TERMIUM Plus®

The Government of Canada’s terminology and linguistic data bank.

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Filter results by subject field Alphabetical list of terms

Filter results by subject field

Alphabetical list of terms

Record 1 2021-11-30

English

Subject field(s)
  • Protection of Life
  • Hygiene and Health
CONT

[The] chart illustrates how protective measures such as limiting travel, avoiding crowds, social distancing, and thorough and frequent handwashing can slow down the development of new COVID-19 cases and reduce the risk of overwhelming the health care system.

OBS

protective measure; protection measure: designations usually used in the plural.

Key term(s)
  • protective measures
  • protection measures

French

Domaine(s)
  • Sécurité des personnes
  • Hygiène et santé
CONT

Le port du masque ou du couvre-visage doit obligatoirement s'accompagner des autres mesures de protection, comme l'application des mesures d'hygiène.

OBS

mesure de protection; geste barrière : désignations habituellement utilisées au pluriel.

Key term(s)
  • mesures de protection
  • gestes barrières

Spanish

Campo(s) temático(s)
  • Protección de las personas
  • Higiene y Salud
Save record 1

Record 2 2018-09-17

English

Subject field(s)
  • Mining Operations
DEF

A mine car that took coal miners to underground mines in Atlantic Canada.

CONT

For many years, underground mining in Cape Breton has taken place under the ocean. In order to get there, miners either take a small trolley called a rake down a slope to the mine, and eventually their work place, or they go down in an elevator called a cage, and then travel out. These are two methods of mining coal that were used in Cape Breton.

CONT

The equipment which transports men and materials is also of prime importance, because each must get to the working face in the shortest time possible. Therefore, we propose to ride men in specially constructed rake cars right from the surface to the face ...

French

Domaine(s)
  • Exploitation minière
CONT

La télévision centrale a diffusé des images des mineurs remontés à la surface dans des chariots de mine puis installés sur des brancards et enroulés dans des couvertures.

OBS

En français, les termes «chariot de mine» et «charriot de mine» représentent les chariots qui servent soit au transport de matériaux, soit au transport des mineurs dans les galeries souterraines.

Spanish

Campo(s) temático(s)
  • Explotación minera
Save record 2

Record 3 2017-08-23

English

Subject field(s)
  • Private-Sector Bodies and Committees
  • Sociology of Recreation
  • Arts and Culture
OBS

Founded in 1935, the Australia-New Zealand Association was formed with the purpose to meet and welcome visitors from down under, and gather together socially from time to time. ANZA continued their meet & greet, and social functions throughout the years, until the flow of visitors ceased due to travel restrictions brought on by the start of World War Two. In 1952, the ANZA was revived but the nature of ANZA changed, and it became primarily a social club for Australians & New Zealanders living in the Greater Vancouver area... The ANZA has evolved into a sort of neighbourhood institution – much like the British "local".

French

Domaine(s)
  • Organismes et comités du secteur privé
  • Sociologie des loisirs
  • Arts et Culture

Spanish

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Record 4 2017-04-21

English

Subject field(s)
  • Ultrasonography
  • Cardiovascular System
CONT

The principal advantage of pulsed Doppler is range resolution, or the ability to sample blood flow in a small, specific area whose location and depth can be varied. A disadvantage of pulsed Doppler, however, is that there are limits to the maximum frequency shifts that can be unambiguously displayed at any given depth. To avoid range ambiguity, the ultrasound pulse must travel down to the selected depth and back before the next pulse can enter the heart. Therefore, the PRF [pulse repetition frequency] or sampling rate is limited at each depth.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Ultrasonographie
  • Système cardio-vasculaire
DEF

Technique échographique d'exploration vélocimétrique du cœur et des vaisseaux utilisant l'effet doppler [où] l'émission des ondes ultrasonores est faite en mode pulsé et le signal doppler est obtenu par l'analyse des échos provenant d'une profondeur sélectionnée par l'utilisateur.

