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CRITICAL REDUCTION [16 records]

Record 1 2019-02-20

English

Subject field(s)
  • Propulsion of Water-Craft
CONT

A main reduction gear(MRG) is a critical element of a ship's propulsion system, the function of which is to connect a ship's engine to its propeller shaft.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Propulsion des bateaux

Spanish

Save record 1

Record 2 2017-04-20

English

Subject field(s)
  • Atomic Physics
DEF

The reduction which can be made, without changing reactivity, in a specified dimension of the core of a bare reactor when a given reflector is added.

OBS

The term [reflector saving] may also be applied to reduction of critical mass.

OBS

reflector saving: term standardized by ISO.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Physique atomique
DEF

Réduction qui peut être apportée, à réactivité égale, à une dimension spécifiée du cœur d'un réacteur lorsqu'on ajoute un réflecteur donné.

OBS

[Le] terme [économie due au réflecteur] peut également s'appliquer à la réduction de la masse critique.

OBS

économie due au réflecteur : terme normalisé par l'ISO.

Spanish

Save record 2

Record 3 2017-01-26

English

Subject field(s)
  • Titles of National Programs (Canadian)
  • Hygiene and Health
OBS

Liberal Plan for Better Health Care. The National Waiting Times Reduction Strategy is a major effort to work to measure and publish existing waiting times, determine which waiting times should be reduced first, and, then to do what it takes to bring waiting times down. The federal government will work collaboratively with provinces and territories, the medical profession and patient groups to define reasonable and medically appropriate waiting times, and to identify the places where they are unacceptably long. Teaching hospitals and regional health authorities--which play such a critical role in the system--will also be asked to contribute to the process.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Titres de programmes nationaux canadiens
  • Hygiène et santé
OBS

Plan libéral pour de meilleurs soins de santé. Une initiative majeure qui vise à évaluer et publier les temps d'attente existants, à déterminer ceux qui devraient être réduits en priorité et à mettre en œuvre les actions requises pour le faire. Le gouvernement fédéral travaillera en collaboration avec les provinces et les territoires ainsi qu'avec les professionnels de la santé et les groupes de patients pour déterminer quels sont les temps d'attente acceptables et médicalement appropriés et pour identifier ceux qui sont inacceptables. Il sera aussi demandé aux hôpitaux universitaires et aux organismes de santé régionaux, qui jouent un rôle important dans le système, de contribuer à ce processus.

Spanish

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Record 4 2014-03-14

English

Subject field(s)
  • Aircraft Maneuvers
  • Aircraft Piloting and Navigation
DEF

A severe form of stall.

CONT

Stalls in airplane flight are often experienced as a sudden reduction in lift as the pilot brings the airplane to greater angle of attack and exceeds the critical(stall) angle of attack(which may be due to slowing down below stall speed). A stall of an airplane does not mean that its engines [have] stopped working, or that the airplane has stopped moving.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Manœuvres d'aéronefs
  • Pilotage et navigation aérienne
DEF

Cabrage d’un avion non provoqué par le pilote, qui peut se produire sous le seul effet de forces aérodynamiques et dans certaines plages de vitesse.

CONT

Autocabrage (pitch up) : C'est un phénomène d'instabilité longitudinale assez brutal, constaté sur les avions transsoniques à forte flèche, dans des circonstances réunissant Cz [coefficient de portance] et nombre de Mach assez élevé.

OBS

auto-cabrage : terme uniformisé par le Comité d'uniformisation de la terminologie aéronautique (CUTA) - Opérations aériennes.

OBS

cabrage non commandé : terme et définition publiés au Journal officiel de la République française le 21 décembre 2013.

Spanish

Save record 4

Record 5 2012-09-13

English

Subject field(s)
  • Environmental Studies and Analyses
  • Toxicology
CONT

The objective of effects characterization is to determine a critical toxicity value(CTV), or the lowest concentration of a substance that will cause a certain adverse effect for each assessment endpoint. For example, the concentration of a substance causing a 25% reduction in growth or reproduction of test organisms in a toxicity study could be selected as a CTV.

OBS

critical toxicity value: term used by Environment Canada.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Études et analyses environnementales
  • Toxicologie
CONT

La caractérisation des effets consiste à définir une valeur critique de la toxicité (VCT), ou la concentration la plus faible à laquelle une substance causera un effet nocif pour chaque point final d'évaluation. Par exemple, on pourrait choisir comme VCT la concentration à laquelle une substance cause une diminution de 25 % du taux de croissance ou de reproduction des organismes expérimentaux dans une étude de toxicité.

