TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A physical mapping approach that uses fluorescein tags to detect hybridization of probes with metaphase chromosomes and with the less-condensed somatic interphase chromatin.  4, record 1, English, - fluorescence%20in%20situ%20hybridization

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Until recently, even the best chromosomal maps could be used to locate a DNA [deoxyribonucleic acid] fragment only to a region of about 10 Mb, the size of a typical band seen on a chromosome. Improvements in fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH) methods allow orientation of DNA sequences that lie as close as 2 to 5 Mb.  2, record 1, English, - fluorescence%20in%20situ%20hybridization

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Fluorescent in situ hybridization on interphase nuclei prepared from normal male fibroblast cultures gave a distance between D9S12 and D9S180 of about one Mb.  3, record 1, English, - fluorescence%20in%20situ%20hybridization

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le développement des techniques d'hybridation in situ en fluorescence et la mise au point de systèmes d'imagerie dont les performances répondent aux exigences des cytogénéticiens permettent aujourd'hui la mise en œuvre de méthodes analytiques puissantes, clés de l'investigation efficace du génome et de ses anomalies.  2, record 1, French, - hybridation%20in%20situ%20en%20fluorescence

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[Técnica] que utiliza sondas de ADN [ácido desoxirribonucleico] marcadas con fluorescencia para detectar o confirmar anomalías génicas o cromosómicas que generalmente están más allá del poder de resolución de la citogenética de rutina.  1, record 1, Spanish, - hibridaci%C3%B3n%20in%20situ%20fluorescente

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) o hibridación fluorescente in situ es una técnica que combina citogenética clásica con biología molecular. Con esta asociación se logra obtener la información genética manteniendo la estructura de las células o tejidos estudiados. [...] FISH es una herramienta importante en investigación y se incrementa su uso en diagnóstico humano. [...] ejemplos de su aplicación [...]: genética pre y postnatal; diagnóstico, seguimiento y/o pronóstico en cáncer; determinaciones de anomalías en embriones de preimplantación; microbiología; radiobiología; medio ambiente y evolución.  2, record 1, Spanish, - hibridaci%C3%B3n%20in%20situ%20fluorescente

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

FISH por su sigla en inglés.  3, record 1, Spanish, - hibridaci%C3%B3n%20in%20situ%20fluorescente

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The product of the molar concentration of the nucleic acid and time of reaction at 65°C. It may be expressed in terms of moles of nucleotides times seconds per litre. It is used in the measurement of reassociation of heat-denatured DNA.  3, record 2, English, - cot%20unit

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

A similar term, the rot value, is used for DNA : RNA hybridization experiments in which cDNA is hybridized with an excess of RNA; it is the product of the reaction time and the initial RNA.  2, record 2, English, - cot%20unit

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Produit de la concentration molaire en nucléotides et du temps d'incubation à 65°C exprimé en (moles/litre) x secondes. Il est utilisé dans les cinétiques de renaturation de l'ADN.  2, record 2, French, - Cot

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Le terme Cot peut s'écrire C_ot.  3, record 2, French, - Cot

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A simple macroarray system based on the use of polyester cloth as the solid phase for DNA hybridization has been developed for the identification and characterization of bacteria on the basis of the presence of various virulence and toxin genes... As an example of the applicability of this cloth-based hybridization array system(CHAS) in the characterization of foodborne pathogens.  1, record 3, English, - cloth%2Dbased%20hybridization%20array%20system

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Caractérisation de colonies d'Escherichia coli vérotoxigénique O157:H7 par une réaction en chaîne de la polymérase et une méthode d'hybridation de puce à ADN sur tissu (CHAS).  1, record 3, French, - hybridation%20de%20puce%20%C3%A0%20ADN%20sur%20tissu

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Techniques for directly measuring and monitoring changes in genetic variation are reviewed by a number of authors. These techniques include karyotypic analysis, electrophoresis, DNA sequencing and hybridization, sibling analysis, mt(mitochondrial) DNA comparisons, morphological and physiological comparisons(within populations and between geographically separated populations, including endemics), offspring-parent regression, and practical "hands on" experience from many decades of plant breeding using material collected in the wild.  2, record 4, English, - DNA%20hybridization

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Ces techniques comprennent le caryotypage, l'électrophorèse, le séquençage et l'hybridation de l'ADN, l'analyse des espèces jumelles, la comparaison des ADN mitochondriaux, les comparaisons morphologiques et physiologiques (au sein d'une population et entre populations isolées géographiquement, voire endémiques) ainsi que l'analyse de la régression entre parents et descendants.  2, record 4, French, - hybridation%20de%20l%27ADN

