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The Government of Canada’s terminology and linguistic data bank.

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Filter results by subject field Alphabetical list of terms

Filter results by subject field

Alphabetical list of terms

Record 1 2023-07-31

English

Subject field(s)
  • Commercial Fishing
CONT

Falling gear is a net or a basket-like structure which is cast, pushed down or allowed to fall from above to catch fish underneath it. The use of falling nets is usually restricted to shallow waters. However, some large scale falling nets can operate in deep waters from a boat with the use of lights to attract and concentrate fish.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Pêche commerciale

Spanish

Save record 1

Record 2 2021-09-29

English

Subject field(s)
  • Animal Feed (Agric.)
  • Seafood and Freshwater Food (Food Industries)
CONT

To make whale meal on an industrial scale, whale meat was heated under steam pressure to release the oil, which was the primary product of the industry, and during the process the tissues were broken down into a slurry. After the oil has been centrifuged off, the solid material that remained was dried, ground and sold as whale meal.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Alimentation des animaux (Agric.)
  • Produits de mer et d'eau douce (Industr. alim.)

Spanish

Save record 2

Record 3 2017-02-15

English

Subject field(s)
  • Statistical Methods
OBS

scale down forecasts : term extracted from the “Glossaire de l'économie” and reproduced with permission of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.

Key term(s)
  • scale down forecast

French

Domaine(s)
  • Méthodes statistiques
OBS

réviser des prévisions à la baisse : terme extrait du «Glossaire de l’économie» et reproduit avec l’autorisation de l’Organisation de coopération et de développement économiques.

Spanish

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Record 4 2015-04-21

English

Subject field(s)
  • Economic Planning
  • Financial and Budgetary Management
OBS

scale : To grade or measure according to a schedule; to increase or decrease a basic amount proportionately or according to a graduated schedule. For example, to scale down(or up) wages, interest, prices, etc., is to reduce or increase each level by a proportionate amount.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Planification économique
  • Gestion budgétaire et financière
OBS

Augmenter (les gages, etc.) à l'échelle.

Key term(s)
  • augmenter

Spanish

Save record 4

Record 5 2014-06-03

English

Subject field(s)
  • Scientific Instruments
  • Atomic Physics
OBS

The scanning tunneling microscope(STM) is a powerful instrument which gives information on topography, chemical composition and electronic properties of metal and semiconductor surfaces down to the atomic scale. This microscope has been significantly enhanced by an automated control and data-acquisition system.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Instruments scientifiques
  • Physique atomique
CONT

Déjà, la systématisation des mesures dimensionnelles dont dépendent [...] la majeure partie des performances des mémoires actuelles, est réalisée, à une cadence industrielle, par des microscopes à effet tunnel automatisés.

Spanish

Campo(s) temático(s)
  • Instrumentos científicos
  • Física atómica
Save record 5

Record 6 2014-04-30

English

Subject field(s)
  • Atomic Physics
CONT

Modern techniques of surface nanostructuration and biofunctionalization are employed to guide the assembly down to the nanometer scale. For the characterization of such model systems, novel biophysical in situ analytical techniques are developed. The created structures are employed as specialized platforms for biosensors and for the control of cellular fate.

Key term(s)
  • surface nano-structuration

French

Domaine(s)
  • Physique atomique
CONT

La nanostructuration en surface semble beaucoup plus prometteuse, notamment dans une logique de développement court terme. Elle peut être obtenue soit par modification de la surface directement par voie physique (grâce à des techniques dites «grenaillage»), soit par dépôt d'un revêtement nanostructuré en surface. Le grenaillage traditionnel consiste à projeter à grande vitesse des billes (en acier, en céramique) sur la pièce à traiter. Elle permet de modifier la structure en surface, sans créer de nanostructures. Dans le cas des métaux, ce traitement parvient à optimiser de façon significative certaines propriétés comme la résistance à la corrosion qui peut augmenter de 30 %. De plus, des propriétés mécaniques telles que la dureté ou la résistance des matériaux peuvent être augmentées de façon significative : après traitement par grenaillage à ultrasons, un acier voit sa dureté passer de 300 à 600 degrés Vickers! Plusieurs sociétés ont récemment été créées sur ce créneau du «grenaillage», développant des technologies à base de laser, d'eau pressurisée ou encore d'ultrasons.

