TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Since a cross-linking point is defined as a unit which bears a tribranching point, the cross-linking density is given by the sum of these two types of cross-linking densities.  2, record 1, English, - cross%2Dlinking%20point

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Point de jonction de chaînes macromoléculaires dans un polymère réticulé.  1, record 1, French, - n%26oelig%3Bud%20de%20r%C3%A9ticulation

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

nœud de réticulation : terme et définition publiés au Journal officiel de la République française le 1er juillet 2017.  2, record 1, French, - n%26oelig%3Bud%20de%20r%C3%A9ticulation

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The number of specified chemical changes in an irradiated substance produced per 100 eV [electron volts] of energy absorbed from ionizing radiation.  1, record 2, English, - G%2Dvalue

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Examples of such chemical changes are cross-linking production of particular molecules, and production of free radicals.  1, record 2, English, - G%2Dvalue

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 2 OBS

G-value: term and definition standardized by ISO.  2, record 2, English, - G%2Dvalue

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Nombre de transformations chimiques spécifiées dans une substance irradiée, produites pour 100 eV [électorn-volts] d'énergie absorbée provenant du rayonnement ionisant.  1, record 2, French, - coefficient%20G

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Exemples de telles transformations chimiques : réticulation, production de molécules particulières et production de radicaux libres.  1, record 2, French, - coefficient%20G

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 2 OBS

coefficient G : terme et définition normalisés par l'ISO.  2, record 2, French, - coefficient%20G

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The establishing of chemical links between the molecular chains in polymers.  5, record 3, English, - crosslinking

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Cross-linking can be accomplished by chemical reaction, vulcanization, and electron bombardment. Degree of cross-linking depends on the specific polymer. However, the resultant properties are usually improved.  5, record 3, English, - crosslinking

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 2 OBS

crosslinking: term standardized by ISO.  6, record 3, English, - crosslinking

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Passage d'un polymère d'un état où les macromolécules qui le constituent sont indépendantes à un état où elles sont reliées entre elles par des liaisons chimiques.  3, record 3, French, - r%C3%A9ticulation

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Si un polymère possède des fonctions actives dans la chaîne [...] ou en bout de chaîne, [...] il est possible de les faire réagir avec un agent polyfonctionnel pour obtenir un réseau. Cet agent est généralement appelé durcisseur ou agent de pontage et le polymère de départ est appelé prépolymère. L'opération s'appelle une réticulation (vulcanisation dans le cas de caoutchoucs).  4, record 3, French, - r%C3%A9ticulation

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

La réticulation d'un polymère correspond à la formation d'un réseau.  3, record 3, French, - r%C3%A9ticulation

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 2 OBS

réticulation : terme normalisé par l'ISO.  5, record 3, French, - r%C3%A9ticulation

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Proceso de múltiples enlazamientos intermoleculares covalentes o iónicos entre cadenas de polímeros.  1, record 3, Spanish, - reticulaci%C3%B3n

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A substance that promotes or regulates intermolecular covalent or ionic bonding between polymer chains.  3, record 4, English, - crosslinking%20agent

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Polymers.... In addition to the monomers, this includes other reactants such as catalysts, free radical initiators, cross-linking and chain transfer agents that are intended to become chemically incorporated into the polymer structure.  4, record 4, English, - crosslinking%20agent

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Crosslinking may also be produced by radiation.  3, record 4, English, - crosslinking%20agent

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 2 OBS

crosslinking agent: term and definition standardized by ISO [International Organization for Standardization].  5, record 4, English, - crosslinking%20agent

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Substance qui initie ou régularise la réaction de réticulation entre des chaînes de polymères.  3, record 4, French, - agent%20de%20r%C3%A9ticulation

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

La réticulation peut être aussi obtenue au moyen de radiations.  3, record 4, French, - agent%20de%20r%C3%A9ticulation

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 2 OBS

agent de réticulation; réticulant : termes et définition normalisés par l'ISO [Organisation internationale de normalisation].  4, record 4, French, - agent%20de%20r%C3%A9ticulation

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 3 OBS

agent de réticulation : terme normalisé par l'AFNOR.  5, record 4, French, - agent%20de%20r%C3%A9ticulation

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Sustancia que promueve o regula los enlaces intermoleculares covalentes o iónicos entre cadenas de polímeros.  1, record 4, Spanish, - agente%20de%20reticulaci%C3%B3n

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

A general term referring to any high polymer made by addition polymerization of unsaturated, straight-chain hydrocarbons by catalytic reactions at high temperature.  3, record 5, English, - polyolefin

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 2 OBS

They are thermoplastic resins; some are useful in their linear form, but cross-linking is generally required. Polyethylene is a typical example.  3, record 5, English, - polyolefin

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Nom générique des polymères hydrocarbones [...] qui sont obtenus par polymérisation des oléfines correspondantes : CH₂ = CHR.  2, record 5, French, - polyol%C3%A9fine

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Polímero de una olefina (o de olefinas).  2, record 5, Spanish, - poliolefina

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Having the property of becoming permanently hard and rigid when heated or cured.  2, record 6, English, - thermosetting

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Since the conversion of a linear polymer to a network polymer is often caused by heating with a cross-linking agent such as sulphur, the process is called thermosetting.  4, record 6, English, - thermosetting

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 2 CONT

... thermoset moulding compounds.  3, record 6, English, - thermosetting

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Thermosetting resin: ... a resin that will permanently cure a fabric through heat application.  5, record 6, English, - thermosetting

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Qui possède la propriété de durcir au-dessus d'une température donnée et de ne pouvoir reprendre sa forme primitive de manière réversible.  2, record 6, French, - thermodurcissable

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Matières thermodurcissables.  3, record 6, French, - thermodurcissable

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[Dícese de la] capacidad de transformación en un producto esencialmente infundible e insoluble cuando se ha curado por calor o por otros medios como radiación, catálisis, etcétera.  2, record 6, Spanish, - termoendurecible

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A white crystalline cyclic amide that yields epsilon-amino-caproic acid on hydrolysis and is used chiefly in making one type of nylon.  6, record 7, English, - piperidin%2D2%2Done

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Caprolactam is used in the manufacture of synthetic fibers(especially nylon 6), plastics, bristles, film, coatings, synthetic leather, plasticizers, and paint vehicles, cross-linking agent for polyurethanes, synthesis of amino acid lysine.  7, record 7, English, - piperidin%2D2%2Done

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS

piperidin-2-one: form recommended by the IUPAC (International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry).  1, record 7, English, - piperidin%2D2%2Done

