several intracellular proteases that have a cysteine residue at their active site, that cleave substrate proteins at specific aspartic acid residues, and that are involved in the initiation and mediation of apoptosis.  3, record 1, English, - caspase

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Protéase à cystéine qui, en hydrolysant des liaisons peptidiques qui sont situées après un aspartate, joue un rôle essentiel dans l’apoptose, dans les phénomènes inflammatoires ou dans la réponse immunitaire.  1, record 1, French, - caspase

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

caspase : terme et définition publiés au Journal officiel de la République française le 19 septembre 2015.  2, record 1, French, - caspase

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Proteins usually are almost neutral molecules; that is, they have neither acidic nor basic properties. This means that the acidic carboxyl(-COO-) groups of aspartic and glutamic acid are about equal in number to the amino acids with basic side chains. Three such basic amino acids, each containing six carbon atoms, occur in proteins. The one with the simplest structure, lysine, is synthesized by plants but not by animals. Even some plants have a low lysine content.  9, record 2, English, - L%2Dlysine

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Lys and K are abbreviations used to denote the amino acid lysine in protein sequences and elsewhere.  10, record 2, English, - L%2Dlysine

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

L-lysine: form recommended by the IUPAC (International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry) for the systematic name corresponding to the CAS number indicated on the present record.  11, record 2, English, - L%2Dlysine

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 2 OBS

l: The small letter "l" used as a prefix must be italicized.  11, record 2, English, - L%2Dlysine

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 3 OBS

L; S: These letters used as prefixes are small capitals.  11, record 2, English, - L%2Dlysine

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 4 OBS

alpha; epsilon: These words must be replaced by the corresponding Greek letter or italicized.  11, record 2, English, - L%2Dlysine

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 5 OBS

Chemical formula: C₆H₁₄N₂O₂  12, record 2, English, - L%2Dlysine

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La L-lysine est un des 20 acides aminés les plus courants constituant les protéines. Elle possède une chaîne latérale basique avec une fonction amine NH2 et quatre groupements CH2 sur celle-ci. C'est un acide aminé indispensable.  5, record 2, French, - L%2Dlysine

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 2 CONT

La lysine est un acide aminé essentiel dans l'alimentation des hommes et des animaux non ruminants; elle ne peut être synthétisée par leur organisme et doit donc être ajoutée à l'alimentation.  6, record 2, French, - L%2Dlysine

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

L-lysine : forme recommandée par l'UICPA (Union internationale de chimie pure et appliquée) pour le nom systématique correspondant au numéro CAS indiqué sur la présente fiche.  4, record 2, French, - L%2Dlysine

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 2 OBS

l : La lettre «l» minuscule utilisée comme préfixe s'écrit en italique.  4, record 2, French, - L%2Dlysine

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 3 OBS

L; S : Ces lettres utilisées comme préfixes sont des petites majuscules.  4, record 2, French, - L%2Dlysine

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 4 OBS

alpha; epsilon : Ces mots doivent être remplacés par la lettre grecque correspondante ou s'écrire en italique.  4, record 2, French, - L%2Dlysine

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 5 OBS

Formule chimique : C₆H₁₄N₂O₂  7, record 2, French, - L%2Dlysine

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La lisina (abreviada Lys o K), o L-lisina, es un aminoácido de entre los 9 esenciales para los seres humanos (esencial significa que no es sintetizado por las células humanas, y por tanto debe ingerirse con la dieta). Existen dos rutas conocidas para la biosíntesis de este aminoácido. La primera se lleva a cabo en bacterias y plantas superiores, a través del ácido diaminopimélico, y la segunda en la mayoría de hongos superiores, mediante el ácido a-aminoadípico.  2, record 2, Spanish, - lisina

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Fórmula química: C₆H₁₄N₂O₂  3, record 2, Spanish, - lisina

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

... a low-calorie sweetener made by joining two protein components, aspartic acid and phenylalanine, [which is used] in a variety of foods and beverages and as a tabletop sweetener, [and which is] about 200 times sweeter than sugar.  5, record 3, English, - aspartame

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Commercialized under the names of NutraSweet, Tri-Sweet.  6, record 3, English, - aspartame

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Chemical formula: C₁₄H₁₈N₂O₅  7, record 3, English, - aspartame

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 3 OBS

The letter "N" is italicized, the letter "L" is a small capital, and the word "alpha" must be replaced by the corresponding Greek letter or italicized.  8, record 3, English, - aspartame

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Composé chimique préparé à partir d'acide aspartique et de phénylalanine. Édulcorant.  4, record 3, French, - aspartame

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Certaines sources considèrent le mot «aspartame» féminin.  4, record 3, French, - aspartame

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Formule chimique : C₁₄H₁₈N₂O₅  5, record 3, French, - aspartame

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 3 OBS

La lettre «N» majuscule s'écrit en italique, la lettre «L» majuscule s'écrit en petite capitale et le mot «alpha» doit être remplacé par la lettre grecque correspondante ou être écrit en italique.  2, record 3, French, - aspartame

