TERMIUM Plus^®

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An additive manufacturing process in which focused thermal energy is used to fuse materials by melting as they are being deposited.  3, record 1, English, - directed%20energy%20deposition

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... additive manufacturing technologies ... Directed energy deposition can come in many forms, but they all follow a basic process. Wire or powder material is deposited into thin layers and melted using a high-energy source, such as a laser.  4, record 1, English, - directed%20energy%20deposition

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... an energy source(for example laser, electron beam or plasma arc) is focused to melt the materials being deposited.  3, record 1, English, - directed%20energy%20deposition

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directed energy deposition; DED: designations standardized by ISO.  5, record 1, English, - directed%20energy%20deposition

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

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Procédé de fabrication additive dans lequel l'énergie thermique focalisée est utilisée pour fusionner des matériaux en les fondant pendant leur dépôt.  1, record 1, French, - d%C3%A9p%C3%B4t%20de%20mati%C3%A8re%20sous%20%C3%A9nergie%20concentr%C3%A9e

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[...] une source d'énergie (par exemple, laser, faisceau d'électrons, ou arc plasma) est focalisée pour faire fondre les matériaux pendant leur dépôt.  1, record 1, French, - d%C3%A9p%C3%B4t%20de%20mati%C3%A8re%20sous%20%C3%A9nergie%20concentr%C3%A9e

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dépôt de matière sous énergie concentrée : désignation normalisée par l'ISO.  3, record 1, French, - d%C3%A9p%C3%B4t%20de%20mati%C3%A8re%20sous%20%C3%A9nergie%20concentr%C3%A9e

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

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The complete absorption of a photon by an atom with the emission of an orbital electron.  6, record 2, English, - photoelectric%20effect

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Photoelectric effect, or photoelectric absorption(PEA) is a form of interaction of X-ray or gamma photon with the matter. A low energy photon interacts with the electron in the atom and removes it from its shell.... The incident photon is completely absorbed in the process. Hence it forms one of the reason for attenuation of X-ray beam as it passes through the matter.  3, record 2, English, - photoelectric%20effect

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Hertz effect: An older term for the photoelectric effect.  5, record 2, English, - photoelectric%20effect

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photoelectric effect; photoelectric absorption: terms and definition standardized by ISO in 1997.  7, record 2, English, - photoelectric%20effect

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

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Absorption complète d'un photon par un atome, avec émission d'un électron orbital.  3, record 2, French, - effet%20photo%C3%A9lectrique

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photoélectrique : Cette graphie, puisée des Rectifications de l'orthographe recommandées par le Conseil supérieur de la langue française, est attestée dans le Petit Robert (2004).  5, record 2, French, - effet%20photo%C3%A9lectrique

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effet photoélectrique; absorption photoélectrique : termes et définition normalisés par l'ISO en 1997.  6, record 2, French, - effet%20photo%C3%A9lectrique

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Record 3,  Textual support,  English

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Scanning transmission electron microscopy(STEM) combines the principles of transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy and can be performed on either type of instrument. Like TEM [transmission electron microscopy], STEM requires very thin samples and looks primarily at beam electrons transmitted by the sample. One of its principal advantages over TEM is in enabling the use of other signals that cannot be spatially correlated in TEM, including secondary electrons, scattered beam electrons, characteristic X-rays, and electron energy loss. Like SEM [scanning electron microscopy], the STEM technique scans a very finely focused beam of electrons across the sample in a raster pattern. Interactions between the beam electrons and sample atoms generate a serial signal stream, which is correlated with beam position to build a virtual image in which the signal level at any location in the sample is represented by the gray level at the corresponding location in the image. Its primary advantage over conventional SEM imaging is the improvement in spatial resolution.  3, record 3, English, - scanning%20transmission%20electron%20microscopy

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

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Caractérisation des nanomatériaux par microscopie électronique à transmission et à balayage : résolution, analyse X, diffraction électronique, topographie et cartographie.  4, record 3, French, - microscopie%20%C3%A9lectronique%20%C3%A0%20transmission%20et%20%C3%A0%20balayage

