TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

If there is not a full jury of twelve at the commencement of the presentation of the evidence, then the alternates shall replace any absent juror.  2, record 1, English, - full%20jury

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

In a criminal case, the full jury must be unanimous for a verdict to be reached.  3, record 1, English, - full%20jury

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Un jury complet («full jury») est normalement formé de douze jurés. [...] Ce nombre varie selon les régimes de droit et l'importance des affaires dont il faut connaître. Par exemple, le jury civil est formé dans plusieurs ressorts de six jurés seulement. Au Nouveau-Brunswick, le jury siégeant dans le cadre d'une instance civile se compose de sept personnes.  1, record 1, French, - jury%20complet

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A person who has been blamed for wrongdoing.  4, record 2, English, - accused

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

accused : generic name for the defendant in a criminal case.  5, record 2, English, - accused

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Selon le Juridictionnaire, il conviendrait de mettre de l'ordre dans la terminologie du Code criminel. On pourrait résumer comme suit le nouvel usage proposé au sujet des infractions faisant l'objet de poursuites par voie de mise en accusation : Le terme «inculpé» (qui s'entendait à l'origine d'une personne considérée comme coupable d'une faute) aurait une vocation générique et s'emploierait pour désigner toute personne à qui une telle infraction est imputée. On établirait par ailleurs une distinction entre «prévenu» et «accusé». La personne poursuivie par voie de mise en accusation s'appellerait prévenu au cours des étapes préalables au procès (par exemple : l'enquête préliminaire) et deviendrait l'accusé à partir du moment où un acte d'accusation («indictment») serait présenté contre elle, le cas échéant. Cet emploi permettrait d'établir un lien logique entre «acte d'accusation» et «accusé».  5, record 2, French, - accus%C3%A9

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Persona a la que en un procedimiento penal o criminal se le imputa la comisión de un delito.  4, record 2, Spanish, - acusado

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

acusado; imputado; procesado; inculpado: términos y definición reproducidos del Glosario Provisional de Términos Juridícos con la autorización de la Oficina de las Naciones Unidas en Ginebra.  5, record 2, Spanish, - acusado

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A formal response by the defendant to the affirmative assertions of the plaintiff in a civil case or to the charges of the prosecutor in a criminal case.  3, record 3, English, - plea

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In legal terminology, a plea is simply an answer to a claim made by someone in a civil or criminal case under common law using the adversary system. Collequially, a plea has come to mean the assertion by a criminal defendant, at arraignment or otherwise in response to a criminal charge, whether he is guilty or not guilty.  3, record 3, English, - plea

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 2 CONT

pleading: A formal statement, generally written, propounding the cause of action or the defense in a case.  4, record 3, English, - plea

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Déclaration par laquelle un accusé prend position à l'égard de l'accusation qui a été portée contre lui.  2, record 3, French, - plaidoyer

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

plaidoyer : terme parfois employé en procédure civile, pour désigner l'acte de procédure produit par le défendeur.  2, record 3, French, - plaidoyer

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The Court's focus on individualization in sentencing. Individualized sentencing—examining the individual facts in each case to determine the appropriate sentence—is a well-accepted value in criminal cases.  1, record 4, English, - individualization%20in%20sentencing

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Notre Cour a maintes fois souligné la valeur accordée à l'individualisation de la peine [...] En conséquence, lorsqu'il détermine quelle est la peine juste dans l'espèce dont il est saisi, le juge doit tenir compte des circonstances aggravantes ou atténuantes (al. 718.2a) du Code criminel), ainsi que des facteurs objectifs et subjectifs liés à la situation personnelle du délinquant.  1, record 4, French, - individualisation%20de%20la%20peine

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The CIT, also known as the guilty knowledge test [GKT], is used in criminal investigations to examine whether a person recognizes crime-relevant information that innocent people would not know. In the CIT, an examiner presents several items to an examinee, one of which is a crime-relevant item. The items are selected such that innocent examinees would not be able to distinguish the crime-relevant(critical) item from the crime-irrelevant(non-critical) items. Each item is presented once in a block and this block is repeated several times in different presentation orders. During the CIT, the examiner records physiological responses to the items. In the case that the responses do not differ between the critical and non-critical items, the examiner would infer that the examinee does not recognize the critical item. On the other hand, in the case that the responses differ between the critical and non-critical items, the examiner would infer that the examinee recognizes the critical item.  1, record 5, English, - concealed%20information%20test

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le test des solutions connues et inconnues [...] a pour but de récolter des informations au sujet du crime que le suspect ne lâche pas […] Ce test permet de vérifier si la personne interrogée possède ladite "connaissance de culpabilité [...] On montre, par exemple, un certain nombre de couteaux, dont l'un constitut l'arme du crime. Tant le suspect coupable que le suspect innocent donneront une réponse négative à chaque fois qu'il leur est montré un couteau et qu'il leur est demandé s'ils l'ont utilisé pour commettre le meurtre. Or, le suspect coupable reconnaîtra le couteau qu'il a utilisé. C'est ce que nous appelons la connaissance de culpabilité et ce savoir déclenche une activité physiologique accrue.  2, record 5, French, - test%20de%20la%20connaissance%20coupable

