TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A solution that conforms to Raoult's law over all ranges of temperature and concentration and shows no internal energy change on mixing and no attractive force between components.  2, record 1, English, - ideal%20solution

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Deux liquides, dont les structures moléculaires sont apparentées (exemple hexane n et heptane n) peuvent former une solution idéale. Ils sont alors miscibles en toutes proportions. En outre, la tension de vapeur de chaque constituant, à température donnée, est proportionnelle à sa fraction molaire dans la solution et la tension de vapeur totale s'exprime en fonction des tensions de vapeur des constituants purs [...] Cette relation traduit une loi découverte par Raoult (en 1888) par voie expérimentale.  2, record 1, French, - solution%20id%C3%A9ale

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[...] para una solución ideal donde cada componente puro tiene una presión de vapor diferente, la fase gaseosa se enriquece en el componente con la presión de vapor pura más alta y la solución se enriquece en el componente con la presión de vapor pura más baja.  1, record 1, Spanish, - soluci%C3%B3n%20ideal

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Laser force microscope senses topography by moving a tungsten or silicon probe across a sample(typically a microelectronic component) at a height of a few nanometers. The tip is set vibrating at close to its resonance frequency. Attractive forces... called van der Waals attractions and the surface tension of water that condenses between tip and sample, pull on the tip, changing its resonance frequency and so reducing its vibration amplitude. The variation in the forces, and hence in tip travel, reveals surface relief. A laser probe tracks the tip by means of a beam that is split into two. One of the beams is reflected through a stationary prism; the other passes through a Bragg cell--a device that shifts the beam's frequency--and is reflected from the back of the probe. The beams are recombined, and their interference produces a signal(at the Bragg-cell frequency) that measures the tip vibration.  1, record 2, English, - laser%20force%20microscope

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 PHR

Scanning laser force microscope.  2, record 2, English, - laser%20force%20microscope

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Since 1995, the noncontact atomic force microscope(NC-AFM) has achieved remarkable progress. Based on nanomechanical methods, the NC-AFM detects the weak attractive force between the tip of a cantilever and a sample surface. This method has the following characteristics : it has true atomic resolution; it can measure atomic force interactions...  1, record 3, English, - noncontact%20atomic%20force%20microscope

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Microscope AFM en régime de non-contact (NC) avec détection par modulation de fréquence. Dans ce type d'instrument, la sonde oscille à sa fréquence propre de l'ordre de 40 kHz. Lorsque la sonde se trouve à proximité immédiate d'une surface de référence, les effets des forces de Van der Waals modifient légèrement cette oscillation. La détection de ces modulations permet de desceller la structure subnanométrique de la surface de référence (l'échantillon). Sont inclus des scanners à tube piezo pour le NC-AFM avec amplificateurs haute tension.  2, record 3, French, - microscope%20%C3%A0%20force%20atomique%20en%20mode%20non%2Dcontact

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Dans le mode non-contact, la pointe [du microscope] est attirée. Les forces attractives étant très faibles, il faut travailler au froid et sous vide pour éviter l’humidité et l’agitation thermique.  1, record 3, French, - microscope%20%C3%A0%20force%20atomique%20en%20mode%20non%2Dcontact

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

El microscopio de fuerza atómica o AFM por sus siglas en inglés, muestrea la superficie mediante una punta muy pequeña de unos pocos micrones de largo y un diámetro más pequeño aún, de unos diez nanómetros. [...] Las fuerzas que actúan sobre el cantilever son varias. Una de ellas es la fuerza de Van der Waals que ocurre entre átomos. Esta fuerza puede ser de atracción o de repulsión, dependiendo de la distancia entre los átomos. Esto da lugar a dos modos de operación, el modo con contacto y modo sin contacto. En el modo con contacto el cantilever se sitúa a unos pocos angstroms de la superficie y la fuerza interatómica es de repulsión. En el modo sin contacto la punta se mantiene a decenas o cientos de angstroms de la superficie y las fuerzas son de atracción.  2, record 3, Spanish, - microscopio%20de%20fuerza%20at%C3%B3mica%20en%20modo%20sin%20contacto

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 2 CONT

El principio de funcionamiento del microscopio de fuerza magnética es, en principio, el de un AFM en régimen de no contacto: un soporte flexible fijado a un extremo y una punta montada en el otro extremo.  4, record 3, Spanish, - microscopio%20de%20fuerza%20at%C3%B3mica%20en%20modo%20sin%20contacto

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

En el modo “sin contacto” el cantilever oscila a una frecuencia próxima a la resonancia y son las interacciones electrostáticas entre punta y muestra las que modifican la oscilación del cantilever (en frecuencia, amplitud o fase).  5, record 3, Spanish, - microscopio%20de%20fuerza%20at%C3%B3mica%20en%20modo%20sin%20contacto

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 2 OBS

AFM: por su sigla en inglés (atomic force microscope).  6, record 3, Spanish, - microscopio%20de%20fuerza%20at%C3%B3mica%20en%20modo%20sin%20contacto

