TERMIUM Plus®

The Government of Canada’s terminology and linguistic data bank.

DOWN EARTH [32 records]

Filter results by subject field Alphabetical list of terms

Filter results by subject field

Alphabetical list of terms

Record 1 2021-07-14

English

Subject field(s)
  • Oil Drilling
DEF

[A well that is] drilled straight down into the earth.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Forage des puits de pétrole
DEF

Puits foré tout droit dans la terre.

Spanish

Save record 1

Record 2 2016-05-20

English

Subject field(s)
  • Atmospheric, Climatic and Meteorological Phenomena
  • Air Pollution
CONT

Mixing with the water vapors in the clouds they travel in, [sulfuric acid and nitric acid] eventually tumble down to earth as acid rain and acid snow.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Phénomènes météorologiques, climatiques et atmosphériques
  • Pollution de l'air
DEF

Neige dont le pH est inférieur à 5,6.

Spanish

Campo(s) temático(s)
  • Fenómenos meteorológicos, climáticos y atmosféricos
  • Contaminación del aire
Save record 2

Record 3 2015-09-14

English

Subject field(s)
  • Tectonics
DEF

The bending up or down of rocks in the Earth's crust that is caused by pressure, either from within the Earth(for example by mountain building) or from on top of it(for example by crustal subsidence or crustal rebound).

CONT

Also known as crustal deformation, crustal displacement is induced by the movement of the Earth’s tectonic plates. This activity can produce a variety of landforms at the surface of the Earth, depending on the duration of the process involved in their formation.

OBS

Most crustal deformation occurs along plate margins.

OBS

crustal deformation: term used at Natural Resources Canada - Earth Sciences Sector.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Tectonique
DEF

Déformation [...] par rapport au géoïde, du fait des mouvements de convection dans le manteau en dessous, et des contraintes qui s'exercent aux limites entre les plaques.

OBS

déformation de la croûte terrestre; déformation de la croûte : termes en usage à Ressources naturelles Canada - Secteur des sciences de la Terre.

Spanish

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Record 4 2013-08-23

English

Subject field(s)
  • Crude Oil and Petroleum Products
DEF

The oil or gas obtained from the rocks of the earth, usually by drilling down into a reservoir rock and piping them to the surface.

OBS

naphtha: An archaic term for liquid petroleum.

OBS

petroleum: This term refers most of the time to "crude petroleum".

OBS

Genesee oil: An early name for petroleum.

OBS

petroleum; pet: term and abbreviation to be used by the Department of National Defence and the Canadian Forces.

OBS

petroleum: term standardized by ISO.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Pétroles bruts et dérivés
DEF

Huile minérale naturelle, de couleur très foncée, dotée d'une odeur caractéristique plus ou moins prononcée, d'une densité variant de 0,8 à 0,95, composée en presque totalité d'hydrocarbures paraffiniques, naphténiques et aromatiques, et souvent d'un peu de soufre à l'état de combinaisons organiques et de traces de composés oxygénés et azotés.

CONT

Le degré de raffinage que devra subir un pétrole brut pour répondre aux caractéristiques du marché ne peut se définir [sans] une analyse des fractions obtenues, à la manière des alchimistes d'autrefois qui chauffaient l'huile de roche dans un alambic pour en vaporiser progressivement les parties légères.

OBS

[...] dans les opérations d'exploration et de production, [on dit aussi] huile.

OBS

naphte : Autrefois, pétrole brut ou raffiné.

OBS

pétrole; pét : terme et abréviation d'usage obligatoire au ministère de la Défense nationale du Canada et les Forces canadiennes.

OBS

pétrole : terme normalisé par l'ISO.

Spanish

Campo(s) temático(s)
  • Petróleo bruto y derivados
DEF

Mezcla de un complejo de hidrocarburos parafínicos, cicloparafínicos y aromáticos con bajas cantidades de azufre y cantidades traza de nitrógeno y compuestos de oxígeno.

OBS

Substancia que se encuentra en bolsas en el interior de la parte superior de la corteza terrestre; es un líquido oleoso de color obscuro, que arde con facilidad, del que, por destilación fraccionada, se obtienen muchos productos volátiles.

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Record 5 2012-07-13

English

Subject field(s)
  • Climatology
  • Air Pollution
CONT

It is important to note that convective cells can cause air currents both upward and downward. Upward convective currents carry pollutants many kilometers high into the atmosphere. At these high altitudes advective currents and prevailing winds can transport these pollutants vast distances very quickly. As air spreads from the rising column, it is cooled and falls back down to the earth. This results in a circular rotation of the air.

CONT

Drainage of the lake-beds, related to a seasonal phenomenon of dust storms between February and May, has also affected air quality. The midday air temperatures during the dry season generate strong advective currents that elevate salt and clay particles from the former lake bottom. These particles are blown into the city by the prevailing easterly winds.

OBS

advective: of, or caused by, advection.

OBS

advection: the transfer of heat by the horizontal movement of the air.