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Did anyone talk to you about your role in court as a witness? The role of the Crown prosecutor in handling the case? The Crown's relationship with you? Did anyone give you a general explanation of the criminal justice process?... Whether the accused was released on bail? When the accused was released on bail? Conditions of bail, if any?(e. g., non-communication order, etc.)... Whether the accused pleaded guilty? Whether there were any agreements made with the accused to plead guilty?  1, record 6, English, - released%20on%20bail

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Est-ce que quelqu'un vous a parlé de votre rôle comme témoin devant la Cour? Le rôle du procureur de la Couronne dans le traitement de la cause? Le lien entre vous et le procureur de la Couronne? Est-ce que quelqu'un vous a donné une explication générale du système de justice pénale? [...] Savez-vous si l'accusé a été mis en liberté sur cautionnement? Quand l'accusé a-t-il été mis en liberté sur cautionnement? Des conditions touchant le cautionnement, s'il en est? (p. ex., ordonnance de non-communication, etc.) [...] Savez-vous si l'accusé a plaidé coupable? S'il y a eu des arrangements pris avec l'accusé afin qu'il plaide coupable?  1, record 6, French, - mis%20en%20libert%C3%A9%20sur%20cautionnement

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A document arising out of a civil or criminal court case, such as a statement of claim, a petition for divorce or a subpoena.  2, record 7, English, - legal%20document

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Legal documents do not include documents arising out of a court martial or summary hearing, or concerning official [Department of National Defence] or [Canadian Armed Forces] matters.  2, record 7, English, - legal%20document

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 2 OBS

legal document: designation and definition officially approved by the Defence Terminology Standardization Board.  3, record 7, English, - legal%20document

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Document découlant d'une affaire judiciaire civile ou criminelle, comme une déclaration, une requête en divorce ou une assignation à comparaitre.  3, record 7, French, - document%20juridique

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Les documents juridiques ne comprennent pas les documents découlant d'une cour martiale ou d'une audience sommaire, ou concernant des questions officielles du [ministère de la Défense nationale] ou des [Forces armées canadiennes].  3, record 7, French, - document%20juridique

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 2 OBS

document juridique : désignation et définition uniformisées par le Conseil de normalisation de terminologie de la défense.  4, record 7, French, - document%20juridique

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 8,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 OBS

[A] CBSA [Canada Border Services Agency] database that accumulates data to allow high-speed/high-volume querying by other applications against multiple sources including the following : Global Case Management System(GCMS) – Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada(IRCC) – information related to Criminal Removals; Lost, Stolen, Fraudulent documents(LSFDs) ;and Criminal Records in Canada and the US.  1, record 8, English, - Interdiction%20and%20Border%20Alert%20System

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 OBS

[...] base de données de l’ASFC [Agence des services frontaliers du Canada] recueille des données permettant à d’autres applications de lancer des recherches haute vitesse ou de masse auprès de sources multiples, notamment celles-ci : Système mondial de gestion des cas (SMGC) – Immigration, Réfugiés et Citoyenneté Canada (IRCC) – information relative aux renvois pour activités criminelles; données sur les documents perdus, volés ou frauduleux (DPVF); casiers judiciaires au Canada et aux États-Unis.  1, record 8, French, - Syst%C3%A8me%20d%27interdiction%20et%20d%27alerte%20%C3%A0%20la%20fronti%C3%A8re

Record 8,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 10,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A defense that rebuts the criminal elements that a prosecutor must establish to justify the submission of a criminal case to a jury.  1, record 10, English, - derivative%20defense

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

Record 10,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 11,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[Any] process in which electronic data is sought, located, secured, and searched with the intent of using it as evidence in a civil or criminal legal case.  1, record 11, English, - electronic%20discovery

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

E-discovery can be carried out offline on a particular computer or it can be done in a network. Court-ordered or government sanctioned hacking for the purpose of obtaining critical evidence is also a type of e-discovery.  1, record 11, English, - electronic%20discovery

Record 11,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Processus par lequel des informations ou documents électroniques sont recherchés, identifiés et rassemblés pour la production d'éléments de preuve.  1, record 11, French, - investigation%20informatique

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Le mot «découverte» est impropre en ce sens.  1, record 11, French, - investigation%20informatique

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 2 OBS

investigation informatique : terme et définition publiés au Journal officiel de la République française le 15 août 2010.  2, record 11, French, - investigation%20informatique

Record 11,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 13,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The Task Force recommends legislative reform of the character evidence rule in criminal cases in the following respects :(1) character of a complainant in a sexual case;(2) putting an accused's character in issue;(3) proof of other offences pursuant to sections 317 and 318 of the Criminal Code; and(4) character of the victim in offences other than sexual offences.  1, record 13, English, - character%20evidence%20rule