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

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El grupo de investigación [...] ha desarrollado un nuevo método de fabricación de nanoagujas localizadas en el interior de muestras de distintos materiales, que presentan un amplio rango de aplicaciones, como la preparación de muestras para análisis por microscopía electrónica de transmisión (TEM) y transmisión-barrido (STEM), para técnicas de microscopía óptica de barrido de campo cercano, tomografía electrónica y microscopía de sonda atómica.  2, record 3, Spanish, - microscop%C3%ADa%20electr%C3%B3nica%20de%20transmisi%C3%B3n%20y%20barrido

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STEM: por su sigla en inglés (scanning transmission electron microscopy).  3, record 3, Spanish, - microscop%C3%ADa%20electr%C3%B3nica%20de%20transmisi%C3%B3n%20y%20barrido

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

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Electron Beam Therapy. Most patients are treated with x-ray beams produced by linear accelerators. These accelerators can also produce a beam of high energy electrons which penetrate into tissue to a much more limited depth than x-rays.  1, record 4, English, - electron%20beam%20therapy

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

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Traitement de radiothérapie utilisant des électrons de haute énergie.  1, record 4, French, - %C3%A9lectronoth%C3%A9rapie

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

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Radioterapia de partículas subatómicas de carga negativa, que penetran muy superficialmente y no dejan cicatriz.  1, record 4, Spanish, - radioterapia%20con%20haz%20de%20electrones

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Es un tratamiento para cáncer de piel, labios y párpados.  1, record 4, Spanish, - radioterapia%20con%20haz%20de%20electrones

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

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Method of Heating, in which the heat is generated by the impingement of an electron beam on the workpiece.  4, record 5, English, - electron%20beam%20heating

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A stream of electrons accelerated from a heated filament ... and focused into a narrow beam can be used to provide a heat source for welding.  5, record 5, English, - electron%20beam%20heating

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A type of evaporation that uses the energy of a focused electron beam to provide the required heat.  2, record 5, English, - electron%20beam%20heating

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

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Mode de chauffage, en général sous vide, qui engendre la chaleur par l'impact d'un faisceau électronique sur la pièce.  1, record 5, French, - chauffage%20par%20faisceau%20%C3%A9lectronique

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[...] utiliser un faisceau d'électrons émis par une cathode portée à incandescence dans le vide pour fondre un métal et former un cordon de soudure.  2, record 5, French, - chauffage%20par%20faisceau%20%C3%A9lectronique

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Record 6,  Textual support,  English

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A vacuum tube that converts energy by interaction of electromagnetic fields with space-charge waves of an electron beam.  2, record 6, English, - space%2Dcharge%2Dwave%20tube

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

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Tube à vide dont le fonctionnement est basé sur la conversion d'énergie par interaction de champs électromagnétiques avec les ondes de charge d'espace d'un faisceau électronique.  1, record 6, French, - tube%20%C3%A0%20onde%20de%20charge%20d%27espace

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Record 7,  Textual support,  English

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Radiation characteristics. Electromagnetic Cascade. The electron and positron beams at SLAC [campus](up to 50 GeV) are extremely relativistic(the beam energy now is about 100, 000 times the electron rest energy), so when an electron interacts in a target material, an electromagnetic cascade develops.  1, record 7, English, - electromagnetic%20cascade

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

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Les particules chargées apparaissent suite aux processus d'interaction nucléaire ou atomique : particules alpha et bêta des processus radioactifs, électron de recul de l'effet Compton ou paire électron-positron issue de la matérialisation des gamma. Ces phénomènes donnent naissance à ce que l'on appelle la cascade électromagnétique qui est une sorte de propagation en arborescence d'électrons, de positrons et de gamma.  1, record 7, French, - cascade%20%C3%A9lectromagn%C3%A9tique

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Record 8,  Textual support,  English

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Compton backscattering is a well-established method to produce high-energy photons(gamma rays) for nuclear physics experiments. Compton backscattering involves the collision of a low-energy(eV [electronvolt]) photon with a high-energy(hundreds of MeV [megaelectron volt]) electron. It is shown that the photons scattered in the direction opposite to the direction of the initial photon(backscattered) will have the energy desired for photon beam therapy.  1, record 8, English, - Compton%20backscattering