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 2 OBS

epsilon: This word must be replaced by the corresponding greek letter or italicized.  1, record 7, English, - piperidin%2D2%2Done

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 3 OBS

Chemical formula: CH₂(CH₂)₄HCO or C₆H₁₁NO  8, record 7, English, - piperidin%2D2%2Done

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Amide cyclique d'un acide aminocaproïque.  6, record 7, French, - pip%C3%A9ridin%2D2%2Done

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'e-caprolactame conduit par polymérisation au polyamide-6, le Perlon, comparable au Nylon et utilisé pour fabriquer des textiles synthétiques.  6, record 7, French, - pip%C3%A9ridin%2D2%2Done

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS

pipéridin-2-one : forme recommandée par l'UICPA (Union internationale de chimie pure et appliquée).  1, record 7, French, - pip%C3%A9ridin%2D2%2Done

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 2 OBS

epsilon : Ce mot doit être remplacé par la lettre grecque correspondante ou s'écrire en italique.  7, record 7, French, - pip%C3%A9ridin%2D2%2Done

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 3 OBS

Formule chimique : CH₂(CH₂)₃NHCO ou C₆H₁₁NO  7, record 7, French, - pip%C3%A9ridin%2D2%2Done

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Monómero que, por polimerización, da policaprolactamo, conocido por el nombre comercial de Perlón, que es una fibra sintética comparable al nylon.  3, record 7, Spanish, - caprolactamo

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Fórmula química: CH₂(CH₂)₄HCO o C₆H₁₁NO  4, record 7, Spanish, - caprolactamo

Record 8,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Gel produced by cross-linking selected dextran fractions with epichlorhydrin and marketed in bead form. Various types of gels are available, differing in pore size and swelling characteristics, according to the degree of cross-linking.  2, record 8, English, - Sephadex%C2%AE

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Sephadex is used in gel filtration. Gels in which the matrix is a minor component are used for fractionation of high molecular weight substances; denser gels are used for separation of low molecular weight compounds. Sephadex is available in eight porosities which provide the fractionation of globular proteins with molecular weights of up to 8 x 10⁵ and linear polymers of up to 2 x 10⁵.  2, record 8, English, - Sephadex%C2%AE

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Sephadex® is a registered trademark of Pharmacia Biotechnology AB.  3, record 8, English, - Sephadex%C2%AE

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Nom déposé d'un gel de dextran modifié, obtenu par réticulation des macromolécules par l'épichlorhydrine pour former un réseau tridimensionnel de chaînes de polysaccharides se présentant sous forme de très petits grains sphériques (perles).  3, record 8, French, - S%C3%A9phadex

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les gels de dextrane utilisés (type Sephadex) sont des polyosides comportant un nombre variable de liaisons croisées lesquelles déterminent un degré de porosité; la pénétration des macromolécules dans ces gels est plus ou moins facile selon leur taille d'où le nom de «tamis moléculaires» que l'on donne parfois à ces colonnes de gel de dextrane : les plus grosses molécules, exclues du gel, sortiront les premières de la colonne, tandis que les plus petites, pouvant y pénétrer, seront retardées et sortiront en dernier.  4, record 8, French, - S%C3%A9phadex

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Sephadex® : marque déposée.  3, record 8, French, - S%C3%A9phadex

Record 8,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 9,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A gel... made by cross-linking acrylamide with N'N'-methylene-bis-acrylamide.  3, record 9, English, - polyacrylamide%20gel

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Polyacrylamide gel is a very suitable support [for enzyme immobilization] because, first it is chemically inert, second, the size of its pores can be varied by changing the concentration of the monomer and, third, at sufficiently high concentrations of the gel, the size of its pores is commensurate with the sizes of enzyme globules.  4, record 9, English, - polyacrylamide%20gel

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Often referred to, incorrectly, as acrylamide gels.  3, record 9, English, - polyacrylamide%20gel

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Gel dont le réseau est constitué d'un polymère préparé à partir de deux molécules de départ : l'acrylamide, petite molécule organique se terminant par un groupe amide (-CONH₂), et le N,N-méthylène bisacrylamide, l'agent de réticulation.  2, record 9, French, - gel%20de%20polyacrylamide

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Pour la bioconversion [...], on s'oriente de plus en plus vers des enzymes isolées extraites des cellules. [...] L'enzyme est isolée par précipitation ou par purification sur résine. L'enzyme libre est immobilisée [...] dans un gel de polyacrylamide dans un réacteur et le substrat à traiter circule autour.  3, record 9, French, - gel%20de%20polyacrylamide

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Nous retrouvons dans les méthodes d'immobilisation par liaison covalente des techniques d'inclusion dans des gels de polyacrylamide, techniques dans lesquelles se surajoute l'établissement de liaisons covalentes enzyme-gels.  4, record 9, French, - gel%20de%20polyacrylamide

Record 9,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[...] gel [que] se forma por la polimerización vinílica del monómero acrilamida [...] y del monómero entrecruzador N, N'-metilen-bis-acrilamida, [sirve para separar moléculas biológicas].  2, record 9, Spanish, - gel%20de%20poliacrilamida

Record 10,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Myosin molecules were known to be more complex: they have globular "head" domains that bind actin filaments and helical "tail" domains that self-associate to form bipolar myosin filaments.  1, record 10, English, - actin%20filament

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 PHR

An actin filament configures.(Random) clusters of actin filaments.(Dis) assembly, cross-linking, fragmentation, uncapping of actin filaments.  2, record 10, English, - actin%20filament

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 2 PHR

To move, (de)polymerize, sever an actin filament. To (un)cap a (short) actin filament.  2, record 10, English, - actin%20filament

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les molécules de myosine ont une tête globulaire, qui se lie aux filaments d'actine, et une queue hélicoïdale. Les queues s'associent spontanément entre elles pour former des filaments de myosine bipolaires.  2, record 10, French, - filament%20d%27actine

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 PHR

Allongement d'un filament d'actine. Décoiffage, dissociation, formation, fragmentation, (dé)polymérisation des filaments d'actine.  3, record 10, French, - filament%20d%27actine

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 2 PHR

Agir sur les filaments d'actine. (Dé)coiffer (l'extrémité d')un filament d'actine. Couper, fragmenter un filament d'actine.  3, record 10, French, - filament%20d%27actine

Record 10,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 11,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

