TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of a [beta]-(1, 4)-glycosidic bond between the N-acetylmuramic acid and N-acetylglucosamine residues of the mucopeptide found in the cell walls of many bacteria. This action weakens the covalent structure of the wall and reduces its resistance to osmotic swelling, as a result of which the cells burst.  3, record 1, English, - lysozyme

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

By recombinant DNA techniques, a disulfide bond was introduced at a specific site in T4 lysozyme, a disulfide-free enzyme. This derivative retained full enzymatic activity and was more stable toward thermal inactivation than the wild-type protein. The derivative, T4 lysozyme (Ile³ - > Cys), was prepared by substituting a Cys codon for an Ile codon at position 3 in the cloned lysozyme gene by means of oligonucleotide-dependent, site-directed mutagenesis.  4, record 1, English, - lysozyme

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 2 CONT

The well-known human protein lysozyme, present in human tears is also present in the urine of pregnant women and may block HIV virus.  5, record 1, English, - lysozyme

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Also called muramidase or mucopeptide glycohydrolase.  6, record 1, English, - lysozyme

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Enzyme capable de détruire la paroi cellulaire de nombreuses bactéries (action bactériolytique). Il catalyse l'hydrolyse des mucopolysaccharides entrant dans la structure de cette paroi. C'est une protéine globulaire basique contenant 129 acides aminés, qui existe dans le blanc d'œuf, les larmes, la salive, et dans de nombreuses sécrétions.  3, record 1, French, - lysozyme

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'équipe du Professeur Hideaki Tanaka [...] a produit un lysozyme humain recombinant. La séquence signal du gène du lysozyme de poulet a été associée au gène du lysozyme humain, puis l'ADN hybride inséré dans le plasmide d'un Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Cette levure recombinée produit alors 0,4 mg de lysozyme humain actif par litre de milieu de culture (63% de sa production protéique totale).  4, record 1, French, - lysozyme

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Enzima de la saliva que en condiciones de laboratorio ha demostrado [tener cierta] capacidad para inactivar el VIH.  3, record 1, Spanish, - lisozima

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The yeast cell wall is the portion remaining after the inner contents of the yeast cell have been removed... Yeast cell wall products consist of two major active components : Mannan oligosaccharides [and] Beta glucans.  2, record 2, English, - yeast%20cell%20wall%20product

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Beta-glucan is an immunomodulator that can be extracted from the cell walls of yeasts, fungi, and some grains. It has enhanced the innate immune system providing protection against bacterial, protozoan, and viral diseases.  3, record 2, English, - yeast%20cell%20wall%20product

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Fibosel® est un produit composé de parois cellulaires de levure de boulangerie, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, riches en béta-glucans [...] Les ß-glucans, contenus dans Fibosel sont des composés essentiels de la paroi des cellules de levure. Ils sont particulièrement intéressants pour leur pouvoir de stimulation du système immunitaire non spécifique chez l'animal [...] Fibosel® est une matière première réservée exclusivement à la fabrication des aliments pour animaux.  1, record 2, French, - produit%20compos%C3%A9%20de%20parois%20cellulaires%20de%20levure

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The N-terminal domains of antibody heavy and light chains and the alpha, beta, gamma et delta chains of the T cell receptor which vary between different clones and from the antigen-binding site.  1, record 3, English, - V%20domain

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Domaines N-terminaux des chaînes lourdes et légères d'immunoglobulines et des chaînes alpha, bêta, gamma et delta du récepteur T qui diffèrent de clone à clone et forment le site de liaison à l'antigène.  1, record 3, French, - domaine%20V

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

... Gene segment which encodes the constant portion of the immunoglobulin heavy and light chains and the alpha, beta, gamma and delta chains of the T cell antigen receptor.  1, record 4, English, - C%20gene

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Often used in plural.  2, record 4, English, - C%20gene

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Segment génétique qui code pour les régions constantes des chaînes lourdes et légères d'immunoglobulines et des chaînes alpha, bêta, gamma et delta du récepteur d'antigène des cellules T.  1, record 4, French, - g%C3%A8ne%20C

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Les gènes C codent pour les régions constantes, présents en une ou quelques séquences dans un génome  2, record 4, French, - g%C3%A8ne%20C

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Sets of gene segments lying between the V and J genes in the immunoglobulin heavy chain genes, and in the T cell receptor beta and delta chain genes which are recombined with V and J genes during ontogeny.  1, record 5, English, - D%20gene

