TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The fruit(popularly so called) of any species of the genus Fragaria, a soft bag-shaped receptacle, of a characteristic colour(scarlet to yellowish), full of juicy acid pulp, and dotted over with small yellow seed-like achenes.  1, record 1, English, - strawberry

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Fruit [composé] du fraisier, de forme arrondie ou plus ou moins conique, formé d'une pulpe rouge très parfumée et partiellement couverte d'akènes, généralement jaune clair ou brunâtre.  2, record 1, French, - fraise

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Composed of coniferous forests, [the subalpine forest] region is situated on the mountain uplands of British Columbia and western Alberta. Characteristic trees are Engelmann spruce, alpine fir and lodgepole pine, while occasional species include western larch, whitebark pine and limber pine, together with yellow cypress and mountain hemlock on the more westerly ranges.  1, record 2, English, - subalpine%20forest%20region

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Composée de forêts de conifères, [la] région [forestière subalpine] est située sur les hauts versants des montagnes de la Colombie-Britannique et de l'ouest de l'Alberta. Les arbres les plus caractéristiques sont l'épinette d'Engelmann, le sapin subalpin et le pin de Murray (Pin tordu latifolié).  1, record 2, French, - r%C3%A9gion%20foresti%C3%A8re%20subalpine

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The stage of the insect during the period between molts.  3, record 3, English, - instar

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A life cycle including a larval stage is called indirect and is characteristic of more than half of the species of... invertebrates.  4, record 3, English, - instar

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Each time the insect sheds its exoskeleton or molts, it passes into the next instar.  3, record 3, English, - instar

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Chacun des états de la larve entre deux mues successives.  2, record 3, French, - stade%20larvaire

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Le premier stade larvaire est compris entre l'éclosion de l'œuf et la première mue; il est suivi, chez les moustiques, d'un deuxième, d'un troisième, puis d'un quatrième stade avant la nymphose.  3, record 3, French, - stade%20larvaire

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

An insect (order Odonata) of the family Coenagrionidae.  2, record 4, English, - double%2Dstriped%20bluet

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 2 OBS

This species grows to lengths 21–28 mm. Its common name [is] from the peculiar black shoulder stripe, which is divided in two by a thin blue stripe. This is the key identification characteristic; no other damselfly has a shoulder stripe that looks like this one.  3, record 4, English, - double%2Dstriped%20bluet

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Insecte (Ordre Odonata) de la famille Coenagrionidae.  2, record 4, French, - Enallagma

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Genre de demoiselles ou zygoptères (Zygoptera), appartenant à la famille des Coenagrionidae, et qui comprend au moins 39 espèces dont certaines sont appelées "agrions" en français.  3, record 4, French, - Enallagma

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A farm on which the major interest or activity is the growing or handling of some type of livestock, such as beef cattle, hogs, or sheep, or a combination of such types.  5, record 5, English, - livestock%20farm

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

In the US, "stock" is sometimes used as a synonym of "livestock".  6, record 5, English, - livestock%20farm

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Livestock : Any domestic animal produced or kept primarily for farm, ranch, or market purposes, including beef and dairy cattle, hogs, sheep, goats, and horses. Subdivided by class(use, purpose, age), as cows, steers, ewes, or drys; by kind(species or genus), as cattle, horses, mules, sheep, goats, or swine; by type(productive purposes or characteristic qualities), as wool or mutton-type of sheep.  5, record 5, English, - livestock%20farm

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 3 OBS

livestock farm; stock farm: terms extracted from the “Glossaire de l’agriculture” and reproduced with permission of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.  7, record 5, English, - livestock%20farm

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Selon le point de vue adopté, l'exploitation agricole est définie de façon diverse [...] par les économistes comme une unité économique dans laquelle l'agriculteur pratique un système de production en vue d'augmenter son profit [...]  4, record 5, French, - exploitation%20d%27%C3%A9levage

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Élevage : [Ensemble] des méthodes mises en œuvre pour produire des animaux ou des produits animaux, le plus souvent dans le dessein de satisfaire les besoins de l'homme [...]  5, record 5, French, - exploitation%20d%27%C3%A9levage

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 3 OBS

exploitation d'élevage : terme extrait du «Glossaire de l’agriculture» et reproduit avec l’autorisation de l’Organisation de coopération et de développement économiques.  6, record 5, French, - exploitation%20d%27%C3%A9levage

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Centro agrario de gestión o de producción de una especie doméstica de interés económico.  2, record 5, Spanish, - explotaci%C3%B3n%20ganadera

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

That characteristic, especially in many herbicides, whereby certain undesirable species are killed while others such as crop plants or beneficial insects are harmed little.  3, record 6, English, - selectivity

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... Dinoseb (2-sec-butyl-4,6-dinitrophenol) exhibits contact toxicity to plant foliage, but it exhibits selectivity when applied before emergence; it thus allows satisfactory emergence of some important crop plants, such as peanuts, but kills the germinating seedlings of many annual weeds.  4, record 6, English, - selectivity

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The process by means of which macromolecular species differing in some characteristic(chemical composition, relative molecular mass, branching, stereoregularity, etc.) are separated from each other.  2, record 7, English, - fractionation

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS

In general, the separation or isolation of a mixture or a micromolecular complex ... Macromolecular components (proteins and other high polymers) can be separated by a number of methods, including electrophoresis, gel filtration, chromatography, centrifugation, foam fractionation, and partition.  3, record 7, English, - fractionation

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 2 OBS

fractionation: term and definition standardized by ISO.  4, record 7, English, - fractionation

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Processus par lequel des espèces macromoléculaires différenciées les unes des autres par une caractéristique quelconque (composition chimique, masse moléculaire relative, ramification, stéréorégularité, etc.) sont séparées les unes des autres.  2, record 7, French, - fractionnement

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS

fractionnement : terme et définition normalisés par l'ISO.  3, record 7, French, - fractionnement

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Proceso por medio del cual especies macromoleculares que difieren en alguna característica (composición química, masa molecular relativa, ramificación, estereoregularidad, etc.) se separan unas de otras.  1, record 7, Spanish, - fraccionamiento

Record 8,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Process of colonization and replacement of pioneering species by others characteristic of a climax biocenose in an environment after several decades or even centuries.  2, record 8, English, - natural%20succession