Record 13,  Textual support,  French

Record 13,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 14,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[...] failure to attend a court date related to a criminal case can have severely adverse consequences to a defendant. [...] if a person does not make a court appearance when requested, a default warrant can be issued. While the underlying basis for a default warrant differs from that of an arrest warrant, the resulting action is essentially the same – with both warrants, the police have the power to arrest the defendant. Once a warrant has been issued by a court, the original case which brought the defendant to court in the first place is temporarily suspended until the defendant returns to court to remove the warrant.  1, record 14, English, - default%20warrant

Record 14,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Lorsqu’une personne n’assiste pas à son procès, pour une infraction au Code criminel, un défaut mandat est émis contre elle. Ce document oblige la personne à se présenter devant un juge. Ainsi, si elle se fait interpeller par un policier, ce dernier pourra la détenir le temps qu’un juge soit disponible afin qu’elle comparaisse devant lui.  1, record 14, French, - d%C3%A9faut%20mandat

Record 14,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 15,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 CONT

"The law with respect to the doctrine of scienter is relatively clear. The owner of a dog which bites another will not be liable simply for being the owner. Liability will only attach under the doctrine if ... three conditions ... have been satisfied: .... the plaintiff (not the defendant) must establish that the defendant was the owner of the dog, that the dog had manifested a propensity to cause the type of harm occasioned, and that the owner knew of that propensity."  1, record 15, English, - doctrine%20of%20scienter

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Ireland(IE) seems not to have introduced the concept of criminal liability of heads of businesses, requiring ’guilty knowledge’ in any case.  4, record 15, English, - doctrine%20of%20scienter

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Scienter. A degree of knowledge that makes a person legally responsible for the consequences of his or her act or omission; the fact of an act’s having been done knowingly, especially as a ground for civil damages or criminal punishment.  5, record 15, English, - doctrine%20of%20scienter

Record 15,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Quant à l'Irlande, elle ne semble pas avoir introduit la notion de responsabilité pénale des chefs d'entreprise, exigeant une «connaissance coupable» dans tous les cas.  2, record 15, French, - th%C3%A9orie%20de%20connaissance%20coupable

Record 15,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 16,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Judicial proceedings refer to any proceedings that take place in a court of law in which a judge presides. The proceedings can be either criminal or civil. The judge need not even be the one making the final decision on the case in order for proceedings to be considered judicial proceedings, as long as the action is occurring in a court room where the judge has authority.  3, record 16, English, - judicial%20proceedings

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 2 CONT

It is not necessary for the individual to be personally named in the judicial proceeding for this policy to apply.  4, record 16, English, - judicial%20proceedings

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Proceedings (judicial proceedings). A term sometimes used as including, or meaning, an action or prosecution, and sometimes as meaning a step in action.  5, record 16, English, - judicial%20proceedings

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Proceeding(s): In reference to the business done by tribunals of all kinds, the proceeding and the proceedings are interchangeable. And both are so common that it would be impossible to brand either one as inferior.  6, record 16, English, - judicial%20proceedings

Record 16,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Il n'est pas nécessaire que la personne ait été expressément nommée dans l'instance judiciaire pour que cette politique s'applique.  3, record 16, French, - instance%20judiciaire

Record 16,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 17,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 DEF

This is a criminal case where the state charges that the defendant committed aggravated murder and seeks the death penalty.  2, record 17, English, - capital%20case

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A capital case is a legal case in which a defendant is accused of committing a capital offense and is potentially eligible for capital punishment.  3, record 17, English, - capital%20case

Record 17,  Textual support,  French

Record 17,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 18,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A confession normally has great probative value in a criminal case.  3, record 18, English, - probative%20value

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 OBS

A term used to describe the relative benefit or importance to a party’s case of some item of probative evidence.  3, record 18, English, - probative%20value

Record 18,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 OBS

force probante; valeur probante : termes normalisés par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 18, French, - force%20probante

Record 18,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 19,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The Task Force feels that the test formulated in Shephard's case,... adequately incorporates a reference to the criminal standard of persuasion beyond a reasonable doubt....(Fed./Prov. Task Force, p. 21)  1, record 19, English, - standard%20of%20persuasion

Record 19,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 OBS

norme de persuasion : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 19, French, - norme%20de%20persuasion

Record 19,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 20,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A statement of how convincing the evidence must be in order for a party to comply with his/her burden of proof. (Black’s, p. 1094)  1, record 20, English, - standard%20of%20proof

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 OBS

In criminal cases the charge must be proved beyond reasonable doubt, but there may be degrees within that standard.... So also in civil cases the case must be proved by a preponderance of probability, but there may be degrees of probability within that standard. The degree depends on the subject-matter.(Fed./Prov. Task Force, p. 23; Cross, p. 111)  1, record 20, English, - standard%20of%20proof

Record 20,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 OBS

norme de preuve : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 20, French, - norme%20de%20preuve

Record 20,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 21,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The courts have shown great reluctance to define the term "person in authority", preferring to proceed on a case by case basis.... The majority of the Task Force therefore recommends a general definition--"a person in authority is someone having authority over the accused in relation to a criminal proceeding"--leaving it to the courts to determine in each particular case whether the authority exists.(Fed./Prov. Task Force, p. 176)  1, record 21, English, - person%20in%20authority