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A liquid magnet.... The melt of an alloy(Co80-Pd20) which is ferromagnetic in the solid state at room temperature was undercooled below its melting point. The freely suspended droplet(diameter approx. 7 mm)-processed in the coil of an electromagnetic levitation facility-was attracted by a permanent magnet when the temperature approached the Curie temperature(lower picture). The attractive force depends on the temperature in a way characteristic for ferromagnetic materials. This appears to be the first demonstration for the possible existence of long-range magnetic order even in a liquid.  1, record 4, English, - liquid%20magnet

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Dépôts sous vides [...] [réalisés] sur un fluide et qui permettent d'obtenir, si on ne brasse pas le fluide récepteur, des feuilles métalliques ultra-minces (submicrométriques).  1, record 4, French, - aimant%20liquid

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The attractive force by which all bodies tend to move towards the centre of the Earth.  2, record 5, English, - gravity

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Force qui entraîne les corps vers le centre de la Terre.  1, record 5, French, - pesanteur

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Resultante de la fuerza de la gravitación y la fuerza centrífuga debida a la rotación del cuerpo considerado.  1, record 5, Spanish, - gravedad

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

An attractive force between atoms, ions or molecules which is strong enough to allow the combined aggregate to function as a unit.  3, record 6, English, - chemical%20bond

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Among the main types of bonds recognized, the metallic, covalent, ionic, and bridge bonds may be cited.  3, record 6, English, - chemical%20bond

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 2 OBS

chemical bond: term standardized by ISO.  4, record 6, English, - chemical%20bond

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Nom générique donné aux différentes interactions qui s'établissent au sein de la matière entre atomes, ions et molécules.  3, record 6, French, - liaison%20chimique

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

On distingue les liaisons métalliques, ioniques ou polaires, homopolaires ou covalentes, résiduelles ou de Van der Waals.  2, record 6, French, - liaison%20chimique

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 2 OBS

liaison chimique : terme normalisé par l'ISO.  4, record 6, French, - liaison%20chimique

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The strong attractive force that links two atoms of a chemical compound. The first explanations of the nature of these bonds were advanced by G. N. Lewis and W. Kossel. Two major types of bonds were proposed. 1. The ionic or electrovalent bond(following the transfer of one or more electrons from one atom to another to create ions). 2. The covalent bond(a bond that results when atoms share electrons). The central idea in their work on bonds is that atoms without electronic configurations of noble gases generally react in way that produces such configurations.  2, record 7, English, - chemical%20bond

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Enzymes act by binding together on their surfaces the potential partners of a chemical reaction, thus greatly speeding up the rates at which these reactants can collide and undergo a chemical reaction. In enzyme-catalyzed reactions, certain key atoms of the enzyme often directly participate by temporarily forming chemical bonds with the participating reagents (called enzyme substrates), thereby forming metastable chemical intermediates that have a heightened potential for chemical reactivity.  3, record 7, English, - chemical%20bond

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Interactions d'origine électrique dues à la présence de charges positives et négatives (noyaux et électrons) au sein de ces atomes ou de ces ions.  2, record 7, French, - liaison%20chimique

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Il est particulièrement important, du double point de vue doctrinal et pratique, de connaître les forces qui maintiennent ensemble l'édifice délicat d'une molécule protéinique. [...] Les liaisons chimiques, réalisées par une force d'attraction entre les atomes d'un aminoacide ou entre les atomes d'aminoacides différents, sont variées. Elles sont caractérisées par plusieurs paramètres, dont les plus importants sont la force, le rayon (reliant les centres des deux atomes), le degré de rotation des atomes entre lesquels la liaison s'établit et, dans certains cas, la spécificité. La rupture d'une liaison nécessite un apport d'énergie, dont la quantité est l'équivalent de l'énergie de la liaison. Plus cette énergie est élevée et plus courte est la distance entre les centres de deux atomes qui se combinent.  3, record 7, French, - liaison%20chimique

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 8,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The K_m value for ficin immobilized by peptide binding with CM-cellulose azide decreased by 1/10 compared with that of the native enzyme, when benzoyl-L-arginine ethyl ester(BAEE) was used as a substrate. This decrease can be explained in terms of an increase of electrostatic attractive force between the polyanionic carrier, CM-cellulose, and positively charged substrate, BAEE, so that the substrate concentration in the immobilized enzyme region becomes higher than that in the external solution.  1, record 8, English, - polyanionic%20carrier

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Dans le cas des enzymes immobilisées sur support solide, il faut remarquer que lorsque l'on augmente la force ionique des solutions, le phénomène de déplacement du pH optimal est de moins en moins important, par suite de l'effet d'écran provenant de la teneur élevée en sels. (...) LEVIN constate que, pour I = 2M, la trypsine immobilisée sur un support polyanionique présente un déplacement de pH optimal beaucoup moins marqué vers les milieux basiques que pour I = 5,8.10^-3M.  2, record 8, French, - support%20polyanionique