OBS

Une même céramique est alternativement émettrice et réceptrice. L’émission des ultrasons est discontinue et chaque brève impulsion est suivie d’une période d’écoute pendant laquelle la sonde recueille les échos qui lui parviennent. Une fenêtre de mesure réglable en profondeur permet de sélectionner de façon précise le volume de la cible à étudier, ce qui évite la superposition des informations. Le mode doppler pulsé est couplé à l'échographie en mode B sur laquelle se fait le repérage de la zone de mesure. Le résultat est représenté sur l'écran sous la forme du tracé du spectre doppler. Le signal doppler appliqué à un haut parleur est également perçu sous forme audible.

Spanish

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Record 5 2016-05-20

English

Subject field(s)
  • Atmospheric, Climatic and Meteorological Phenomena
  • Air Pollution
CONT

Mixing with the water vapors in the clouds they travel in, [sulfuric acid and nitric acid] eventually tumble down to earth as acid rain and acid snow.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Phénomènes météorologiques, climatiques et atmosphériques
  • Pollution de l'air
DEF

Neige dont le pH est inférieur à 5,6.

Spanish

Campo(s) temático(s)
  • Fenómenos meteorológicos, climáticos y atmosféricos
  • Contaminación del aire
Save record 5

Record 6 2015-10-23

English

Subject field(s)
  • General Mechanics (Physics)
  • Flight Instruments and Equipment (Aeroindustry)
  • Launching and Space Maneuvering
  • Helicopters (Military)
DEF

The tendency of a rotating body, when a force is applied perpendicular to its plane of rotation, to turn in the direction of its rotation 90 degrees to its axis and take up a new plane of rotation parallel to the applied force.

CONT

Gyroscopic precession ... When force is applied to a gyro, the device reacts as if the force had been applied at a point 90 degrees from the point of actual application, in the direction of rotation. Precession affects propellers, which act like gyros, and gyro instruments. Its principle effect is on the heading indicator, which tends to drift over time.

CONT

A gyroscope will not only resist being moved out of its vertical position, it will also generate force as it attempts to travel in large, circular patterns. These patterns are most easily seen with a spinning top. As the top begins losing its energy, it never simply spirals straight down in the same direction that it was originally spinning. As it destabilizes, it will always begin slowly rotating or precessing in a slow, even circle that is in the opposite direction to its normal spinning motion. These circular patterns are known as "precessional" motions, and they are another aspect of a gyroscope's movement that will occur either in air or in a vacuum and can be used to overcome gravity.

CONT

If an airplane changes suddenly from a nose up to a nose down position, as is the case during the take-off roll in a tail wheel airplane, the airplane will yaw sharply to the left as the pilot shoves the wheel forward to raise the tail. The application of right rudder compensates for the precession tendency.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Mécanique générale (Physique)
  • Instruments et équipement de bord (Constructions aéronautiques)
  • Lancement et manœuvres dans l'espace
  • Hélicoptères (Militaire)
DEF

Tendance qu'a un corps en rotation, sur lequel on applique une force perpendiculairement à son axe de rotation, de tourner 90 degrés par rapport à son axe de rotation, dans le même sens que la rotation, pour finir sur un nouveau plan de rotation parallèle à la force appliquée.

CONT

Si l'on applique un couple à un gyroscope en rotation, couple appliqué sur un axe différent de son axe de rotation, il réagit à ce couple de manière à amener son axe de rotation parallèle à celui du couple appliqué, et ceci par le plus court chemin. Ce mouvement est dit «mouvement de précession» lorsqu'il est provoqué volontairement, et «dérive» lorsqu'il est dû à un élément perturbateur.

CONT

Mouvement de précession stable d'un gyroscope.

OBS

L'usage fait donner des appellations différentes à cette composante de rotation instantanée [...] : lorsqu'elle est due à un phénomène déterministe et connu, on l'appelle «précession gyroscopique»; lorsqu'elle est due à un phénomène aléatoire, ou bien que l'on ne maîtrise pas, on l'appelle «dérive gyroscopique».

OBS

précession; précession gyroscopique : termes d'usage obligatoire au Bureau de la traduction du Canada.

