TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[The authors] describe a method for generating an artificial society consisting of three parts : a population, an environment, and a set of rules. Their society is agent-based and micro-level, but the agents are only identified by a small number of attributes, so they lack personality and other believable properties. The agents are not networked together from the generation phase, but the set of rules [governs] the agents’ behaviours and interactions with one another in a cellular automata approach, allowing them to bond and form relationships at runtime...  1, record 1, English, - artificial%20society

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

artificial society: data validated by Canadian subject-field experts from École Polytechnique de Montréal, MasterpieceVR and McGill University.  2, record 1, English, - artificial%20society

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[...] l'architecture [de système multiagent] est abordée, comme une société humaine, en termes de rôles et de rapports. Dans cette société artificielle, l'objectif commun est la gestion et la circulation des connaissances distribuées, rendues possibles par une ontologie commune et partagée.  1, record 1, French, - soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9%20artificielle

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[...] la inteligencia colectiva es una necesidad para muchos actores sintéticos y especialmente para los humanoides virtuales, ya que la sociabilidad que uno espera de un humano simulado es más compleja que la mostrada por otros animales. Así pues, hace falta incorporar mecanismos de interacción entre los distintos agentes autónomos que forman una sociedad artificial.  2, record 1, Spanish, - sociedad%20artificial

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A size range of approximately 1 to 100 nm.  5, record 2, English, - nanoscale

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The nanoscopic scale is, roughly speaking, a lower bound to the mesoscopic scale for most solids. For technical purposes, the nanoscopic scale is the size at which the expected fluctuations of the averaged properties due to the motion and behavior of individual particles can no longer be reduced to below some desirable threshold (often a few percent), and must be rigorously established within the context of any particular problem.  6, record 2, English, - nanoscale

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

nm: nanometre.  7, record 2, English, - nanoscale

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Properties that are not extrapolations from a larger size will typically, but not exclusively, be exhibited in this size range. For such properties the size limits are considered approximate.  5, record 2, English, - nanoscale

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 3 OBS

The lower limit in this definition (approximately 1 nm) is introduced to avoid single and small groups of atoms from being designated as nano-objects or elements of nanostructures, which might be implied by the absence of a lower limit.  5, record 2, English, - nanoscale

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 4 OBS

Features of nanometric scale: thin films, fine particles, chemical synthesis, advanced microlithography.  2, record 2, English, - nanoscale

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 5 OBS

nanoscale: term and definition standardized by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO).  8, record 2, English, - nanoscale

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 PHR

Nanoscale cellular coherence, fabrication method, pattern, patterning.  9, record 2, English, - nanoscale

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Échelle de longueur s'étendant approximativement de 1 à 100 nm.  6, record 2, French, - %C3%A9chelle%20nanom%C3%A9trique

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les particules à la nanoéchelle, faciles à fabriquer de manière sporadique, mais difficiles à assembler, devraient tirer profit d'une nouvelle technologie de «retouche collante», dont les chercheurs de l'Université du Michigan disent qu'elle permet l'assemblage automatique à la nanoéchelle.  7, record 2, French, - %C3%A9chelle%20nanom%C3%A9trique

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

nm : nanomètre.  8, record 2, French, - %C3%A9chelle%20nanom%C3%A9trique

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Les propriétés qui ne constituent pas des extrapolations par rapport à des dimensions plus grandes sont généralement, mais pas exclusivement, présentes dans cette échelle de longueur. Pour ces propriétés, les limites dimensionnelles indiquées sont approximatives.  6, record 2, French, - %C3%A9chelle%20nanom%C3%A9trique

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 3 OBS

Cette échelle permet de mesurer des structures au niveau moléculaire.  9, record 2, French, - %C3%A9chelle%20nanom%C3%A9trique

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 4 OBS

La réduction de la dimension des systèmes jusqu'à une échelle nanométrique affecte de façon spectaculaire leurs propriétés physiques.  10, record 2, French, - %C3%A9chelle%20nanom%C3%A9trique

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 5 OBS

Dans cette définition, une limite inférieure (approximativement 1 nm) a été introduite pour éviter que des atomes individuels ou de petits groupes d’atomes soient considérés comme étant des nano-objets ou des éléments de nanostructures, ce qui aurait pu être le cas en l’absence d'une telle limite.  6, record 2, French, - %C3%A9chelle%20nanom%C3%A9trique