ß-Sheets are formed when two or more almost fully extended polypeptide chains are brought together side by side, so that regular hydrogen bonds can form between the peptide backbone amide NH and carbonyl oxygen groups of adjacent chains.... All the peptide linkages participate in this cross-linking and thus lend the structure great stability; the R groups lie above or below the zigzagging planes of the pleated sheet.... The structure of the ß-sheet makes up extensive regions of the core of most(though not all) globular proteins.  3, record 11, English, - beta%2Dsheet

Record 11,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L. Pauling avait à peine découvert [...] les hélices alpha [...] qu'il observa une seconde configuration stable : les feuillets bêta. Dans ce type de structure, des segments rectilignes de la chaîne polypeptidique sont juxtaposés en zigzag, comme un mètre d'architecte incomplètement replié; des liaisons hydrogène relient les segments adjacents, appelés brins bêta. Dans cette structure comme dans les hélices alpha, des liaisons s'établissent entre les groupes NH et les groupes CO de la chaîne polypeptidique principale. [...] Toutes les liaisons peptidiques participent à ces liaisons, ce qui assure à cette structure une grande stabilité.  2, record 11, French, - feuillet%20b%C3%AAta

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Le feuillet bêta est aussi appelé «feuillet plissé» ou «conformation plissée».  2, record 11, French, - feuillet%20b%C3%AAta

Record 11,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 12,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Immobilization of enzymes by crystallization and subsequent cross-linking provides structures which have a regular three-dimensional molecular arrangement, and a high packing density. Such structures are useful for both X-ray diffraction analysis, and also physico-chemical studies of enzymes in the solid state. An important feature of the enzyme crystals is that they have large liquid-filled channels surrounding the individual protein molecules, therefore, as in dilute solution, most of the surface of the enzyme is in contact with the surrounding solvent. Since the channels are permeable to low molecular weight solutes, it is possible to study the properties of enzymes in crystals in much the same way as when in solution. Lysosyme is an... enzyme whose catalytic mechanism is being studied. X-ray analysis of the crystalline enzyme shows that it contains a long cleft as its active site, which can accommodate its normal substrate, the long-chain peptidoglycan of bacterial cell walls.  3, record 12, English, - crystalline%20enzyme

Record 12,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Dans les années 1930, un grand scepticisme demeurait cependant encore sur la véritable nature protéique des catalyseurs enzymatiques que certains estimaient être de simples impuretés adsorbées sur les cristaux de protéines. Ce fut donc une chance si plusieurs des premières enzymes cristallisées véritablement pures, les protéases digestives, trypsine, chymotrypsine, pepsine, isolées par Kunitz et Northrop entre 1930 et 1940, furent des protéines totalement dépourvues de coenzyme, de cofacteur ou de métal, leur nature uniquement protéique étant ainsi démontrée. [...] Dans un grand nombre de cas maintenant, on connaît non seulement la séquence des aminoacides mais également le détail de la conformation tridimensionnelle grâce à l'étude des spectres de diffraction des rayons X de cristaux d'enzymes.  3, record 12, French, - enzyme%20cristallis%C3%A9e

Record 12,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Tradicionalmente, la Real Academia Española (RAE) admitía únicamente el género femenino para el sustantivo enzima; así fue hasta 1984, fecha en que pasó a considerarlo de género ambiguo, que puede funcionar por igual como masculino y como femenino. El uso, no obstante, parece haberse decantado claramente en español por el femenino, que hoy se emplea en el 90% de los casos [...]  3, record 12, Spanish, - enzima%20cristalina

Record 13,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A chemical compound in the form of colorless, odorless crystals, used in the synthesis of dyes, paper and textile sizes, in soil conditioning agents, in adhesives, paper and textile sizes, for sewage and waste treatment, ore processing, permanent press fabrics, as a cross-linking agent, and in flocculants.  3, record 13, English, - prop%2D2%2Denamide

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 OBS

prop-2-enamide: form recommended by the IUPAC (International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry).  1, record 13, English, - prop%2D2%2Denamide

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 2 OBS

acrylamide: part of the Ingredient Disclosure List of the Hazardous Products Act (Registration SOR/88-64, 31 December, 1987).  3, record 13, English, - prop%2D2%2Denamide

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 3 OBS

Chemical formula: CH₂CHCONH₂ or CH₂--H-CO-NH₂  3, record 13, English, - prop%2D2%2Denamide

Record 13,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Corps de formule CH₂=CH-CO-NH₂ correspondant à l'acide acrylique [et utilisé comme] agent de synthèse, pour les adhésifs, les tissus, les polymères et copolymères.  4, record 13, French, - prop%2D2%2D%C3%A9namide

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 OBS

prop-2-énamide : forme recommandée par l'UICPA (Union internationale de chimie pure et appliquée).  1, record 13, French, - prop%2D2%2D%C3%A9namide

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 2 OBS

acrylamide : fait partie de la Liste de divulgation des ingrédients de la Loi sur les produits dangereux (du Canada; enr. DORS s/88-64, 31 déc. 1987).  5, record 13, French, - prop%2D2%2D%C3%A9namide

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 3 OBS

Formule chimique : CH₂CHCONH₂ ou CH₂--H-CO-NH₂  5, record 13, French, - prop%2D2%2D%C3%A9namide

Record 13,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Cristales incoloros e inodoros. Soluble en agua, alcohol y acetona. Insoluble en benceno y heptano. Muy tóxico por ingestión e inhalación. Fuertemente irritante.  1, record 13, Spanish, - acrilamida

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Fórmula química: CH₂CHCONH₂  2, record 13, Spanish, - acrilamida

Record 14,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A chemical compound in the form of a colorless, oily liquid which is derived from acetylene and formaldehyde by high-pressure synthesis, which is toxic by ingestion, and which is used as a solvent, a humectant, an intermediate for plasticizers or pharmaceuticals, a cross-linking agent in polyurethane elastomers and in the manufacture of tetrahydrofuran and terephthalate plastics.  4, record 14, English, - butane%2D1%2C4%2Ddiol

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 OBS

butane-1,4-diol: form recommended by the IUPAC (International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry).  5, record 14, English, - butane%2D1%2C4%2Ddiol

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Chemical formula: HOCH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂OH  5, record 14, English, - butane%2D1%2C4%2Ddiol

Record 14,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 OBS

butane-1,4-diol : forme recommandée par l'UICPA (Union internationale de chimie pure et appliquée).  1, record 14, French, - butane%2D1%2C4%2Ddiol

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Formule chimique : HOCH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂OH  3, record 14, French, - butane%2D1%2C4%2Ddiol