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Record 9,  Textual support,  English

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In inks this works by UV [ultraviolet], light, or electron beam radiation illuminating a printed film, and some of this energy is absorbed to drive a chemical reaction to polymerization [...] In curing by UV or light radiation, materials are added which absorb the radiation, and the energized molecule then causes a chemical reaction to start, which then drives the polymerization. These molecules are called photoinitiators. Two main groups of prepolymers materials are used today [...] Cyclic epoxides, the polymerization of which can be initiated by acids. These acids can be generated from molecules, which absorb radiation, and then break down acids. This process is called cationic curing.  2, record 9, English, - cationic%20curing

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

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Polymérisation de l'encre cationique sous rayonnement UV [ultraviolet].  1, record 9, French, - s%C3%A9chage%20cationique

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séchage cationique : terme et définition tirés du Vocabulaire de la flexographie de France Brodeur. Reproduction autorisée par l'Institut des communications graphiques du Québec.  2, record 9, French, - s%C3%A9chage%20cationique

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Record 10,  Textual support,  English

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The energy analysis of Auger electrons produced when an excited atom relaxes by a radiationless process after ionization by a high-energy electron, ion, or x-ray beam.  5, record 10, English, - Auger%20electron%20spectroscopy

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

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Effet Auger : processus d'auto-ionisation d'un atome, au cours duquel un électron excité communique à un autre électron d'une couche externe une énergie suffisante pour l'extraire de l'atome sans émission de proton (processus «non-radioactif»). Cet effet est à l'origine d'une technique de spectroscopie (spectroscopie Auger), importante pour l'étude des surfaces.  4, record 10, French, - spectroscopie%20Auger

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Record 14,  Textual support,  English

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Electron machines, such as the Radio Dynamics Inc. Dynamitron, produce a beam of high energy electrons, which are magnetically scanned and diffused in a so-called scan horn.  1, record 14, English, - electron%20machine

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Les machines à électrons, comme de Dynamitron de la société Radio Dynamics Inc., produisent un faisceau d'électrons rapides qui sont balayés et diffusés magnétiquement dans un genre de cône à balayage constant.  1, record 14, French, - machine%20%C3%A0%20%C3%A9lectrons

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Record 15,  Textual support,  English

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Electron machines, such as the Radio Dynamics Inc. Dynamitron, produce a beam of high energy electrons, which are magnetically scanned and diffused in a so-called scan horn. Since these electrons do not have the penetrating power of gamma radiation, the material to be treated must be passed in front of the horn in a thin layer, not more than 0. 4 to 1. 26 centimetres thick. These machines have a throughput of 200 to 400 tonnes per hour, which compares to handling rates of a commercial elevator.  1, record 15, English, - scan%20horn

Record 15,  Textual support,  French

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Les machines à électrons, comme le Dynamitron de la société Radio Dynamics Inc., produisent un faisceau d'électrons rapides qui sont balayés et diffusés magnétiquement dans un genre de cône à balayage constant. Etant donné que ces électrons ne pénètrent pas dans la masse avec autant d'efficacité que les rayons gamma, il faut faire passer le grain à traiter devant le cône en couches minces, pas plus de 0,4 à 1,26 centimètre d'épaisseur. Ces machines ont un débit de 200 à 400 tonnes l'heure, ce qui est comparable à la capacité de manutention d'un silo commercial.  1, record 15, French, - c%C3%B4ne%20%C3%A0%20balayage%20constant

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Record 16,  Textual support,  English

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As the electron beam produced by an accelerator or a storage ring follows a curved path through the array of permanent magnets, it transfers energy to the laser beam. The magnet array is called a wiggler because it makes the electrons wiggle back and forth as they pass through it.  3, record 16, English, - wiggler

Record 16,  Textual support,  French

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Synchrotron dans lequel les rayons X sont produits par oscillation d'un faisceau d'électrons passant dans le champ d'une structure magnétique périodique.  3, record 16, French, - onduleur

