TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The general theory of structures is based on a static calculation, which means to say that both the structure and the loads acting on it are at rest, or may simulate this condition because they act slowly. But the structure and load acting on it cannot always be deemed to be at rest, because the dynamic effect of forces may cause accelerations in it, which lead to failure. Wind and earthquakes are forces with a significant dynamic effect on bridges but it must also be borne in mind that traffic loads are moving and, in fact, the dynamic effect of these loads are taken into account via impact factors...  2, record 1, English, - traffic%20load

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

traffic load: designation usually used in the plural.  3, record 1, English, - traffic%20load

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

charge de roulage : désignation habituellement utilisée au pluriel.  2, record 1, French, - charge%20de%20roulage

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Occupants should be securely fastened to the seat with the seat cushion almost completely compressed to prevent a condition called dynamic overshoot or “seat slap. ” Dynamic overshoot occurs when there is excessive cushioning, under-Gz [negative g force] which is lifting you off the seat, pulling legs back in anticipation. The net effect is additional Gz forces because the seat has farther to travel prior to contact of the individual.  1, record 2, English, - dynamic%20overshoot

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A condition in which the wind’s aerodynamic lifting force is approximately equal to its aerodynamic drag, resulting in the lowest wind power capture by the blade.  4, record 3, English, - aerodynamic%20stall

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Dynamic stall is a non-linear unsteady aerodynamic effect that occurs when aerofoils rapidly change the angle of attack. The rapid change can cause a strong vortex to be shed from the leading edge of the aerofoil, and travel backwards above the wing. The vortex, containing high velocity airflows, briefly increases the lift produced by the wing. As soon as it passes behind the trailing edge, however, the lift reduces dramatically, and the wing is in normal stall.  5, record 3, English, - aerodynamic%20stall

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Diminution de la portance d'un profil d'aile ou d'hélice par décollement turbulent des filets d'air lorsque l'angle d'incidence dépasse une certaine valeur.  3, record 3, French, - d%C3%A9crochage%20a%C3%A9rodynamique

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La diminution de l'angle de calage permet d'atteindre l'angle d'incidence correspondant au décrochage aérodynamique.  4, record 3, French, - d%C3%A9crochage%20a%C3%A9rodynamique

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Liquid crystals displays are currently available in two general categories. One is dynamic scattering and the other is field effect.  2, record 4, English, - dynamic%20scattering%20mode

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[Mode de fonctionnement d'un cristal liquide nématique. Il y a en fait 4 modes de fonctionnement:] la diffusion dynamique, la diffusion haute fréquence, la bérifringence contrôlée, la commutation par effet de champ. Domaine: optoélectronique, cristaux liquides.  1, record 4, French, - diffusion%20dynamique

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Another soil process, which is of importance to subsea pipeline engineering, is dynamic liquefaction caused either due to the passing of individual(steep) waves or due to a gradual build-up of pore pressure in the soil due to repeated cyclical forcing, such as wave motion. As a consequence of liquefaction the soil loses its bearing capacity. Hence, a negatively buoyant pipe will sink into the seabed, but what is usually worse is that a buoyant pipe can work its way out of the seabed with potentially hazardous consequences. Although dynamic liquefaction has been studied for more than 20 years, we are still some ways from formulating clear design rules, partially because it is still not clear how important this effect is in the field; the evidence is contradictory.  1, record 5, English, - dynamic%20liquefaction

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Effect of earthquakes. The design loading due to earthquake shall be determined... by a dynamic analysis.  1, record 6, English, - effect%20of%20earthquakes

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

lorsque la valeur de certaines surcharges est majorée en application des règles en vigueur (effet du vent [...] effet sismique, etc.) la vérification directe de la sécurité doit se faire dans les conditions ci-après [...]  2, record 6, French, - effet%20des%20s%C3%A9ismes

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 2 CONT

[...] bien qu'on ne puisse jamais supprimer les effets naturels des séismes, des constructions tenant compte de la sismicité locale permettront souvent d'éviter des pertes en vie humaine.  1, record 6, French, - effet%20des%20s%C3%A9ismes

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The concept of a dynamic amplification factor(DAF) is used to describe the ratio between the maximum load effect when a bridge is loaded dynamically, and the maximum load effect when the same load is applied statically to the bridge.  2, record 7, English, - dynamic%20amplification%20factor