Record 21,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 OBS

personne en autorité : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 21, French, - personne%20en%20autorit%C3%A9

Record 21,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 22,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 CONT

It is common practice for the Crown to briefly address the judge and jury, outlining the theory of its case before it calls its first witness. Both the prosecution and the defence in their opening addresses... must confine themselves to an exposition of their case.(Del Buono, Canadian Criminal Procedure, 1981, p. 656).  1, record 22, English, - opening%20address

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 OBS

At the opening of the trial counsel for the plaintiff-or the Crown in a criminal case-orally outlines to the court the fact-allegations he proposes to prove. That done he begins presentation of the supporting evidence.... At the end of all evidence introduced for the plaintiff or the Crown, counsel for the defendant may similarly address the court and present evidence in support of his client's fact-allegations.(Schiff, Evidence in the Litigation Process, 1978, p. 27)  1, record 22, English, - opening%20address

Record 22,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 OBS

exposé introductif : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 22, French, - expos%C3%A9%20introductif

Record 22,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 23,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A term sometimes used in criminal evidence to denote an hypothesis or theory of the case which assumes the defendant's innocence, and explains the criminative evidence in a manner consistent with that assumption.(Black's, p. 700)  1, record 23, English, - infirmative%20hypothesis

Record 23,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 OBS

hypothèse disculpatoire; hypothèse infirmative : termes normalisés par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 23, French, - hypoth%C3%A8se%20disculpatoire

Record 23,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 24,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The level of persuasiveness required in a lawsuit to prove the case. In civil actions, the measure is ordinarily preponderance of the evidence. In criminal prosecutions, proof beyond a reasonable doubt is required to convict.  3, record 24, English, - degree%20of%20proof

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Refers to effect of evidence rather than medium by which truth is established. (Black’s, p. 1094)  2, record 24, English, - degree%20of%20proof

Record 24,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 OBS

degré de preuve : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 24, French, - degr%C3%A9%20de%20preuve

Record 24,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 25,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The board's new systems will feature a centralized tax processing centre, a large case and specialty audit section, an automated PAYE system, integrated value added tax, pay-as-you-earn and income tax processing systems and a criminal investigation section.  1, record 25, English, - specialty%20audit%20section

Record 25,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 OBS

section de l'audit spécialisé : Le Bureau de la traduction du gouvernement du Canada recommande l’usage du terme «audit» comme équivalent de l’anglais «audit» dans le domaine de la comptabilité (REC-13/2013-02).  1, record 25, French, - section%20de%20l%27audit%20sp%C3%A9cialis%C3%A9

Record 25,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 26,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A search warrant issued under subsection(1) may be in Form 5 in part XXVIII of the Criminal Code, varied to suit the case, and must... b) state that, at that hearing, an order will be sought for the sending to the state or entity of the records or things seized in execution of the warrant...  3, record 26, English, - order%20of%20sending

Record 26,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le mandat de perquisition peut-être redigé selon la formule 5 de la partie XXVIII du Code Criminel, compte tenu des adaptations de circonstance, et comporte les élements suivants : [...] b) un avis portant qu'à cette audition une ordonnance de transmission à l'État ou entité des objets ou document saisis ou exécution du mandat sera demandée [...]  2, record 26, French, - ordonnance%20de%20transmission

Record 26,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 27,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A victim is ordinarily a compelling witness in a criminal case. He or she seeks only justice.  1, record 27, English, - compelling%20witness

Record 27,  Textual support,  French

Record 27,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 28,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The use of statistical evidence in a jury trial poses specific problems for the parties and the attorneys. This is so in both civil and criminal cases. The effective communication of statistical evidence can be of critical importance to the jury's impression of the case. Statistical evidence in civil cases might involve business concepts, such as market share in an antitrust dispute or the analysis of the racial or age makeup of the workforce in an employment discrimination case.  2, record 28, English, - statistical%20evidence

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 2 CONT

A prima facie case established through statistical evidence may be rebutted either by evidence which offers a non-discriminatory explanation of the specific situation or by challenging the statistical evidence.  3, record 28, English, - statistical%20evidence

Record 28,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Une preuve prima facie établie au moyen de statistiques pourrait être réfutée soit par une preuve qui offre une explication non discriminatoire d'une situation particulière, soit par la contestation d'une preuve statistique.  2, record 28, French, - preuve%20statistique

Record 28,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Un contenido exiguo porque [...] ni se reconoce la aplicación del principio de prueba o prueba prima facie o prueba de la verdad interina [...], ni aparece expresamente recogida la prueba estadística a los efectos de la prueba de discriminación indirecta.  1, record 28, Spanish, - prueba%20estad%C3%ADstica

Record 29,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Until now there simply has been no right guaranteed by the Federal Constitution to be free from the use at trial of a voluntary admission made prior to indictment.  2, record 29, English, - voluntary%20admission

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Admission. A voluntary acknowledgment made by a party to a lawsuit or in a criminal prosecution that certain facts that are inconsistent with the party’s claims in the controversy are true.  3, record 29, English, - voluntary%20admission