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Fórmula química : C₁₄H₁₈N₂O₅  2, record 3, Spanish, - aspartamo

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Triggered conformational changes ... are the motions of groups of atoms (i.e. individual side-chains) or whole sections of a protein (i.e. loops of chain, domains of secondary and tertiary structure, or subunit), which occur as a response to a specific stimulus. The distance moved can be as much as 10 [angstrom unit] or more. The time scale can be estimated by studies of the rate of binding or turnover reactions. The energy for triggered conformational change comes from specific interactions, such as electrostatic attractions or hydrogen bonding interactions. The best-known example of a triggered conformational change is the transition in tertiary structure that occurs when ligands bind to the iron atoms of hemoglobin.  1, record 4, English, - triggered%20conformational%20change

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The types of substances whose binding can trigger a specific conformational change include substrates(dihydroxyacetone phosphate in triose phosphate isomerase), coenzymes(NAD binding to lactate dehydrogenase), allosteric effectors(CTP and ATP in aspartic transcarbamylase), inhibitors(statine-containing polypeptide inhibitors of acid proteases) and even protons(the Bohr effect in hemoglobin; pH-dependent conformational changes in adenylate kinase).  1, record 4, English, - triggered%20conformational%20change

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Modification de la conformation des protéines provoquée par la fixation de ligands à leur surface. Parmi ces ligands, notons les substrats, activateurs, inhibiteurs et coenzymes.  2, record 4, French, - changement%20de%20conformation%20prot%C3%A9ique%20induit

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In the case of zinc, the most common chelates fall into two categories. The first category is organic acids. These chelates include picolinic acid, orotic acid, citric acid and gluconic acid. The second category is amino acids. This category includes methionine, monomethionine, and aspartic acid. When supplements contain zinc in these chelated forms, the supplement label will usually read : zinc picolinate, zinc orotate, zinc gluconate, zinc monomethionine, and so forth.  1, record 5, English, - zinc%20picolinate

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... and are the world's most important textile fiber. Purified wood cellulose(from... serine, cystine(cysteine), aspartic acid(aspartate), asparagine...  1, record 6, English, - asparagine

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 DEF

An enzyme which catalyses the conversion of asparagine to other compounds(aspartic acid plus ammonia).  1, record 7, English, - asparaginase

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Hydrolase agissant sur l'asparagine pour la dédoubler en acide aspartique et ammoniac; très répandue (bactéries, levures, tissus animaux).  1, record 7, French, - asparaginase

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 8,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 DEF

An aliphatic, polar alpha amino acid that is the amide of aspartic acid.  1, record 8, English, - asparagine

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Aspartic acid is the direct precursor of asparagine, in a reaction catalyzed by asparagine synthetase.  3, record 8, English, - asparagine

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Asn AspNH₂ and N are abbreviations for asparagine.  2, record 8, English, - asparagine

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Acide aminé constitutif des protéines, formé à partir de l'acide aspartique par l'asparagine synthétase et détruit par l'asparaginase.  1, record 8, French, - asparagine

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Certains troubles pathologiques résultent d'une déficience en un système enzymatique donné. Or, l'administration répétée d'enzymes dans un organisme animal ou humain se heurte à des difficultés de deux ordres : destruction par les protéases et réactions immunologiques antigènes-anticorps, qui font chuter rapidement l'activité de l'enzyme. L'inclusion dans des microcapsules, en isolant le biocatalyseur du milieu environnant, permet de prolonger son action. Une telle méthode a été testée dans le traitement du lymphosarcome induit chez la souris. Les cellules cancéreuses, incapables de synthétiser l'asparagine doivent trouver cet acide aminé nécessaire à leur croissance, dans leur environnement. L'injection intrapéritonéale de microcapsules renfermant une asparaginase, freine le développement de la tumeur en réduisant la quantité d'asparagine disponible.  3, record 8, French, - asparagine

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Asn, Asp-NH₂ et N sont des abréviations pour désigner l'asparagine.  2, record 8, French, - asparagine

Record 8,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 9,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

It should be kept in mind that the catalysts used in many chemical processes has half lives of months or years, often at very high temperatures and pressures. The catalytic half lives of several immobilized cell systems also are very respectable : 120 days(aspartic acid production), more than 50 days(malic acid production), more than 270 days(malic acid degradation), and 60 days(glucose isomerization).  1, record 9, English, - catalytic%20half%2Dlife

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Il ne faut pas perdre de vue que les catalyseurs utilisés dans de nombreux procédés chimiques ont des demi-vies qui se comptent en mois ou en années, souvent à des températures et à des pressions très élevées. Les demi-vies catalytiques de plusieurs systèmes à cellules immobilisées sont également très respectable : 120 jours (production d'acide aspartique), plus de 50 jours (production d'acide malique), plus de 270 jours (dégradation de l'acide malique) et 60 jours (isomérisation du glucose).  1, record 9, French, - demi%2Dvie%20catalytique

Record 9,  Textual support,  Spanish