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

usually used in plural  2, record 5, English, - D%20gene

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Groupe de segments génétiques situés entre les gènes V et J des chaînes lourdes d'immunoglobulines et des chaînes bêta et delta du récepteur T qui sont recombinés avec les gènes V et J au cours de l'ontogénie.  2, record 5, French, - g%C3%A8ne%20D

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

habituellement utilisé au pluriel  3, record 5, French, - g%C3%A8ne%20D

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Activin, a member of the transforming growth factor-beta family of peptides, is implicated in the regulation of cell growth and differentiation in a variety of biological systems. We have sought to identify immediate early genes whose altered expression may provide a common nuclear event involved in activin-regulated phenotypic changes in many cell types. In both human K562 myelogenous leukemia and rat PC12 pheochromocytoma cells, activin treatment caused transient transcription-dependent and protein synthesis-independent increases of junB messenger RNA(mRNA) within 1 hour... [Source : PASCAL database].  1, record 6, English, - activin

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Activin A not only stimulates the synthesis and release of pituitary follicle-stimulating hormones but exerts various effects on haematopoietic cells, embryos, and fibroblasts [Source: PASCAL database].  1, record 6, English, - activin

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les activines, des inducteurs du mésoderme axial chez le xénope et le poulet. Nous avons rapporté [...] que l'inducteur mésodermique XTC-MIF (mesoderm inducing factor dérivé de la lignée de xénope XTC), appartenant à la famille TGF B, était l'équivalent de l'activine chez Xenopus.  1, record 6, French, - activine

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Surgical biopsies from 10 head and neck squamous cell carcinomas were labeled in vitro with bromodeoxyuridine. In histological sections, bromodeoxyuridine-positive nuclei and beta-fibroblast growth factor(beta-FGF) were stained using immunohistochemistry. In clearly discernible clusters of tumor cells, the cytoplasm shows strong positive beta-FGF staining, whereas other tumor regions are completely beta-FGF negative... Three classes of mesoderm-inducing factor(MIF) that might be responsible for... interaction in vivo... These are members of the transforming growth factor type beta(TGF-beta), fibroblast growth factor(FGF) and Wnt families... Six well-characterized human growth factors were chosen for detailed investigation by topical application to standardized skin wounds in swine : epidermal growth factor(EGF), transforming growth factors alpha and beta(TGF-alpha and TGF-beta), fibroblast growth factor(FGF), insulin-like growth factor-1(IGF-l), and platelet-derived growth factor(PDGf). [Source : PASCAL database].  1, record 7, English, - beta%20fibroblast%20growth%20factor

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Source : base de données PASCAL.  1, record 7, French, - facteur%20de%20croissance%20du%20fibroblaste%20b%C3%AAta

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 8,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Receptor on T cells that recognize specific foreign antigens and self MHC antigens; both must be seen simultaneously to trigger T cell activation; the T cell receptor has a constant and variable(antigen-finding) portion; the T cell antigen receptor has a [alpha] and [beta] chains which carry the idiotype(presumably the antigen binding site) and which are associated with the T3 molecule.  1, record 8, English, - T%20cell%20antigen%20receptor

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Récepteurs de reconnaissance de l'antigène des cellules T. [...] Il existe à la surface des cellules T des récepteurs spécifiques pour l'antigène, analogues à de nombreux égards aux récepteurs immunologiques des cellules B : spécificité pour l'antigène, partie variable assurant la spécificité et partie constante, homologie de structure primaire et d'organisation génétique, distribution clonale.  1, record 8, French, - r%C3%A9cepteur%20de%20reconnaissance%20de%20l%27antig%C3%A8ne%20des%20cellules%20T

Record 8,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 9,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 DEF

(Each of) major histocompatibility antigens found on virtually every cell, human erythrocytes being the only notable exception; they are found on molecules consisting of two noncovalently bound chains. One on 44, 000-dalton polymorphic glycoprotein partially embedded in the cell membrane, is determined by an MHC gene(HLA-A,-B, or-C in humans) ;the other, [beta] 2-microglobulin, a 12, 000-dalton nonopolymorphic protein, is determined by a non-MHC gene. Class I antigens are the classic histocompatibility antigens recognized during graft rejection....  3, record 9, English, - class%20I%20antigen

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 2 DEF

Histocompatibility antigen composed of two non-covalently associated, glycosylated polypeptides: a heavy chain of M. Wt. 44 000 and beta squared-microglobulin, M. Wt. 12 000.  4, record 9, English, - class%20I%20antigen