OBS

advection: The horizontal movement of air around the world is known as advection. Advection is the primary mechanism responsible for long range transport of pollutants. Although transport of pollutants via advection is minuscule at the earth’s surface, at heights above 1000 m, where friction become negligible, wind velocities of 400 km/hr can carry pollutants at extremely fast rates.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Climatologie
  • Pollution de l'air
OBS

Les masses d'air polluées et riches en ozone sont d'abord transportées vers la région de l'Atlantique par la cellule de haute pression qui se dirige vers l'est. La cellule se déplace le long de la côte est de l'Amérique du Nord, créant une poussée d'air du sud ou du sud-ouest qui dirige les polluants par advection dans la région de l'Atlantique.

OBS

advection : Transfert des propriétés d'une masse d'air par déplacement, notamment dans le plan horizontal.

Spanish

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Record 6 2012-07-05

English

Subject field(s)
  • Earthmoving
DEF

Any operation involving the excavation or construction of earth embankments.

CONT

Earthmoving. This includes excavation and the placement of earth fill. Excavation follows preparation of the site, and is performed when the existing grade must be brought down to a new elevation.

CONT

General excavation consists of the primary operations of earth excavation, rock excavation, backfill, and embankment construction; it also includes the transportation of earth materials, the stabilization of earth banks, and the control of ground water.

OBS

General excavation is the term quite generally applied to the moving of portions of the earth’s crust for construction purposes. Other terms, such as earthmoving, may or may not mean the same thing. Confusion arises from the dual use of the word "earth" to refer, on the one hand, to the sphere on which we live, and on the other hand to that portion of the earth’s crust often termed "dirt," but now more frequently termed "soil."

OBS

Do not translate in French by "terrassements généraux" which is more specific.

OBS

earthwork: term standardized by ISO.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Terrassement
DEF

Ensemble des opérations de génie civil et de travaux publics ayant pour effet de modifier le relief du sol, que ce dernier soit constitué par des terres proprement dites ou par des rochers.

CONT

On nomme terrassements les travaux qui se rapportent à la modification du relief d'un terrain. Cette modification des niveaux du sol est réalisée par l'exécution de déblais et de remblais.

CONT

Selon leur volume, [...] les terrassements peuvent se classer en deux groupes : les terrassements pour ouvrages d'art et pour bâtiments [où] les masses de terre à déplacer sont relativement peu importantes [et] les terrassements généraux de grande masse : routes, aérodromes, barrages et digues en terre.

OBS

terrassement : terme normalisé par l'ISO.

Spanish

Campo(s) temático(s)
  • Remoción de tierras
DEF

Movimiento de los materiales de la superficie de un terreno para alterar su forma para fines de constitución en el sitio.

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Record 7 2012-03-01

English

Subject field(s)
  • Climate Change
DEF

The process by which a body absorbs electromagnetic radiation, converts it to thermal kinetic energy and then radiates some of the absorbed energy as longwave electromagnetic radiation.

CONT

The energy radiated by the earth must penetrate the atmosphere; in doing so a great deal of it is absorbed. This absorbed energy must eventually be reradiated; but the reradiation takes place isotropically. In other words, roughly half of it is directed back down to earth!.

OBS

Not to be confused with "back radiation".

French

Domaine(s)
  • Changements climatiques
DEF

Rayonnement produit par l'absorbeur.

OBS

Le terme «rerayonnement» ne figure pas dans les dictionnaires généraux. Le terme «réémission» désigne plus souvent l'action de réémettre que le rayonnement produit. Ne pas confondre avec la notion de contre-rayonnement.

Spanish

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Record 8 2011-08-19

English

Subject field(s)
  • Meteorological Forecasting, Data Measurement and Analysis
  • Electromagnetic Radiation
DEF

Amount of incoming solar radiation incident on a unit horizontal surface at a specific level.

CONT

Insolation [is] the amount of solar energy striking a surface, measured in watts per square meter.

CONT

... solar insolation [is] the amount of electromagnetic energy(solar radiation) incident on the surface of the earth. Basically that means how much sunlight is shining down on us.... The value [is] generally expressed in kWh/m²/day. This is the amount of solar energy that strikes a square metre of the earth's surface in a single day. Of course this value is averaged to account for differences in the days’ length. There are several units that are used throughout the world. The conversions based on surface area as follows : 1 kWh/m²/day=317. 1 btu/ft²/day=3. 6MJ/m²/day. The raw energy conversions are : 1kWh=3412 Btu=3. 6MJ=859. 8kcal.

OBS

Scientists use the word "insolation" not "sunshine" to refer to the amount of incoming solar radiation that reaches the earth’s surface.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Prévisions météorologiques et mesure et analyse des données
  • Rayonnements électromagnétiques
DEF

Quantité de rayonnement solaire incident par unité de surface horizontale à un niveau donné.

CONT

Gisement solaire. Les rayons solaires sont filtrés par notre atmosphère. Ainsi, les régions plus humides sont moins ensoleillées que les régions sèches. L'ensoleillement dépend aussi des saisons, car certaines régions sont humides en été, et sèches en hiver. Pratiquement, la puissance disponible au sol dépasse rarement 1000W/m² alors que la puissance qui arrive à la limite de notre atmosphère est de l'ordre de 1400W/m². Une partie de cette énergie est diffusée et c'est ce qui fait que le temps soit clair même si des nuages cachent le soleil.