Key term(s)
  • nano-structuration en surface

Spanish

Campo(s) temático(s)
  • Física atómica
CONT

La reciente aparición en el mercado de nanotubos de carbono amplía considerablemente la posibilidad de la nanoestructuración de superficies [...]

CONT

Se recurre al uso de nanoestructuras superficiales para conseguir superficies resistentes al rallado, hidrófugas, limpias o estériles. El injerto selectivo de moléculas orgánicas a través de la nanoestructuración superficial permitirá avanzar en la fabricación de biosensores y de dispositivos electrónicos moleculares.

Save record 6

Record 7 2014-01-29

English

Subject field(s)
  • Atomic Physics
CONT

Nanophysics concerns natural phenomena at nanometre scale and involves studies of solids, fluids and gaseous substances on a scale that corresponds to one billionth of a metre, which is a dizzyingly small scale, right down at the size of individual atoms and molecules.

Key term(s)
  • nano-plysics

French

Domaine(s)
  • Physique atomique
DEF

Physique qui explique les structures élaborées à l'échelle du nanomètre [...]

CONT

La nanophysique ne se contente pas d'exploiter les propriétés des atomes et des molécules pour atteindre un résultat macroscopique. [...] La nanophysique se caractérise lorsque le confinement à l'échelle nanoscopique change qualitativement le comportement. Dans ce monde nouveau, la mécanique quantique devient l'acteur principal.

Key term(s)
  • nano-physique

Spanish

Campo(s) temático(s)
  • Física atómica
DEF

Estudio de las propiedades físicas de materiales cuyas dimensiones son del orden de 1-100 nanómetros.

CONT

Las aplicaciones de la nanofísica del carbono en forma de nanotecnologías se extiende desde los nuevos nanomateriales, la nanobiotecnología, la electrónica cuántica, la biología molecular [hasta] todo tipo de ingenierías.

Save record 7

Record 8 2012-04-19

English

Subject field(s)
  • Hydrology and Hydrography
  • Oceanography
DEF

An interval at high or low water when there is no discernible change in the height of the tide.

CONT

... when the ebb transitions to the flood tide or vice versa, the water level only varies up and down a small scale within the period of time, but not appreciably. This is called the stand of tide. The duration of the tidal stand is generally related to the tidal range. When the tidal range is small, the tidal stand lasts longer and vice versa.

OBS

The water level is stationary at high and low water for only an instant, but the change in level near these times is so slow that it is not usually perceptible.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Hydrologie et hydrographie
  • Océanographie
DEF

Intervalle de temps, plus ou moins court, qui encadre l'heure de la pleine (ou de la basse) mer et pendant lequel la hauteur de la marée reste pratiquement stationnaire.

CONT

L'étale de courant s'applique à un écoulement nul, dans un régime de marée. L'étale de marée correspond à l'intervalle de temps autour de la pleine ou de la basse mer, durant lequel il y a peu de changement dans le niveau de l'eau; ceci ne coïncide pas nécessairement avec l'étale de courant.

OBS

Il ne faut pas confondre les étales de courant et les étales de niveau (pleines et basses mers).

OBS

étale : Ce terme est parfois utilisé comme synonyme du terme «étale de courant».

Spanish

Campo(s) temático(s)
  • Hidrología e hidrografía
  • Oceanografía
Save record 8

Record 9 2011-10-21

English

Subject field(s)
  • Soil Mechanics (Engineering)
DEF

A landslide that is caused when a mass of rock becomes saturated with water and slides downward.