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L'énergie disponible pour enregistrer un hologramme est environ un million de fois plus grande avec un onduleur qu'avec le meilleur «laser X».  4, record 16, French, - onduleur

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Record 17,  Textual support,  English

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The Positron Microscope was designed and built to be a hybrid instrument capable of performing several types of positrons and electron microscopy. For both electrons and positrons the microscope can be run in one of two modes : magnifying mode in which particles leaving the target are focussed onto a CEMA plate assembly to form a magnified image and scanning mode in which the amplitude of a signal is recorded as a function of the position(and possibly energy) of the incident beam. As an electron microscope the instrument will be able to operate in both magnifying and scanning(SEM) modes. As a positron microscope, however, source considerations will limit its immediate use to magnifying mode, i. e. positron reemission microscopy.  2, record 17, English, - positron%20microscope

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De même dans le microscope «positonique», l'image sera formée grâce aux positions qui traversent la matière sans être diffusés par les atomes.  2, record 17, French, - microscope%20positonique

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Record 18,  Textual support,  English

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Electron beam and laser are high energy beam welding processes. Their focused and concentrated beams are capable of outputs equivalent to millions of watts per square inch.... we can identify electron beam and laser as energy processes which generate or create heat at and in the weld joint by conversion of beam energy to thermal energy.  2, record 18, English, - high%20energy%20beam%20welding

Record 18,  Textual support,  French

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Effet thermique : il produit le cycle échauffement/fusion/refroidissement et s'exerce essentiellement sous deux formes : - celle d'une source extérieure de chaleur transférée aux parties à souder et généralement ponctuelle et mobile; c'est le cas des procédés suivants, appelés également procédés par fusion : le soudage au chalumeau [,] le soudage à l'arc électrique [,] le soudage par faisceau haute énergie - celle d'une source de chaleur engendrée dans la matière elle-même, soit dans le plan de joint, soit de façon diffuse et qu'il convient de localiser. Cette source est fixe dans l'espace et il lui est associé l'effet mécanique évoqué ci-après.  1, record 18, French, - soudage%20par%20faisceau%20%C3%A0%20haute%20%C3%A9nergie

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Record 19,  Textual support,  English

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A substance, either organic or inorganic, liquid or crystals, that is capable of luminescence, that is, of absorbing energy from sources such as X-rays, cathode rays, UV radiations, alpha particles and emitting a portion of the energy in the UV, visible or infrared ...  4, record 19, English, - phosphor

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phosphore: Any of various phosphorescent or fluorescent materials (as zinc sulfide activated with silver or copper or zinc silicate activated with manganese) that may occur as minerals (as wurtzite or willemite) but are now usually produced synthetically.  5, record 19, English, - phosphor

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The phosphor may be considered as the transducer that converts the electron beam energy into light energy. Phosphors are rather complex compounds that luminesce when certain types of energy are applied to them. This phenomenon is termed cathodoluminescence when the electron beam is the source of the energy.  6, record 19, English, - phosphor

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Used chiefly in fluorescent lamps, in cathode-ray tubes (as for television and radar), in instruments for detecting various radiation, and in luminous paints and inks.  5, record 19, English, - phosphor

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When the emission of the substance ceases immediately or in the order of 10^{minus 8} second after excitation, the material is said to be fluorescent. Material that continues to emit light for a period after the removal of the exciting energy is said to be phosphorescent.  4, record 19, English, - phosphor

Record 19,  Textual support,  French

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[...] molécule capable d'émettre de la lumière sous l'effet d'une excitation appropriée. Il s'agit de fluorescence lorsque l'énergie d'excitation est d'origine lumineuse, chimiluminescence lorsque l'énergie d'excitation est d'origine chimique, et de bioluminescence si un système enzymatique intervient dans la réaction chimique d'excitation.  3, record 19, French, - luminophore

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Substance luminescente constituant l'écran des systèmes d'examen aux rayons X et de certains tubes cathodiques.  4, record 19, French, - luminophore