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 2 OBS

An admission is not the same as a confession. A confession is an acknowledgment of guilt in a criminal case. Admissions usually apply to civil matters; in criminal cases they apply only to matters of fact that do not involve criminal intent.  3, record 29, English, - voluntary%20admission

Record 29,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La question de savoir si un aveu était volontaire ne se pose que s'il est statué au préalable, qu'il a été fait à une «personne en situation d'autorité».  1, record 29, French, - aveu%20volontaire

Record 29,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 30,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The Advanced Issues for Prosecutors course, designed for experienced practitioners, examined complex case issues including wiretap and prosecutions of criminal organizations.  1, record 30, English, - Advanced%20Issues%20for%20Prosecutors

Record 30,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Le cours intitulé : Questions spécialisées s'adressant aux procureurs, s'adresse aux praticiens expérimentés et porte sur des questions complexes, notamment l'écoute électronique et les poursuites d'organisations criminelles.  1, record 30, French, - Questions%20sp%C3%A9cialis%C3%A9es%20s%27adressant%20aux%20procureurs

Record 30,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 31,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In theory, the common law of torts adheres to a single standard of care and refuses to recognize different degrees of negligence.... This viewpoint stands in contrast to the criminal law which regards "negligent" and "reckless" driving as distinct offences.... A number of jurisdictions in Canada... has borrowed this idea and introduced it into the sphere of tort liability, for example by relieving the driver of a car from liability to gratuitous passengers except in the case of "gross" negligence or "wilful", "wanton" or "reckless" misconduct.  1, record 31, English, - reckless%20misconduct

Record 31,  Textual support,  French

Record 31,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 32,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The Police Reporting and Occurrence System(PROS) is the replacement solution for the RCMP's aging occurrence and records management system. With a single point of data entry for storing and accessing complete police occurrence information, PROS will make it easier to document, manage, access and exchange information on case files. Capable of adapting to future technologies, it will also be able to meet evolving policing needs. PROS is designed to improve information sharing and system integration among criminal justice community partners. A key integrating system, PROS is a crucial building block of the Canada Public Safety Information Network(CPSIN), a national network of partners mandated to improve electronic information exchange within the criminal justice and law enforcement communities.  3, record 32, English, - Police%20Reporting%20and%20Occurrence%20System

Record 32,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Le Système d'incidents et de rapports de police (SIRP) remplacera le système vieillissant qui sert actuellement à la gestion des dossiers de la GRC sur les incidents. Guichet unique pour la saisie, le stockage et la consultation de données complètes sur les incidents, le SIRP facilitera la documentation, la gestion, la consultation et l'échange des renseignements contenus dans les dossiers de police. Grâce à sa capacité d'adaptation aux nouvelles technologies, il permettra également de suivre l'évolution des besoins des services de police. Le SIRP est un élément clé de l'Initiative d'intégration de l'information de la justice (IIIJ), qui vise à améliorer l'échange de renseignements et l'intégration des systèmes entre les partenaires de la justice pénale. Étant un système d'intégration clé, il constitue également une composante cruciale du Réseau canadien d'information pour la sécurité publique (RCISP), un réseau national de partenaires ayant pour mandat d'améliorer l'information électronique dans les collectivités de la justice pénale et de l'application de la loi.  2, record 32, French, - Syst%C3%A8me%20d%27incidents%20et%20de%20rapports%20de%20police

Record 32,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 33,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Court may order pretrial disclosure in particular case...(1) After the indictment is presented in any criminal proceedings, the court may order both the prosecutor and the accused person to undertake pre-trial in accordance with this Division.  2, record 33, English, - pre%2Dtrial%20disclosure

Record 33,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Bien que la divulgation préalable à l'audience ne soit pas exigée, la Commission encourage les parties à collaborer et à divulguer et échanger volontairement, avant l'audience, tous les documents ou autre pièces pertinentes.  1, record 33, French, - divulgation%20pr%C3%A9alable

Record 33,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 34,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Despite the errors of law that had occurred in the lower courts, the Crown argued before the Supreme Court that the circumstances did not warrant overturning a guilty verdict against the accused. It relied on provisions in the Criminal Code designed to avoid the setting aside of convictions when only relatively minor or harmless errors of law had been committed. This characterization of the breach of language rights in the case at bar was unacceptable to the Supreme Court.  1, record 34, English, - breach%20of%20language%20rights

Record 34,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Malgré les erreurs de droit qui avaient été commises lors des instances précédentes, le ministère public a soutenu devant la Cour suprême que les circonstances ne justifiaient pas que l'on infirme la déclaration de culpabilité de l'accusé. Il s'est fié aux dispositions du Code criminel visant à éviter l'infirmation des déclarations de culpabilité dans le cas d'erreurs de droit relativement mineures ou sans conséquence. Une telle description de la violation des droits linguistiques en l'espèce a été jugée inacceptable par la Cour suprême.  1, record 34, French, - violation%20des%20droits%20linguistiques

Record 34,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 35,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The vehicle damage insurance, better known under the term "full coverage"... protects, the vehicle against any material damage whether or not the driver is at fault in the accident. It exists under two forms : the vehicle damage option always contains an excess, while the combined collision damage insurance also contains an excess in principle, which is disregarded, however, in the case of a collision with a third party or an identified criminal.  2, record 35, English, - vehicle%20own%20damage%20insurance