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The strategy ... capitalized on the opportunity to make quantitative predictions of future habitats based on the process of natural succession and the capability to determine the relationships between water levels and various successional stages.  3, record 8, English, - natural%20succession

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le processus d'évolution des lacs passe par les stades suivants : oligotrophie, mésotrophie, eutrophie.  2, record 8, French, - succession%20naturelle

Record 8,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 10,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A characteristic of many ecosystems that experience a change in structure and/or species on a given site in relation to time since major disturbance.  3, record 10, English, - successional%20stage

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Repeated local fires in ecosystems prone to fire (boreal forest, lodgepole pine forest, prairie) greatly increase the overall complexity of communities and create numerous successional stages that can support a far wider variety of biota than if fire were absent from these regions.  4, record 10, English, - successional%20stage

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 OBS

successional stage: term used by Parks Canada.  5, record 10, English, - successional%20stage

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Caractéristique de nombreux écosystèmes dont la structure et/ou les espèces changent avec le temps après une perturbation majeure à un endroit donné.  4, record 10, French, - stade%20de%20succession

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La survenue à intervalles réguliers de feux localisés dans des écosystèmes prédisposés (forêt boréale, forêt de pins tordus, prairie) accroît considérablement la complexité globale des communautés et crée de nombreux stades de succession qui permettent le maintien d'une diversité d'organismes beaucoup plus grande que celle qui existerait en l'absence de ces feux.  5, record 10, French, - stade%20de%20succession

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 OBS

stade de succession : terme en usage à Parcs Canada.  6, record 10, French, - stade%20de%20succession

Record 10,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Característica de numerosos ecosistemas cuya estructura y/o especies cambian con el tiempo después de una perturbación importante en un lugar determinado.  1, record 10, Spanish, - etapa%20de%20sucesi%C3%B3n

Record 11,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A process of community development that involves a changing sequence of species.  3, record 11, English, - succession

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Succession is usually described in terms of the changes in the species composition of the plants growing in an area, although each successional stage also may have its own characteristic kinds of animals and other organisms.  3, record 11, English, - succession

Record 11,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Apparition chronologique d'espèces au sein d'un milieu et en fonction des caractéristiques de celui-ci.  3, record 11, French, - succession

Record 11,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Proceso en el que [las] comunidades de un área particular son sustituidas a lo largo del tiempo por una serie de comunidades distintas.  2, record 11, Spanish, - sucesi%C3%B3n%20ecol%C3%B3gica

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Se diferencian dos tipos de sucesión ecológica: sucesión primaria y sucesión secundaria.  2, record 11, Spanish, - sucesi%C3%B3n%20ecol%C3%B3gica

Record 12,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The alfalfa stem nematode(Ditylenchus dipsaci(Kuhn) Filipjev), also known as the bulb and stem nematode, occurs in almost every alfalfa growing region of the world and is considered the most serious nematode problem on this crop.... A characteristic known only in this species of nematode is its habit of congregating in large numbers on infested tissue. The mass of nematodes is referred to as "nema wool. "  1, record 12, English, - nema%20wool

Record 12,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le nématode des tiges (Ditylenchus dipsaci) [...] est un important ravageur des plantes herbacées et à bulbes, notamment de nombreuses plantes d'ornement. [...] les juvéniles du 4e stade se rassemblent souvent par milliers, et forment en se desséchant des masses jaunâtres laineuses («laine de nématodes»).  1, record 12, French, - laine%20de%20n%C3%A9matodes

Record 12,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 13,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A fossil species or genus, that is characteristic of a formation, zone, or stratigraphic unit.  2, record 13, English, - characteristic%20fossil

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 OBS

characteristic fossil; diagnostic fossil: terms used at Natural Resources Canada - Earth Sciences Sector.  3, record 13, English, - characteristic%20fossil

Record 13,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Espèce fossile à longévité courte, caractéristique d'une époque et permettant de définir les étages et leurs subdivisions pour chaque région.  3, record 13, French, - fossile%20caract%C3%A9ristique

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Fossiles caractéristiques. [...] les espèces à longévité courte, sont de bons fossiles stratigraphiques, caractéristiques d'une époque.  2, record 13, French, - fossile%20caract%C3%A9ristique

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Pour établir les parallélismes à longue distance, [le paléontologue Henri Douvillé] recherche les fossiles qui ont varié rapidement, les «bons fossiles», qui permettent d'apprécier des intervalles de courte durée. Il les oppose à ceux qui persistent sans modifications appréciables pendant une ou plusieurs périodes géologiques, les «mauvais fossiles», dont la présence ne donne, au point de vue de l'âge des couches, que des renseignements vagues et sans précision.  4, record 13, French, - fossile%20caract%C3%A9ristique

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 2 OBS

fossile caractéristique : terme en usage à Ressources naturelles Canada - Secteur des sciences de la Terre.  5, record 13, French, - fossile%20caract%C3%A9ristique

Record 13,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 14,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Plant formations... Despite the hundreds of thousands of species of plants and the thousands of communities(associations) in which they occur, there is a limited number of major world formation types. Each formation occurs over wide areas, most of them on all continents, and each has a recognizable structure because of the characteristic life forms(tree form, grass form) of the dominant plants.... the several formations fall into three major groups of terrestrial vegetation : forests and woodlands, grasslands, and deserts.  3, record 14, English, - plant%20formation

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 2 CONT

A formation groups together the communities of a given continent that are of similar growth form structure in response to broadly similar environmental conditions (especially climate).  4, record 14, English, - plant%20formation

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 OBS

In studies concerned with animals as well as plants, formations are generally termed biomes. [But these two terms should not be confused. Compare with "biome"].  4, record 14, English, - plant%20formation

Record 14,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Association de végétaux présentant, malgré les différences des espèces, des caractères biologiques et un faciès analogues.  3, record 14, French, - formation%20v%C3%A9g%C3%A9tale

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 CONT

formation végétale : Ce terme se rapporte à des réalités naturelles désignées intuitivement par les mots : forêt, prairie, désert, savane, marécage, tourbière, etc., autrement dit des «paysages».  4, record 14, French, - formation%20v%C3%A9g%C3%A9tale