PHR

Précession astronomique, précession de déplacement, précession instrumentale, précession mécanique.

Spanish

Campo(s) temático(s)
  • Mecánica general (Física)
  • Instrumentos y equipo de vuelo (Industria aeronáutica)
  • Lanzamiento y maniobras en el espacio
  • Helicópteros (Militar)
DEF

Movimiento cónico de rotación, en torno de una posición media, que toma en el espacio el eje de los cuerpos que giran sobre sí mismos con movimiento giroscópico.

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Record 7 2015-02-18

English

Subject field(s)
  • Search and Rescue (Paramilitary)
DEF

A search strategy that involves sending sign cutters in a direction that is perpendicular to the subject's assumed direction of travel, in an effort to narrow down the size of the search area.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Recherche et sauvetage (Paramilitaire)
DEF

Stratégie de recherche qui [permet d'envoyer] des pisteurs dans une direction perpendiculaire à la direction de déplacement supposée de la personne égarée, en vue de réduire le secteur de recherche.

Spanish

Save record 7

Record 8 2013-03-12

English

Subject field(s)
  • Automated Materials Handling
  • Inventory and Material Management
DEF

A powered overhead travelling crane where the crab carries an inverted mast. The load is carried on forks, or other attachments mounted on a carriage to travel up and down the mast which is capable of rotating around its vertical axis. The control of the crane can either be through the medium of a push button or from a cabin carried on the mast or mounted on the carriage.

OBS

suspended mast crane: term standardized by the British Standards Institution (BSI).

French

Domaine(s)
  • Manutention automatique
  • Gestion des stocks et du matériel
CONT

Rails de support posés au sommet des casiers: dans les installations de grande hauteur, on a avantage à utiliser cette disposition car le transtockeur suspendu est beaucoup plus stable. [...] (les transtockeurs suspendus pèsent moins que ceux qui roulent au sol).

OBS

Le transtockeur [...] se compose [...] d'un portique roulant suspendu à un ou deux rails supérieurs [...], d'un châssis vertical se déplaçant le long du portique, d'un système de fourches ou de tiroirs fixés sur le châssis et capables de se mouvoir horizontalement. [...] le transtockeur est soit actionné par un opérateur qui, depuis sa cabine, commande les mouvements [...], soit mû automatiquement.

OBS

Voir la rubrique «transtockeur» du LGRAN.

Spanish

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Record 9 2011-12-16

English

Subject field(s)
  • Racquet Sports
DEF

Refers to a tennis shot made from the side of the tennis court and directed across the net near the edge of the court on the same side.

CONT

Strokes played approximately parallel with the sidelines are described as "down the line" as opposed to "cross-court".

OBS

Because of the length of this qualifier, "down-the-line" is more often than not used as a predicate, as in the phrase a "drop shot down-the-line". Furthermore, "up-the-line" is sometimes used synonymously with "down-the-line". It seems that it is merely a question of perspective; opposite of "crosscourt".

CONT

... driven shots down the line can travel above head height at the net and still drop inside the base-line.

CONT

[He] drops his left shoulder and raises his right one before driving down the line.

PHR

A down-the-line backhand return winner.

PHR

To hit/put the ball down the line.

Key term(s)
  • up-the-line
  • up the line

French

Domaine(s)
  • Sports de raquette
DEF

Relatif à un coup dirigé parallèlement aux lignes de côté.

OBS

Exemple : coup le long de la ligne. Ne pas confondre avec «position parallèle» .

Spanish

Campo(s) temático(s)
  • Deportes de raqueta
CONT

Tres posibilidades de resto: al centro a sus pies, cruzada o paralela.

PHR

Dejada paralela.

Save record 9

Record 10 2011-12-16

English

Subject field(s)
  • Racquet Sports
DEF

An offensive groundstroke where the tennis ball is propelled forcefully with either top spin or with a flat-faced racquet deep into an opponent’s court. Such a quick shot would barely clear the net.