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 2 CONT

The dynamic amplification factor (DAF) is an important parameter in the design of highway bridges and yet no worldwide consensus has been reached so far as to its value. Some disagreement exists between provisions of various national bridge codes. This is because the DAF depends, in addition to the maximum span or the natural frequency, on many other parameters that are difficult to take into account with reasonable accuracy. Vehicle speed, weight, and dynamic characteristics, the state of the structure, roadway roughness, expansion joints, the type of bridge supports, soil-structure interaction, and influence of secondary elements are some aspects influencing the DAF. This study reviews the analytical and experimental findings on bridge dynamics and the evaluation of the DAF.  3, record 7, English, - dynamic%20amplification%20factor

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le facteur d'amplification dynamique (FAD) est un paramètre important dans la conception des ponts routiers. Pourtant il n'existe, jusqu'à maintenant, aucun consensus international quant à sa valeur, et certaines divergences existent entre les recommandations de différentes normes nationales de calcul de ponts. Ceci est dû au fait que le FAD dépend, en plus de la portée et de la fréquence propre, de plusieurs autres paramètres qui sont difficiles à isoler. La vitesse, le poids et les caractéristiques dynamiques du véhicule, l'état de la structure, l'étendue des imperfections de la planéité de la chaussée, l'état des joints de dilatation, les types d'appuis, l'interaction sol-structure, l'influence des éléments secondaires, sont quelques aspects influençant le FAD. Cette étude présente une revue des recherches théoriques et expérimentales sur la dynamique des ponts et l'évaluation du FAD.  1, record 7, French, - facteur%20d%27amplification%20dynamique

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 8,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Dynamic tests are specifically concerned with landing gear performance and CEAT has four specialized machines for this purpose. The landing gear is attached to an adjustable ’load’ platform running in vertical guides. Landing impact is simulated by dropping this assembly at a controlled speed on to a rotating drum which provides the effect of movement over the ground. The largest of these four machines, developed and built at CEAT, permits dynamic tests to be carried out on the main landing gear of aircraft with a landing weight in excess of 120 tonnes.  1, record 8, English, - load%20platform

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'atterrisseur est fixé sur une plate-forme de masse réglable et guidée verticalement, l'impact étant obtenu par chute à vitesse constante de l'ensemble sur un volant, qui simule la vitesse longitudinale.  1, record 8, French, - plate%2Dforme%20de%20masse

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Pluriel : des plateformes, des plates-formes.  3, record 8, French, - plate%2Dforme%20de%20masse

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 2 OBS

plateforme (sing.); plateformes (pl.) : Ces graphies, puisées des Rectifications de l'orthographe recommandées par le Conseil supérieur de la langue française, sont attestées dans le Petit Robert (2004).  2, record 8, French, - plate%2Dforme%20de%20masse

Record 8,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 9,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The presence of an axial plasma jet in dynamic hohlraum experiments can affect our interpretation of the radiation temperature within the hohlraum. We expect to see a jet on PBFAZ, after the tungsten wire array implodes and strikes the inner annular foam target. If this jet is created by the radiation from the wires heating the outer edge of the foam, analytic calculations suggest it will have a negligible effect on the transmitted soft x-ray spectrum. How-ever, creation or modification of a plasma jet by accelerator prepulse, magnetohydrodynamic instabilities, or elec-trode effects could affect our analysis of the spectral data as seen through the end-on viewing aperture.  2, record 9, English, - axial%20plasma%20jet

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

Record 9,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 10,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The Photochemical Reflectance Index: An optical indicator of photosynthetic radiation use efficiency across species, functional types, and nutrient levels ...  4, record 10, English, - photochemical%20reflectance%20index

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 2 CONT

... a new suite of indices have been developed that exploits narrow band spectroradiometric data. The physiological reflectance index (PRI) introduced by Gamon et al. (1992) follows the form of equation 1 and is based on reflectances at 531 nm (band 1) and 570 nm (band 2) wavelengths. Gamon et al. (1997) renamed this the photochemical reflectance index and suggested that the index was a good predictor of photosynthetic radiation use efficiency at the leaf or canopy level, if the canopy is uniform and completely covers the soil background. The index has not shown sensitivity to nutrient stress, but it is affected by water stress with severe wilting ...  3, record 10, English, - photochemical%20reflectance%20index