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 2 CONT

La savane africaine, la forêt boréale, la toundra, le désert constituent des biomes, qui correspondent chacun à une formation végétale particulière [...]  3, record 14, French, - formation%20v%C3%A9g%C3%A9tale

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Ne pas confondre avec «groupement végétal» qui possède un sens plus restreint que «formation végétale».  4, record 14, French, - formation%20v%C3%A9g%C3%A9tale

Record 14,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Comunidad de vegetales interrelacionados, surgida de forma natural y que perdura mientras se mantienen las condiciones a que debe su origen.  1, record 14, Spanish, - formaci%C3%B3n%20vegetal

Record 15,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 DEF

elements : Organisms that are typical or characteristic of a certain region, but may occur outside of it, e. g., a group of prairie species occurring in the eastern part of the United States.  1, record 15, English, - element

Record 15,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Expression floristique et phytosociologique d'un territoire étendu défini, se rapportant à une unité floristiquement, écologiquement et physionomiquement différenciée, dont l'imbrication plus ou moins régulière constitue une communauté végétale caractérisée par sa physionomie et sa structure ainsi que par sa composition floristique et son écologie.  2, record 15, French, - %C3%A9l%C3%A9ment

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Défini aussi comme représentant une discontinuité de la communauté végétale sur le plan horizontal, de manière isolée ou répétitive, dans une station.  2, record 15, French, - %C3%A9l%C3%A9ment

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Voir aussi «élément floristique» (en anglais : «floristic element») dans TERMIUM.  2, record 15, French, - %C3%A9l%C3%A9ment

Record 15,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 16,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 OBS

(An) ecotone(is)... a zone of transition or tension, in which the conditions for each of the adjacent communities become more adverse and there is often an intermingling of species from both communities... A general characteristic of the ecotone is that there are very often a greater number of species. In addition, the densities of many of the "edge species" is higher than it is for the neighboring communities.  2, record 16, English, - adjacent%20ecosystems

Record 16,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 CONT

zone de transition: Espace où deux écosystèmes s'interpénètrent (...). De nombreux groupes zoologiques pourvus d'une grande mobilité (...) élisent leur gîte à ce niveau, tout en se nourrissant dans les deux ou dans l'un des écosystèmes voisins. Cet effet de lisière peut concerner une bande de plusieurs kilomètres de large dans le cas des contacts entre les grands biomes (...) ou une zone de quelques mètres (...). Les écotones jouent un rôle souvent important dans l'équilibre des écosystèmes adjacents (...)  1, record 16, French, - %C3%A9cosyst%C3%A8mes%20voisins

Record 16,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 17,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The specific composition of the pelagic part of the reservoir contained, apart from ubiquitous forms and forms typical of shallow recervoirs and of the inshore zone of lakes, some eulimnetic species reported as characteristic of lakes(Daphnia cucullata, Bosmina coregoni, and Leptodora kindti).  1, record 17, English, - eulimnetic

Record 17,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Dans le Petit Glossaire limnologique, par M. Huet, Centre belge d'Étude et de Documentation des Eaux (source HUELI, 1949, p. 188 et 219), on trouve le terme «limnétique» (ancien terme remplacé par celui de pélagique) et le préfixe eu- (préfixe caractérisant une propriété au sens strict).  2, record 17, French, - eulimn%C3%A9tique

Record 17,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 18,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A bioindicator plant has been defined as a sensitive species that responds in a characteristic and predictable manner to the conditions that occur in a particular region or habitat(Mellanby, 2000).  3, record 18, English, - bioindicator%20plant

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Bioindicators are species used to monitor the health of an environment or ecosystem. They are any biological species or group of species whose function, population, or status can be used to determine ecosystem or environmental integrity.  4, record 18, English, - bioindicator%20plant

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Bioindicators are often introduced plant species known as sentinels.  5, record 18, English, - bioindicator%20plant

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 PHR

Bioindicator plant evaluation, exposure, indicator, measurement, monitoring, variety.  6, record 18, English, - bioindicator%20plant

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 2 PHR

Polluant in a bioindicator plant.  6, record 18, English, - bioindicator%20plant

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 3 PHR

Ozone bioindicator plant monitoring.  6, record 18, English, - bioindicator%20plant

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 4 PHR

Milkweed is a bioindicator plant.  6, record 18, English, - bioindicator%20plant

Record 18,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La fève, Vicia faba est choisie comme première espèce végétale. C'est une plante supérieure dicotylédone, de la famille des Fabaceae (légumineuses). Nous utiliserons le cultivar Primabel de type «aguadulce» à longue cosse (longueur moyenne 25 cm), contenant 7 à 8 graines. Cette plante a déjà fait l'objet d'expérimentations dans la littérature et elle est recommandée par la norme AFNOR NF T 90-327 pour l'évaluation de la génotoxicité, du fait de sa grande sensibilité vis-à-vis des micropolluants et de sa facilité d'obtention. Par exemple, elle a déjà été utilisée pour étudier les effets mutagènes des micropolluants rencontrés dans l'environnement. C'est un bon indicateur car elle est très sensible avec de courtes périodes de traitement. Elle est donc actuellement utilisée comme plante sentinelle.  4, record 18, French, - plante%20bio%2Dindicatrice

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Un bio-indicateur est un indicateur constitué par une espèce végétale, fongique ou animale ou par un groupe d'espèces (groupe éco-sociologique) ou groupement végétal dont la présence (ou l'état) renseigne sur certaines caractéristiques écologiques (c'est-à-dire physico-chimiques, microclimatique, biologiques et fonctionnelle) de l'environnement, ou sur l'incidence de certaines pratiques. On les utilise notamment pour la bioévaluation environnementale (suivi de l'état de l'environnement, ou de l'efficacité de mesures compensatoires ou restauratoires).  5, record 18, French, - plante%20bio%2Dindicatrice

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 2 OBS

[Les] végétaux bioindicateurs (végétaux sentinelles) [sont utilisés] pour la surveillance directe et continue des eaux de rejet.  6, record 18, French, - plante%20bio%2Dindicatrice

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 PHR

Végétaux bioindicateurs de la pollution photochimique.  7, record 18, French, - plante%20bio%2Dindicatrice

Record 18,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 19,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A type of community with a consistent floristic composition, a uniform physiognomy and distribution characteristic of a particular habitat, and defined by the presence of indicator species.  1, record 19, English, - biogeocenosis