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 OBS

vehicle damage coverage: term found in the context of public auto insurance uniformity in New Brunswick.  4, record 35, English, - vehicle%20own%20damage%20insurance

Record 35,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Assurance garantissant la réparation ou le remplacement d'un véhicule terrestre après accident, incendie ou vol.  1, record 35, French, - assurance%20corps%20de%20v%C3%A9hicule

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 OBS

assurance corps de véhicule; assurance des dommages au véhicule; assurance dégâts subis : termes normalisés par l'AFNOR. Extrait de la norme NF-K40-001, reproduite avec l'autorisation de l'AFNOR.  3, record 35, French, - assurance%20corps%20de%20v%C3%A9hicule

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 2 OBS

garantie dommages au véhicule : terme retrouvé dans le contexte de l'uniformisation de l'assurance automobile publique au Nouveau-Brunswick.  4, record 35, French, - assurance%20corps%20de%20v%C3%A9hicule

Record 35,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 36,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A motion to arrest a judgment reaches only those defects appearing upon the face of the record and the "face of the record" in a criminal case is the indictment, plea, verdict and judgment.  2, record 36, English, - arrest%20judgment

Record 36,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[...] la Cour de sûreté de l'État conclut [...] qu'il y avait lieu de surseoir au jugement de la requérante, que le jugement serait rendu si, dans les trois mois à compter de la date de sursis, l'intéressée était condamnée en sa qualité d'éditrice pour une infraction intentionnelle [...]  5, record 36, French, - retenir%20son%20jugement

Record 36,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 37,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The Advocacy Center offers a two-credit week-long course for training law students to be trial lawyers-ITAP-the Intensive Trial Advocacy Program. This innovative course immerses students in trial practice for seven full days, under the direction of a 25-person faculty. In one intense week, students learn to try a civil or criminal case, an opportunity available at few law schools across the country.  1, record 37, English, - Intensive%20Trial%20Advocacy%20Program

Record 37,  Textual support,  French

Record 37,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 38,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Section 17, therefore, violates s. 7 to the extent that it compels suspects to testify in an investigatory proceeding, which is in effect a criminal investigation, so as to build up a case against themselves through their own self-incriminating testimony and evidence derived from such testimony.  1, record 38, English, - investigatory%20proceeding

Record 38,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'article 17 viole donc l'art. 7 dans la mesure où il contraint les suspects à témoigner dans le cadre d'une procédure d'enquête criminelle, afin de réunir des éléments de preuve contre eux-mêmes par leurs propres temoignages incriminants et par la preuve dérivée de ces témoignages.  1, record 38, French, - proc%C3%A9dure%20d%27enqu%C3%AAte

Record 38,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 39,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A recognizance of bail, in a criminal case, is taken to secure the due attendance of the party accused, to answer the indictment, and to submit to a trial, and the judgement of the court thereon. It is not designed as a satisfaction for the offence, when it is forfeited and paid; but as a means of compelling the party to submit to the trial and punishment, which the law ordains for his offence.  2, record 39, English, - recognizance%20of%20bail

Record 39,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Est coupable d'un acte criminel et passible d'un emprisonnement maximal de cinq ans quiconque, sans autorisation ou excuse légitime, dont la preuve lui incombe, reconnaît au nom d'un autre tribunal, un juge ou autre personne autorisée à recevoir une telle reconnaissance, un engagement de caution une confession de jugement [...] acte ou autre instrument.  2, record 39, French, - engagement%20de%20caution

Record 39,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 40,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 1 DEF

An admission of facts tending to establish guilt.  2, record 40, English, - incriminating%20admission

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Where the sole admission by the defendant is no more than an incriminating admission not amounting to a confession, it is not error to refuse to charge on confessions.  3, record 40, English, - incriminating%20admission

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 1 OBS

An admission is not the same as a confession. A confession is an acknowledgment of guilt in a criminal case. Admissions usually apply to civil matters; in criminal cases they apply only to matters of fact that do not involve criminal intent.  4, record 40, English, - incriminating%20admission

Record 40,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Lors de cette évaluation, le psychiatre obtient de l'accusé un aveu incriminant (la «déclaration protégée») lorsqu'il lui demande de s'expliquer au sujet de la déclaration extrajudiciaire faite aux policiers.  2, record 40, French, - aveu%20incriminant

Record 40,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 41,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 41, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A written denial of the errors alleged in an assignment in a criminal case.  1, record 41, English, - joinder%20of%20error

Record number: 41, Textual support number: 1 CONT

No assignment of error, or joinder in error, shall be necessary upon any appeal or writ of error, in a criminal case, issued or taken pursuant to the foregoing provisions of this chapter, but the court shall proceed upon the return thereof without delay, and render judgment upon the record before them.  2, record 41, English, - joinder%20of%20error

Record number: 41, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Error. A mistake in a court proceeding concerning a matter of law or fact, which might provide a ground for a review of the judgment rendered in the proceeding.  3, record 41, English, - joinder%20of%20error