OBS

Both the French and Spanish make much use of the anglicism "drive", albeit not in a correct fashion: In English "drive" is supposed to imply a ball hit with a lot of pace to win a point outright, regardless of the type of spin used to accomplish this task. (The terms "shot" and "stroke", being more neutral, need not imply any added spin whatsoever) However in both French and Spanish, "drive" is often used as a synonym for "forehand" (shot/stroke), or like English it can refer to any hard shot, whether on the backhand or forehand side.

CONT

... driven shots down the line can travel above head height at the net and still drop inside the base-line.

PHR

Angled, backhand, cross-court, deep, flat, forehand, hard, penetrating drive.

PHR

A drive leaves the racket.

PHR

To hit, return, rip, smack, wallop a drive. To thread the needle with a drive.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Sports de raquette
DEF

Frappe de la balle avec force après son rebond. La balle tombe habituellement dans le fond du terrain.

OBS

drive : terme générique qui ne s'emploie guère au Canada. Utiliser plutôt «coup droit» ou «coup de revers», ou «boulet» (coup puissant) selon le cas.

CONT

Les coups d'approche. Il s'agit d'un coup droit ou d'un revers d'attaque sur une balle courte de l'adversaire qui préparent une montée au filet destinée à conclure le point.

CONT

Effet brossé de revers [...] Voilà un coup d'attaque qui requiert un parfaite synchronisation.

PHR

Drive lifté, d'attaque, éclair.

PHR

Délivrer des drives.

Spanish

Campo(s) temático(s)
  • Deportes de raqueta
OBS

El anglicismo-término «drive» puede tener dos traducciones inglesas: 1) drive (sentido genérico) 2) forehand drive (sentido específico). El término «golpe de ataque» es genérico y así puede tener traducciones diferentes según el contexto.

CONT

Revés liftado [...] Este golpe de ataque requiere perfecta coordinación.

CONT

[El golpe liftado de derecha] es, normalmente, de ataque, es un golpe que suele desbordar bastante está bien ejecutado y que se emplea, sobre todo, para mover al contrario de un lado a otro, siendo muy efectivos los golpes cruzados; en este caso, el cruzado de derecha, haciendo que, como el bote es rápido y muy alto, el contrario, para devolverlo, tenga que salirse literalmente de la pista.

PHR

Golpe de ataque angulado.

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Record 11 2011-08-09

English

Subject field(s)
  • Titles of Conventions, Treaties and Agreements (Documents)
  • Environmental Law
  • Air Pollution
OBS

Between 1972 and 1977 several studies confirmed the hypothesis that air pollutants could travel several thousands of kilometres before deposition and damage occurred. This also implied that cooperation at the international level was necessary to solve problems such as acidification. In response to these acute problems, a High-level Meeting within the Framework of the ECE on the Protection of the Environment was held at ministerial level in November 1979 in Geneva. It resulted in the signature of the Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution by 34 Governments and the European Community(EC). The Convention was the first international legally binding instrument to deal with problems of air pollution on a broad regional basis. Besides laying down the general principles of international cooperation for air pollution abatement, the Convention sets up an institutional framework bringing together research and policy. The Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution entered into force in 1983. It has been extended by eight specific protocols.

Key term(s)
  • UN EEC LRTAP Convention
  • LRTAP Convention
  • The 1979 Geneva Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution
  • United Nations Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution

French

Domaine(s)
  • Titres de conventions, de traités et d'accords (Documents)
  • Droit environnemental
  • Pollution de l'air
Key term(s)
  • Convention des Nations Unies sur la pollution atmosphérique transfrontalière à longue distance
  • Convention sur la pollution atmosphérique transfrontalière à longue distance

Spanish

Campo(s) temático(s)
  • Títulos de convenciones, tratados y acuerdos (Documentos)
  • Derecho ambiental
  • Contaminación del aire
Save record 11

Record 12 2007-02-23

English

Subject field(s)
  • Skiing and Snowboarding
CONT

In the real world, this [blower] is something used to dry your hair. In the ski world, this is a term used to describe cold snow that is so light it blows in your face, resulting in face shots ...