OBS

valeur critique de toxicité : terme en usage à Environnement Canada.

Spanish

Save record 5

Record 6 2007-01-24

English

Subject field(s)
  • Biological Sciences
CONT

The biodynamic compost and spray preparations created out of natural and organic substances are used in minute doses to enhance soil life, plant growth and quality and animal health. They act as a kind of "bioregulator", forcing the self regulation of biological systems, e.g. the farm’s whole biological cycle.

CONT

Oxygen is a major biological regulator. In Rhizobia living symbiotically with legumes, a reduction in oxygen is the primary trigger of nitrogen fixation. In mammals, oxygen regulates blood flow to the brain, red blood cell production, and many other critical processes.

Key term(s)
  • bio regulator
  • bio-regulator

French

Domaine(s)
  • Sciences biologiques
CONT

[...] selon le type d'arbres, le climat et les saisons, les arbres peuvent jouer le rôle de régulateurs organiques quand leurs racines atteignent un volume et une densité suffisantes pour pomper de grandes quantités d'eau.

Spanish

Save record 6

Record 7 2002-05-02

English

Subject field(s)
  • Air Pollution
  • Environmental Studies and Analyses
CONT

An emission index (EI) specifies the number of grams of pollutant emitted per kilogram of fuel burned.

CONT

Research is aimed at a NOx Emission Index of 5, resulting in less than 1% annual ozone depletion.... From a technical standpoint, these critical emission levels depend on the engines’ injection and combustion system performance, i. e. the quality of the air/fuel mixture, its distribution in the combustor primary zone and the corresponding temperatures. The reduction of NOx emissions remains of primary concern, having the largest Emission Index(grams of emission produced per kilogram of fuel consumed) among the substances responsible for the ozone layer depletion.

CONT

The average emission rate of the smelters was 4.1 in 1998 [that is, the result of the following division: 9.9 million tonnes CO2 Eq divided by 2.4 m tonnes of shipments equals 4.1]. [In this case, the proper expression is "emission index" and not "rate", the term "index" being the numerical expression of a rate (or proportion).]

French

Domaine(s)
  • Pollution de l'air
  • Études et analyses environnementales
CONT

Dans l'exercice mené avec le modèle POLES, l'introduction d'une taxe-carbone fictive permet de calculer l'évolution résultante des émissions, par rapport au cas de référence présenté plus haut. Ceci est illustré, au niveau mondial, par le Graphique 1 : à partir d'un indice d'émission 145 en 2010, le niveau d'émission décroît avec l'introduction d'une taxe fictive de 25 $/tC, puis 50 ... jusqu'à 350 $/tC.

OBS

Le terme «indice» désigne une indication numérique qui sert à exprimer un rapport. Ne pas confondre avec «taux d'émission» ni avec «débit d'émission». Le terme «taux» désigne une proportion dans laquelle intervient un élément, un facteur variable, une quantité de quelque chose par rapport à une quantité d'autre chose (par exemple, on parle d'un taux d'émission de CO2 de x nombre de grammes par kilomètre pour une voiture). Le terme «débit» se rapporte à la quantité d'un polluant émis dans l'atmosphère par unité de temps. Enfin, voir aussi «facteur d'émission».

Spanish

Save record 7

Record 8 2002-01-11

English

Subject field(s)
  • Helicopters (Military)
  • Mechanical Components
  • Aeroindustry
CONT

Series actuator hardover conditions in some rotorcraft can seriously degrade control margin. Critical loadings, power settings, RPM, and altitudes in conjunction with a SAS actuator hardover in an adverse direction can result in reduction of control travel requiring flight envelope constraints.

OBS

hardover: term officially approved by the Aeronautical Terminology Standardization Committee (ATSC) - Helicopters.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Hélicoptères (Militaire)
  • Composants mécaniques
  • Constructions aéronautiques
OBS

emballement : terme uniformisé par le Comité d'uniformisation de la terminologie aéronautique (CUTA) - Hélicoptères.