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Différentes approches ont permis de définir deux catégories d'antigènes d'histocompatibilité : les antigènes de classe I qui stimulent puis qui sont la cible de la réaction de lymphocytotoxicité due aux cellules T et les antigènes de classe II (...). (...) Les antigènes de classe I ont une distribution tissulaire ubiquitaire sur les cellules diploïdes (...). Les antigènes de classe I sont composés d'une chaîne lourde polymorphe (45 kDa) codée dans le CMH, associée à la [bêta]2-microglobuline non polymorphe qui est codée en dehors du CMH.  3, record 9, French, - antig%C3%A8ne%20de%20classe%20I

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 2 CONT

(...) la plupart des cellules cytotoxiques reconnaissent les antigènes viraux en association avec les antigènes de classe I ce qui conforte cette hypothèse, puisque ces antigènes sont présents sur la majorité des cellules.  4, record 9, French, - antig%C3%A8ne%20de%20classe%20I

Record 9,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 10,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A mammalian cell expression plasmid, pH beta-Arc, containing the human placenta aromatase complementary DNA was constructed. The prepared plasmid was used to transfect breast cancer cells(MCF-7), noncancerous breast cells,(HBL-100), and Chinese hamster ovary cells by a stable expression method. These constructed aromatase expressing mammalian cell lines will be very useful tools for aromatase inhibitor screening.  1, record 10, English, - transfect

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Tiré de: Cancer research, 1990, 50 (21), 6949-6954.  1, record 10, English, - transfect

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Transfection the artificial infection of animal or bacterial cells by uptake of nucleic acid isolated from virus or bacteriophage, resulting in the production of mature virus or phase particles.  2, record 10, English, - transfect

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La base du criblage a consisté à rendre des cellules murines sensibles à l'interféron a humain, donc résistantes au virus de la stomatite vésiculaire (VSV) en présence d'IFNa. Cela a été obtenu par transfection avec de l'ADN de lymphoblastes humains. L'ADN d'un premier clone cellulaire résistant 10BH7 a servi à transfecter de nouvelles cellules murines.  1, record 10, French, - transfecter

Record 10,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 11,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A human glioma cell lines(YKGI), which was positively identified for glial fibrillary acidic(GFA) and S-100 proteins, was established from a surgical specimen of a patient with glioblastoma. Chromosome analysis of the cells revealed a homogeneously staining region(HSR) on a marker chromosome. The assay for transforming growth factors(TGFs) in the conditioned medium of the cell line revealed that it contained high levels of alpha-and beta-type TGFs, which might regulate the growth of glioblastoma and influence on the peritumoral tissues.  3, record 11, English, - homogeneously%20staining%20region

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Tiré de: Acta Neuropathologica, 1989, 79 (1), 30-36.  3, record 11, English, - homogeneously%20staining%20region

Record 11,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'amplification d'ADN peut parfois être visualisée en cytogénétique sous deux formes différentes. La première, extrachromosomique, correspond aux chromosomes minutes. (...) L'autre forme visible est constituée par les HSR (homogeneously staining region) ou ECR (expanded chromosome region), régions intrachromosomiques étendues d'ADN amplifié, dont la ségrégation se fait normalement à chaque mitose, et qui sont donc conservées de manière relativement stable, même si la sélection n'est plus appliquée.  1, record 11, French, - HSR

Record 11,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 12,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Recently, several mesoderm-inducing factors(MIFs) have been discovered. These cause isolated Xenopus animal caps to form mesodermal cell types such as muscle, instead of their normal fate of epidermis. The MIFs fall into two classes. One comprises members of the fibroblast growth factor(FGF) family, and the other members of the transforming growth factor type beta(TGF-beta) family. Of the latter group, the most potent is XTC-MIF, a protein produced by Xenopus XTC cells. Here we show that XTC-MIF is the homologue of mammalian activin A.  3, record 12, English, - mesoderm%20inducing%20factor

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Tiré du périodique londonien: Nature, 1990, 345 (6277), pp. 729-731.  3, record 12, English, - mesoderm%20inducing%20factor

Record 12,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les activines, des inducteurs du mésoderme axial chez le xénope et le poulet. Nous avons rapporté, dans une brève récente, que l'inducteur mésodermique XTC-MIF (mesoderm inducing factor dérivé de la lignée de xénope XTC), appartenant à la famille TGF B, était l'équivalent de l'activine chez Xenopus.  1, record 12, French, - inducteur%20m%C3%A9sodermique

Record 12,  Textual support,  Spanish