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 6 OBS

nano-échelle : terme normalisé par l'Organisation internationale de normalisation (ISO) dans la norme ISO/TS 27687:2008(F), mais non repris dans la norme plus récente ISO/TS 80004-4:2011(F). Dans cette dernière, il est indiqué que l'ISO/TS 27687:2008 doit faire l'objet d’une révision et devenir l'ISO/TS 80004-2.  8, record 2, French, - %C3%A9chelle%20nanom%C3%A9trique

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 7 OBS

échelle nanométrique : terme et définition normalisés par l'ISO.  11, record 2, French, - %C3%A9chelle%20nanom%C3%A9trique

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 PHR

Dispositif, matériau, particule, pièce à la nanoéchelle.  9, record 2, French, - %C3%A9chelle%20nanom%C3%A9trique

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 2 PHR

L'assemblage automatique devient primordial pour la nanoéchelle, le mouvement devient hautement coopératif à la nanoéchelle.  9, record 2, French, - %C3%A9chelle%20nanom%C3%A9trique

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Dimensión comprendida entre 1 y 100 nm [nanómetros].  3, record 2, Spanish, - nanoescala

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Access class barring(ACB) is regarded as an efficient... method to reduce... traffic overload in cellular networks.  3, record 3, English, - access%20class%20barring

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

That temperature a product has to reached to be totally solidified.  2, record 4, English, - final%20temperature%20of%20freezing

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In vitro freezing of tissue. Early attempts at studying the effects of speed and final temperature of freezing of tissue slices on cellular damage had difficulty in separating these parameters. Rubinsky and co-workers developed a method of controlled freezing of tissue slices on a microscope slide moving along a temperature gradient between two constant temperature bases. They were able to freeze animal and human liver tissue with a constant cooling rate. Their experiments revealed that high cooling rates will result in intracellular ice formation and probably immediate cell death, representing the clinical situation very close to the cryoprobe. Lower cooling rates resulting in cellular dehydration and extracellular ice formation with large ice crystals propagating along the sinusoids, expanding them by a factor of two in diameter.  1, record 4, English, - final%20temperature%20of%20freezing

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Température nécessaire à la congélation complète d'un produit.  2, record 4, French, - temp%C3%A9rature%20de%20cong%C3%A9lation%20totale

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

LBC is a new method of cervical cell sample preparation. Samples are collected [in a similar way to the standard Pap smear], but using a brush-like device rather than a spatula. The head of the device is rinsed or broken off into a vial of preservative fluid so that most or all of the cervical cells are retained. Samples are transported to the laboratory where they are mixed to disperse the cells. Cellular debris, such as blood or mucus, is removed and a thin layer of cervical cells is deposited on a microscope slide, which is then stained.  2, record 5, English, - liquid%2Dbased%20cytology

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Human papillomavirus -- Liquid-based cytology has increased the accuracy of Pap testing.  4, record 5, English, - liquid%2Dbased%20cytology

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Toutes les méthodes de cytologie en milieu liquide ont pour principe commun de recueillir les cellules prélevées sur le col utérin dans un liquide conservateur qui les maintient dans un état morphologique aussi proche que possible de l'état frais et assure en outre l'élimination du sang et du mucus qui gênent souvent la lecture des frottis conventionnels.  4, record 5, French, - cytologie%20en%20milieu%20liquide

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Virus du papillome humain -- La cytologie en milieu liquide (CML) augmente légèrement la sensibilité du test [de Papanicolaou].  2, record 5, French, - cytologie%20en%20milieu%20liquide

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Blood irradiator BI-2000. Applications : Irradiation of blood & blood products by gamma rays is a proven and safe method to inhibit T-Lymphocyte proliferation and eliminate the risk of post transfusion graft versus host disease(T-GVHD). Gamma irradiation of cellular blood components is the best current technology to reduce the risk of T-GVHD to the recipients as confirmed by research and therefore being widely practiced world over in hospitals and blood banks as a life saving approach to this problem. Blood is usually irradiated in standard blood bags in dedicated blood irradiators using cobalt-60 or caesium-137 radioactive source. The usual recommended radiation doses are 25 Gy to 35 Gy(1 Gy=100 rad) for this purposes.  2, record 6, English, - blood%20irradiator