CONT

Travel conditions : Boot top trail breaking can be expected throughout the forecast area in areas protected from the wind, but that translates into excellent turns on the way down, with the odd face-shot. Stick to conservative lines in the alpine for the time being. MG/SM Banff, Yoho and Kootenay National Parks...

French

Domaine(s)
  • Ski et surf des neiges
CONT

Déplacements dans l'arrière-pays : Les skis pénètrent jusqu'au-dessus de bottes dans les secteurs abrités du vent à l'échelle de la zone de prévisions, mais l'on peut s'attendre à d'excellentes conditions à la descente, et à un ou deux bains de poudreuse. Tenez-en vous à des parcours sûrs en zone alpine pour le moment. MG/SM Bulletin d'avalanche de Banff [...]

Spanish

Save record 12

Record 13 2005-01-26

English

Subject field(s)
  • Customs and Excise
  • Drugs and Drug Addiction
CONT

What is "cone of scent"? Odour particles always travel in the shape of a cone. A cone of scent is always concentrated and narrow at the source, and becomes wider and more diluted the further it travels. When a detector dog detects a substance that it has been trained to interdict, it uses the cone of scent to pinpoint the source of the odour. It starts by moving from one side to the other and back again in order to define the search area. Then, by moving up and down the cone, the dog can determine in which direction the odour becomes stronger. The dog can then follow the ever-narrowing cone of scent to its source.

Key term(s)
  • scent cone

French

Domaine(s)
  • Douanes et accise
  • Drogues et toxicomanie
CONT

Qu'est-ce que le «cône de détection olfactive»? Les particules d'odeur se déplacent toujours sous forme de cône. Un cône de détection olfactive est toujours concentré et étroit à la source et il devient plus vaste et plus dilué lorsqu'il se déplace. Lorsqu'un chien détecte une substance qu'il a été dressé à repérer, il utilise le cône de détection olfactive pour trouver la source de l'odeur. Il commence à se déplacer d'un côté à l'autre et il revient afin de définir le secteur de recherche. Ensuite, en se déplaçant de haut en bas du cône, le chien est en mesure de déterminer dans quelle direction l'odeur devient plus prononcée. Il peut alors suivre le cône d'odeur jusqu'à sa source.

Spanish

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Record 14 2005-01-13

English

Subject field(s)
  • General Scientific and Technical Vocabulary
  • Trucks and Dollies (Materials Handling)
CONT

Forklifts-also known as powered industrial(lift) trucks-are used to transport, lift, carry and stack goods... Safe work practices Operating forklifts... Travel down ramps backward when laden... Travel down ramps frontward when empty.

OBS

laden: past participle of the verb to lade, which means to put (something) on or in, as a burden, load, cargo,etc.

OBS

laden weight: The unladen weight of the vehicle plus the weight of the load being transported.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Vocabulaire technique et scientifique général
  • Chariots de manutention
CONT

Conduite de chariots élévateurs. Cariste débutant et confirmé [...] Evolution à vide, en marche avant et arrière, prise et dépose de charge, circulation en charge, gerbage, toutes ces opérations dans diverses conditions de travail, manutentions spécifiques si nécessaire.

OBS

poids en charge : Poids à vide du véhicule plus le poids de la charge transportée.

Spanish

Save record 14

Record 15 2004-02-20

English

Subject field(s)
  • Airborne Forces
  • Skydiving, Paragliding and Hang Gliding
DEF

A modified stable freefall position made by a skydiver drawing his arms back near his sides, which results in a head-low attitude.

CONT

The delta position is named so for its resemblance to the delta winged aircraft. This position allows the jumper to travel at maximum velocity and in a head down attitude. In a delta position the jumper keeps his body as straight as possible. The arms are held straight and drawn along the sides. Legs are kept straight and toes pointed. It is possible to arrive at speeds of 200 mph in a delta position.

