TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A map of the relative positions of genetic loci on a chromosome, determined on the basis of how often the loci are inherited together; distance is measured in centimorgans (cM).  1, record 1, English, - linkage%20map

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A genetic linkage map shows the relative locations of specific DNA markers along the chromosome. Any inherited physical or molecular characteristic that differs among individuals and is easily detectable in the laboratory is a potential genetic marker.  2, record 1, English, - linkage%20map

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les cartes de liaison permettent également le clonage de gènes et la localisation des gènes de létalité. Par ailleurs, la comparaison de l'organisation des génomes d'espèces ou de genres phylogénétiquement proches permet d'apporter les éléments de réponse quant à l'évolution des espèces [...] C'est dans le développement des cartes de liaison pour l'analyse génétique des espèces et pour leur utilisation potentielle en sélection, que les marqueurs moléculaires ont trouvé une de leur plus retentissante utilisation. En effet, les cartes génétiques saturées permettent des études génétiques détaillées, une décomposition des caractères complexes en leurs composantes discrètes («QTL») et l'utilisation de la liaison entre marqueur et «QTL» pour la sélection assistée par marqueurs.  1, record 1, French, - carte%20de%20liaison

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Diagrama lineal o circular que muestra las posiciones relativas de los genes en un cromosoma, basadas en las fracciones de recombinación.  1, record 1, Spanish, - mapa%20de%20ligamiento

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

During the normal production of sperm and egg cells, DNA strands occasionally break and rejoin in different places on the same chromosome or on the other copy of the same chromosome (i.e., the homologous chromosome). This process (called meiotic recombination) can result in the separation of two markers orginally on the same chromosome.  1, record 2, English, - meiotic%20recombination

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 2 CONT

A genetic linkage map shows the relative locations of specific DNA markers along the chromosome. Any inherited physical or molecular characteristic that differs among individuals and is easily detectable in the laboratory is a potential genetic marker.  1, record 2, English, - meiotic%20recombination

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Nos travaux concernent l'étude des sites d'initiation et la caractérisation des lésions initiatrices. Il s'agit de cassures double-brin de l'ADN (CDBs) dont la réparation sur le chromosome homologue conduit à la recombinaison méiotique, qui est une étape nécessaire à la ségrégation réductionnelle des chromosomes homologues lors de la 1ère division de méiose.  1, record 2, French, - recombinaison%20m%C3%A9iotique

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A technique based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of DNA fragment using single primer with an arbitrary nucleotide sequence.  2, record 3, English, - random%20amplification%20of%20polymorphic%20DNA

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 PHR

Random amplification of polymorphic DNA analysis, assay, marker, method, technique.  2, record 3, English, - random%20amplification%20of%20polymorphic%20DNA

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Technique de génotypage basée sur la PCR [réaction en chaîne de la polymérase] dans laquelle une matrice génomique est amplifiée par une seule amorce courte (généralement 10-mer [unité monomère]) choisie aléatoirement.  1, record 3, French, - amplification%20al%C3%A9atoire%20de%20l%27ADN%20polymorphe

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 PHR

Analyse, essai, marqueur, méthode, technique d'amplification aléatoire de l'ADN polymorphe.  2, record 3, French, - amplification%20al%C3%A9atoire%20de%20l%27ADN%20polymorphe

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Técnica de genotipado, basada en la reacción en cadena de la polimerasa, en la que se amplifica un molde genómico con un único cebador corto (10 nucleótidos) elegido al azar.  1, record 3, Spanish, - ADN%20polim%C3%B3rfico%20amplificado%20al%20azar

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Los fragmentos obtenidos son el resultado de la amplificación de regiones de hasta 2 kpb [kilo pares de bases] de longitud, que se separan por electroforesis.  1, record 3, Spanish, - ADN%20polim%C3%B3rfico%20amplificado%20al%20azar

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Short tandem repeat polymorphisms, also referred to as variable number of tandem repeats(VNTRs), are very important to scientists, because they can be used to identify individuals genetically. Marker systems are used to detect loci that respond to restriction enzyme cleavage by producing a fragment that can have many different lengths. This polymorphism is due to variation in the number of tandem repeats. VNTRs can be identified in various ways. Probes can be developed which will hybridize to complementary sequences after RFLP has been performed on a sample of genomic DNA(Southern blots). A second method involves the use of PCR. If the sequence surrounding the VNTR is known, PCR primers(oligonucleotides) can be designed to amplify the repeat region(s). The information obtained from these experiments is useful in the fields of forensics, population characterization, human gene mapping, identification of genes involved in disease, relationship testing, and identifying genes of interest such as those that encode proteins containing zinc finge.  3, record 4, English, - variable%20number%20of%20tandem%20repeats

