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Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

While the crews were fishing, teams of shoremen(beach workers under the control of a beach master) washed, cleaned, salted and stacked the cod.... The shoremen had to gut, salt and spread out the cod on flakes or on the beaches so that it could dry. They turned the cod over periodically to protect it from moisture or too much heat.  1, record 1, English, - beach%20worker

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Tandis que les équipages des chaloupes pêchent, les équipes à terre (graviers dirigés par un maître de [grau]) lavent, nettoient, salent et empilent la morue. [...] Une fois la morue nettoyée et coupée, les graviers doivent l'étendre sur des vigneaux pour qu'elle sèche. Ils tournent les morues périodiquement pour les protéger de l'humidité ou d'une chaleur excessive.  3, record 1, French, - gravier

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

... fish which has recently been salted and is still moist.  6, record 2, English, - green%20fish

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The processes used for salting cod are generally the same in most areas and time periods, with some local variations. The colonial New England cod fishery is typical. Cod was either "dry cured" or "green cured. "For a dry cure, fish were usually cleaned, split, salted, and then stored aboard ship after each haul so they would not deteriorate at sea. Once the the ship returned to shore, the fish would be repacked, resalted, and eventually sun dried into tough, durable slabs that could be stacked and stored like wood. Dry curing was used when fishers traveled long distances to fishing grounds. In contrast, green curing, in which the fish were cleaned, salted, and dried on land rather than at sea, was used on shorter trips to nearby fishing grounds.... Because it was a faster process, green curing did not wring as much water out of the fish as dry curing. Green-cured fish therefore was considered to be of lower quality and did not last as long.  3, record 2, English, - green%20fish

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Distant-water fishing, that is, fishing in areas far removed from a country's domestic waters, existed well before the 19th century industrialization with, for example, Europeans fishing for Atlantic cod... off Newfoundland... Increasing competition between domestic and foreign fishing vessels for national fisheries resources was one of the motivations behind the series of international negotiations in the 1970s and 1980s, leading to the adoption of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea...  4, record 3, English, - distant%20water%20fishing

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Pesca que se efectúa en alta mar.  1, record 3, Spanish, - pesca%20de%20altura

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Cod moratorium of 1992.... the federal government banned cod fishing along Canada's east coast. This moratorium ended nearly five centuries of cod fishing in Newfoundland and Labrador.... The aim of the policy was to help restore cod stocks that had been depleted due to overfishing. Today, the cod population remains too low to support a full-scale fishery. For this reason, the ban is still largely in place.  2, record 4, English, - cod%20fishery%20moratorium

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Moratoire sur la pêche à la morue de 1992. [...] le gouvernement fédéral a interdit la pêche à la morue le long de la côte est du Canada. Ce moratoire a mis fin à près de cinq siècles de pêche à la morue à Terre-Neuve-et-Labrador. [...] L'objectif de cette politique était de contribuer à la restauration des stocks de morue qui avaient été épuisés en raison de surpêche. Aujourd'hui, la population de morue reste trop faible pour permettre une pêche à grande échelle. C'est pourquoi l'interdiction est encore largement en vigueur.  4, record 4, French, - moratoire%20sur%20la%20p%C3%AAche%20%C3%A0%20la%20morue

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

El 2 de julio de 1992, el Gobierno canadiense anunció una moratoria sobre la pesca del bacalao, confirmando que las poblaciones habían colapsado.  1, record 4, Spanish, - moratoria%20sobre%20la%20pesca%20del%20bacalao

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The seine can be operated by... two boats(pair seining). During the fishing operation, the seine ropes herd the fish into the path of the net. The length of seine rope to a large extent determines the shape and size of the fished area. The boat seine is commonly used to catch benthic species such as flounders and soles, but also other demersal species such as cod.  2, record 5, English, - pair%20seining

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A person who engages in cod fishing on the Newfoundland Banks.  3, record 6, English, - banker

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Marin qui fait la pêche à la morue sur les bancs de Terre-Neuve.  5, record 6, French, - terre%2Dneuvas

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Le terme [terre-neuva] créé au début de XXe siècle a remplacé son synonyme plus ancien, terre-neuvier.  6, record 6, French, - terre%2Dneuvas

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A vessel used in fishing for cod.  1, record 7, English, - cod%20fisher

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Bateau spécialement équipé pour la pêche à la morue.  3, record 7, French, - morutier

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 8,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... dry cod fishing, also called sedentary fishing[, ] was carried out in land-based long-boats along the coasts of Newfoundland and North America. Cod was salted and dried on shore; thus ships were not used for fishing but rather to transport crews which could be quite sizable(more than 150 men) since they worked partly on land.  2, record 8, English, - sedentary%20fishing