OBS

This position increases rate of descent and horizontal movement.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Forces aéroportées
  • Parachutisme, parapente et deltaplane

Spanish

Save record 15

Record 16 2003-12-22

English

Subject field(s)
  • Air Pollution
  • Atmospheric Physics
  • Chimneys (Building Elements)
DEF

A plume that appears to be following a sinuous path, usually with irregular undulations.

OBS

Looping plume... The up and down motion starts as soon as the gas issues from the stack and is caused by atmospheric, eddies, often the result of thermal convection. It is an optical illusion that any particular parcel of gas follows a sinuous path as it moves downwind; if it forms the top of a wave near the stack, it remains as the top of a wave as it moves downwind. It is the sinuosities that move with the wind, growing in size as they travel. Looping is seldom observed from stacks taller than lOOm.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Pollution de l'air
  • Physique de l'atmosphère
  • Cheminées (Éléments du bâtiment)
OBS

Les panaches deviennent sinueux en présence d'un gradient superadiabatique. De gros tourbillons thermiques se forment dans l'air instable, et de fortes concentrations de polluants peuvent être rabattues au sol à de courts intervalles de temps. La diffusion est toutefois efficace sur de longues échéances. Les conditions superadiabatiques qui rendent les panaches sinueux ne se produisent que par vents légers et sous une forte insolation. La nébulosité ou les vents forts empêchent l'établissement de telles conditions d'instabilité.

Spanish

Campo(s) temático(s)
  • Contaminación del aire
  • Física de la atmósfera
  • Chimeneas (Elementos de edificios)
Save record 16

Record 17 2003-03-17

English

Subject field(s)
  • Space Physics
CONT

The Sun emits a steady flow of electrically-charged particles called the solar wind. As the solar wind expands supersonically into space, it creates a magnetized bubble around the Sun--the heliosphere. Eventually, the solar wind runs into the electrically-charged particles and magnetic field in the interstellar gas. The solar wind abruptly slows down from supersonic to subsonic speed, creating a termination shock. Before both spacecraft travel beyond the heliopause into interstellar space, they must pass through that shockwave.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Physique spatiale

Spanish

Save record 17

Record 18 2002-09-06

English

Subject field(s)
  • Racquet Sports
DEF

The outside boundaries of the playing surface. Such a line runs from the net to the baseline.

CONT

The singles sidelines are closer to the center of the court than the doubles sidelines.

CONT

Cross-court forehands can be dipped inside the tramlines, driven shots down the line can travel above head height at the net and still drop inside the base-line.

OBS

side line: term also used in badminton and table tennis.

PHR

Doubles sideline (=sideline for doubles match), inner sideline, outer sideline, service sideline, singles sideline (=sideline for singles match).

PHR

To cover a sideline.

PHR

The ball caught/clipped the sideline.

Key term(s)
  • tram line

French

Domaine(s)
  • Sports de raquette
DEF

Ligne délimitant la largeur du terrain.

CONT

Les lignes de côté pour le simple se situent à 4 pi 6 po (1,35 m) à l'intérieur des lignes de côté extrêmes. Ces lignes marquent aussi la limite de la zone de service au double.

OBS

Si qualifié, le terme «ligne de côté» peut être abrégé, p.ex.: «ligne de simple» (= ligne de côté pour le simple), «ligne de double» (=ligne de côté pour le double).

OBS

ligne de côté : employé aussi au tennis de table et au badminton.

OBS

ligne latérale : terme de badminton.

Key term(s)
  • ligne de simple
  • ligne de double

Spanish

Campo(s) temático(s)
  • Deportes de raqueta
DEF

[Línea que traza] los límites laterales de la pista.

CONT

Las líneas que delimitan los extremos y lados de la pista se llaman, respectivamente, «línea de fondo» y «líneas laterales».

PHR

Líneas dobles, líneas individuales (=de sencillos).

OBS

"Línea lateral" se usa para el tenis y "línea de banda" para el tenis y el tenis de mesa.