Record 14,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Fórmula química : HOCH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂OH  3, record 14, Spanish, - 1%2C4%2Dbutilenglicol

Record 15,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Aqueous selfcrosslinking copolymer dispersions ...  2, record 15, English, - selfcrosslinking

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 OBS

cross-linking : The setting up of chemical links between the molecular chains of polymers.  3, record 15, English, - selfcrosslinking

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Term can be found in Chemical Abstracts under abstract 61945X.  4, record 15, English, - selfcrosslinking

Record 15,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Réticulation d'un agent chimique sans apport d'additifs.  1, record 15, French, - autor%C3%A9ticulation

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Résine d'acrylate à auto-réticulation.  2, record 15, French, - autor%C3%A9ticulation

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 OBS

réticulation : Formation de liaisons covalentes entre les chaînes macromoléculaires avec modification profonde des caractères de fusibilité, de solubilité, de résistance chimique et mécanique [...]  3, record 15, French, - autor%C3%A9ticulation

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Préférer la graphie en un seul mot sans trait d'union.  2, record 15, French, - autor%C3%A9ticulation

Record 15,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 16,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A network or framework, as of fibers, filaments or macromolecular chains.  2, record 16, English, - lattice

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In order to prepare efficient immobilized E. coli cells, the type and concentration of bifunctional reagent for cross-linking and the concentration of acrylamide monomer for lattice formation were investigated systematically. These studies showed that microbial cells, macromolecular enzymes and nucleic acids are not lost from the gel lattice during the enzyme reaction, but the low molecular substrate and product can pass freely through the gel lattice.  2, record 16, English, - lattice

Record 16,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Structure macromoléculaire tridimensionnelle dans laquelle les chaînes sont reliées entre elles par des liaisons le plus souvent covalentes.  1, record 16, French, - r%C3%A9seau

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les enzymes sont immobilisées par diverses méthodes afin de prolonger le plus longtemps possible leur action dans le réacteur de production. Les molécules enzymatiques peuvent être retenues par adsorption ou par liaison chimique sur un support solide comme la cellulose. Elles peuvent aussi être emprisonnées dans un réseau formé par un polymère perméable, tel qu'un gel de silice. Elles peuvent enfin être enfermées dans des capsules sphériques faites de membranes de polymères semi-perméables.  2, record 16, French, - r%C3%A9seau

Record 16,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 17,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[A] cross-linking agent for polyester [used as a] monomer for polymerization.  3, record 17, English, - triallyl%202%2Dacetoxypropane%2D1%2C2%2C3%2Dtricarboxylate

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 OBS

triallyl 2-acetoxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate: form recommended by the IUPAC (International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry).  1, record 17, English, - triallyl%202%2Dacetoxypropane%2D1%2C2%2C3%2Dtricarboxylate

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 2 OBS

acetyl triallyl citrate: improper commercial name.  1, record 17, English, - triallyl%202%2Dacetoxypropane%2D1%2C2%2C3%2Dtricarboxylate

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 3 OBS

Chemical formula: CH₃COOC₃H₄(COOCH₂CH:CH₂)₃  4, record 17, English, - triallyl%202%2Dacetoxypropane%2D1%2C2%2C3%2Dtricarboxylate

Record 17,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 OBS

2-acétoxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate de triallyle : forme recommandée par l'UICPA (Union internationale de chimie pure et appliquée).  1, record 17, French, - 2%2Dac%C3%A9toxypropane%2D1%2C2%2C3%2Dtricarboxylate%20de%20triallyle

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 2 OBS

citrate acétotriallylique : nom commercial impropre.  1, record 17, French, - 2%2Dac%C3%A9toxypropane%2D1%2C2%2C3%2Dtricarboxylate%20de%20triallyle

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 3 OBS

Formule chimique : CH₃COOC₃H₄(COOCH₂CH:CH₂)₃  3, record 17, French, - 2%2Dac%C3%A9toxypropane%2D1%2C2%2C3%2Dtricarboxylate%20de%20triallyle

Record 17,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Fórmula química : CH₃COOC₃H₄(COOCH₂CH:CH₂)₃  2, record 17, Spanish, - acetilcitrato%20de%20trialilo

Record 18,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 DEF

An enzyme with proteolytic activity that catalyzes the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin during the clotting of blood. It is formed from an inactive precursor, prothrombin, in the presence of blood platelets, calcium ions and thromboplastin.  2, record 18, English, - thrombin

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Under the action of thrombin, which splits off a small peptide from fibrinogen, fibrinogen is activated and starts to interact with other monomers. The end-to-end association forms long fibrin fibrils, but apparently there is also some lateral staggering and cross-linking with other fibers to form a network. As clotting progresses, aided by the blood platelets, fibrin retracts, squeezing out the serum, and the blood clot is completed.  2, record 18, English, - thrombin

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Fibrinogenase and thrombase are obsolete terms.  3, record 18, English, - thrombin

Record 18,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Enzyme catalysant l'hydrolyse de la fibrinogène en fibrine, provoquant ainsi la coagulation du sang.  2, record 18, French, - thrombine

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'ensemble du processus de coagulation du sang est fort complexe. Il met en jeu des ions calcium et une dizaine de facteurs protéiques qui font l'objet d'une activation en cascade, le plus souvent par des réactions de protéolyse partielle. C'est ainsi que la thrombine, qui transforme le fibrinogène, provient elle-même de l'activation d'une glycoprotéine plasmatique, la prothrombine.  3, record 18, French, - thrombine

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Thrombose, plasmase, thrombosine et fibrine-ferment sont des termes vieillis à éviter.  2, record 18, French, - thrombine

Record 18,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Enzima proteolítica que hidroliza específicamente enlaces peptídicos con L-arginina. Convierte fibrinógeno en fibrina y se forma a partir del precursor inactivo protrombina.  2, record 18, Spanish, - trombina

Record 19,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[A] cross-linking agent for cellulosic lacquers.  1, record 19, English, - titanyl%20acetylacetonate

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Chemical formula: TiO[OC(CH₃):CHCOCH₃]₂  2, record 19, English, - titanyl%20acetylacetonate

Record 19,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Formule chimique : TiO[OC(CH₃):CHCOCH₃]₂  2, record 19, French, - ac%C3%A9tylac%C3%A9tonate%20de%20titane

Record 19,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Fórmula química : TiO[OC(CH₃):CHCOCH₃]₂  2, record 19, Spanish, - acetilacetonato%20de%20titanilo