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Ces expertises sont actuellement effectuées par l'analyse de l'ADN (Acide DésoxyriboNucléique) au moyen de l'examen du polymorphisme VNTR (Variable Number of Tandem Repeats) qui est un polymorphisme de restriction (RFLP = Restriction Fragments Length Polymorphism). Un VNTR est un polymorphisme de répétition ou de longueur. Il s'agit d'une séquence répétée qui constitue un allèle, dont le nombre de répétitions varie d'un individu à l'autre, et qui se transmet selon les lois de Mendel. Chez un hétérozygote les deux allèles sont visibles; il s'agit donc de marqueurs génétiques co-dominants.  2, record 4, French, - nombre%20variable%20de%20r%C3%A9p%C3%A9titions%20en%20tandem

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Secuencias repetidas de ADN, organizadas en tándem, cuyo número de copias es muy variable según el genotipo.  3, record 4, Spanish, - repeticiones%20en%20t%C3%A1ndem%20de%20n%C3%BAmero%20variable

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Chemical substance, produced by microorganisms, inhibiting or preventing the development of neoplasms.  2, record 5, English, - cytotoxic%20antibiotic

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Gemtuzumab ozogamicin is targeted against CD33, a surface marker expressed by 90% of myeloid leukemic blasts but absent from stem cells, and is armed with calicheamicin, a potent cytotoxic antibiotic that inhibits DNA synthesis and induces apoptosis.  3, record 5, English, - cytotoxic%20antibiotic

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La mithramycine, ou plicamycine, est un antibiotique cytotoxique, utilisé parfois comme agent antitumoral.  2, record 5, French, - antibiotique%20cytotoxique

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 2 CONT

La bléomycine est un antibiotique cytotoxique utilisé dans le traitement des lymphomes, des carcinomes épimerdoïdes et des tumeurs testiculaires.  3, record 5, French, - antibiotique%20cytotoxique

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Human artificial chromosomes(HAC) have been considered as a possible vector for human gene therapy. In our previous work a minichromosome(MC), isolated from a patient, was transformed with a selectable marker gene(neo) which was targeted into its centromere; the MC was then size reduced, by X-ray exposure, to be easily manipulated and further engineered. The method developed for gene targeting, based on the use of chromosome specific centromeric satellite DNA as transfection carrier, is highly efficient and reproducible.  1, record 6, English, - human%20artificial%20chromosome

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

En effet, les chromosomes artificiels humains (HAC) décrits constituent les premières constructions chromosomiques possédant tous les attributs (télomères, origines de réplication, centromère) d'un chromosome humain viable. [...] Les généticiens manquent encore d'informations précises sur les séquences qui, au niveau du centromère et des origines de réplications, sont nécessaires au fonctionnement du chromosome.  1, record 6, French, - chromosome%20artificiel%20humain

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Construcción análoga al cromosoma artificial de levadura, que consta de un centrómero y telómeros de origen humano, que permitiría la clonación de fragmentos de ADN muy grandes y su transferencia a las células humanas para aplicar la terapia génica.  1, record 6, Spanish, - cromosoma%20artificial%20humano

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Generations derived from two transgenic barley lines were inluded in the trial. These were produced using th BioRad PDS 1000/He particle device to introduce DNA to immature embryos of the spring variety Golden Promise,(Harwood et al. submitted to Euphytica). Line HB1 contains the plasmid pAHC25(Christensen and Quail, 1996) and line HC1 contains plasmids pAL51 and pAL74(Lonsdale et al. 1995). Both pAHC25 and pAL51 contain the bar gene, encoding herbicide resistance, as a selectable marker as well as a reporter gene, gus or luc repectively, and pAL74 contains a fungal glucoamylase gene. Both T1 and T2 generations of line HB1 were represented in the trial, where T0 was the primary transformant. Only the T1 generation of HC1 was included. Lines HB1 and HC1 were selected for the field trial from a number of transgenic lines in the glasshouse. These lines were chosen on the basis of a visual selection for normal appearance and full fertility. Both lines had normal chromosome number and showed the expected sigle gene segregation in the T1 generation.  3, record 7, English, - field%20trial

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Depuis le premier essai en champ, plus de mille disséminations volontaires portant sur 39 espèces végétales ont été menées dans 28 pays du monde. Les connaissances acquises sonnent l'heure des essais à grande échelle, et la mise sur le marché des premières plantes transgéniques est imminente.  1, record 7, French, - essai%20en%20champ

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 8,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In a chromosomal map, genes or other identifiable DNA fragments are assigned to their respective chromosomes, with distances measured in base pairs. These markers can be physically associated with particular bands(identified by cytogenetic staining) primarily by in situ hybridization, a technique that involves tagging the DNA marker with an observable label(e. g.) one that fluorescesces or is radioactive). The location of the labeled probe can be detected after its binds to its complementary DNA strand in an intact chromosome.  1, record 8, English, - chromosomal%20map

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Représentation de points de repères cytologiques d'un chromosome, reliés à des loci connus par des mutations et leur position sur une carte génétique.  1, record 8, French, - carte%20chromosomique

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Définition tirée d'un vocabulaire dans INTERNET.  2, record 8, French, - carte%20chromosomique

Record 8,  Textual support,  Spanish