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Apareamiento de dos moléculas de ADN monocatenario, potencialmente de origen diferente, para formar una doble hélice parcial o completa.  2, record 4, Spanish, - hibridaci%C3%B3n%20del%20ADN

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

El alcance de la hibridación varía con el grado de complementariedad entre las dos moléculas, lo que se utiliza para detectar la presencia de secuencias específicas de nucleótidos en muestras de ADN.  2, record 4, Spanish, - hibridaci%C3%B3n%20del%20ADN

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Single-stranded DNA that is synthesized from an RNA template by the enzyme reverse transcriptase.  3, record 5, English, - cDNA

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

It may be radioactively labeled and hybridized with cellular DNA, and the kinetics of hybridization may be used to measure the number of copies of specific genes in various types of cells. Such probes are also useful in DNA recombination and cloning techniques.  3, record 5, English, - cDNA

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

ADN simple brin, qui est une copie d'un ARN obtenue par une transcription inverse.  2, record 5, French, - ADN%20compl%C3%A9mentaire

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

L'ADNc double brin résulte de la copie du premier brin par une ADN polymérase.  2, record 5, French, - ADN%20compl%C3%A9mentaire

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

ADN [ácido desoxirribonucleico] monocatenario sintetizado in vitro a partir de un molde de ARN maduro por medio de la enzima transcriptasa inversa.  1, record 5, Spanish, - ADN%20complementario

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Para sintetizar la molécula de doble hebra se utiliza posteriormente la ADN polimerasa.  1, record 5, Spanish, - ADN%20complementario

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Se diferencia del ADN genómico en que carece de intrones.  1, record 5, Spanish, - ADN%20complementario

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The process by which a chromosome or plasmid map is constructed.  3, record 6, English, - genetic%20mapping

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

It involves a variety of techniques, such as cytologic deletion, complementation, and linkage mapping; in situ hybridization; pedigree analysis; recombinant DNA studies and somatic cell genetics.  3, record 6, English, - genetic%20mapping

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Ensemble des méthodes permettant de déterminer les positions relatives des gènes, locus, sites de mutation, de restriction, etc., sur les chromosomes.  4, record 6, French, - cartographie%20g%C3%A9n%C3%A9tique

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Construcción de un mapa genético total (de todo el genoma) o parcial (alrededor de un gen).  1, record 6, Spanish, - cartograf%C3%ADa%20gen%C3%A9tica

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

De manera más general, determinación de la situación de un locus (gen o marcador genético) en un cromosoma.  1, record 6, Spanish, - cartograf%C3%ADa%20gen%C3%A9tica

Record 9,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

HyChip uses a method called sequencing by hybridization(SBH), a process that defines an unknown strand of DNA by studying how it pairs up with a strand in which the sequence is known.  2, record 9, English, - sequencing%20by%20hybridization

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le séquençage par hybridation (SPH). Alors que la méthode enzymatique dite méthode de Sanger peut être considérée comme une épellation de la séquence, c'est-à-dire une lecture base par base, le SPH procède par lecture de petits blocs. L'analyse porte sur des sous-séquences chevauchantes qui sont lues et réassemblées au moyen d'un programme informatique qui reconstitue la séquence étudiée.  2, record 9, French, - s%C3%A9quen%C3%A7age%20par%20hybridation

Record 9,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 10,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

FISH analysis using chromosome 8-specific centromeric alphoid probe and C-banding further demonstrated that the minichromosome is derived from chromosome 8 centromere... Southern blot analysis using Ecogpt gene as a probe after pulsed-field gel electrophoresis of high molecular weight DNA in agarose plugs did not display any hybridization. However, hybridization of blots containing gamma-irradiated DNA or Not1 digested DNA in agarose plugs with the Ecogpt gene probe showed a 1. 6 mb band suggesting circular nature of the minichromosome.  2, record 10, English, - minichromosome

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Chromosome de petite taille qui se réplique en suivant le cycle mitotique.  2, record 10, French, - minichromosome

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Un minichromosome n'est généralement présent qu'en une seule copie.  2, record 10, French, - minichromosome

Record 10,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 11,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Hybridization(annealing) of purified, denatured DNA as used to investigate homologies between DNA molecules from different sources and to examine the relation of particular DNA fractions to the rest of the genome.  1, record 11, English, - DNA%2DDNA%20hybridization

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Reannealing kinetics are used as a measure of genome complexity.  1, record 11, English, - DNA%2DDNA%20hybridization

Record 11,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Association obtenue expérimentalement in vitro entre deux brins d'ADN monocaténaires de deux espèces différentes. Cette technique permet d'établir le degré de parenté génique qui peut exister entre différents groupes zoologiques.  1, record 11, French, - hybridation%20ADN%2DADN