Record 20,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Properties : Colorless to light-yellow liquid... Derivation : Reaction of titanium tetrachloride with butanol. Use : Ester exchange reactions; heat-resistant paints(up to 500C) ;improving adhesion of paints, rubber, and plastics to metal surfaces; cross-linking agent; condensation catalyst.  1, record 20, English, - tetrabutyl%20titanate

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Chemical formula : Ti(OC₄H₉)₄  2, record 20, English, - tetrabutyl%20titanate

Record 20,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Formule chimique : Ti(OC₄H₉)₄  2, record 20, French, - titanate%20de%20t%C3%A9trabutyle

Record 20,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Fórmula química : Ti(OC₄H₉)₄  2, record 20, Spanish, - titanato%20de%20tetrabutilo

Record 21,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Molecular model, such as a ball and stick or a framework model, in which the bond lengths and the bond angles are clearly indicated.  1, record 21, English, - crystallographic%20model

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Analysis of the surface of the crystallographic models of most proteins should target at least one surface residue whose replacement would substantially increase the stability of the protein.... Unfortunately, most enzymes do not presently have a crystallographic model available for identification of one or more residues having exposed apolar side chains.... For investigators having neither a crystallographic model of the enzyme of interests or a facility for obtaining and engineering the structural gene, use of a cross-linking reagent is recommended to increase stability. This approach is based on diminishing the polypeptide entropy that is the principal thermodynamic quantity stabilizing the denatured form.  2, record 21, English, - crystallographic%20model

Record 21,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le plan de projection en deux dimensions, dans lequel les structures des molécules organiques sont nécessairement dessinées sur une page imprimée, est tout à fait insuffisant pour décrire la vraie configuration tridimensionnelle des biomolécules. La configuration de chaque molécule dans l'espace peut être représentée par l'utilisation de modèles atomiques qui sont de deux types. Les modèles cristallographiques montrent les squelettes covalents et les angles de liaisons et leurs dimensions, mais n'indiquent pas l'espace occupé réellement par la molécule. Les modèles compacts, par contre, donnent plus de détails en ce qui concerne les angles de liaisons et les distances dans le squelette covalentiel, mais ne montrent pas les contours de van der Waals ou la surface des molécules.  1, record 21, French, - mod%C3%A8le%20cristallographique

Record 21,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 22,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Conversion of a soluble enzyme to a bound or insoluble form.  1, record 22, English, - enzyme%20immobilization

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Methods for enzyme immobilization can be classified into three basic categories as follows. 1) Carrier-binding method : the binding of enzymes to water-insoluble carriers. 2) Cross-linking method : intermolecular cross-linking of enzymes by means of bifunctional or multifunctional reagents. 3) Entrapping method : incorporating enzymes into the lattice of a semipermeable gel or enclosing the enzymes in a semipermeable polymer membrane.  2, record 22, English, - enzyme%20immobilization

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The technique has two advantages: expensive enzymes can be recovered and used again; the enzyme can be used in a variety of configurations of bioreactors that permit continuous operation. These include packed bed continuous-fed columns and expanded bed systems. A wide range of techniques are used for enzyme immobilization. These are similar in many ways to the techniques used to produce preparations of immobilized cells.  1, record 22, English, - enzyme%20immobilization

Record 22,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Technique de fixation des enzymes à un support soluble ou insoluble, de façon à les rendre très facilement récupérables en fin de réaction et être réemployées plusieurs fois et même fonctionner en continu dans des réacteurs. Il existe trois grands types d'immobilisation : l'inclusion, l'adsorption et la fixation par liaison covalente.  2, record 22, French, - immobilisation%20des%20enzymes

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'intérêt présenté par l'immobilisation des enzymes est double : - sur le plan conceptuel, il est possible de définir des modèles permettant de mieux appréhender le fonctionnement des enzymes membranaires in vivo : - sur le plan pratique, l'immobilisation des enzymes permet de mieux coordonner des actions séquentielles, de récupérer les enzymes après emploi, conduisant ainsi à la mise au point de ce que l'on appelle déjà des "réacteurs enzymatiques".  3, record 22, French, - immobilisation%20des%20enzymes

Record 22,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 23,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Allyl resins are available as monomers and as B-staged prepolymers. The monomers are often used as cross-linking agents and flow promoters for other polyesters; the prepolymers are the base resins for molding compounds and prepregs. The two most widely used allyl resins are diallyl orthophthalate(DAP) and diallyl isophthalate(DAIP)...  5, record 23, English, - bis%28prop%2D2%2Den%2D1%2Dyl%29%20benzene%2D1%2C2%2Ddicarboxylate

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 OBS

DAP: This might be an in-house or a non-recognized abbreviation; not to be used alone, to avoid any risk of confusion.  1, record 23, English, - bis%28prop%2D2%2Den%2D1%2Dyl%29%20benzene%2D1%2C2%2Ddicarboxylate

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Chemical formula: C₆H₄(COOCH₂CH:CH₂)₂  6, record 23, English, - bis%28prop%2D2%2Den%2D1%2Dyl%29%20benzene%2D1%2C2%2Ddicarboxylate

Record 23,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 OBS

On rencontre ainsi quatre types de résines polyesters : -orthophtalique (les plus courantes) : acide = anhydride maléique, alcool = propylène glycol, solvant = styrène; -isophtalique : à caractéristiques améliorées; -à base de composés chlorés : auto-extinguibles; -à base de bisphénol : les meilleures.  4, record 23, French, - benz%C3%A8ne%2D1%2C2%2Ddicarboxylate%20de%20bis%28prop%2D2%2D%C3%A9n%2D1%2Dyle%29

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Formule chimique : C₆H₄(COOCH₂CH:CH₂)₂  5, record 23, French, - benz%C3%A8ne%2D1%2C2%2Ddicarboxylate%20de%20bis%28prop%2D2%2D%C3%A9n%2D1%2Dyle%29

Record 23,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Fórmula química: C₆H₄(COOCH₂CH:CH₂)₂  2, record 23, Spanish, - ftalato%20de%20dialilo

Record 24,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Allyl resins are available as monomers and as B-staged prepolymers. The monomers are often used as cross-linking agents and flow promoters for other polyesters; the prepolymers are the base resins for molding compounds and prepregs. The two most widely used allyl resins are diallyl orthophthalate(DAP) and diallyl isophthalate(DAIP)...  4, record 24, English, - bis%28prop%2D2%2Den%2D1%2Dyl%29%20benzene%2D1%2C3%2Ddicarboxylate