Save record 18

Record 19 2001-11-23

English

Subject field(s)
  • Soil Science
  • Hydrology and Hydrography
CONT

The water travels down with a velocity, v(v=ksin). There is no rain r evaporation from time 0 to t. Thus, the moisture content at x and t... is the same as the moisture content(let's say location xA at time 0) at a distance x-xA uphill from x.... The moisture content at location xA is dependent on the rainfall with rate I prior to time 0 and is determined by moisture content at the top of the slope, 0, plus the amount of rainfall that fell during the time needed to travel from the top to xA.... By imposing dK/d to be constant, we effectively ignore the slow drainage as decreases and, thus, enhance the gravity effect artificially compensating for the fact that we ignored possible macropore flow.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Science du sol
  • Hydrologie et hydrographie
CONT

[...] la vitesse d'infiltration résulte de deux effets : - l'effet de succion, prédominant en début d'infiltration et décroissant rapidement à mesure que la profondeur du sol humecté augmente; - l'effet de la pesanteur pratiquement seul à intervenir au bout d'un certain temps quand la profondeur humectée est suffisamment grande.

Spanish

Save record 19

Record 20 2001-06-21

English

Subject field(s)
  • General Mechanics (Physics)
  • Aircraft Piloting and Navigation
  • Navigation Instruments
  • Flight Instruments and Equipment (Aeroindustry)
CONT

The attitude of a satellite is its position in space - its orientation... To stabilize a satellite, the satellite must have a system that keeps it moving evenly through its orbit. Satellites often use a spinning or gyroscopic motion to keep them stable.

CONT

A gyroscope will not only resist being moved out of its vertical position, it will also generate force as it attempts to travel in large, circular patterns. These patterns are most easily seen with a spinning top. As the top begins losing its energy, it never simply spirals straight down in the same direction that it was originally spinning. As it destabilizes, it will always begin slowly rotating or precessing in a slow, even circle that is in the opposite direction to its normal spinning motion. These circular patterns are known as "precessional" motions, and they are another aspect of a gyroscope's movement that will occur either in air or in a vacuum and can be used to overcome gravity.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Mécanique générale (Physique)
  • Pilotage et navigation aérienne
  • Instruments de navigation
  • Instruments et équipement de bord (Constructions aéronautiques)
CONT

Les protons ont une charge électrique positive, que l'on peut considérer grossièrement comme mise en mouvement par le mouvement gyroscopique (ou spin) de cette particule.

Key term(s)
  • mouvement précessionnel

Spanish

Save record 20

Record 21 2000-05-30

English

Subject field(s)
  • Oil and Natural Gas Extraction
  • Engineering
CONT

... another possible way of creating permeability in hot dry rocks is «impact fracturing». This method... [may be described in its principle. ] A bore, cased except near the lower extremity, is surmounted by a hydraulic accumulator, filled with water and pressurized by means of a pump until the accumulator weight is lifted. The lifting pressure should be perhaps about 90% of the estimated hydro-fracturing pressure. A dynamic blow would then be struck upon the top of the water column by means of some device resembling a pile-driver, so that shock waves would travel to the base of the bore and be reflected up and down at attenuating intensity. Very high instantaneous pressures would be generated which would fracture the rock, and it is expected that the steepness of the pressure rise would be such as to resemble explosive action, so that the «star» formation... would be produced.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Extraction du pétrole et du gaz naturel
  • Ingénierie

Spanish

Save record 21

Record 22 1997-12-05

English

Subject field(s)
  • Internet and Telematics
  • Telecommunications Transmission
CONT

Graded-index multimode fiber contains a core in which the refractive index diminishes gradually from the center axis out toward the cladding. The higher refractive index at the center makes the light rays moving down the axis advance more slowly than those near the cladding. Also, rather than zig-zagging off the cladding, light in the core curves helically because of the graded index, reducing its travel distance. The shortened path and the higher speed allow light at the periphery to arrive at a receiver at about the same time as the slow but straight rays in the core axis. The result : a digital pulse suffers less dispersion. These fibers often become the physical medium for local-area networks.