CONT

When the soil and earthy material on a steep slope become charged with water, their weight is greatly increased. At the same time the water makes them more mobile. Under these circumstances the material sometimes slides down the slopes. Such movements are known as slumping or sliding. If the movement is on a large scale, it is a landslide.

CONT

Stability (Slides and Slumps). The stability of soil could be affected resulting in damage to property ...

OBS

slump: term used at Natural Resources Canada - Earth Sciences Sector.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Mécanique des sols
DEF

Affaissement brusque du sol provoqué par [...] l'action des eaux souterraines, etc.

CONT

La stabilité (glissements et effondrements). Des glissements et des effondrements du sol peuvent affecter sa stabilité causant ainsi des dommages à la propriété [...]

OBS

éboulement : terme en usage à Ressources naturelles Canada - Secteur des sciences de la Terre.

Spanish

Save record 9

Record 10 2011-01-19

English

Subject field(s)
  • Photography
DEF

A time exposure in which the shutter remains open only when the shutter release is held down or the cable release of rubber bulb of a pneumatic release is kept pressed. Indicated on the shutter speed scale by the letter B...

Key term(s)
  • B
  • bulb
  • bulb setting

French

Domaine(s)
  • Photographie
CONT

La pose en un temps (généralement indiquée par la lettre B sur la monture de l'objectif), dans laquelle l'obturateur reste ouvert tant que l'opérateur n'a pas relâché sa pression sur le dispositif de déclenchement; elle est utilisée pour les poses très courtes.

Key term(s)
  • B
  • vitesse pose B
  • vitesse B

Spanish

Save record 10

Record 11 2009-07-27

English

Subject field(s)
  • Remuneration (Personnel Management)
  • Financial and Budgetary Management
OBS

To grade or measure according to a schedule; to increase or decrease a basic amount proportionately or according to a graduated schedule. For example, to scale down(or up) wages, interest, prices.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Rémunération (Gestion du personnel)
  • Gestion budgétaire et financière
OBS

Néologisme peu élégant désignant l'établissement de barèmes qui sert de référence et dispense l'administration de l'examen cas par cas.

Spanish

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Record 12 2008-09-10

English

Subject field(s)
  • Tort Law (common law)
  • Offences and crimes
DEF

Force used that exceeds what reasonably appears to be necessary to beat off an attack. This is a question of fact and depends on such variable factors as the degree of violence offered, the nature of the weapons used by the assailant or his previous conduct and reputation for violence.

CONT

A defendant who is liable because he has used excessive force may, of course, have a counter-claim against the plaintiff for his initial attack and thus scale down the latter's recovery.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Droit des délits (common law)
  • Infractions et crimes

Spanish

Save record 12

Record 13 2008-08-07

English

Subject field(s)
  • Atmospheric Physics
  • Wind Energy
DEF

A wind that accelerates as it moves downslope because of its low temperature and greater density.

CONT

A fall wind is a larger-scale phenomenon than the individual-slope scale [wind] and is produced by accumulated cold air spilling down a slope or over a mountain range.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Physique de l'atmosphère
  • Énergie éolienne
DEF

Phénomène de plus grande envergure que le vent de gravité, comme dans le cas d'un mouvement de l'air froid d'un intérieur élevé vers une côte maritime plus chaude.

Spanish

Save record 13

Record 14 2007-01-31

English

Subject field(s)
  • Radar, Radio Guidance and Goniometry
  • Spacecraft
  • Remote Sensing
DEF

Image direction as measured along the sequence of line-of-sight rays from the radar to each and every reflecting point in the illuminated scene.

CONT

Since a SAR looks down and to the side, the slant range to ground range transformation has an inherent geometric scale which changes across the image swath.

OBS

slant-range: term officially approved by the RADARSAT-2 Terminology Approval Group (RTAG).

PHR

Slant-range scale distortion.