OBS

Le terme «gisement solaire» est utilisé figurativement.

OBS

Quantité [...] exprimée en watts.

Spanish

Campo(s) temático(s)
  • Previsiones meteorológicas, medición y análisis de datos
  • Radiación electromagnética
DEF

Cantidad de radiación solar directa, que incide por unidad de área horizontal.

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Record 9 2011-05-17

English

Subject field(s)
  • Worms and Related Organisms
  • Soil Science
  • Soil Improvement and Fertilizer Management
DEF

A concentric mass of earth or mud excreted by earthworms.

DEF

Excrement of earthworms which is an important factor in the modification of soils.

CONT

Earthworms swallow earth and digest out of it organic substances which have been broken down by other animals and bacteria, excreting the inorganic parts as feces.... the piles of feces from earth worms in [each square meter] of meadow were weighed over a period of a year. It was found that the amount of earth brought up varied from 4. 4 to 8 kg.

Key term(s)
  • casting

French

Domaine(s)
  • Vers et organismes apparentés
  • Science du sol
  • Fumure et amélioration du sol
DEF

Masse concentrique de terre et autres débris excrétée par les vers de terre.

CONT

[...] les vers ingèrent toujours un peu de terre et isolent temporairement une fraction du sol dans leur tube digestif. Après la digestion, ils rejettent un mélange de terre et de débris végétaux soit dans le sol, soit le long de leurs galeries ou bien en dépôts concentriques - des turricules - à la surface.

Key term(s)
  • tortillon
  • tortillon de ver de terre
  • tortillon de lombric

Spanish

Campo(s) temático(s)
  • Gusanos y organismos semejantes
  • Ciencia del suelo
  • Abono y mejoramiento del suelo
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Record 10 2010-12-17

English

Subject field(s)
  • Geomorphology and Geomorphogeny
  • Tectonics
DEF

A structure in which the beds dip toward a central point.

CONT

The force within the earth bends [the crust] down between the mountain ridges, giving rise to depressions. These are called structural basins or valleys.

OBS

structural basin: term used at Natural Resources Canada - Earth Sciences Sector.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Géomorphologie et géomorphogénie
  • Tectonique
DEF

Structure elliptique à circulaire dans laquelle les couches sont inclinées vers un point central.

OBS

Désigne dans certains cas une vallée.

OBS

bassin structural : terme en usage à Ressources naturelles Canada - Secteur des sciences de la Terre.

Spanish

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Record 11 2010-02-17

English

Subject field(s)
  • Spacecraft
CONT

The SAGE II, launched aboard the Earth Radiation Satellite on October 5, 1984, provides highly accurate global measurements down to the middle troposphere with a vertical measurement resolution of 1 km.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Engins spatiaux

Spanish

Save record 11

Record 12 2007-06-22

English

Subject field(s)
  • Atmospheric, Climatic and Meteorological Phenomena
  • Glaciology
DEF

Mass of snow and ice falling suddenly down a mountain-side and often taking with it earth, rocks, and rubble of every description.

CONT

The avalanche will carry you into the trees. A large slide released yesterday. [Examples approved by the Avalanche Bulletin Terminology Standardization Committee.]

PHR

Avalanche activity, cycle, model, motion, path, speed.

PHR

Avalanche accelerates, occurs, runs, slows, stops.

PHR

Powder, slab avalanche.

PHR

Dry-snow, large, loose, loose-snow, size-2, small, wet, wet-snow, avalanche.

PHR

Initiate, provoke, release, start, trigger an avalanche.

OBS

Avalanches may be characterized as loose and turbulent, or slab; either type may be dry or wet according to the nature of the snow forming it, although dry snow usually forms loose avalanches and wet snow forms slabs. A large avalanche sweeps a current of air along with and in front of it as an avalanche wind, which supplements its already tremendous destructive force.

OBS

In practice "avalanche" usually refers to the snow avalanche. In the U.S. the term snowslide is commonly used to mean a snow avalanche.

OBS

avalanche; snow avalanche; snowslide; slide: terms officially approved by the Avalanche Bulletin Terminology Standardization Committee.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Phénomènes météorologiques, climatiques et atmosphériques
  • Glaciologie
DEF

Masse de neige et de glace se détachant brusquement le long des flancs d'une montagne et entraînant fréquemment de la terre, des roches et des débris de toute nature.

CONT

L'avalanche vous entraînera dans les arbres. Une grosse avalanche s'est produite hier. [Exemples entérinés par le Comité d'uniformisation de la terminologie des bulletins d'avalanche.]

PHR

Avalanche à départ ponctuel. Avalanche de moyenne importance, de neige sèche, de neige humide, de neige mouillée, de plaque, de poudreuse, de vallée.

PHR

Avalanche accidentelle, artificielle, catastrophique, coulante, dangereuse, exceptionnelle, mixte, mortelle, spontanée.

PHR

Avalanche descend, emporte, rase, ravage, se déclenche, se produit, survient.

PHR

Accident, bulletin, chien, danger, débris, déclenchement, départ, descente, nombre, pelle, prévision, risque, souffle, type, victime d'avalanche. Cartographie, étude, géographie, prévention, service des avalanches. Ampleur, intensité, phase, taille d'une avalanche. Lutte contre les avalanches. Limite de l'avalanche.