Record 41,  Textual support,  French

Record 41,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 42,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 42, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Alternative case resolution : Depending on the circumstances, both criminal conduct and reviewable practices may be resolved by something less than fully contested proceedings.  2, record 42, English, - alternative%20case%20resolution

Record 42,  Textual support,  French

Record 42,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 43,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 43, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The mandate of the Victim/Witness Assistance Program(VWAP) is to provide information, assistance and support to victims and witnesses of crime throughout the criminal justice process in order to increase their understanding of, and participation in, the criminal justice process. Offered by the Ontario Victim Services Secretariat, VWAP services include crisis intervention, needs assessment, referrals to community agencies, emotional support, case specific information(court dates, bail conditions) and court preparation and orientation. VWAP services are available to adult and child victims and witnesses of crime, after charges have been laid.  1, record 43, English, - Victim%2FWitness%20Assistance%20Program

Record 43,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 43, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Le mandat du Programme d'aide aux victimes et aux témoins (PAVT) est de fournir des renseignements, de l'aide et un soutien aux victimes et témoins tout au long de la procédure judiciaire criminelle pour augmenter leur compréhension de la procédure judiciaire pénale et encourager leur participation à cette procédure. Les services du PAVT sont offerts par le Secrétariat des services aux victimes de l'Ontario et comprennent l'intervention d'urgence, l'évaluation des besoins, les renvois à des organismes communautaires, le soutien affectif, les renseignements particuliers propres à la cause (date des audiences, conditions de mise en liberté sous caution) et la préparation à la cour et l'orientation connexe. Les services du PAVT sont offerts aux victimes, adultes et enfants, et témoins d'actes criminels, après le dépôt des accusations.  1, record 43, French, - Programme%20d%27aide%20aux%20victimes%20et%20aux%20t%C3%A9moins

Record 43,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 44,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 44, Textual support number: 1 DEF

In a law suit, the party against whom an action is brought. He is the person required to answer in the action or suit.  3, record 44, English, - defendant

Record number: 44, Textual support number: 1 OBS

In a criminal case, the "defendant" would be referred to as the "accused". In a divorce case or an appeal, he would be called the "respondent".  3, record 44, English, - defendant

Record number: 44, Textual support number: 2 OBS

defender: a defendant in an action, particularly in Scotland.  2, record 44, English, - defendant

Record number: 44, Textual support number: 3 OBS

Defendant used in this context in a broad sense.  4, record 44, English, - defendant

Record 44,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 44, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Personne physique ou morale contre laquelle est dirigée ou intentée une action en justice.  4, record 44, French, - d%C3%A9fendeur

Record number: 44, Textual support number: 1 OBS

défendeur : terme recommandé par le Comité d'uniformisation des règles de procédure civile dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  5, record 44, French, - d%C3%A9fendeur

Record 44,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 44, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Persona contra la que se ejercita una demanda.  4, record 44, Spanish, - demandado

Record number: 44, Textual support number: 1 OBS

La expresión «demandado» tiene un sentido amplio, que comprende a todo litigante o parte contra el cual se dirige una acción o se reclama un derecho, aunque no se trate de una acción o de un derecho, aunque no se trate de la acción entablada en el libelo mismo de la demanda, sino otras producidas en la secuela posterior del juicio.  5, record 44, Spanish, - demandado

Record number: 44, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Reproducido del Glosario Provisional de Términos Jurídicos con la autorización de la Oficina de la Naciones Unidas en Ginebra.  6, record 44, Spanish, - demandado

Record 45,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 45, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The OMS is a computerized case file management system used by the Correctional Service of Canada, the National Parole Board, and other criminal justice partners to manage information on federal offenders throughout their sentence. The system gathers, stores, and retrieves information required for tracking offenders and for making decisions concerning their cases. Information on provincial offenders applying for parole in provinces without parole boards is also stored in OMS.  3, record 45, English, - Offender%20Management%20System

Record 45,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 45, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Le Système de gestion des délinquants (SGD) est le système informatisé de gestion des dossiers de cas utilisé par le Service correctionnel du Canada, la Commission nationale des libérations conditionnelles et d'autres partenaires du système de justice pénale pour gérer l'information sur les délinquants fédéraux tout au long de leur peine. Le système permet de recueillir, de stocker et d'extraire les renseignements nécessaires au suivi des délinquants et à la prise de décisions à leur égard. L'information sur les délinquants sous responsabilité provinciale qui demandent une mise en liberté conditionnelle dans les provinces ne disposant pas d'une commission de libération conditionnelle est également saisie dans le SGD.  5, record 45, French, - Syst%C3%A8me%20de%20gestion%20des%20d%C3%A9linquants

Record 45,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 46,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 46, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... for the purpose of the criminal law, "health" should be a state of physical and mental well-being.... that state does not need to be "complete" but must be adequate so as to avoid significant impairment of physical or mental function.... "health" is not confined to strict medical concepts but focuses on the condition of a particular individual in a particular case.  1, record 46, English, - health