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Properties: Monomer is liquid ... prepolymer is solid ... Use: Molding and laminating, cross-linker for polyesters.  5, record 24, English, - bis%28prop%2D2%2Den%2D1%2Dyl%29%20benzene%2D1%2C3%2Ddicarboxylate

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 2 OBS

DAIP: This might be an in-house or a non-recognized abbreviation; not to be used alone, to avoid any risk of confusion.  1, record 24, English, - bis%28prop%2D2%2Den%2D1%2Dyl%29%20benzene%2D1%2C3%2Ddicarboxylate

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 3 OBS

Chemical formula: C₆H₄(COOH₂C:CHCH₂)₂  6, record 24, English, - bis%28prop%2D2%2Den%2D1%2Dyl%29%20benzene%2D1%2C3%2Ddicarboxylate

Record 24,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 OBS

On rencontre [...] quatre types de résines polyesters : -orthophtalique (les plus courantes) : acide = anhydride maléique, alcool = propylène glycol, solvant = styrène; -isophtalique : à caractéristiques améliorées; -à base de composés chlorés : auto-extinguibles; -à base de bisphénol : les meilleures.  3, record 24, French, - benz%C3%A8ne%2D1%2C3%2Ddicarboxylate%20de%20bis%28prop%2D2%2D%C3%A9n%2D1%2Dyle%29

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Formule chimique : C₆H₄(COOH₂C:CHCH₂)₂  4, record 24, French, - benz%C3%A8ne%2D1%2C3%2Ddicarboxylate%20de%20bis%28prop%2D2%2D%C3%A9n%2D1%2Dyle%29

Record 24,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Fórmula química: C₆H₄(COOH₂C:CHCH₂)₂  2, record 24, Spanish, - isoftalato%20de%20dialilo

Record 25,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A white powder, slightly acidic, that reacts with fat particles to form thick stable emulsions of oils in water.  4, record 25, English, - carboxypolymethylene

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Without intending to be limited, a preferred approach is to use a matrix dissolution technology based on acrylic acid polymers. Carbomer is the non-proprietary name for these materials. They are high molecular weight polymers prepared by cross-linking acrylic acids with the likes of allylsucrose or allyl ethers of pentaerythritol. Such polymers also go by the names acritamer or carbopol.  5, record 25, English, - carboxypolymethylene

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Used as a thickening, suspending, dispersing, and emulsifying agent in the cosmetic field.  4, record 25, English, - carboxypolymethylene

Record 25,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Polymère vinylé avec groupes carboxyles actifs.  2, record 25, French, - carboxypolym%C3%A9thyl%C3%A8ne

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Usage : émulsifiant.  2, record 25, French, - carboxypolym%C3%A9thyl%C3%A8ne

Record 25,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 26,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Meat tenderness is influenced by either the contractile state of the muscle(tough if the fibres have shortened) or by the amount of cross-linking in the collagen(tough if cross-linking is excessive, as in some older animals)...  2, record 26, English, - tenderness

Record 26,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Aptitude d'une viande à être tranchée [...], cisaillée [...] et broyée [...]  2, record 26, French, - tendret%C3%A9

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[...] les propriétés de la viande (que les consommateurs) sont eux-mêmes en mesure de pouvoir apprécier comme par exemple la tendreté, la succulence, la saveur, la couleur [...].  2, record 26, French, - tendret%C3%A9

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 OBS

La tendreté étant très appréciée par le consommateur, diverses techniques sont appliquées pour l'améliorer : attendrissement mécanique, maturation en atmosphère contrôlée, emploi d'additifs ou d'enzymes.  3, record 26, French, - tendret%C3%A9

Record 26,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Dificultad o facilidad con la que una carne se puede cortar o masticar.  1, record 26, Spanish, - terneza

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[...] los métodos de determinación [...] de apreciación objetiva [...] intentan predecir un valor de terneza en forma cuantitativa. El método objetivo mundialmente más usado es la Cizalla Warner-Bratzler, que consiste en un método directo, mediante el cual una cizalla mide la fuerza de corte en libras o en kg, es decir la resistencia de la carne a ser cortada, brindando un dato objetivo (a mayor valor de fuerza de corte, menor terneza).  1, record 26, Spanish, - terneza

Record 27,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Cross-linking to other blogs.  1, record 27, English, - blogrolling

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Most Web logs have links to other blogs, often on their main page, and that reinforces the community feel. There is even a name for this cross-linking : blogrolling.  1, record 27, English, - blogrolling

Record 27,  Textual support,  French

Record 27,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Difusión que los [bitacoreros] hacen entre sí de sus páginas, generalmente mediante una lista de sus blogs preferidos.  1, record 27, Spanish, - blogrolling

Record 28,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A urethane is formed from the reaction of an isocyanate with an alcohol. In general, polyurethanes are made using a diisocyanate, a low molecular weight diol(thermoplastic) and/or triol(cross-linked), and a polyether glycol or a polyester glycol. If the reagents are difunctional, a non cross-linked thermoplastic polyurethane will be formed; if the functionality of at least one of the reagents is greater than two, a cross-linked or three dimensional network will form. Cross-linked polyurethanes exhibit less mechanical creep than non cross-linked polyurethanes. The rubbery modulus of polyurethanes increases as the level of cross-linking is increased. Polyurethanes are diblock copolymers. They consist of hard segments(isocyanate and the chain extender rich areas) that act as physical crosslinks, and soft segments(polyether or polyester glycol rich areas).  3, record 28, English, - three%20dimensional%20network

Record 28,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les adhésifs époxydes sont constitués de : [...] un (ou des) durcisseur(s) ou agent(s) de réticulation qui, par réaction chimique avec les groupements époxydes, permettent la formation du réseau tridimensionnel réticulé.  2, record 28, French, - r%C3%A9seau%20tridimensionnel

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 2 CONT

La structure des TD (résines thermodurcissables) a la forme d'un réseau tridimensionnel qui se ponte (double liaison de polymérisation) pour durcir en forme de façon définitive, lors d'un échauffement. La transformation est donc irréversible.  3, record 28, French, - r%C3%A9seau%20tridimensionnel

Record 28,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 29,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A type of durable press finish in which the finish is applied to the fabric and set or cured through the use of heat by the mill, prior to shipment of the fabric to be made into garments.  1, record 29, English, - pre%2Dcure