Record 11,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 12,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Breast cancer progression is determined by a complex pattern of multiple genetic aberrations the association of which with patient prognosis is unknown. In this study, we have undertaken a genome-wide screening to detect genetic changes associated with clinical outcome in node-negative breast cancer. Comparative genomic hybridization was used to screen for DNA sequence gains and losses across all human chromosomes in 23 tumors...  1, record 12, English, - genomic%20hybridization

Record 12,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La séquence FISH (hybridation en fluorescence in situ) et le développement des techniques fondées sur son principe sont en train de modifier radicalement les méthodes d'analyse de la génétique. Parmi celles-ci, l'hybridation génomique comparative (CGH) constitue un outil performant d'exploration du génome.  1, record 12, French, - hybridation%20g%C3%A9nomique%20comparative

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 2 CONT

La CGH est une méthode permettant d'évaluer une modification du nombre de copies d'ADN dans un génome pathologique [...] Son principe est fondé sur la compétition, lors de l'hybridation, entre un ADN génomique normal et un ADN génomique pathologique.  1, record 12, French, - hybridation%20g%C3%A9nomique%20comparative

Record 12,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 13,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Primed in situ labeling(PRINS) is a fast alternative to traditional in situ hybridization, requiring only a tew handling steps(1, 2). In the PRINS reaction, an unlabeled sequence-specific oligonucleotide primer or short DNA fragment is hybridized(annealed) to denatures chromosomal DNA and extended in situ in the presence of hapten-labeled nucleotide triphos phates by a suitable DNA polymerase(3). The technique is especially suited for the rapid identification of chromo somes with oligonucleotide primers specific for individual chromosomal sequences and chromosomal elements like centromer or satellite sequences.  2, record 13, English, - primed%20in%20situ%20labeling%20of%20nucleic%20acids

Record 13,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La technique PRINS (primed in situ DNA synthesis), encore dénommée amorçage in situ, permet de localiser au niveau chromosomique des séquences répétées et présentes en de nombreuses copies. Elle nécessite une amorce nucléotidique capable de s'hybrider à la séquence d'ADN dénaturé. L'hybridation de l'amorce est suivie d'une extension in situ par incorporation, en présence de la Taq polymérase [...]  1, record 13, French, - technique%20PRINS

Record 13,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 14,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Techniques for directly measuring and monitoring changes in genetic variation are reviewed by a number of authors. These techniques include karyotypic analysis, electrophoresis, DNA sequencing and hybridization, sibling analysis, mt(mitochondrial) DNA comparisons, morphological and physiological comparisons(within populations and between geographically separated populations, including endemics), offspring-parent regression, and practical "hands on" experience from many decades of plant breeding using material collected in the wild.  1, record 14, English, - sibling%20analysis

Record 14,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Ces techniques comprennent le caryotypage, l'électrophorèse, le séquençage et l'hybridation de l'ADN, l'analyse des espèces jumelles, la comparaison des ADN mitochondriaux, les comparaisons morphologiques et physiologiques (au sein d'une population et entre populations isolées géographiquement, voire endémiques) ainsi que l'analyse de la régression entre parents et descendants.  1, record 14, French, - analyse%20des%20esp%C3%A8ces%20jumelles

Record 14,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 15,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Techniques for directly measuring and monitoring changes in genetic variation are reviewed by a number of authors. These techniques include karyotypic analysis, electrophoresis, DNA sequencing and hybridization, sibling analysis, mt(mitochondrial) DNA comparisons, morphological and physiological comparisons(within populations and between geographically separated populations, including endemics), offspring-parent regression, and practical "hands on" experience from many decades of plant breeding using material collected in the wild.  1, record 15, English, - offspring%2Dparent%20regression

Record 15,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Ces techniques comprennent le caryotypage, l'électrophorèse, le séquençage et l'hybridation de l'ADN, l'analyse des espèces jumelles, la comparaison des ADN mitochondriaux, les comparaisons morphologiques et physiologiques (au sein d'une population et entre populations isolées géographiquement, voire endémiques) ainsi que l'analyse de la régression entre parents et descendants.  1, record 15, French, - analyse%20de%20la%20r%C3%A9gression%20entre%20parents%20et%20descendants

Record 15,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 16,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Techniques for directly measuring and monitoring changes in genetic variation are reviewed by a number of authors. These techniques include karyotypic analysis, electrophoresis, DNA sequencing and hybridization, sibling analysis, mt(mitochondrial) DNA comparisons, morphological and physiological comparisons(within populations and between geographically separated populations, including endemics), offspring-parent regression, and practical "hands on" experience from many decades of plant breeding using material collected in the wild.  1, record 16, English, - mitochondrial%20DNA%20comparison