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 3 CONT

Heating treatments increase aboveground net primary production(detectable via the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, a measure of green biomass) and enhance gross photosynthesis(detectable via the Photochemical Reflectance Index, a measure of xanthophyll cycle pigment activity and relative photosynthetic rate).... Heating enhanced the Photochemical Reflectance Index(PRI) slightly relative to that of controls. This enhancement was most visible near noon, and relaxed by 3 : 00 pm..., suggesting that this effect was a temporally dynamic one reflecting altered physiological activity towards midday.  5, record 10, English, - photochemical%20reflectance%20index

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Dans le but d'évaluer la possibilité de mesurer les indices de vigueur des forêts à partir de la réflectance spectrale foliaire, [...] Nous avons mesuré la réflectance des pousses des sapins baumiers de chacun des traitements en laboratoire au moyen d'un spectroradiomètre portatif dont la gamme spectrale s'étendait de 350 nm à 2 500 nm. [...] La plupart des gammes d'ondes ont révélé que les traitements avaient eu des effets marqués, et les gammes d'ondes les plus significatives se trouvaient dans la région d'absorption de la chlorophylle entre 500 nm et 740 nm. [...] Les traitements ont influé sur les indices de réflectance, qui sont définis comme le rapport et l'écart normalisé entre la gamme d'ondes la plus significative à 711 nm et la gamme d'ondes la moins significative à 913 nm (P < 0,0001).  3, record 10, French, - indice%20de%20r%C3%A9flectance

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 2 CONT

[...] nous avons montré que les variations de l'indice de réflectance PRI (physiological reflectance index) étaient liées aux mécanismes de dissipation thermique de l'excès d'énergie absorbée par la végétation et pouvaient être appliquées à la détection du stress hydrique chez la vigne.  2, record 10, French, - indice%20de%20r%C3%A9flectance

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 3 CONT

Des mesures prises au radiomètre sur les tertres de la Butte aux Pierres permettront [...] de coupler les longueurs d'ondes obtenues au sol avec celles du satellite Spot - dont nous utilisons les «images» pour repérer les tertres sablo-terreux en contexte marécageux, et ce grâce aux indices de réflectance distincts selon les qualités de terrain analysées par le biais de l'informatique.  4, record 10, French, - indice%20de%20r%C3%A9flectance

Record 10,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 11,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A sufficient number of passes(10-15) were made under the plume within relatively short time(approximately 30 minutes) to evaluate the data statistically and to remove the effect of large dynamic variations in the concentration profile with height by determination of the mean value. These data were used to determine the average mass flux during that time and to compute a measure of temporal fluctuations during this time interval by determination of the standard deviation.  1, record 11, English, - temporal%20variation

Record 11,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[...] la quantité de pluie tombée entre en ligne de compte dans l'évaluation de l'impact des variations temporelles du pH des précipitations. C'est pourquoi on a calculé, au tableau 4.4, les charges en ions hydrogène pour montrer que les charges varient également de façon appréciable au cours de la période d'étude.  1, record 11, French, - variation%20temporelle

Record 11,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 12,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A pair of parallel, equal and opposite forces applied to the same object. Dynamic torque sums the system into a zero resultant force and generally has an effect of rotation on the object.  1, record 12, English, - dynamic%20torque

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The next generation of "agile" observation satellites will probably be controlled by high dynamic torque actuators called gyrodynes. The gyrodyne uses the principle of the gyroscope to exert a force on a satellite, to change its attitude. The gyrodynes consists of a top spinning around a tilt axis.  1, record 12, English, - dynamic%20torque

Record 12,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Système de deux forces égales, parallèles, de directions opposées et appliquées à un même objet. Le couple dynamique résume le système à une force résultante nulle et possède généralement un effet de rotation sur l'objet.  2, record 12, French, - couple%20dynamique

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La prochaine génération de satellites d'observation, appelés satellites agiles, sera probablement commandée par des actionneurs à fort couple dynamique : les gyrodynes. Fonctionnant sur le principe des gyroscopes, ils peuvent agir sur les satellites et les orienter dans une attitude donnée. Les gyrodynes sont constitués d'une toupie en rotation rapide entretenue autour d'un axe propre, la commande permettant de faire tourner ce dernier autour d'un axe de précession, ou de basculement [...].  2, record 12, French, - couple%20dynamique

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Les actionneurs gyroscopiques également appelés gyrodynes (CMG : Control Moment Gyro) constituent un nouveau système d'actionneurs qui permettent de générer des couples dynamiques de commande de basculement d'attitude d'un satellite. Ces couples de nature gyroscopique sont produits par une commande des vitesses de précession d'une famille de toupies gyroscopiques montées sur le véhicule.  3, record 12, French, - couple%20dynamique