Key term(s)
  • slant range

French

Domaine(s)
  • Radar, radioguidage et radiogoniométrie
  • Engins spatiaux
  • Télédétection
DEF

Distance parcourue par l'onde électromagnétique entre le capteur actif et la cible, obtenue par la mesure du temps de parcours.

CONT

Pour tous les angles, l'antenne du radar mesure la distance radiale entre le radar et chaque cible sur la surface : c'est la distance oblique (ou distance-temps).

OBS

distance-temps : terme uniformisé par le Groupe de travail de la terminologie de RADARSAT-2 (GTTR).

Key term(s)
  • distance temps

Spanish

Campo(s) temático(s)
  • Guía radárica, radioguía y radiogoniometría
  • Naves espaciales
  • Teledetección
Save record 14

Record 15 2005-05-16

English

Subject field(s)
  • National and International Economics
CONT

One [premise for voluntary debt relief] is that debtors cannot meet their contractual obligations and thus need debt relief to scale down their obligations or "liquidity relief" to postpone them.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Économie nationale et internationale
OBS

allègement : Cette graphie, puisée des Rectifications de l'orthographe recommandées par le Conseil supérieur de la langue française, est attestée dans le Petit Robert (2004).

Spanish

Save record 15

Record 16 2005-05-11

English

Subject field(s)
  • The Stars (Astronomy)
CONT

Moving down through the stellar mass scale we come to the white stars of spectral type B and A and to the cream colors F and to the yellow G stars like our own sun.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Étoiles (Astronomie)
OBS

Dans les étoiles A (exemples: Sirius, Véga), qui sont des étoiles blanches, domine l'hydrogène; [...]

Spanish

Campo(s) temático(s)
  • Estrellas (Astronomía)
Save record 16

Record 17 2004-09-23

English

Subject field(s)
  • Weather Stations and Meteorological Instruments and Equipment
DEF

Record made by a thermograph.

OBS

A thermograph records a graph of temperature over a period of time. It consists of two metal strips joined together... one brass and the other steel. When the air warms, these two metals expand at different rates so that the strip bends. This bending causes a pen to move up or down a scale. The scale is wrapped around a cylinder which rotates by clockwork.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Stations, instruments et équipements météorologiques
DEF

Diagramme d'enregistrement d'un thermographe.

Spanish

Campo(s) temático(s)
  • Estaciones, instrumentos y equipos meteorológicos
DEF

Registro hecho por un termógrafo.

Save record 17

Record 18 2003-07-29

English

Subject field(s)
  • Energy Transformation
  • Thermodynamics
  • Meteorology
DEF

Progressive transfer of kinetic energy from systems of larger scale to those of smaller scale, ending in its dissipation by friction.

CONT

... many weather phenomena occur on the ’mesoscale’... Mesoscale is believed to play an important role in transferring energy from the large scale down to the small scales.... Energy Cascade. As we go down scales, we see finer and finer structures. Many of these structures are due to certain types of instabilities that inherently limit the size and duration of the phenomena. Also, there exist exchanges of energy, heat, moisture and momentum among all scales. Example : A thunderstorm feeds off convective instabilities... created by e. g., synoptic-scale cyclones.... The thunderstorm in turn can produce tornadoes... Strong winds in the tornado creates turbulent eddies which then dissipate and eventually turn the kinetic energy into heat. Convective activities can also feed back into the large scale and enhancing synoptic scale cyclones. Most of the energy transfer in the atmosphere is downscale-starting from differential heating with latitude and land-sea contrast on the planetary scales.(Energy in the atmosphere can also transfer upscale). We call the energy transfer among scales energy cascade.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Transformation de l'énergie
  • Thermodynamique
  • Météorologie
DEF

Transfert d'énergie cinétique à des systèmes d'échelle progressivement plus réduite, se terminant en dissipation par frottement.

Spanish

Campo(s) temático(s)
  • Transformación de la energía
  • Termodinámica
  • Meteorología
DEF

Transferencia progresiva de energía cinética de sistemas en gran escala a otros en menor escala, que termina en la disipación de la energía por fricción.