Key term(s)
  • graded-index multimode fibre

French

Domaine(s)
  • Internet et télématique
  • Transmission (Télécommunications)
CONT

pour comprendre la troisième famille, les fibres multimodes à gradient d'indice, on suppose qu'on sait réaliser deux lentilles, l'une classique, plan convexe, où le trajet optique à l'intérieur est de la forme ne(r), n étant l'indice et e l'épaisseur variable en fonction de la distance à l'axe r, et l'autre, plate, d'épaisseur e mais où l'indice, n varie en fonction de r de telle manière que n(r)e = ne(r). On en déduit aisément que ces deux lentilles focaliseront la lumière dans les mêmes conditions. La seconde, étant plate, peut être empilée avec des lentilles semblables qui réaliseront une convergence permanente des rayons. Si la loi d'indice est quasiment parabolique, des rayons issus d'un même point reconvergeront périodiquement aux mêmes endroits, réalisant un guidage parfait. De telles fibres présentent aujourd'hui des bandes passantes supérieures à 1 gigahertz.

Spanish

Save record 22

Record 23 1994-12-06

English

Subject field(s)
  • Industries - General
CONT

... cost estimate broken down by country of source into-overhead and profit-salaries-travel expenses-other direct expenses-indirect expenses-material and equipment...

French

Domaine(s)
  • Industries - Généralités
CONT

[...] évaluation des coûts, ventilée selon le pays de provenance, comme suit : - frais généraux et profits - traitements - frais de déplacement - autres dépenses directes - dépenses indirectes - matériel et équipement [...]

Spanish

Save record 23

Record 24 1987-12-31

English

Subject field(s)
  • Automated Materials Handling
  • Inventory and Material Management
CONT

Suspended mast crane : A powered overhead travelling crane where the crab carries an inverted mast. The load is carried on forks, or other attachments mounted on a carriage arranged to travel up and down the mast which is capable of rotating around its vertical axis. The control of the crane can either be through the medium of a pendant push button or from a cabin carried on the mast or mounted on the carriage.

CONT

Stacker cranes have also been employed in automated storage and retrieval systems. Each stack location is given a code number that is placed on a punched card or other control device. When a shipment or order is received, the punched card is inserted to activate the system, and the stacker crane automatically finds the right location.

OBS

stacker crane: This term is deprecated, according to the French source TECHN. Not to be confused with "stacker" or "stacking truck" (in French "gerbeur").

Key term(s)
  • retriever
  • storage and retrieval machine

French

Domaine(s)
  • Manutention automatique
  • Gestion des stocks et du matériel
CONT

Deux catégories d'appareils ont été étudiées pour la manutention en magasins de charges isolées; d'une part, certains modèles de gerbeurs; d'autre part, les [...] transtockeurs. [...] Un transtockeur se compose [...] d'un mât vertical, guidé à ses deux extrémités par des rails, et d'une cabine, ou plate-forme, munie de fourches orientables et coulissant le long du mât. [...] Pour peu qu'on repère [...] chaque point desservi à l'aide d'un système de coordonnées, il devient possible [...] de commander à distance les opérations, voire de les programmer entièrement.

OBS

Voir la rubrique «transtockeur» du LGRAN.

OBS

Le terme «transtockeur» [...] n'est pas adopté par tous les constructeurs : certains disent «translateur», d'autres, «transélévateur». [...] Les Anglais ont dit d'abord «stacker crane» (pont gerbeur). Mais pour éviter toute confusion entre le vrai pont gerbeur et le transtockeur, ils ont adopté S/R machine [...]

Key term(s)
  • translateur
  • transélévateur

Spanish

Save record 24

Record 25 1986-08-01

English

Subject field(s)
  • Signalling (Rail Transport)
CONT

On long trains, braking signal takes half a minute to travel down the train.(Train Dynamics)

French

Domaine(s)
  • Signalisation (Transport par rail)
CONT

[...] la vitesse de propagation de l'ordre de freinage qui provoque la mise en action du frein est de 280 mp/s

OBS

Fiche de travail préparée par Claire Dion, traductrice au CN.

OBS

ordre de freinage : terme uniformisé par e CN.

Spanish

Save record 25

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