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[...] la plus grande partie des téléviseurs couleur [...] utilisent un transducteur courant-lumière fondé sur l'emploi de luminophores bombardés par un faisceau électronique. [...] Les luminophores sont des sulfures, des silicates et des phosphates de zinc, de cadmium et de magnésium dopés par des impuretés. [...] ces cristaux sont bombardés [...] par un faisceau d'électrons [...] [et il s'ensuit] un rayonnement lumineux.  5, record 19, French, - luminophore

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luminophore : Recommandation officielle pour «phosphore».  4, record 19, French, - luminophore

Record 19,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 20,  Textual support,  English

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[In in situ microanalysis], number of back scattered electrons(BSEs) generated per primary electron for a given specimen and experimental condition. It depends on(mean) atomic number of the excited area of the sample, angle between electron beam and sample surface, primary electron energy and thickness of the sample.  1, record 20, English, - back%20scatter%20coefficient

Record 20,  Textual support,  French

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[En microanalyses in situ], [...] le nombre d'électrons rétrodiffusés engendrés par électron primaire, pour un échantillon et des conditions expérimentales données. Il dépend du numéro atomique (moyen) de la surface excitée de l'échantillon, de l'angle entre le faisceau d'électrons et la surface de l'échantillon, de l'énergie de l'électron primaire et de l'épaisseur de l'échantillon.  1, record 20, French, - coefficient%20de%20r%C3%A9trodiffusion

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Record 21,  Textual support,  English

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Methods of ion production. For analysis of organic compounds the principal methods are electron impact, chemical ionization, field ionization and field desorption. Electron impact. When a gaseous sample of a molecular compound is ionized with a beam of energetic... electrons, part of the energy is transferred to the ion formed by the collision....  1, record 21, English, - electron%20impact

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Examples of ion sources utilizing this concept are the duoplasmatron and the Penning ion source.  1, record 21, English, - electron%20impact

Record 21,  Textual support,  French

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Ionisation par bombardement électronique (...) L'échantillon, en phase vapeur et sous faible pression (...) est bombardé par un faisceau d'électrons (...) émis par un filament de tungstène ou de rhénium (...) La plus grande partie des ions formés sont chargés positivement (...) La notation M[exposant]+. signifie que l'on obtient un ion moléculaire radicalaire (...) à partir de la molécule M.  1, record 21, French, - bombardement%20%C3%A9lectronique

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Record 22,  Textual support,  English

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Laser : An active electron device that converts input power into a very narrow, intense beam of coherent visible or infrared light; the input power excites the atoms of an optical resonator to a higher energy level, and the resonator forces the excited atoms to radiate in phase. Derived from light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation.  2, record 22, English, - heat%20laser

Record 22,  Textual support,  French

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L'irradiation laser sur les milieux biologiques a deux conséquences : des effets thermiques (une très forte chaleur est dégagée au point d'impact), les mieux connus, et des effets non thermiques encore imparfaitement connus. D'une façon générale, ce sont les premiers qui sont employés en médecine.  2, record 22, French, - laser%20%C3%A0%20effet%20thermique

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Il semble qu'à côté de l'effet purement thermique du laser, des effets peuvent se manifester sur les grosses molécules et les enzymes de la matière vivante (effets chimiques).  3, record 22, French, - laser%20%C3%A0%20effet%20thermique

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Record 23,  Textual support,  English

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Absorption-Absorption of energy from a beam of particles can occur by the ionization process, where an electron in the medium through which the beam passes is removed by the beam particles. The finite range of protons and [alpha] particles in matter is a result of this process.  1, record 23, English, - absorb%20energy

Record 23,  Textual support,  French

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Absorption - Le nom d'absorption indique normalement deux phénomènes essentiellement différents: l'absorption de la matière dans la matière (c'est-à-dire la capacité propre à certaines substances de retenir d'autres substances) et l'absorption d'énergie dans la matière (la capacité propre aux milieux matériels de soustraire une partie de l'énergie des radiations électromagnétiques ou corpusculaires, ou des vibrations mécaniques).  2, record 23, French, - absorber%20de%20l%27%C3%A9nergie

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