Record 46,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 46, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[ ... ] aux fins du droit pénal, la «santé» doit s'entendre d'un état de bien-être physique et mental. [ ... ] il n'est pas nécessaire que cet état soit complet. Il faut cependant qu'il soit satisfaisant et ne dénote pas une diminution notable de la fonction physique ou mentale. [ ... ] la «santé» ne se confine pas à des concepts strictement médicaux, mais se rapporte plus à l'état général d'un individu, dans un cas particulier.  1, record 46, French, - sant%C3%A9

Record 46,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 47,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 47, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Some observers draw a distinction between circumstantial evidence and what is referred to as real or physical evidence. Within this frame of reference, circumstantial evidence establishes a certain fact or series of facts which tend to prove certain elements of a criminal case and would not include the bloody butcher knife or the identified revolver. They would be catalogued as real or physical evidence.  2, record 47, English, - real%20evidence

Record 47,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 47, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Pour solutionner les crimes, l'enquêteur procède à des entrevues et des interrogatoires avec plaignants, victimes, témoins ou suspects, prélève des indices physiques sur la scène des crimes, fait appel aux techniciens en identité judiciaire [...]  1, record 47, French, - indice%20physique

Record 47,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 48,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 48, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Relationship of dependency.... These words are not defined in the Criminal Code and so their exact meaning will be determined by the courts. Although the definition will evolve through case law, a relationship of dependency may be considered to be one in which a child or young person relies on someone else for financial support and shelter.  2, record 48, English, - relationship%20of%20dependency

Record 48,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 48, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Même s'il n'existe pas de jurisprudence à ce sujet, on peut dire que l'enfant entretient une relation de dépendance avec toute personne qui le fait vivre ou qui lui fournit un logement.  2, record 48, French, - relation%20de%20d%C3%A9pendance

Record 48,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 49,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 49, Textual support number: 1 CONT

These rules are intended to provide for the just determination of every criminal proceeding, and shall be liberally construed to secure simplicity in procedure, fairness in administration and the elimination of unjustifiable expense and delay...  3, record 49, English, - criminal%20proceeding

Record number: 49, Textual support number: 2 CONT

The Krieger case deals with a provincial prosecutor who sought to prevent the Law Society of Alberta from continuing to proceed against him in response to a complaint concerning his conduct while purporting to exercise his discretion in a criminal proceeding. The complaint alleged that the prosecutor withheld or delayed disclosure of material evidence...  4, record 49, English, - criminal%20proceeding

Record number: 49, Textual support number: 1 OBS

In English Canada the term "criminal" is used in the broad sense of "penal"  5, record 49, English, - criminal%20proceeding

Record 49,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 49, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le projet de loi propose également des modifications à plusieurs dispositions du Code criminel relatives à la procédure pénale, en vue de moderniser le système de justice et d'en augmenter l'efficacité et l'efficience, par exemple en facilitant le recours à des documents électroniques et aux comparutions à distance.  2, record 49, French, - proc%C3%A9dure%20p%C3%A9nale

Record number: 49, Textual support number: 1 OBS

En anglais, le mot «criminal» désigne pénal au sens large.  3, record 49, French, - proc%C3%A9dure%20p%C3%A9nale

Record 49,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 50,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 50, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Jury panel in a criminal case  2, record 50, English, - alleged%20ground%20of%20challenge

Record 50,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 50, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Des membres du jury dans un procès au criminel  2, record 50, French, - motif%20de%20r%C3%A9cusation%20all%C3%A9gu%C3%A9

Record 50,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 51,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 51, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Mode of conducting business(espec. in Parliament) or legal action(criminal procedure, etc.), consisting in a series of formalities or rules which must successively be fulfilled in order to arrive at a certain result(the passing of a bill, the preparation of a case before a court hearing and the conduct of this).  2, record 51, English, - procedure

Record 51,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 51, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Conditions extérieures exigées pour la validité d'un acte juridique.  2, record 51, French, - formalit%C3%A9s

Record 51,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 52,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 52, Textual support number: 1 DEF

An exception to the exclusionary rule which permits evidence to be admitted in a criminal case, even though it was obtained unlawfully, when the government can show that discovery of the evidence by lawful means was inevitable.  1, record 52, English, - inevitable%20discovery%20rule

Record 52,  Textual support,  French

Record 52,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 53,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 53, Textual support number: 1 DEF

... a method by which the oaths of a number of persons as to the character of an accused person in a criminal case, or of a defendant in a civil case, were accepted as proof of his innocence in the one case or as proof in the other case that the claim made against him was not well founded....  1, record 53, English, - compurgation

Record number: 53, Textual support number: 1 OBS

... the persons who made such oaths were known as compurgators.  1, record 53, English, - compurgation

Record 53,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 53, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Témoignage (...) qui a pour effet de disculper.  2, record 53, French, - t%C3%A9moignage%20justificatif

Record number: 53, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Autre source pour "témoignage justificateur" : R. c. Béland, 1987, 2 R.C.S. 398, p. 419.  3, record 53, French, - t%C3%A9moignage%20justificatif

Record 53,  Textual support,  Spanish