Record 19,  Textual support,  French

Record 19,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Ecosistema y biogeocenosis son considerados por algunos autores como sinónimos, sin embargo, biogeocenosis señala a la comunidad o fitocenosis como parámetro para establecer sus límites.  2, record 19, Spanish, - biogeocenosis

Record 20,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A small yellowish green North American phylloxera (Phylloxera vitifoliae) that lives and forms galls on the leaves and roots of various grapes being relatively harmless to native forms but extremely destructive to European vinifera grapes.  4, record 20, English, - grape%20phylloxera

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Grape phylloxera, Daktulosphaira vitifoliae(Fitch) is an insect pest which attacks many grape species both wild and cultivated. During feeding, phylloxera secrete a chemical which causes plant tissue to grow near the feeding site, resulting in the characteristic galls. Phylloxera is an indirect pest of grapes, damaging vines by feeding on plant sap from roots, leaves and tendrils, but not causing actual fruit injury. It is often described as an "aphid-like", sucking insect or a "vine louse".  6, record 20, English, - grape%20phylloxera

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 OBS

"Viteus vitifoliae" seems to be the preferred scientific name.  7, record 20, English, - grape%20phylloxera

Record 20,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le phylloxera de la vigne, Daktulosphaira vitifoliae (Fitch) est un insecte nuisible qui s'attaque à de nombreuses espèces de vigne, à la fois sauvages et cultivées. Il est responsable de l'apparition de galles à l'endroit où il s'alimente. Ces galles se forment à la suite de la sécrétion par l'insecte, pendant qu'il s'alimente, d'un produit chimique qui cause la prolifération des tissus. Le phylloxera est un ravageur indirect qui endommage les vignes en s'alimentant de la sève qui circule dans les racines, les feuilles et les vrilles. Il ne cause toutefois pas de dommages véritables aux fruits. On le décrit souvent comme un insecte suceur qui fait penser au puceron ou au pou.  4, record 20, French, - phyllox%C3%A9ra%20de%20la%20vigne

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 OBS

phylloxéra : Cette graphie, puisée des Rectifications de l'orthographe recommandées par le Conseil supérieur de la langue française, est attestée dans le Petit Robert (2004).  5, record 20, French, - phyllox%C3%A9ra%20de%20la%20vigne

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Le nom latin le plus utilisé est «Viteus vitifoliae».  6, record 20, French, - phyllox%C3%A9ra%20de%20la%20vigne

Record 20,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 21,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A southern and eastern African guenon monkey related to the grivet but having the face, chin , hands, and feet black.  4, record 21, English, - vervet%20monkey

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Vervet monkeys(Chlorocebus aethiops) are found from Senegal to Ethiopia and south to South Africa. [...] Chlorocebus aethiops is usually around 400 to 600 mm in length(head and body), with tales about 300 to 500 mm. [...] Males are larger than females. [...] The faces of vervet monkeys are usually sooty black. A defining characteristic of this species is the greenish color of the upper parts of the face, which is caused by the banding together of individual hairs with black and yellow strands. In males, the scrotum and surrounding areas are bright blue or a greenish color.  2, record 21, English, - vervet%20monkey

Record 21,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Primate assez répandu en Afrique et en Asie de l'ouest [avec] pelage gris vert, visage noir entouré de poils blancs (autre remarque intéressante: ce singe a les testicules d'un bleu turquoise éclatant et la verge rouge).  1, record 21, French, - singe%20vert

Record 21,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 CONT

El mono verde, al que también se le conoce por el nombre de mono tota, está muy extendido por toda África del sur, donde se le puede encontrar principalmente en la sabana, los bosques de ribera y los matorrales costeros. [...] Hay varias subespecies o razas distintas de mono verde, pero suelen tener en común su cola larga, la cara pequeña y normalmente negra, pelo largo y grueso (aunque de color variable), manos y pies oscuros y, en el caso de los machos, el escroto azul.  3, record 21, Spanish, - mono%20verde

Record 22,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A small grain or particle in which starch is deposited in the plant cell.  2, record 22, English, - starch%20granule

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The shape and size of the granules are characteristic of the plant species; e. g. wheat starch granules are mainly lens-shaped of 20 to 35 microns in diameter or spherical of 2 to 10 microns in diameter(1 micron=1 millionth of a metre).  2, record 22, English, - starch%20granule

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 2 OBS

starch granule: term used at the Canadian Grain Commission in the field of cereal terminology.  3, record 22, English, - starch%20granule

Record 22,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Petit grain, ou particule, contenant l'amidon, et qui se trouve dans la cellule végétale.  1, record 22, French, - granule%20d%27amidon

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 OBS

La forme et les dimensions des granules sont caractéristiques de l'espèce végétale. Ainsi, les granules d'amidon du blé ont surtout une forme lenticulaire, de 20 à 35 microns de diamètre, ou sphérique de 2 à 10 microns (1 micron égale 1 millionième de mètre).  1, record 22, French, - granule%20d%27amidon

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 2 OBS

granule d'amidon : terme en usage à la Commission canadienne des grains dans le domaine céréalier.  2, record 22, French, - granule%20d%27amidon

Record 22,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 23,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 DEF

... plant pathogen causing leaf spot and wilt.  2, record 23, English, - Pseudomonas%20syringae

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Pseudomonas : Genus of gram-negative bacteria. They are rod shaped and are motile, possessing one or more polar flagella. Several species produce characteristic water soluble fluorescent pigments. They are found in soil and water.  2, record 23, English, - Pseudomonas%20syringae

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Pseudomonas syringae [is] a bacterium that is a pathogen of a wide range of crop plants. It causes bacterial leaf spot in brassicas and sunflowers, as well as apical chlorosis in sunflowers.  3, record 23, English, - Pseudomonas%20syringae

Record 23,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 CONT

On ne trouve que deux maladies bactériennes courantes dans certaines parties du Canada; il s'agit du flétrissement bactérien (Erwinia stewartii) et de la tache bactérienne (Pseudomonas syringae).  1, record 23, French, - Pseudomonas%20syringae

Record 23,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 24,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A fungal infection of the gills caused by fungi of the genus Branchiomyces.  3, record 24, English, - branchiomycosis