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 OBS

In the pre-cure process... after the usual paddry-cure after wash technique, the garment is manufactured from the crease resistant fabric. The creases are then heat-processed after local application of a small amount of cross-linking agent, together with an acidic solution and an acidic catalyst.  2, record 29, English, - pre%2Dcure

Record 29,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Traitement en une seule étape (par opposition à la post-polymérisation), en vue du pressage permanent.  1, record 29, French, - pr%C3%A9%2Dpolym%C3%A9risation

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Le fabricant du tissu applique l'apprêt et le fait sécher lui-même à la chaleur.  1, record 29, French, - pr%C3%A9%2Dpolym%C3%A9risation

Record 29,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 30,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A urethane is formed from the reaction of an isocyanate with an alcohol. In general, polyurethanes are made using a diisocyanate, a low molecular weight diol(thermoplastic) and/or triol(cross-linked), and a polyether glycol or a polyester glycol. If the reagents are difunctional, a non cross-linked thermoplastic polyurethane will be formed; if the functionality of at least one of the reagents is greater than two, a cross-linked or three dimensional network will form. Cross-linked polyurethanes exhibit less mechanical creep than non cross-linked polyurethanes. The rubbery modulus of polyurethanes increases as the level of cross-linking is increased. Polyurethanes are diblock copolymers. They consist of hard segments(isocyanate and the chain extender rich areas) that act as physical crosslinks, and soft segments(polyether or polyester glycol rich areas).  2, record 30, English, - polyester%20glycol

Record 30,  Textual support,  French

Record 30,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 31,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A lectin isolated from the plant Canavalia ensiformis.  1, record 31, English, - concanavalin%20A

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Concavalin A is used to purify glycoproteins by affinity chromatography and to agglutinate cells by cross-linking cell-surface glycoproteins. The protein also stimulates resting lymphocytes to undergo mitosis and multiply.  1, record 31, English, - concanavalin%20A

Record 31,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Mitogène utilisé pour obtenir la transformation blastique des lymphocytes in vitro.  3, record 31, French, - concanavaline%20A

Record 31,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 32,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A urethane is formed from the reaction of an isocyanate with an alcohol. In general, polyurethanes are made using a diisocyanate, a low molecular weight diol(thermoplastic) and/or triol(cross-linked), and a polyether glycol or a polyester glycol. If the reagents are difunctional, a non cross-linked thermoplastic polyurethane will be formed; if the functionality of at least one of the reagents is greater than two, a cross-linked or three dimensional network will form. Cross-linked polyurethanes exhibit less mechanical creep than non cross-linked polyurethanes. The rubbery modulus of polyurethanes increases as the level of cross-linking is increased. Polyurethanes are diblock copolymers. They consist of hard segments(isocyanate and the chain extender rich areas) that act as physical crosslinks, and soft segments(polyether or polyester glycol rich areas).  2, record 32, English, - rubbery%20modulus

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 2 CONT

It has been reported that the glassy and rubbery modulus of a curing resin is relatively insensitive to the degree of cure of the material.  3, record 32, English, - rubbery%20modulus

Record 32,  Textual support,  French

Record 32,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 33,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A urethane is formed from the reaction of an isocyanate with an alcohol. In general, polyurethanes are made using a diisocyanate, a low molecular weight diol(thermoplastic) and/or triol(cross-linked), and a polyether glycol or a polyester glycol. If the reagents are difunctional, a non cross-linked thermoplastic polyurethane will be formed; if the functionality of at least one of the reagents is greater than two, a cross-linked or three dimensional network will form. Cross-linked polyurethanes exhibit less mechanical creep than non cross-linked polyurethanes. The rubbery modulus of polyurethanes increases as the level of cross-linking is increased. Polyurethanes are diblock copolymers. They consist of hard segments(isocyanate and the chain extender rich areas) that act as physical crosslinks, and soft segments(polyether or polyester glycol rich areas).  2, record 33, English, - difunctional%20reagent

Record 33,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 CONT

nous [...] sommes restés dans l'idée d'utiliser un diluant réactif difonctionnel qui jouera le rôle de plastifiant interne. Ce diluant, par sa présence, diminuera la viscosité du mélange fondu et augmentera son temps de gel.  2, record 33, French, - r%C3%A9actif%20difonctionnel

Record 33,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 34,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A urethane is formed from the reaction of an isocyanate with an alcohol. In general, polyurethanes are made using a diisocyanate, a low molecular weight diol(thermoplastic) and/or triol(cross-linked), and a polyether glycol or a polyester glycol. If the reagents are difunctional, a non cross-linked thermoplastic polyurethane will be formed; if the functionality of at least one of the reagents is greater than two, a cross-linked or three dimensional network will form. Cross-linked polyurethanes exhibit less mechanical creep than non cross-linked polyurethanes. The rubbery modulus of polyurethanes increases as the level of cross-linking is increased. Polyurethanes are diblock copolymers. They consist of hard segments(isocyanate and the chain extender rich areas) that act as physical crosslinks, and soft segments(polyether or polyester glycol rich areas).  3, record 34, English, - cross%2Dlinked%20network

Record 34,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les adhésifs époxydes sont constitués de : [...] un (ou des) durcisseur(s) ou agent(s) de réticulation qui, par réaction chimique avec les groupements époxydes, permettent la formation du réseau tridimensionnel réticulé.  3, record 34, French, - r%C3%A9seau%20pont%C3%A9

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 OBS

La structure des TD (résines thermodurcissables) a la forme d'un réseau tridimensionnel qui se ponte (double liaison de polymérisation) pour durcir en forme de façon définitive, lors d'un échauffement. La transformation est donc irréversible.  4, record 34, French, - r%C3%A9seau%20pont%C3%A9

Record 34,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 35,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A pipe made from a thermosetting material derived from chemical cross-linking or vulcanizing of polyethylene at an elevated temperature and pressure.  4, record 35, English, - PEX%20tube

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Cross-linked polyethylene pipes [are] designed to withstand temperatures greater than HDPE [high density polyethylene] pipe; used for in-floor (also known as radiant floor) heating systems, domestic water piping systems and other types.  5, record 35, English, - PEX%20tube

Record 35,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 OBS

[Les] tuyaux en polyéthylène réticulé [...] résistent à des températures plus élevées que celles auxquelles résistent les tuyaux en PEHD [polyéthylène haute densité]. [Ils sont] utilisés dans des systèmes de chauffage dans le plancher (connus également comme systèmes de chauffage par rayonnement à partir du plancher), des systèmes de tuyauterie d'eau sanitaire et autres.  1, record 35, French, - tuyau%20en%20poly%C3%A9thyl%C3%A8ne%20r%C3%A9ticul%C3%A9