PHR

Grande, grosse, moyenne, petite avalanche.

PHR

Déclencher, provoquer, redouter, signaler une avalanche.

OBS

avalanche : terme uniformisé par le Comité d'uniformisation de la terminologie des bulletins d'avalanche.

Spanish

Campo(s) temático(s)
  • Fenómenos meteorológicos, climáticos y atmosféricos
  • Glaciología
DEF

Masa de nieve y hielo que se desprende de repente de una ladera y que con frecuencia acarrea tierra, rocas y desechos de todo tipo.

CONT

Corrimiento catastrófico de rocas, hielo o nieve.

Save record 12

Record 13 2006-11-14

English

Subject field(s)
  • Skydiving, Paragliding and Hang Gliding
CONT

A paraglider came down to earth with a bump yesterday after taking off from Salisburg Crags-and landing in hot water.... "I wasn’t too worried when he fell off the cliff because I know what a good paraglider he is. "

CONT

If you want to offend a paragliding pilot, refer to their sport as "parasailing."

French

Domaine(s)
  • Parachutisme, parapente et deltaplane
CONT

Malgré son apparente simplicité, la pratique du parapente nécessite l'acquisition de connaissances variés, principalement dans trois domaines : Les techniques de pilotage. [...] La connaissance de l'air. L'air dans lequel évolue le parapentiste est un milieu très complexe et sans cesse changeant. Il renferme de nombreux pièges que le parapentiste doit apprendre à éviter. Il faut plusieurs années pour bien intégrer les données de base et la vie entière pour chercher à comprendre toujours mieux les phénomènes aérologiques et météorologiques. La connaissance de soi-même. Le parapentiste est seul maître à bord : il est responsable de ses choix et de ses décisions.

Spanish

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Record 14 2006-01-18

English

Subject field(s)
  • Launching and Space Maneuvering
DEF

A space mission which goes less than one orbit[;] in other words, it does not circle the Earth, but goes up and comes back down.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Lancement et manœuvres dans l'espace
DEF

Se dit de la trajectoire d'un engin aérospatial qui est soumis à l'attraction d'un corps principal et qui rencontre en phase balistique la surface de ce dernier, ce qui l'empêche de décrire une orbite complète.

OBS

Par extension, cet adjectif s'applique aussi à des termes associés à ce type de trajectoire.

PHR

Expérience, vol suborbital.

Spanish

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Record 15 2005-07-05

English

Subject field(s)
  • Cultural Practices (Agriculture)
  • Hydrology and Hydrography
CONT

Earth bunds are used mainly for water harvesting in rice production in the drier parts such as the lake zone in Tanzania. Earth bunds about 0. 5m high are constructed around rice fields in order to collect runoff water from the higher slopes. In some other parts like Ethiopia, earth bunds are used for slowing down runoff in maize and sorghum fields where they are usually constructed along the contour after planting the crop.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Soin des cultures (Agriculture)
  • Hydrologie et hydrographie

Spanish

Campo(s) temático(s)
  • Cuidado de los cultivos (Agricultura)
  • Hidrología e hidrografía
Save record 15

Record 16 2005-06-27

English

Subject field(s)
  • Electrical Wiring (Building Elements)
  • Installation of Electrical Equipment
CONT

Lightning grounds are designed to safely dissipate lightning strokes into the earth. They are part of a lightning protection system which usually consists of air terminals(lightning rods), down conductors, arresters and other connectors of fittings required for a complete system. A lightning protection system's sole purpose is to protect a building, its occupants and contents from the thermal, mechanical and electrical effects of lightning.

CONT

Lightning is the visible discharge of static electricity within a cloud, between clouds, or between tile earth and a cloud. ... A lightning protection system provides a means by which this discharge may enter or leave earth without passing through and damaging non-conducting parts of a structure, such as those made of wood, brick, tile of concrete. A lightning protection system does not prevent lightning from striking; it provides a means for controlling it and preventing damage by providing a low resistance path for the discharge of lightning energy.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Installations électriques (Éléments du bâtiment)
  • Installation des équipements électriques

Spanish

Save record 16

Record 17 2005-03-15

English

Subject field(s)
  • Architectural Elements
  • Archaeology
  • Construction Engineering (Military)
DEF

A step running inside the parapet for the troops to stand on, while firing over the parapet.

CONT

Based on the maps and archaeological evidence, it appears that the narrow, southern trench was the actual palisade wall as shown on Labastida, and the northern trench was a narrow excavation probably made to supply the earth for a banquette, or firing step, against the northern face of the palisade, and to be a space where the defenders could step down to get their heads below the firing slots left in the palisade wall...

French

Domaine(s)
  • Éléments d'architecture
  • Archéologie
  • Génie construction (Militaire)
DEF

Gradin aménagé derrière un parapet pour permettre de prendre une position de tir.