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

Record 8,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 9,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The commonest type of fishing vessel is the trawler[, ] which catches both demersal and pelagic [fish] species.... When the trawl [net] is brought up[, ] it releases its catch in the cod end[, ] down the fish hatch in the trawl deck.  3, record 9, English, - trawl%20deck

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

Record 9,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 10,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

According to [the] policy, a core fish harvester is a full time experienced enterprise owner with [a licence or licences] to fish key species such as cod, crab, and shrimp, and obtains 75 [percent] of his/her income earnings directly from fishing.  5, record 10, English, - core%20fish%20harvester

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

Record 10,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 11,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Human-induced mortality in Pacific Canadian waters is primarily from continued interactions with fishing gears as well as collisions with vessels... Records indicate that basking sharks are readily caught by trawl... and easily become entangled in longlines, gillnets, prawn traps, cod traps, and even herring seines.  2, record 11, English, - anthropogenic%20mortality

Record 11,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La mortalité anthropique dans les eaux canadiennes du Pacifique est principalement attribuable aux interactions de l'espèce avec les engins de pêche et aux collisions avec les bateaux [...] Les enregistrements montrent que les pèlerins peuvent se prendre facilement dans les chaluts [...] et s'emmêler dans les palangres, les filets maillants et les trappes à crevettes et à morue, et même dans les sennes à hareng.  2, record 11, French, - mortalit%C3%A9%20d%27origine%20anthropique

Record 11,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 12,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 OBS

On December 30, 1981, the Canada/EEC Long-Term Fisheries Agreement... was signed in Brussels … In announcing the Agreement, Ministers MacGuigan and LeBlanc indicated that Canada's benefits from the Agreement would involve substantial reductions of the tariff rates levied by the EC [European Community] on cod, herring and redfish products of special interest to the Canadian fishing industry. This was expected to significantly improve the Canadian industry's competitive position in the European market. The fishing rights and tariff rate quota benefits under the Agreement would extend from 1982 to 1987...  2, record 12, English, - Canada%2DEuropean%20Community%20Long%20Term%20Fisheries%20Agreement

Record 12,  Textual support,  French

Record 12,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 13,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Cod fishing in Newfoundland was carried out at a subsistence level for centuries, but broad-scale fishing began shortly after the European discovery of the North American continent in 1492, with the waters being found to be preternaturally plentiful, and ended after intense overfishing with the collapse of the fisheries in the 1990s.  2, record 13, English, - cod%20fishing

Record 13,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Avec la modernisation des techniques de pêche et de l'équipement, la pêche à la morue est très intensive pendant les années 1980.  2, record 13, French, - p%C3%AAche%20%C3%A0%20la%20morue

Record 13,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 14,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Orangemen's Day, also known as Orange Day is celebrated on July 12th. In Newfoundland and Labrador it is usually celebrated on the Monday nearest to July 12th. Orangemen's Day commemorates the 1690 Protestant victory over Roman Catholic forces in the Battle of the Boyne in Ireland. King William III of Orange, the Protestant King of England, defeated former King James II, a Catholic. The Orange Order was established a century after the Battle of the Boyne and steadily grew in the 19th century as a patriotic bulwark against what many Protestants saw as treasonous Catholicism. By the end of the 19th century Orangemen's parades were commonplace in many Newfoundland communities. In some Newfoundland and Labrador communities, Orangemen's Day celebrations are rescheduled in the winter season so that fishermen on the northeast coast do not lose money during the lucrative cod fishing season.  1, record 14, English, - Orangemen%27s%20Day

Record 14,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 OBS

À Terre-Neuve, la Saint-Patrick, la Saint-Georges, le jour de la Découverte, le jour du Souvenir (30 juin) et la fête des Orangistes sont aussi des fêtes légales.  1, record 14, French, - f%C3%AAte%20des%20Orangistes

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 2 OBS

L'ordre d'Orange est une société fraternelle protestante fondée en 1795 en Irlande pour commémorer la victoire de Guillaume d'Orange lors de la bataille de la Boyne en 1690. Pendant l'insurrection irlandaise de 1798, l'ordre d'Orange devient le principal lien entre le gouvernement britannique et les protestants d'Irlande, alors que les Orangistes remplissent les rangs de la milice volontaire et occupent la majorité des postes de la fonction publique. Bien qu'il demeure puissant en Ulster, l'ordre d'Orange perd presque toute son influence en Irlande après l'adoption du Catholic Imancipation Act en 1829. Les loges orangistes adoptent un rituel et un fonctionnement de style maçonnique fondés sur l'entraide mutuelle et l'organisation d'événements à caractère social. Les Orangistes qui s'installent en Grande-Bretagne et dans les colonies britanniques sont aidés par les loges locales qui facilitent leur intégration au nouveau milieu.  2, record 14, French, - f%C3%AAte%20des%20Orangistes

Record 14,  Textual support,  Spanish