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Fungi of the genus Branchiomyces cause the gill rot which is characteristic of branchiomycosis. The disease occurs in many species, including cyprinids and channel catfish, in the summer.  4, record 24, English, - branchiomycosis

Record 24,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Infection fongique des branchies causée par des espèces du genre Branchiomyces.  2, record 24, French, - branchiomycose

Record 24,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 25,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A cell containing only one of each type of chromosome characteristic of its species.  1, record 25, English, - haploid%20cell

Record 25,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Cellule dont le nombre de chromosomes est réduit à un élément de chaque paire.  1, record 25, French, - cellule%20haplo%C3%AFde

Record 25,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 26,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Although the Ungava lemming is very similar to the collared lemming, trenchant dental characteristics mark it as a distinct species.... The summer pelage is grizzled above with a faint black mid-dorsal stripe; it has tawny ear spots and a pale collar. The flanks and throat are buffy or tawny, and the underparts are grey. The feet and tail are silvery grey. The winter pelage is white, and the characteristic winter claws develop on the third and fourth digits.  4, record 26, English, - Labrador%20collared%20lemming

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 OBS

A mammal of the family Muridae.  5, record 26, English, - Labrador%20collared%20lemming

Record 26,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le Lemming d'Ungava ressemble de très près au variable, mais il s'en distingue par des caractéristiques dentaires marquées. [...] Le pelage estival, grisâtre sur le dos, présente une raie médiane noire peu prononcée; la base des oreilles est chamois et un collier de couleur claire encercle le cou. Les flancs et la gorge sont jaune clair ou fauves, les pattes et la queue, gris argenté. Le ventre a une teinte argentée. La fourrure d'hiver est blanche [...]  3, record 26, French, - lemming%20d%27Ungava

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Mammifère de la famille des Muridae.  4, record 26, French, - lemming%20d%27Ungava

Record 26,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 27,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 OBS

This small species is about 3 1/2 inches in total length(including the tail), with a wing-spread of about 9 inches.... It is well-covered with long, silky brown hair. On the back, the longer hairs are tipped with a burnished copper sheen, a characteristic of the species.... The myotids are nocturnal or crepuscular in activity. They spend the summer daylight hours sleeping in a cave, mine, culvert, hollow tree, or attic... After sundown,... they emerge to flit about in search of food.  2, record 27, English, - little%20brown%20myotis

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 2 OBS

A mammal of the family Vespertilionidae.  4, record 27, English, - little%20brown%20myotis

Record 27,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Mammifère de la famille des Vespertilionidae.  5, record 27, French, - vespertilion%20brun

Record 27,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 28,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Digger bee, common name for a group of robust, fast-flying, ground-nesting bees with velvety fur. These bees live throughout the world.... Digger bees range from the size of a honey bee to as large as a bumble bee. These bees mostly nest in the ground and line their brood cells(compartments for offspring) with a waxlike secretion. In some species, the females construct a characteristic turret, a chimneylike extension of the nest entrance. Other digger bees nest in wood and some are parasites of other bees.  2, record 28, English, - digger%20bee

Record 28,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Abeille solitaire construisant ses cellules dans le sol.  1, record 28, French, - abeille%20fouisseuse

Record 28,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 29,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The great differences between the littoral and profundal benthos are controlled in part by the environmental conditions and in part by the life cycles of the individual species. In the littoral zone with its coarser sediments, wave action, a continuous supply of oxygen, warm temperatures, plus light and plants, diversity of species is the chief characteristic. Insects and mollusks are dominant, many of them confined to the littoral. All other groups of fresh-water animals also occur here.  1, record 29, English, - littoral%20benthos

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 OBS

benthos: All the plants and animals living on or closely associated with the bottom of a body of water, especially the ocean.  2, record 29, English, - littoral%20benthos

Record 29,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le benthos marin se divise en «benthos littoral» composé d'ensembles biologiques habitant des fonds inférieurs à 200 mètres et en «benthos abyssal» qui se tient sur des fonds recouverts par plus de 200 mètres d'eau et par suite privés de végétaux chlorophylliens.  2, record 29, French, - benthos%20littoral

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 OBS

benthos : Ensemble des organismes localisés sur le fond des mers (ou des eaux douces), soit qu'ils y soient fixés, soit qu'ils se déplacent à sa surface ou s'enfoncent dans le substrat.  2, record 29, French, - benthos%20littoral

Record 29,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 30,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The great differences between the littoral and profundal benthos are controlled in part by the environmental conditions and in part by the life cycles of the individual species... In the profundal zone... soft sediments, virtual absence of light, low temperatures, and potentially severe chemical conditions, especially reduction in oxygen content, severely restrict the species composition. Midge larvae, oligochaetes, and fingernail clams are the most characteristic of the larger animals.  5, record 30, English, - abyssal%20benthos

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 2 CONT

The benthos is subdivided into the littoral and deep-sea systems. The deep-sea benthos is further divided into the archibenthic (upper) and abyssalbenthic (lower) zones.  6, record 30, English, - abyssal%20benthos

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 3 CONT

The profundal benthos of lakes is quite distinct from that of shallower water ...  7, record 30, English, - abyssal%20benthos

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Depending on the depth distribution, benthos is regarded as epibenthos (living between low water line and 200 m depth), mesobenthos (living at depths between 200 and 1000 m, hypobenthos (living between 1000 and 2000 m) and abyssal benthos (living below 2000 m).  1, record 30, English, - abyssal%20benthos

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 2 OBS

benthos: All the plants and animals living on or closely associated with the bottom of a body of water, especially the ocean.  8, record 30, English, - abyssal%20benthos

Record 30,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le benthos marin se divise en «benthos littoral» composé d'ensembles biologiques habitant des fonds inférieurs à 200 mètres et en «benthos abyssal» qui se tient sur des fonds recouverts par plus de 200 mètres d'eau et par suite privés de végétaux chlorophylliens.  3, record 30, French, - benthos%20abyssal

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 OBS

benthos : Ensemble des organismes localisés sur le fond des mers (ou des eaux douces), soit qu'ils y soient fixés, soit qu'ils se déplacent à sa surface ou s'enfoncent dans le substrat.  3, record 30, French, - benthos%20abyssal