Record 35,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 36,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Thermosetting material derived from chemical cross-linking or vulcanizing of polyethylene at an elevated temperature and pressure so that the long polymer chains of independent molecules are reinforced by cross-linking into the form of a lattice network.  1, record 36, English, - cross%2Dlinked%20polyethylene

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Used for insulation of electrical cable.  1, record 36, English, - cross%2Dlinked%20polyethylene

Record 36,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Matériau thermodurcissable obtenu par réticulation ou vulcanisation chimique d'un polyéthylène, à température élevée et sous pression, de façon à ce que les longues chaînes polymérisées des molécules indépendantes soient renforcées par entrecroisement sous la forme d'un treillis.  3, record 36, French, - poly%C3%A9thyl%C3%A8ne%20r%C3%A9ticul%C3%A9

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Utilisé dans les isolants des câbles électriques.  3, record 36, French, - poly%C3%A9thyl%C3%A8ne%20r%C3%A9ticul%C3%A9

Record 36,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 37,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The action of the vb. embrittle, or the result of such action; loss of ductility.  3, record 37, English, - embrittlement

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... the embrittlement of cotton in conventional processes was due to the use of an acid catalyst at a high temperature.  3, record 37, English, - embrittlement

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 2 CONT

The fiber and fabrics from PBI retain their flexibility, dimensional stability, and significant strength without embrittlement even when exposed to flame or extreme heat.  2, record 37, English, - embrittlement

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 3 CONT

Random cross-linking in manufactured polymers is undesirable and leads to brittleness and loss of tensile strength.  2, record 37, English, - embrittlement

Record 37,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Fait d'être rendu [...] fragile.  2, record 37, French, - fragilisation

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les propriétés des matériaux soumis aux températures extrêmes des liquides cryogéniques sont radicalement modifiées et parfois de manière inattendue (contrainte thermique et fragilisation).  3, record 37, French, - fragilisation

Record 37,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 38,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Ink made for thermal in-line curing using reactive cross-linking vehicles, little or no solvent, and drying by application of heat.  1, record 38, English, - thermal%20curing%20ink

Record 38,  Textual support,  French

Record 38,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 39,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A relatively thin imaging layer of a photo-cross-linking resist is spun over a thicker layer of hard-baked resist that functions as a planarizing layer and antireflective coating.  3, record 39, English, - photo%2Dcross%2Dlinking

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 2 CONT

... efficient photoinduced cross-linking of polymers...  2, record 39, English, - photo%2Dcross%2Dlinking

Record 39,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Procédé de séchage des résines, vernis et encres d'imprimerie, sous l'action d'un rayonnement énergétique provoquant une réaction chimique de réticulation.  2, record 39, French, - photor%C3%A9ticulation

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le rayonnement utilisé est en général de l'ultraviolet ou, plus rarement, un faisceau d'électrons. Le procédé a plusieurs avantages : faible consommation d'énergie; pas d'apport thermique, ce qui permet de revêtir les matériaux sensibles à la chaleur (bois, papier, plastiques); productivité élevée grâce à la rapidité du séchage; pas d'émission de solvant. Mais le procédé ne peut s'appliquer qu'aux surfaces planes ou presque planes, la qualité de l'adhérence dépendant de la nature du support. Enfin, il ne s'applique pas aux vernis opaques ou colorés sur de fortes épaisseurs.  2, record 39, French, - photor%C3%A9ticulation

Record 39,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 40,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 1 DEF

solid-state polymerization : Reaction of the active end-groups within a solid polymer. It may be intentional as in heating and drying nylon 66 to increase the final degree of polymerization; or it may be undesirable such as that which occurs in fibers under high-temperature conditions in tires that leads to increased degree of polymerization, cross-linking, and subsequent brittleness and loss of strength.  1, record 40, English, - solid%2Dstate%20polymerization

Record 40,  Textual support,  French

Record 40,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 41,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 41, Textual support number: 1 CONT

solid-state polymerization :... that which occurs in fibers under high-temperature conditions in tires that leads to increased degree of polymerization, cross-linking, and subsequent brittleness and loss of strength.  1, record 41, English, - loss%20of%20strength

Record number: 41, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Loss in Strength and Colour Change of Fabrics Due to Retained Chlorine. (Source: Standard number: CAN/CGSB-4.2 55-M90)  2, record 41, English, - loss%20of%20strength

Record 41,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 41, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Perte de résistance et changement de couleur des tissus, causés par la rétention de chlore. (Source : Numéro de norme : CAN/CGSB-4.255-M90)  1, record 41, French, - perte%20de%20r%C3%A9sistance

Record 41,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 42,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 42, Textual support number: 1 CONT

solid-state polymerization : Reaction of the active end-groups within a solid polymer. It may be intentional as in heating and drying nylon 66 to increase the final degree of polymerization; or it may be undesirable such as that which occurs in fibers under high-temperature conditions in tires that leads to increased degree of polymerization, cross-linking, and subsequent brittleness and loss of strength.  1, record 42, English, - under%20high%2Dtemperature%20conditions

Record 42,  Textual support,  French

Record 42,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 43,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 43, Textual support number: 1 DEF

curing oven : Heated chamber for the purpose of solidifying a coating by either chemical cross-linking or drying.  1, record 43, English, - curing%20oven

Record number: 43, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Curing. A process in wich polymers or oligomers are chemically cross-linked to form polymer networks.  2, record 43, English, - curing%20oven

Record 43,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 43, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Une étuve de polymérisation comporte trois zones pour la gélification, le formage et la polymérisation finale; c'est dans cette étuve que sont disposés les conformateurs qui donneront progressivement au composite verre/résine entrant dans l'étuve la forme souhaitée.  1, record 43, French, - %C3%A9tuve%20de%20polym%C3%A9risation

Record 43,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 44,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 44, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A liquid(at room temperature) with a sharp, pungent odor; miscible with ether, acetone, and benzene; used to make polyurethane foams and other elastomers, and also as a protein cross-linking agent.  1, record 44, English, - toluene%202%2C4%2Ddiisocyanate

Record 44,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 44, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Liquide incolore ou jaune pâle d'odeur désagréable, peu corrosif. [...] Usages : Polyuréthanes (résines, mousses, élastomères).  2, record 44, French, - tolu%C3%A8ne%2D2%2C4%2Ddiisocyanate

Record 44,  Textual support,  Spanish