Record 12,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 13,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A mode in which the vibration amplitude of the pickoff is nulled by a signal whose amplitude is proportional to the rotation rate about the input axis.  1, record 13, English, - force%2Drebalance%20mode

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Integrated Cantilever Beam Tunneling Sensor. Our researchers have exploited the extremely sensitive quantum tunneling effect between metals to design MEMS sensors that can sense a force applied to a silicon-based, surface micromachined structure with extraordinary sensitivity and six orders of magnitude of dynamic range. The force is applied to a micromachined cantilever(one electrode) and is sensed as a result of a tunneling current produced between the cantilever and a tunneling tip(the other electrode). The sensor is operated in a force rebalance mode such that the cantilever and tip do not actually move with respect to each other but are held in a servo-locked state with the voltage required to maintain the servo-lock proportional to the force being sensed by the cantilever.  2, record 13, English, - force%2Drebalance%20mode

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Several different types of sensor devices have been designed, fabricated and demonstrated using this concept. These include extremely high dynamic range accelerometers, and high performance microgyroscopes that show the prospect of enabling very compact, inexpensive, precision inertial navigation and inertial measurement systems.  2, record 13, English, - force%2Drebalance%20mode

Record 13,  Textual support,  French

Record 13,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 14,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A branch of physical science that investigate static and dynamic physical forces and their effect on a human body which may also have neurological, muscular, and skeletal disorders.  1, record 14, English, - pathomechanics

Record 14,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Science qui étudie la complexité des relations entre les structures osseuses, neurologiques et vasculaires.  1, record 14, French, - pathom%C3%A9canique

Record 14,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 15,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[a] device meant to sustain flames under zero-gravity conditions.  1, record 15, English, - electro%2Dgas%20dynamic%20chimney

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... two scientists at Imperial College, London, have perfected a system by which a flame in a spacecraft can be safely used for cutting, welding and even cooking. The genius of their discovery is that, until now, it has been difficult to keep a flame burning in zero gravity.... Prof. Felix Weinberg and Dr Fred Carleton have built a simple machine called an "electro-gas dynamic chimney", which creates the effect of a draught that enables the flame to keep burning.  1, record 15, English, - electro%2Dgas%20dynamic%20chimney

Record 15,  Textual support,  French

Record 15,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 16,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The data provided representative details of the dynamic characteristics of drills commonly in use, and is important in assessing the effect of vibration upon people and in considering what design changes will facilitate decreased vibration levels. Test results showed that significant reductions in vibration levels can be obtained using vibration isolation systems.  1, record 16, English, - vibration%20isolation%20system

Record 16,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Ces données ont permis de représenter de façon détaillée les caractéristiques dynamiques des foreuses d'emploi courant et serviront à évaluer les effets des vibrations sur les travailleurs ainsi qu'à établir les modifications qui contribueront à réduire les niveaux de vibrations. Les résultats des essais ont montré que des réductions importantes des niveaux de vibrations peuvent être obtenus à l'aide de systèmes amortisseurs.  1, record 16, French, - syst%C3%A8me%20amortisseur

Record 16,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 17,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... Analysis of Proposed Revisions to Canadian Light Duty Motor Vehicle Emissions Standards.... The nonallocative impacts considered in the analysis were : distribution effects, effect on dynamic efficiency, effect on market structure, effect on international trade, employment and output effects, and effect on inflation.  1, record 17, English, - nonallocative%20impact

Record 17,  Textual support,  French

Record 17,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 18,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In structural engineering... it is common practice to use a force that is a certain percentage of the weight of the moving body and assume that its action on the element is equivalent to the dynamic effect.  1, record 18, English, - dynamic%20effect

Record 18,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les surcharges dynamiques sont introduites dans les calculs avec leur valeur réelle, multipliée par un coefficient tenant compte (...) des variations d'efforts et des effets dynamiques.  1, record 18, French, - effet%20dynamique

Record 18,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 19,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Liquid crystals displays are currently available in two general categories. One is dynamic scattering and the other is field effect.  1, record 19, English, - dynamic%20scattering

Record 19,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Quatre modes de fonctionnement [des cristaux liquides nématiques] ont été proposés. Ce sont (...): la diffusion dynamique, la diffusion haute fréquence, la biréfringence contrôlée et la commutation par effet de champ.  1, record 19, French, - diffusion%20dynamique

Record 19,  Textual support,  Spanish