Record 30,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 31,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Structural features and other characteristics of old-growth forests, including : large trees for the species and site; wide variation in tree sizes and spacing; accumulations of large dead standing and fallen trees; multiple canopy layers; canopy gaps and understory patchiness; elements of decay such as broken or deformed tops or trunks and root decay; and the presence of species characteristic of old growth.  2, record 31, English, - old%2Dgrowth%20attributes

Record 31,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Éléments structurels qui composent la forêt ancienne.  3, record 31, French, - caract%C3%A9ristiques%20de%20la%20for%C3%AAt%20ancienne

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'âge auquel on commence à observer ces caractéristiques de vieille forêt varie, mais semble se situer entre 160 et 180 ans. D'autres facteurs clés que l'âge du peuplement qui contribuent à l'apparition des caractéristiques de vieille forêt (mesurées par un indice de même nom) ou influent sur leur évolution sont l'altitude et le régime hydrique (modifiés par l'emplacement de la station).  2, record 31, French, - caract%C3%A9ristiques%20de%20la%20for%C3%AAt%20ancienne

Record 31,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 32,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Grazing Behaviour.... The horse will avoid grazing where there is a smell of horses droppings, reducing the possibility of picking up parasitic worm eggs and resulting in the characteristic rough areas of pastures that are continually grazed.... The sense of smell is also used to identify plant species, enabling horses to be selective of grass or herb species and also to avoid certain poisonous weeds, i. e. ragwort.... The horse has sensitive hairs on the lips allowing them to determine how close to the ground they are grazing, and also, the maturity of individual plants.  1, record 32, English, - grazing%20behaviour

Record 32,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Ces «secteurs ressource» ne sont pas forcément des espaces bien dégagés et enherbés, mais peuvent être au contraire des espaces à circulation difficile si le relief et le moment dans la journée incitent les animaux à avoir un comportement de pâturage.  3, record 32, French, - comportement%20de%20p%C3%A2turage

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Le comportement de pâture d'un groupe de truies logées dans un parc semé de Ray Grass (130 X 50 m) a été suivi pendant le premier tiers de la gestation, au cours de 8 journées d'observation à raison de 9 heures par jour.  2, record 32, French, - comportement%20de%20p%C3%A2turage

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 OBS

comportement de pâturage : terme extrait du Glossaire de l'agriculture anglais/français et reproduit avec l'autorisation de l'OCDE.  4, record 32, French, - comportement%20de%20p%C3%A2turage

Record 32,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 33,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Antibody responsible for acute anaphylactic reactions(type 7 hypersensitivity reaction). It is usually of IgE class and its characteristic properties is to bind to IgE Fc receptors on most cells of their own species.  1, record 33, English, - reaginic%20antibody

Record 33,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Anticorps (chez l'homme de type IgE) responsable des réactions d'hypersensibilité immédiate.  3, record 33, French, - anticorps%20r%C3%A9aginique

Record 33,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 34,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The state of being an albino.  2, record 34, English, - albinism

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Albinos are animals in which the usual colouring matters characteristic of the species have not been produced in the skin and its appendages.  2, record 34, English, - albinism

Record 34,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 DEF

État caractérisé par l'absence [...] de pigmentation dans l'iris, la peau et les phanères ainsi qu'une altération du métabolisme de la mélanine chez les animaux.  1, record 34, French, - albinisme

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Cet état est le plus souvent d'origine génétique, donc héréditaire; il est déterminé par des gènes récessifs.  1, record 34, French, - albinisme

Record 34,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 35,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Among the classes of mass-transport phenomena in liquids, thermal diffusion(the Soret effect) is... characterized by the existence of a spontaneous matter flux in an inhomogeneously heated fluid mixture, this flux tending to separate the constituents.... From a more industrial point of view, whenever multiconstituent liquids are submitted to long-lasting temperature gradients, they are liable to experience thermal diffusive flows, modifying the distribution of the species concentration. Among the cases where this effect has been emphasized, we can mention the elaboration of high technology materials(solidification of semiconductors), the production or purification of light metals... and the optimization of petroleum extraction(by modelling of the hydrocarbon distribution in the reservoirs). So, knowledge of quantitative values of the Soret coefficient(which is the parameter characteristic of the phenomenon) for a wide domain of materials, in various thermodynamic conditions and physical configurations is needed for the above-mentioned basic and applied purposes.... The experimental determination of Soret coefficients in binary mixtures, denoted S_T, is obtained by measuring the steady concentration gradient produced by the imposition of a constant and uniform temperature gradient. This concentration gradient achieves a stationary state when thermal diffusion and interdiffusion(which tends to rehomogenize the mixture) exactly compensate each other.  1, record 35, English, - Soret%20coefficient

Record 35,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 CONT

M. Daguenet, Calcul du flux limite de diffusion en présence d'un gradient thermique sur une surface réactionnelle plane immergée dans une solution en mouvement laminaire. Application à la mesure du coefficient de Soret dans les liquides. C.R.A.S., Paris, 267, pp. 665-668 (1968).  1, record 35, French, - coefficient%20de%20Soret

Record 35,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 36,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Albinos are animals in which the usual colouring matters characteristic of the species have not been produced in the skin and its appendages.  2, record 36, English, - albino

Record 36,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Individu atteint d'albinisme.  1, record 36, French, - albinos

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 OBS

albinisme : État caractérisé par l'absence [...] de pigmentation dans l'iris, la peau et les phanères ainsi qu'une altération du métabolisme de la mélanine chez les animaux.  1, record 36, French, - albinos

Record 36,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 37,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The characteristic habitat of this species is the... Sudan-Sahel region, where annual precipitation is between 140 and 1098 mm and corresponds to the following bioclimatic conditions, based on their xerothermic index(xi=number of physiologically dry days per year, in accordance with UNESCO-FAO 1963) : desert(xi : 300-350), subdesert(xi : 200-300) to tropical hot and very dry(xi : 150-200)...  2, record 37, English, - xerothermic%20index

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 2 CONT

The two most important climatic elements that reflect the growth of plants are heat and water ... From this bases, the bioclimate of the studied areas are illustrated by Emberger"s Pluviometric Quotient and the Xerothermic index. ... The xerothermic index fluctuating between 98-112, which indicates a possibly 98 to 112 "biological" dry days that could occur during the 5 month dry period (May - September) ... The xerothermic index of 118, means out of the 5-month dry period from May to September ..., there are 118 "biological" dry days and the area is characterised by a weak Thermal-Mediterranean climate.  5, record 37, English, - xerothermic%20index