Record 8,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 11,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The attractive force exerted by a surface.  2, record 11, English, - surface%20energy

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The higher the surface energy, the greater the tendency of a liquid to spread across the surface. Inks will generally have better adhesion on high surface energy substrates.  2, record 11, English, - surface%20energy

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Term extracted from the Vocabulaire de la flexographie of France Brodeur and reproduced with the authorization of the Institut des communications graphiques du Québec.  3, record 11, English, - surface%20energy

Record 11,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Valeur de la tension à la surface d'un support qui facilite ou empêche l'étalement de l'encre sur le support.  1, record 11, French, - %C3%A9nergie%20de%20surface

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Terme et définition tirés du Vocabulaire de la flexographie de France Brodeur. Reproduction autorisée par l'Institut des communications graphiques du Québec.  2, record 11, French, - %C3%A9nergie%20de%20surface

Record 11,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 12,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The attractive force between the same kinds of molecules(i. e., the force that holds the molecules of a substance together).  2, record 12, English, - cohesion

Record 12,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Force d'attraction entre atomes ou entre molécules, à l'intérieur d'une même phase.  2, record 12, French, - coh%C3%A9sion

Record 12,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Unión íntima entre las moléculas de un cuerpo, especialmente intensa en sólidos y líquidos.  1, record 12, Spanish, - cohesi%C3%B3n

Record 13,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A force which forms bonds between particles and/or clusters.  3, record 13, English, - attractive%20force

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Two approaching particles do not stick necessarily even if there exists a short range attractive force between them, because a repulsive barrier in the interaction potential may prevent the particles from forming a bond.  4, record 13, English, - attractive%20force

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Contrast with repelling force, repulsion force. See fractal attractor, strange attractor and chaotic attractor.  3, record 13, English, - attractive%20force

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Attractive force field(basin).  5, record 13, English, - attractive%20force

Record 13,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Propriété des cellules ou des particules à l'intérieur d'un bassin d'attraction d'être attirées vers un attracteur.  3, record 13, French, - attractivit%C3%A9

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 PHR

exercer, subir une force d'attraction.  3, record 13, French, - attractivit%C3%A9

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 2 PHR

attractivité électrostatique, gravitationnelle, interspécifique, intraspécifique, magnétique, universelle.  3, record 13, French, - attractivit%C3%A9

Record 13,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 14,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A type of bond formed when a hydrogen atom bonded to atom A in one molecule makes an additional bond to atom B either in the same or another molecule.  2, record 14, English, - hydrogen%20bond

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 CONT

hydrogen-containing substances... can only be brought logically into the Lewis Scheme by appealing to the fact that the reaction between a proton acid, which may be designated as XH, and a base, denoted by B, passes through an intermediate hydrogen-bonded state X-H... B(in which the dotted line indicates a hydrogen-bond, a relatively weak secondary attractive force).  3, record 14, English, - hydrogen%20bond

Record 14,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Force d'origine électrostatique intermédiaire entre la liaison ionique et la force Van der Waals, que l'on rencontre chez les corps à constante diélectrique élevée H₂O, HCN, H₂O₂, HF, etc., et responsable d'un grand nombre de propriétés physiques et chimiques.  2, record 14, French, - liaison%20hydrog%C3%A8ne

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[...] au cours de la neutralisation, il se forme d'abord un composé moléculaire entre l'acide et la base (l'un des deux partenaires pouvant être une molécule de solvant). Ce composé résulte en fait de l'établissement d'une liaison hydrogène entre l'atome H de l'acide et l'atome donneur d'électrons de la base; [...].  1, record 14, French, - liaison%20hydrog%C3%A8ne

Record 14,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 15,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 DEF

An instrument for measuring the force, either attractive or repulsive, between two objects that are magnetized, or between a magnet and a magnetic substance. The device can also be employed for measuring the intensity of a magnetic field, either from a permanent magnet, an electromagnet, or from the earth itself.  2, record 15, English, - magnetic%20balance

Record 15,  Textual support,  French

Record 15,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 16,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 DEF

That region surrounding the nucleus near the maximum of the potential energy for a positively charged particle. The combined effects of the long-range repulsive Coulomb force and the short-range attractive nuclear force result in that maximum in the potential energy.  2, record 16, English, - Coulomb%20barrier

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Term standardized by ISO and ANSI.  3, record 16, English, - Coulomb%20barrier

Record 16,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Région entourant un noyau près du maximum de l'énergie potentielle pour une particule chargée positivement. Les effets combinés de la force coulombienne répulsive à grande portée et de la force nucléaire à courte portée provoquent ce maximum de l'énergie potentielle.  2, record 16, French, - barri%C3%A8re%20de%20Coulomb

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 OBS

"barrière coulombienne" a été normalisé par l'ISO.  3, record 16, French, - barri%C3%A8re%20de%20Coulomb

Record 16,  Textual support,  Spanish