Spanish

Save record 17

Record 18 2005-02-03

English

Subject field(s)
  • Space Exploration Equipment and Tools
CONT

The American Space Agency Nasa... is putting several million dollars into the project under its advanced concepts programme. At the heart of a space elevator would be a cable reaching up as far as 100, 000km from the surface of the Earth. The earthbound end would be tethered to a base station, probably somewhere in the middle of the Pacific ocean. The other end would be attached to an orbiting object in space acting as a counterweight, the momentum of which would keep the cable taut and allow vehicles to climb up and down it. A space elevator would make rockets redundant by granting cheaper access to space. At about a third of the way along the cable-36, 000 km from Earth-objects take a day to complete a full orbit. If the cable's centre of gravity remained at this height, the cable would remain vertical, as satellites placed at this height are geostationary, effectively hovering over the same spot on the ground. To build a space elevator such a geostationary satellite would be placed into orbit carrying the coiled-up cable. One weighted end of the cable would then be dropped back towards Earth, while the other would be unreeled off into space. Mechanical lifters could then climb up the cable from the ground, ferrying up satellites, space probes and eventually tourists. The biggest technical obstacle is finding a material strong but light enough to make the cable; this is where the carbon nanotubes come in. These are microscopically thin tubes of carbon that are as strong as diamonds but flexible enough to turn into fibre. In theory, a nanotube ribbon about one metre wide and as thin as paper could support a space elevator.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Équipement et outillage d'exploration spatiale
CONT

La NIAC (Institut des Concepts Avancées de la NASA) a publié une étude fin 2002 sur tous les aspects d'un système d'ascenseur spatial, de la construction aux opérations. Premièrement, l'ascenseur serait constitué d'un câble d'une longueur de 91 000 km et d'un diamètre variant de 1 micron à 11.5 cm. Ce filin serait mis en orbite à l'aide d'une navette spatiale aidée de quelques propulseurs supplémentaires, qui, une fois en orbite géostationnaire, serviraient de contrepoids. Les forces centripètes repousseraient alors la partie haute du filin vers l'espace tandis que la partie basse serait attirée par la Terre, mettant le tout en tension. Ce premier lien serait capable d'envoyer plus d'une tonne en orbite. Il suffira ensuite d'utiliser ce premier câble pour en mettre en orbite de nouveaux. Ces filins seront constitués de nanotubes de carbone. Le plus gros défi technologique serait de construire 91 000 km de nanotubes car aujourd'hui la technologie ne permet d'en construire que quelques centimètres. Le ratio actuel nanotube/résine epoxy est de 60/40. Il faudra réussir à descendre à 98/2. Les principaux risques liés au transport par ascenseur seront dus aux météorites, aux ouragans ou aux attaques terroristes. Le filin pourra être réparé in-situ. Ce système ne nécessiterait pas de maîtriser la fusion nucléaire. De simples batteries et panneaux solaires suffiront à alimenter l'ascenseur. La plupart des technologies nécessaires existent déjà ou existeront dans le court terme. Les prévisions actuelles prévoient un budget de 7 à 10 milliards sur 15 ans.

Spanish

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Record 19 2004-09-24

English

Subject field(s)
  • Weather Stations and Meteorological Instruments and Equipment
  • Launching and Space Maneuvering
CONT

Circuit of electric field measurements of thunderclouds. ... The electric field mill is a device based on electrostatic induction. It consists of one or two electrodes which either rotate in an electrostatic field or become periodically exposed to a field by rotating vanes. Fig.46 illustrates a cylindrical field mill which consists of two cylinder halves that are electrically insulated from each other. An electric motor rotates the two halves in the electric field to be measured so that they become alternately exposed to both the positive and negative direction of the field. The result is that an alternating (ac) signal is generated across the two halves which can be easily amplified. ... Although not commonly used, the cylindrical field mill has the advantage that when mounted in a fixed position it can also indicate the direction of the field. This is accomplished by measuring the phase shift of the ac signal relative to the orientation of electric fields need to be measured.

CONT

The device normally used to measure atmospheric electric fields is a type of sensor called an electric field mill. It can be used on the ground to gain information about the field aloft, or it can be flown on an airplane or balloon. Thirty-one ground-based field mills at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station and the Kennedy Space Center are used to measure the electric field just above the surface of Earth, in the lowest meter of the atmosphere, and determine if it meets the safety levels specified in the Lightning Launch Commit Criteria. The small, cylindrical field mill is mounted upside down.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Stations, instruments et équipements météorologiques
  • Lancement et manœuvres dans l'espace

Spanish

Save record 19

Record 20 2004-09-21

English

Subject field(s)
  • Atmospheric, Climatic and Meteorological Phenomena
  • Hydrology and Hydrography
  • Geochemistry
DEF

Water derived from rain, water courses, other bodies of water.

CONT

Whilst the ... arguments for a direct magmatic origin are very compelling, the evidence of the concomitant evolution of ore and rock types has not been ignored by those workers who prefer an origin by deposition from circulating meteoric water.

OBS

This water passes down into the earth and part of it becomes stored in the pores and cracks in the rocks and part of it circulates.

OBS

meteoric water: ... as opposed to connate and magmatic water. Most ground water is meteoric in origin.

OBS

Meteoric H2O

French

Domaine(s)
  • Phénomènes météorologiques, climatiques et atmosphériques
  • Hydrologie et hydrographie
  • Géochimie
DEF

Eau des précipitations atmosphériques : pluie, brouillard, rosée, neige.