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 3 CONT

With respect to climate, the area has an average yearly temperature of 13°C, with a well-distributed rainfall of 450 mm, a xerothermal index of 33 days in July and August.  3, record 37, English, - xerothermic%20index

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 4 CONT

At Jacobabad, the dry season persists almost throughout the year and the xerothermic index rises to 330.  6, record 37, English, - xerothermic%20index

Record 37,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[...] nombre annuel de jours secs de la saison sèche, diminué par le nombre de jours de brouillard ou de rosée (comptés pour 1/2) et par les jours qui ont un certain état hygrométrique (comptés pour 9/10, 8/10, 7/10, suivant que l'état hygrométrique est de 40 à 60 pour cent, 60 à 80 pour cent, plus de 80 pour cent).  5, record 37, French, - indice%20x%C3%A9rothermique

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les climats dits désertiques ont le même régime saisonnier de précipitations que les climats voisins. L'aridité résulte de l'interférence de nombreux facteurs : - La faiblesse, voire l'inexistence, des précipitations [...] - La forte chaleur [...] - La fréquence du vent [...] On exprime en général cette aridité par l'indice xérothermique de Gaussen qui, combinant les facteurs ci-dessus énumérés, exprime le nombre de jours biologiquement secs dans une année : indice 0, pas de jour sec, indice 365, tous les jours sont secs. Aussi peut-on classer les climats selon cet indice [...]  6, record 37, French, - indice%20x%C3%A9rothermique

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 2 CONT

L'indice xérothermique (nombre de jours sans pluie compris dans les mois secs consécutifs d'une année), et les pluies utiles sont deux des principales mesures. Supérieures à 300, il s'agit d'une zone désertique et inférieure à 30-40, d'un monde tempéré. Le monde méditèrranéen se situe entre ces deux extrêmes. - Les mois secs avec l'indice de H.Gaussen (1920). C'est quand le total mensuel des précipitations est inférieur à deux fois les températures (diurnes).  3, record 37, French, - indice%20x%C3%A9rothermique

Record 37,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 38,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The most common form of fungal stain of the sap-stain type, producing a bluish discolo(u) ration.... Characteristic of sapwood but may occur in the light-coloured heartwood of perishable timbers; most commonly caused by species of Ceratocystis, Aureobasidium and Lasiodiplodia.  4, record 38, English, - blue%2Dstain

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The term «blue stain» has been standardized by ISO.  5, record 38, English, - blue%2Dstain

Record 38,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Modification de couleur du bois, abattu ou scié, qui devient bleuté sous l'effet de certains champignons. (Le bleuissement atteint surtout l'aubier des résineux, mais le bois conserve habituellement toute sa résistance.)  2, record 38, French, - bleuissement

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Le terme «bleuissement» a été normalisé par l'ISO et l'AFNOR.  3, record 38, French, - bleuissement

Record 38,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 39,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The possession of two or more species of a similar trait or characteristic that was not derived from an ancestor common to both species.  2, record 39, English, - homoplasy

Record 39,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Chaque cellule humaine possède plusieurs mitochondries et chaque mitochondrie plusieurs copies d'ADNmt. En général, les copies d'ADNmt sont toutes identiques, on parle alors d'homoplasmie. Cependant, il peut parfois y avoir un mélange de molécules normales et de molécules mutées, on parlera d'hétéroplasmie, phénomène presque constant dans le cas d'anomalies de l'ADNmt.  1, record 39, French, - homoplasmie

Record 39,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 40,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Regions of standing waters and the lifeform types of living organisms living in standing waters. The notion of plankton, characteristic features of bacterio, phyto and zooplankton and their species communities. Communities living on the surface membrane(neuston, pleuston). The living organisms of the sediment, the littoral zone and the deep waters. Biotecton. Macrophyton communities and the organisms living among them(metaphyton).  1, record 40, English, - biotecton

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Compare with "attached organisms" and "fouling organisms", of which the biotecton is constituted.  2, record 40, English, - biotecton

Record 40,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Partie de la flore immergée recouvrant le substrat plus ou moins solide.  2, record 40, French, - biotecton

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La flore est réduite à des formes benthiques, constituant un biotecton rarement épais, sur les cailloux et rochers humides ou immergés.  3, record 40, French, - biotecton

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Voir aussi les notions apparentées de «organismes fixés» (en anglais : «attached organisms», ou emprunt allemand «Aufwuchs»), expression descriptive qui se rapporte à ce qui forme le biotecton, et de «salissures» (en anglais : «fouling organisms»), résultat de la présence des organismes fixés.  4, record 40, French, - biotecton

Record 40,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Biotecton: está compuesto por todas aquellas comunidades vivas que recubren los sustratos sólidos del fondo, tales como piedras, detritos, etc.  1, record 40, Spanish, - biotecton

Record 41,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 41, Textual support number: 1 DEF

An environment characterized by abrupt or vertical rock faces over which a minimal film of water overflows.  3, record 41, English, - hygropetric%20habitat

Record number: 41, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... hygropetric(rocks overflowing with water) habitats have only recently received more attention and this has led to the discovery of a set of uniquely adapted species from various aquatic families, among them Dytiscidae. They usually exhibit characteristic morphological features, including the loss of proper swimming abilities, reduction of swimming hairs on the legs, and shorter and more robust body appendages(Balke et al. 1997).  4, record 41, English, - hygropetric%20habitat

Record number: 41, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Baynes Reservoir will to some extent reduce hygropetric habitats and shallow riffles but none of the cut-off pools and riffle habitats.  5, record 41, English, - hygropetric%20habitat

Record 41,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 41, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Près des torrents et des cascades, de fins films d'eau, de moins de deux millimètres d'épaisseur, s'écoulent le long des rochers, les laissant constamment humides. Dans ce milieu, appelé madicole ou hygropétrique, vivent des insectes aquatiques qui se tiennent collés au substrat de pierre ou parmi les algues accrochées sur ces parois ruisselantes. Des larves de Diptères sont particulièrement bien adaptées à la vie dans ces milieux et constituent plus de 60 % de la faune observée.  2, record 41, French, - habitat%20hygrop%C3%A9trique