Save record 18

Record 19 2001-09-05

English

Subject field(s)
  • Computer Mathematics
  • Computer Graphics
CONT

There are tow types of matrix multiplication : scalar-by-matrix multiplication and matrix-by-matrix multiplication. As a noun, a scalar is a single number or scale factor that all the matrix elements are multiplied by in scalar multiplication. This is used to scale down all the elements of a matrix in equal proportion. In graphics, this is used on row and column vectors that represent points in space. It moves a point radially toward or away from the origin(0, 0, 0). This is often done to put the values of x, y, and z within a range that graphics routines can more easily handle, especially when integer arithmetic is being performed.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Mathématiques informatiques
  • Infographie

Spanish

Save record 19

Record 20 2000-08-09

English

Subject field(s)
  • Human Behaviour
  • Phraseology
CONT

The Vineland Social Maturity Scale, originally developed by Edgar A. Doll, represented an early attempt to measure social competence. Doll defined social competence as "a functional composite of human traits which subserves social usefulness as reflected in self-sufficiency and in service to others." This aspect of human behavior has also been termed adaptive behavior and has been incorporated as a major component in the definition of mental retardation.

CONT

The adaptive behaviors of 20 autistic, 20 Down syndrome, and 20 developmentally normal children were compared using the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale.(Source : PASCAL database).

Key term(s)
  • social quotient
  • social competence

French

Domaine(s)
  • Comportement humain
  • Phraséologie
CONT

Le comportement adaptatif [...] découle d'une attitude positive en face de la frustration, d'une approche de type « processus de résolution des problèmes » [...] - un individu [...] essaiera de se conformer aux valeurs et aux normes du groupe auquel il s'identifie et auquel il aimerait appartenir.

PHR

comportement adaptatif à l'école, au foyer, en société, au travail.

Spanish

Save record 20

Record 21 1999-05-25

English

Subject field(s)
  • Cartography
DEF

... a small piece of plastic with map scales etc. printed round the edge.

CONT

The most useful part of it is the top right corner, which has 1 : 50, 000 scale map gradations(divisions of a grid square) marked along and down it, counting backwards from the corner. When you place the correct numbered marks on the grid lines of the map, the corner of the romer shows the point the map reference refers to. This is essential for accurate plotting of 6 and 8 figure map references. Most romers have a hole in them; it's a good idea to loop a piece of string through it and hang it round your neck so you don’t lose it under the seat.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Cartographie
DEF

Instrument de cartographie employé pour reporter des points en coordonnées rectangulaires d'après une échelle donnée.

Spanish

Save record 21

Record 22 1993-04-27

English

Subject field(s)
  • Industrial Design
CONT

An isometric projection must be drawn using and isometric scale. An isometric scale is created by first laying a regular scale at 45 ° and projecting the increments of that scale vertically down to a blank scale drawn at an angle of 30 °... A one-inch measurement on the regular scale now measures. 816 in. on the isometric scale.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Dessin industriel
CONT

Pour construire une projection isométrique, il faut une échelle spéciale appelée échelle isométrique que l'on construit facilement en connaissant le rapport qui existe entre une longueur mesurée sur une arête et la longueur de sa projection sur le plan isométrique.

Spanish

Save record 22

Record 23 1989-10-24

English

Subject field(s)
  • Mathematics
  • Computer Graphics
CONT

One can almost see a Richardsonian cascade at work. A finite pinch of energy spreads a square ink blob around. Then the original eddy splits into smaller scale eddies, the effects of which are more local. The initial energy cascades down to ever smaller typical sizes, eventually contributing nothing but slight fuzziness to the outline of the final ink blob, just as in the following diagram from Corrsin 1959b.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Mathématiques
  • Infographie
OBS

Le caractère fractal de la cascade d'énergie semble actuellement le principal obstacle à une théorie déductive de la turbulence.

Spanish

Save record 23

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