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

L'établissement de transfusion sanguine de Lyon conformément à la loi du 19 juillet 1976 modifiée, relative aux Installations Classées pour la protection de l'environnement, sollicite l'autorisation d'exploiter un irradiateur de produits sanguins dans son antenne située dans l'enceinte de l'Hôpital Édouard Herriot à Lyon 3e.  2, record 6, French, - irradiateur%20sanguin

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The method by which incident radiation interacts with the medium to cause ionization may be direct or indirect. Electromagnetic radiations(X rays and gamma photons) are indirectly ionizing; that is, they give up their energy in various interactions with cellular molecules, and the energy is then utilized to produce a fast-moving charged particle such as an electron. It is the electron that then secondarily may react with a target molecule. Charged particles, in contrast, strike the tissue or medium and directly react with target molecules, such as oxygen or water. These particulate radiations are directly ionizing radiations.  1, record 7, English, - gamma%20photon

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 2 CONT

The third step is to fuse two tritium nuclei into one helium and two proton products. The end result of fusing four hydrogen nuclei (protons) is one helium nucleus, and two gamma ray photons, and two electron neutrinos, and kinetic heat energy.  2, record 7, English, - gamma%20photon

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Gamma rays: A very penetrating electromagnetic radiation emitted from a nucleus of an atom during radioactive decay. Radiation: An emission of energy in the form of photons (gamma, x-rays) or particles (alpha, beta, positron, neutron radiation). Photon: A type of radiation in the form of an electromagnetic wave, having zero mass and zero charge.  3, record 7, English, - gamma%20photon

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les photons gamma très pénétrants permettent de réaliser de véritables radiographies des matériaux les plus denses. Cette technique [gammamétrie] est appliquée depuis quelques années à la détermination de la densité et de l'humidité des sols.  1, record 7, French, - photon%20gamma

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 8,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Aerobic stabilization of sludge. This process is also often referred to as aerobic digestion. With this method, extended aeration of the sludge is used to stimulate(in the case of primary sludge) or continue(activated sludge) the growth of aerobic microorganisms beyond the period of cell synthesis to reach the stage of auto-oxidation. This is the mechanism of endogenous respiration, which is represented at a first stage by the elimination of cellular matter.  1, record 8, English, - auto%2Doxidation

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Stabilisation des boues par voie aérobie. Ce procédé est aussi désigné fréquemment sous le vocable de digestion aérobie. Il consiste, par une aération prolongée des boues, à provoquer (dans le cas de boues primaires) ou à poursuivre (boues activées) le développement de micro-organismes aérobies, jusqu'à dépasser la période de synthèse des cellules et réaliser leur propre auto-oxydation. C'est le mécanisme de la respiration endogène, schématisé dans un premier stade par l'élimination de matière cellulaire.  1, record 8, French, - auto%2Doxydation

Record 8,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 9,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 DEF

An elemental computing device that occupies cells on a physical map and acts independently based on a small set of internal rules. Cellular automata : a new method for battlefield simulation.  1, record 9, English, - cellular%20automaton

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

Record 9,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 10,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Aerobic stabilization of sludge. This process is also often referred to as aerobic digestion. With this method, extended aeration of the sludge is used to stimulate(in the case of primary sludge) or continue(activated sludge) the growth of aerobic microorganisms beyond the period of cell synthesis to reach the stage of auto-oxidation. This is the mechanism of endogenous respiration, which is represented at a first stage by the elimination of cellular matter.  1, record 10, English, - cellular%20matter

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Stabilisation des boues par voie aérobie. Ce procédé est aussi désigné fréquemment sous le vocable de digestion aérobie. Il consiste, par une aération prolongée des boues, à provoquer (dans le cas de boues primaires) ou à poursuivre (boues activées) le développement de micro-organismes aérobies, jusqu'à dépasser la période de synthèse des cellules et réaliser leur propre auto-oxydation. C'est le mécanisme de la respiration endogène, schématisé dans un premier stade par l'élimination de matière cellulaire.  1, record 10, French, - mati%C3%A8re%20cellulaire

Record 10,  Textual support,  Spanish