Record 41,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 42,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 42, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The order of appearance of maturational patterns characteristic of the species.  1, record 42, English, - developmental%20sequence

Record 42,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 42, Textual support number: 1 CONT

C'est la séquence développementale qui est essentielle. Les étapes de cette séquence sont la résultante d'un programme de développement post-natal, déterminé génétiquement [...]  1, record 42, French, - s%C3%A9quence%20d%C3%A9veloppementale

Record 42,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 43,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 43, Textual support number: 1 CONT

An eutelic species is such where no intraspecific variation in cell number is found for a given sex, genotype and set of environmental conditions. Nematodes are generally thought to be eutelic ...  2, record 43, English, - eutelic

Record number: 43, Textual support number: 2 CONT

These animals are eutelic and individuals of each species have a characteristic and constant number of cells.  3, record 43, English, - eutelic

Record 43,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 43, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Dans la plupart des cas, on peut constater un arrêt de l'évolution orthogénétique, coïncidant avec le moment où les organismes ont atteint un degré d'adaptation très parfait aux conditions de leur milieu : aucun changement morphologique nouveau ne saurait améliorer leur physiologie. Ces organismes, bien équilibrés par rapport à leur milieu et qui en sont comme stabilisés, sont dits eutéliques.  1, record 43, French, - eut%C3%A9lique

Record 43,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 44,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 44, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Characteristic fauna have been described from areas experiencing siltation, increased sediment introduction causes a major shift in species with a loss of several important reef building corals.  2, record 44, English, - characteristic%20fauna

Record 44,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 44, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Il arrive souvent qu'au lieu d'un seul fossile [caractéristique], on en trouve plusieurs et qu'ils appartiennent à des espèces variées; on aura alors une «faune caractéristique». On pourra ainsi établir les raccords, les dates et les synchronismes, non plus sur une seule espèce, mais sur un ensemble.  1, record 44, French, - faune%20caract%C3%A9ristique

Record 44,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 45,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 45, Textual support number: 1 CONT

"Ecotone" : a zone of transition in which the conditions for each of the adjacent communities become more adverse and there is often an intermingling of species from both communities.... A general characteristic of the ecotone is that there are very often a greater number of species. In addition, the densities of many of the edge species is higher than it is for the neighboring communities.  2, record 45, English, - edge%20species

Record 45,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 45, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Voir fiches «écotone» et «écosystèmes voisins».  2, record 45, French, - esp%C3%A8ce%20de%20bordure

Record 45,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 46,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 46, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Each species has a characteristic combination of wing bars and tail pattern visible in flight, which aids in field identification; along with their similar but distinctive calls, this helps to maintain contact between members of a flock, which can number many thousand strong.  1, record 46, English, - tail%20pattern

Record 46,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 46, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Chaque espèce présente un arrangement caractéristique de barres alaires et de motif caudal visibles en vol, ce qui facilite l'identification sur le terrain.  1, record 46, French, - motif%20caudal

Record 46,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 47,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 47, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Large sized proloculus in di-or trimorphic species as characteristic for the generation of gamonts and schizonts and in contrast to the microsphere of the agamont.  1, record 47, English, - megalosphere

Record 47,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 47, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Il vaut mieux, par suite, en ce qui concerne les fossiles, - dont la reproduction est inconnue, parler de microsphères et de macrosphères que de schizontes et de gamontes.  1, record 47, French, - macrosph%C3%A8re

Record 47,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 48,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 48, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The problem of identifying cloud forms is not always an easy one, for although the classification of clouds into typical forms is of very great use it does not overcome the difficulty which arises from the fact that there is a gradual transition between the various types of cloud.  1, record 48, English, - cloud%20form

Record number: 48, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The term "form" refers usually to the ten basic characteristic forms of clouds or cloud genera(e. g. Cirrus, one of the ten cloud genera) ;the word "shape" refers to some of the features of cloud species(e. g. clouds in banks, veils, sheets or layers). In general language, they are synonyms.  4, record 48, English, - cloud%20form

Record 48,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 48, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Depuis, la couverture progressive du globe par le réseau des stations météorologiques et les nombreuses expéditions scientifiques dans les régions inhabitées ont montré que, si les fréquences d'apparition des diverses formes nuageuses étaient sensiblement différentes dans les diverses régions du globe, on pouvait cependant affirmer que les aspects des différents nuages sont dans l'ensemble comparables.  2, record 48, French, - forme%20des%20nuages

Record 48,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 49,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 49, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Traditionally, ales and stouts are produced by a top fermentation system. The yeast used is a species called Saccharomyces cerevisae, and its main characteristic is that it rises to the top during fermentation.  3, record 49, English, - top%20fermentation

Record number: 49, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Top fermentation is distinguished by the use of special, top-fermenting yeast.  4, record 49, English, - top%20fermentation

Record 49,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 49, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Procédé de brasserie faisant appel à l'action de Saccharomyces cerevisae et à une température située entre 15 et 25 °C; la souche se maintient dans la partie supérieure des cuves.  2, record 49, French, - fermentation%20haute

Record number: 49, Textual support number: 1 CONT

la fermentation haute, qui utilise les levures dites hautes se fait à une température relativement élevée.  3, record 49, French, - fermentation%20haute

Record 49,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 50,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 50, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A nastic movement in which plant parts, especially leaves and flowers, assume a characteristic position at night. These sleep movements most often result in a folding together of leaflets. In certain Acacia species the process seems to be a form of photonasty, as the assumption of the night position coincides with the onset of darkness. In other species the cycle of folding continues even if the plant is kept in the dark; the process is then clearly autonomic after than nastic.  1, record 50, English, - nyctinasty

Record 50,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 50, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Ensemble des mouvements de veille et de sommeil provoqués, chez certaines plantes par l'alternance du jour et de la nuit. (Ces nasties sont dues soit à des variations de la température ambiante[thermonastie : les fleurs de tulipe s'ouvrent lorsque la température augmente de 1° C], soit à des variations d'éclairement provoquant des différences de turgescence des renflements moteurs situés à la base des organes [pétioles, folioles, etc.]).  1, record 50, French, - nyctinastie

Record 50,  Textual support,  Spanish