CONT

[...] de quelle nature est la phase fluide qui a «lessivé» les métaux hors de leur source, puis a assuré leur transport sous forme d'ions simples ou complexes? Dans le cas de dépôts continentaux, il s'agit [...] des eaux météoriques [...]

OBS

météorique : Se dit de tous les phénomènes prenant leur source dans l'atmosphère (eau météorique, érosion météorique, altération météorique [...])

OBS

H2O météorique

Spanish

Campo(s) temático(s)
  • Fenómenos meteorológicos, climáticos y atmosféricos
  • Hidrología e hidrografía
  • Geoquímica
DEF

Agua, en la superficie terrestre, procedente de lluvias, granizadas o nevadas.

Key term(s)
  • aguas meteóricas
Save record 20

Record 21 2004-03-26

English

Subject field(s)
  • Aerospace Medicine
OBS

Several different terminologies have been used to describe physiological acceleration. Since the terminology may be based either on the action of the accelerating vehicle or the reaction of the passenger, the terms used are often confusing to a reader without prior knowledge of the system of terminology used. Probably the most easily understood system is the eyeballs in, eyeballs out, eyeballs down, eyeballs up, etc., terminology used by test pilots, which refers to the sensations experienced by the person being accelerated. Thus, the acceleration experienced in an aircraft pullout or inside loop is eyeballs down. Note that, in the NASA vehicle(center of gravity displacement) terminology, this is-az acceleration. Some physiological-acceleration terminologies designate accelerations in terms of the equivalent displacement acceleration of the subject as if he were starting from rest. In such terminologies a man standing up or sitting down on the surface of the earth is experiencing 1 g of headward acceleration because of gravity. Other descriptive terms used in this way are footward, forward(the acceleration experienced by a man pressed into the seat back by an accelerating vehicle), rearward, leftward, rightward, spineward, sternumward, and tailward. One terminology based on reaction uses the terms head-to-foot(the acceleration generated by a pullout in an aircraft), chest-to-back, foot-to-head, and back-to-chest.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Médecine aérospatiale

Spanish

Save record 21

Record 22 2004-03-18

English

Subject field(s)
  • Orbital Stations
CONT

Shake, Rattle & Roll Poster.... Roll :... The long axis of the International Space Station rotates one complete revolution(end-over-end) during each full orbit around the Earth. Student Activity : Place a globe of the Earth on a table near the centre of the room. Walk around the room so that you are always facing the globe. How must you turn in order that you always face the globe? How much must the International Space Station turn during each orbit around the Earth so that it always has the same face "looking" down at the Earth? Student Challenge : Looking down on the Earth's North Pole, the International Space Station orbits the Earth in a counter-clockwise direction(this is the same direction as the Earth turns on its axis). Sketch the Earth(looking down on the North Pole) and add the orbit of the International Space Station. Show the ISS at three or four points during the orbit. Assuming the Sun is to the left of your diagram, what happens to the solar panels as the ISS travels around the Earth? If the ISS "tumbles" as it orbits the Earth, can you figure out how to keep the solar panels always facing the Sun?

French

Domaine(s)
  • Stations orbitales
OBS

Mouvement de rotation vers le bas effectué par une station spatiale tel qu'il apparaît lorsqu'on prend le pôle Nord comme point d'observation.

CONT

Affiche «Rock'n'roll spatial». [...] Culbutes : [...] Le grand axe de la Station spatiale internationale effectue une révolution complète (de bout en bout) à chaque orbite que la station effectue autour de la Terre. Activité de l'élève : Placez un globe terrestre sur une table au centre d'une pièce. Faites le tour de la pièce de manière à ce que le globe soit toujours directement dans votre champ de vision. Comment devez-vous tourner pour que le globe soit toujours devant vous? Comment la Station spatiale internationale doit-elle tourner pendant chaque orbite autour de la Terre pour que ce soit toujours le même côté qui soit «orienté» vers la Terre? Défi : En prenant le pôle Nord comme point d'observation, nous constatons que la Station spatiale internationale orbite autour de la Terre dans le sens anti-horaire (dans le même sens que la Terre tourne autour de son axe). Faites un croquis de la Terre (en prenant le pôle Nord comme point d'observation) et reproduisez l'orbite empruntée par la Station spatiale internationale. En supposant que le Soleil est à gauche du croquis, qu'arrive-t-il aux panneaux solaires pendant que l'ISS tourne autour de la Terre? Si L'ISS «culbute» pendant qu'elle orbite autour de la Terre, pouvez-vous trouver un moyen qui permettrait de faire en sorte que les panneaux solaires soient toujours face au Soleil?

Spanish

Save record 22

Record 23 2003-10-08

English

Subject field(s)
  • Orbital Stations
  • Research Experiments in Space
CONT

The International Space Station's Centrifuge Accommodation Module will take life on a spin in space to achieve experimental results that can be brought down to life on Earth. Unique among ISS [International Space Station] modules, this one will permit long-term study of the effects of varying gravity levels on the structure and function of generations of living organisms and test methods for countering the negative results of those variations. The Module will house the Centrifuge Facility, a more than 8-ft. diameter centrifuge drum or rotor, and a Gravitational Biology Facility, with racks for holding plants, animals and habitats.

