TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Leonard Adleman, a mathematician at the University of Southern California, combined microscopic bits of DNA to calculate a well-known computer problem. A DNA computer processes each step comparatively slowly, but it can work on billions of sites at once in a cell or a test tube. The standard computer problem that Adleman tackled in his lab is one that seeks a route connecting seven cities, some of which have no direct connections between them, in such a way that a hypothetical traveller arrives at each city only once without backtracking. He solved this puzzle by treating the chemical units of DNA as computing symbols, then assigning a series of symbols to each "city. "He then used DNAs natural affinity to join its strands together to create possible city-to-city sequences. In a test tube, very short bits of DNA zipped on to other bits, until all possible routes to the seven cities were assembled very rapidly. This sorting of codes serves as a type of computation even though the DNA was doing nothing unusual.  1, record 1, English, - DNA%20computer

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Vers l'ordinateur à ADN [...] Face à un bogue, les puces déclencheront forcément la bonne réaction de la même façon que notre système immunitaire s'adapte à une nouvelle maladie. Du coup, certains informaticiens se prennent carrément à rêver au «DNA computing», un ordinateur constitué en partie de «briques» d'ADN.  1, record 1, French, - ordinateur%20%C3%A0%20ADN

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Nanocomputadora (nano-ordenador) que usa ADN (ácido desoxirribonucleico) para almacenar información y realizar cálculos complejos.  2, record 1, Spanish, - computadora%20de%20ADN

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Microbial Genetics : An Introduction to Recombinant DNA Technology. Shimmin, Lawrence; Matney, Thomas. Three semester hours. Fall annually. Prerequisite : consent of instructor. A study of the molecular basis of heredity in microorganisms. Topics include : mutagenesis, genetic mapping, recombination, complementation, lysogeny, genetic regulation, cloning vectors, cDNA and genomic libraries, restriction mapping, DNA sequencing, and computer applications.  2, record 2, English, - microbial%20genetics

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les maladies génétiques étaient jadis attribuées selon le modèle classique de la génétique microbienne, soit à des mutations de gènes de structure, soit à des mutations des gènes de régulation.  2, record 2, French, - g%C3%A9n%C3%A9tique%20microbienne

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Ces dernières années, les progrès de la génétique microbienne ont été si rapides et si spectaculaires qu'ils ont apporté à l'industrie de la fermentation une série d'options tout à fait nouvelles.  3, record 2, French, - g%C3%A9n%C3%A9tique%20microbienne

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[They] worked [together] to complete the most sophisticated of the four instruments-the DNA sequencer(1986). This machine rapidly determines the order of the four letters across the 24 strings of DNA by labeling the four DNA letters with laser-activated fluorescent dyes in red, green, blue or orange. The DNA sequences are then interpreted by a computer.  1, record 3, English, - automated%20DNA%20sequencer

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Séquenceur automatique d'ADN. Cet appareil automatise l'opération de séquençage de l'ADN, technique qui consiste à déterminer l'ordre d'enchaînement des nucléotides d'un fragment d'ADN donné.  3, record 3, French, - s%C3%A9quenceur%20automatique%20d%27ADN

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The results of the electrophoresis produce an electropherogram in which the fluorescently-labeled fragments [of DNA] are detected using modern laser technology and computer imaging.  1, record 4, English, - electropherogram

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Graphique obtenu lors d'un séquençage d'ADN.  1, record 4, French, - %C3%A9lectrophor%C3%A9gramme

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A computer program, which runs on MS-DOS personal computers, is described that assists in the design of synthetic genes coding for proteins. The goal of the program is the design of a gene which(i) contains as many unique restriction sites as possible and(ii) uses a specific codon usage. The gene designed according to the criteria above is(i) suitable for ’modular mutagenesis’ experiments and(ii) optimized for expression. The program ’reverse-translates’ protein sequences into degenerated DNA sequences, generates a map of potential restriction sites and locates sequence positions where unique restriction sites can be accommodated. The nucleic acid sequence is then ’refined’ according to a specific codon usage to remove any degeneration. Unique restriction sites, if potentially present, can be ’forced’ into the degenerated nucleic acid sequence by using ’priority codes’ assigned to different restriction sequences.  1, record 5, English, - synthetic%20gene

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

SeqAnalRef. Sequence Analysis Bibliographic Reference Data Bank. Release: 67.0 / February 1996 in Internet at the address mentioned in b.  2, record 5, English, - synthetic%20gene

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[...] les chimistes ont déjà créé des molécules capables de s'assembler et de se répliquer elles-mêmes - et de nouveaux types de microorganismes, totalement différents de ceux qui existent aujourd'hui. Ceux-ci intégreront des gènes synthétiques et seront améliorés par sélection accélérée, selon le principe des mécanismes naturels de l'évolution.  1, record 5, French, - g%C3%A8ne%20synth%C3%A9tique

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish