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CROSS FRACTURE [2 records]

Record 1 2010-04-16

English

Subject field(s)
  • Rheology
  • Engineering Tests and Reliability
DEF

The difference between the original cross sectional area of a tension test specimen and the area of its smallest cross section ... The reduction of area is usually expressed as a percentage of the original cross sectional area of the specimen.

OBS

The smallest cross section may be measured at or after fracture as specified for the material under test.

OBS

Many English authors make no difference between "reduction of area" which is a phenomenon and "percent reduction of area" which is a mathematical value.

OBS

reduction of area: term standardized by the American Standards Testing and Materials (ASTM).

Key term(s)
  • RA

French

Domaine(s)
  • Rhéologie
  • Fiabilité, contrôle et essais (Ingénierie)
DEF

[...] rapport de la variation ultime de section transversale produite par l'essai [...] et exprimé en pourcentage. [Définition normalisée par l'AFNOR et reproduite avec son autorisation.]

OBS

coefficient de striction : terme normalisé par l'AFNOR.

Spanish

Save record 1

Record 2 2007-09-28

English

Subject field(s)
  • Atmospheric, Climatic and Meteorological Phenomena
CONT

There are two types of snow avalanches; loose-snow avalanches which originate in cohesionless snow and which start from one point, gathering more and more snow as they descend and slab avalanches which start when a large area of cohesive snow begins to slide at the same time. Both types occur in wet and dry snow, either sliding down on a layer of snow within the snowpack or along the ground surface.

CONT

Loose snow sliding down a mountainside is called a loose snow avalanche.... Very few people are killed by loose snow avalanches because they tend to be small and they tend to fracture beneath you as you cross a slope instead of above you as slab avalanches often do. The avalanche culture tends to minimize the danger of loose snow avalanches, sometimes calling them "harmless sluffs. "

CONT

New snow produced loose-snow avalanches in steep gully areas. [Example approved by the Avalanche Bulletin Terminology Standardization Committee.]

OBS

Loose-snow avalanche is sometimes called a point-release avalanche when it starts from a defined point and fans outward as it descends.

OBS

Do not confuse with sluff which is a small loose-snow avalanche running in steep terrain.

OBS

loose-snow avalanche: term officially approved by the Avalanche Bulletin Terminology Standardization Committee.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Phénomènes météorologiques, climatiques et atmosphériques
CONT

[...] une avalanche de neige sans cohésion peut être sèche (se produisant après une forte chute de neige) ou bien mouillée (intervenant après un début de fonte).

CONT

La neige récente est à l'origine des avalanches de neige sans cohésion qui se sont produites dans les pentes raides des ravines. [Exemple entériné par le Comité d'uniformisation de la terminologie des bulletins d'avalanche.]

OBS

cohésion de la neige : ensemble des liaisons qui maintiennent les cristaux et grains de neige associés les uns aux autres. La cohésion de la neige est à l'origine de sa consistance. Une couche de neige qui a un très bonne cohésion est très dure. Une couche de neige à faible cohésion est poudreuse si elle est sèche, ou molle et pâteuse si elle est mouillée.

OBS

On nomme coulée une petite avalanche de neige sans cohésion, en terrain raide.

OBS

avalanche de neige sans cohésion : terme uniformisé par le Comité d'uniformisation de la terminologie des bulletins d'avalanche.

Spanish

Save record 2

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