CONT

The CAM holds 4 ISPRs [International Standard Payload Racks] also allocated to the U.S., yielding a Station-wide number of 27 ISPRs for U.S. research, 5 for the Europeans and 5 for Japan.

OBS

centrifuge accommodation module; CAM: term and abbreviation officially approved by the International Space Station official approval Group (ISSOAG).

French

Domaine(s)
  • Stations orbitales
  • Travaux de recherche dans l'espace
CONT

[...] un module de centrifugeuse et un véhicule américain de rentrée X-38 seront ajoutés à la station.

CONT

Le «Centrifuge Accommodation Module (CAM)» se présente sous le même gabarit que le laboratoire scientifique, dont il partage la même interface et les mêmes ressources. Le CAM est construit par l'Agence spatiale japonaise (NASDA) sous contrat avec la NASA. Sa fonction, comme son nom l'indique, est d'étudier l'effet de différents niveaux de gravité (de 0,01 g à 2 g) sur la structure et la [physiologie] de plantes ou d'animaux obtenus en microgravité.

OBS

module de centrifugeuse; CAM : terme et abréviation uniformisés par le Groupe de travail de la terminologie de la Station spatiale internationale (GTTSSI).

Spanish

Save record 23

Record 24 2003-08-01

English

Subject field(s)
  • Aerospace Medicine
DEF

Acceleration of the body in the direction from back to the chest.

OBS

Several different terminologies have been used to describe physiological acceleration. Since the terminology may be based either on the action of the accelerating vehicle or the reaction of the passenger, the terms used are often confusing to a reader without prior knowledge of the system of terminology used. Probably the most easily understood system is the eyeballs in, eyeballs out, eyeballs down, eyeballs up, etc., terminology used by test pilots, which refers to the sensations experienced by the person being accelerated. Thus, the acceleration experienced in an aircraft pullout or inside loop is eyeballs down. Note that, in the NASA vehicle(center of gravity displacement) terminology, this is-az acceleration. Some physiological-acceleration terminologies designate accelerations in terms of the equivalent displacement acceleration of the subject as if he were starting from rest. In such terminologies a man standing up or sitting down on the surface of the earth is experiencing 1 g of headward acceleration because of gravity. Other descriptive terms used in this way are footward, forward(the acceleration experienced by a man pressed into the seat back by an accelerating vehicle), rearward, leftward, rightward, spineward, sternumward, and tailward. One terminology based on reaction uses the terms head-to-foot(the acceleration generated by a pullout in an aircraft), chest-to-back, foot-to-head, and back-to-chest.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Médecine aérospatiale

Spanish

Save record 24

Record 25 2003-07-16

English

Subject field(s)
  • Meteorology
  • The Earth (Astronomy)
  • Electromagnetic Radiation
DEF

Atmospheric radiation directed downwards.

CONT

Atmospheric Counter-radiation(L(down</sub>] [is a] longwave radiation emitted by the atmosphere directed toward the surface [of the Earth].

OBS

L[subscript(down])

French

Domaine(s)
  • Météorologie
  • Terre (Astronomie)
  • Rayonnements électromagnétiques
DEF

Rayonnement terrestre dirigé vers le bas, principalement par l'atmosphère.

Spanish

Campo(s) temático(s)
  • Meteorología
  • Tierra (Astronomía)
  • Radiación electromagnética
DEF

Radiación atmosférica dirigida hacia el suelo.

Save record 25

Record 26 2002-10-30

English

Subject field(s)
  • Satellite Telecommunications
CONT

TDRS-E retransmitted this signal down to SNCT at ESTEC using an S-band link, normally used for inter-orbit transfers between data relay satellites and low Earth orbiting satellites.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Télécommunications par satellite
CONT

[Station spatiale.] Installation d'un second système de liaison en bande S.

Spanish

Save record 26

Record 27 2002-06-10

English

Subject field(s)
  • General Scientific and Technical Vocabulary
CONT

In order to study the ozone layer, it is important to get instruments into this level of atmosphere. One method of doing this is to place the instruments in a rocket that lifts the instruments to the top of the ozone layer(48, 000 m) and lets them parachute back down to earth.... There are two important stages to consider in the rocket's ascent. The rocket will speed up while its engine is firing, and then slow down after the engine has shut off.

CONT

The future scientists and engineers will seek to measure radiation levels, audio frequencies, and light waves during the rocket ascent and descent.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Vocabulaire technique et scientifique général
CONT

S. Petat a étudié plusieurs intégrateurs numériques d'équations algébrico-différentielles, et a plus spécialement travaillé sur l'intégration numérique de l'arc singulier dans le problème de Goddard (ascension optimale d'une fusée).

CONT

Ascension de la fusée Saturn V et séparation des étages [...]

OBS

ascension : Action de s'élever dans les airs. L'ascension d'un aérostat, d'un ballon, d'un avion.

Spanish

Save record 27

Record 28 2001-11-26

English

Subject field(s)
  • Titles of Federal Government Programs (Canadian)
  • Environment
  • Anti-pollution Measures
OBS

Down to Earth Choices describes hundreds of things that you can do to protect and improve your local environment. Every action leaves an imprint on our Earth. Help make your neighbourhood one of Canada's healthy communities.