Spanish

Save record 8

Record 9 2000-11-30

English

Subject field(s)
  • Ecology (General)
  • Effects of Pollution
CONT

Proposed definitions [for significant environmental impact from a purely ecological perspective] have ranged form specific concerns such as loss of critical breeding habitat, local extinction of species and reduction in primary productivity, to more general but less definitive concerns including loss of ecosystem stability...

French

Domaine(s)
  • Écologie (Généralités)
  • Effets de la pollution

Spanish

Save record 9

Record 10 2000-06-14

English

Subject field(s)
  • Petroleum Deposits
  • Oil Production
DEF

In reservoir mechanics, the formation of liquid droplets in a gas as the well is produced and the pressure drops.

CONT

Retrograde condensation is the phenomenon that deals with the phase(liquid and vapor) behavior of a hydrocarbon mixture in the critical region where gas is converted to a liquid through a reduction in pressure.

CONT

When pressure is decreased, instead of the hydrocarbons expanding (as might be expected), they tend to condense. This phenomenon is known as retrograde condensation.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Gisements pétrolifères
  • Production pétrolière
DEF

Condensation se produisant par chute de pression isotherme, ou à pression constante par un accroissement de température.

Spanish

Save record 10

Record 11 1996-02-06

English

Subject field(s)
  • Respiratory System
CONT

Airway size and breathing patterns change rhythmically throughout the day in healthy people as well as in asthmatics. Generally the airways are open widest during the day. There is a rhythmic reduction in the airflow after midnight, and particularly between the critical hours of two and six in the morning.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Appareil respiratoire

Spanish

Save record 11

Record 12 1993-03-25

English

Subject field(s)
  • Pulp Preparation (papermaking)
CONT

During delignification, there is also a corresponding reduction in pulp viscosity.... If pulp viscosity is allowed to fall below a critical level, the pulp strength drops dramatically. Maintenance of pulp viscosity is the principal reason that the kraft cook must be terminated at a point where a substantial level of residual lignin remains with the fibers. A derivation termed the G-factor(exactly analogous to the H-factor) can be applied for viscosity reduction, i. e., combinations of time and temperature that give the same G-factor can be expected to produce pulp with the same viscosity. Since the G-factor increases more rapidly with temperature than the H-factor, it follows that higher cooking temperatures have a proportionally greater effect on viscosity reduction.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Préparation de la pâte à papier

Spanish

Save record 12

Record 13 1989-09-18

English

Subject field(s)
  • Artificial Intelligence
  • Continuing Education
DEF

In pedagogical diagnosis the process of tracing the successful or unsuccessful application of a piece of knowledge back to interactions between its conceptual constituents. The articulate configuration of the model into an interacting set of constituents of expertise increases epistemological organisation and inferential diagnosis.

CONT

MENO-II performs a simple version of generative reduction with an extensionally defined network that associates diagnosed surface bugs with possible underlying misconceptions. The concept of "articulation" of knowledge is critical for this reduction process.

OBS

See knowledge decompilation.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Intelligence artificielle
  • Éducation permanente
OBS

Voir graphe génétique, graphe de dépendances, réseau de dépendance fonctionnelle et décompilation de connaissances.

Spanish

Save record 13

Record 14 1988-01-19

English

Subject field(s)
  • Ecology (General)
  • Effects of Pollution
CONT

Proposed definitions [for significant environmental impact from a purely ecological perspective] have ranged from specific concerns such as loss of critical breeding habitat, local extinction of species and reduction in primary productivity, to more general but less definitive concerns including loss of ecosystem stability....

French

Domaine(s)
  • Écologie (Généralités)
  • Effets de la pollution

Spanish

Save record 14

Record 15 1988-01-19

English

Subject field(s)
  • Ecology (General)
  • Effects of Pollution
CONT

Proposed definitions [for significant environmental impact from a purely ecological perspective] have ranged from specific concerns such as loss of critical breeding habitat, local extinction of species and reduction in primary productivity, to more general but less definitive concerns including loss of ecosystem stability....

French

Domaine(s)
  • Écologie (Généralités)
  • Effets de la pollution

Spanish

Save record 15

Record 16 1988-01-08

English

Subject field(s)
  • Ecology (General)
CONT

Proposed definitions [for significant environmental impact from a purely ecological perspective] have ranged from specific concerns such as loss of critical breeding habitat, local extinction of species and reduction in primary productivity, to more general but less definitive concerns including loss of ecosystem stability....

French

Domaine(s)
  • Écologie (Généralités)

Spanish

Save record 16

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