Record 16,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Ces techniques comprennent le caryotypage, l'électrophorèse, le séquençage et l'hybridation de l'ADN, l'analyse des espèces jumelles, la comparaison des ADN mitochondriaux, les comparaisons morphologiques et physiologiques (au sein d'une population et entre populations isolées géographiquement, voire endémiques) ainsi que l'analyse de la régression entre parents et descendants.  1, record 16, French, - comparaison%20des%20ADN%20mitochondriaux

Record 16,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 17,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The residents will be exposed to the following areas : protein electrophoresis and immunofixation; direct and indirect immunofluorescence and enzyme immunohistology procedures; flow cytometry, including DNA ploidy/cell cycle analysis; anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies(ANCA) and anti-nuclear antibodies; enzyme immunoassay; in situ hybridization; and direct and indirect in situ PCR.  1, record 17, English, - indirect%20PCR%20in%20situ

Record 17,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Son principe est basé sur l'incorporation des nucléotides non marqués. La détection des produits amplifiés est réalisée par hybridation in situ classique grâce à des sondes radiomarquées ou couplées à un haptène.  1, record 17, French, - PCR%20in%20situ%20indirecte

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Cette méthode de révélation est très spécifique et peut être comparée dans son principe au transfert de Southern (Southern blot) qui est, entre autres, employé pour confirmer les résultats obtenus par PCR liquide.  1, record 17, French, - PCR%20in%20situ%20indirecte

Record 17,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 18,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In a chromosomal map, genes or other identifiable DNA fragments are assigned to their respective chromosomes, with distances measured in base pairs. These markers can be physically associated with particular bands(identified by cytogenetic staining) primarily by in situ hybridization, a technique that involves tagging the DNA marker with an observable label(e. g.) one that fluorescesces or is radioactive). The location of the labeled probe can be detected after its binds to its complementary DNA strand in an intact chromosome.  1, record 18, English, - chromosomal%20map

Record 18,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Représentation de points de repères cytologiques d'un chromosome, reliés à des loci connus par des mutations et leur position sur une carte génétique.  1, record 18, French, - carte%20chromosomique

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Définition tirée d'un vocabulaire dans INTERNET.  2, record 18, French, - carte%20chromosomique

Record 18,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 19,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Although not widely reported, there are a number of other vectors being developed with an eye to gene therapy for genetic deficiency diseases. For this, or for the production of valuable compounds from mammalian cells, it is possible also to use somatic cell hybridization; microcell mediated gene transfer, where donor microcells containing only one or several chromosomes are fused with genetically intact recipients; chromosome mediated gene transfer, involving the endocytosis of cell free chromosomes by the recipient cell with only subchromosomal fragments being retained; and, even DNA mediated gene transfer, where protein free naked DNA is taken up by recipient cells.  2, record 19, English, - recipient%20cell

Record 19,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Bien que l'on n'en ait pas fait largement état, un certain nombre d'autres vecteurs sont à l'étude en vue du traitement génétique de maladies héréditaires. Dans ce but, ou pour produire des composés utiles à partir de cellules de mammifères, on peut aussi recourir à l'hybridation de cellules somatiques, au transfert de gènes par des microcellules (des microcellules donneuses ne contenant qu'un ou quelques chromosomes sont fusionnées avec des cellules receveuses génétiquement intactes), au transfert de gènes par des chromosomes (avec endocytose de chromosomes libres par la cellule receveuse, seuls des fragments sous-chromosomiques étant retenus) et même au transfert de gènes au moyen d'ADN (absorption d'ADN nu sans protéine par les cellules receveuses).  1, record 19, French, - cellule%20receveuse

Record 19,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 20,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Two strategies have been used to clone specific sequences of eukaryotic, genomic DNA in bacteriophage lambda vectors. The first involved cloning of DNA preparations that had been highly enriched for the sequences of interest. Total genomic DNA was digested to completion with a restriction endonuclease and the resulting fragments were separated by preparative gel electrophoresis, reverse-phase column chromatography, or both. The fractions containing the DNA sequences of interest were identified by hybridization to appropriate probes and cloned in bacteriophage lambda vectors. Because these fractionation procedures may yield an overall enrichment of as much as 100-fold to 300-fold, the number of recombinant bacteriophages that had to be generated and screened for the DNA sequences of interest could be significantly reduced. Subsequently, the development of efficient in vitro packaging systems and in situ hybridization techniques eliminated the need to enrich the starting DNA for the sequences of interest.  1, record 20, English, - reverse%20phase%20column%20chromatography

Record 20,  Textual support,  French

Record 20,  Textual support,  Spanish