Key term(s)
  • Down to Earth Choice for a Healthy Neighbourhood

French

Domaine(s)
  • Titres de programmes fédéraux (Gouvernement canadien)
  • Environnement
  • Mesures antipollution
OBS

Des choix terre à terre décrit les centaines de choses que vous pouvez faire pour protéger et améliorer l'environnement local. Chaque action a des répercussions pour la Terre entière. Aidez à faire de votre quartier une des communautés les plus saines au Canada.

Key term(s)
  • Choix terre à terre pour des voisinages en santé
  • Choix terre-à-terre pour un voisinage en santé
  • Choix terre à terre pour un voisinage en santé

Spanish

Save record 28

Record 29 2001-08-23

English

Subject field(s)
  • Aircraft Piloting and Navigation
  • Launching and Space Maneuvering
  • Ship Piloting
  • Navigation Instruments
CONT

Where positioning accuracy is concerned, it may seem surprising that the accuracy provided by the gyros has more impact than that of the accelerometers... This is due to the fact that navigation in fact occurs on a sphere, the Earth. It will therefore be readily understood that traveling along a straight line on the Earth comes down in fact to a rotation, and that rotation is detected by the gyros. In practice, gyros are subject to a zero-error known as gyro bias : When there is no rotation, a gyro should indicate zero, but in fact measures something that is the bias value. When an inertial navigation system is immobile, the gyros measure bias values that are integrated by the calculator and the unit thinks that it is rotating, and therefore advancing across the surface of the terrestrial globe, which generates a position error. It will be understood that position error shows linear growth over time and there is a direct relationship between the accuracy of a gyro and position drift.

Key term(s)
  • zero error

French

Domaine(s)
  • Pilotage et navigation aérienne
  • Lancement et manœuvres dans l'espace
  • Pilotage des navires
  • Instruments de navigation
CONT

Les erreurs de mesure des gyromètres laser peuvent être représentées par des modèles mathématiques beaucoup plus simples que ceux intervenant dans l'étude des gyromètres classiques. Cela résulte essentiellement de l'insensibilité des gyromètres laser aux accélérations. La description de l'erreur d'un gyromètre laser fait intervenir : a) une erreur de zéro, due à des différences de propriétés physiques pour les ondes circulant en sens inverse dans le mélange gazeux ionisé; [...] b) une erreur imputable au blocage [...] c) une erreur de facteur d'échelle [...]

CONT

Performances et précisions des mesures (gyroscopes et gyromètres) [...] erreurs de zéro : nécessite un recalage par GPS toutes les 30 h .

Spanish

Save record 29

Record 30 2001-06-21

English

Subject field(s)
  • General Mechanics (Physics)
  • Aircraft Piloting and Navigation
  • Navigation Instruments
  • Flight Instruments and Equipment (Aeroindustry)
CONT

Gyrocompass... as the Earth rotates, the north end of the gyro rotor tilts upward. The ensuing dip angle results in a pendulum torque, down at the south end and up at the north end of the rotor axis. This torque causes the north end of the gyro axis to precess westward. As soon as the gyro axis passes through the north-south meridian, the action reverses.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Mécanique générale (Physique)
  • Pilotage et navigation aérienne
  • Instruments de navigation
  • Instruments et équipement de bord (Constructions aéronautiques)
CONT

Moteur électrique à vitesse variable [...]: Du fait que le convertisseur (Redresseur/onduleur) ne délivre pas une sinusoïde parfaite au moteur, de multiples couples d'excitation alternés (couples pendulaires ou vibrations torsionnelles) sont présents à l'entrefer du moteur: ces couples sont retransmis dans la ligne d'arbre avec plus ou moins d'amortissement selon le cas.

Spanish

Save record 30

Record 31 1999-11-05

English

Subject field(s)
  • Walls and Partitions
CONT

Cob walls are built from a mixture of earth, straw, and water. The method of building differs from that of pisé de terre. The material is thrown down on a stone or brick base course, without using formwork, and is then trodden and compacted by the workmen, not rammed.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Murs et cloisons
CONT

torchis: Mortier composé de terre grasse et de paille ou de foin coupé: Murs en torchis.

OBS

bousillage: Mortier fait d'un mélange de paille hachée et de terre détrempée. Torchis.

Spanish

Save record 31

Record 32 1998-03-19

English

Subject field(s)
  • Soil Science
  • Erosion and Weathering (Geol.)
DEF

The erosion, by rain, frost, wind, running water, and other agencies, of the solid matter of the earth so that strata formerly covered are exposed and elevations are worn down.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Science du sol
  • Érosion et corrosion (Géologie)
DEF

Décapage de la surface du sol par les agents atmosphériques : pluie et ruissellement, vent, etc.

Spanish

Campo(s) temático(s)
  • Ciencia del suelo
  • Erosión y corrosión (Geología)
DEF

Desintegración y desgaste de la superficie de las rocas, acantilados, estratos, lechos de río, etc. por la acción atmosférica, del agua, biológica u otras.

Save record 32

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