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Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Scanning transmission electron microscopy(STEM) combines the principles of transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy and can be performed on either type of instrument. Like TEM [transmission electron microscopy], STEM requires very thin samples and looks primarily at beam electrons transmitted by the sample. One of its principal advantages over TEM is in enabling the use of other signals that cannot be spatially correlated in TEM, including secondary electrons, scattered beam electrons, characteristic X-rays, and electron energy loss. Like SEM [scanning electron microscopy], the STEM technique scans a very finely focused beam of electrons across the sample in a raster pattern. Interactions between the beam electrons and sample atoms generate a serial signal stream, which is correlated with beam position to build a virtual image in which the signal level at any location in the sample is represented by the gray level at the corresponding location in the image. Its primary advantage over conventional SEM imaging is the improvement in spatial resolution.  3, record 1, English, - scanning%20transmission%20electron%20microscopy

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Caractérisation des nanomatériaux par microscopie électronique à transmission et à balayage : résolution, analyse X, diffraction électronique, topographie et cartographie.  4, record 1, French, - microscopie%20%C3%A9lectronique%20%C3%A0%20transmission%20et%20%C3%A0%20balayage

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

El grupo de investigación [...] ha desarrollado un nuevo método de fabricación de nanoagujas localizadas en el interior de muestras de distintos materiales, que presentan un amplio rango de aplicaciones, como la preparación de muestras para análisis por microscopía electrónica de transmisión (TEM) y transmisión-barrido (STEM), para técnicas de microscopía óptica de barrido de campo cercano, tomografía electrónica y microscopía de sonda atómica.  2, record 1, Spanish, - microscop%C3%ADa%20electr%C3%B3nica%20de%20transmisi%C3%B3n%20y%20barrido

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

STEM: por su sigla en inglés (scanning transmission electron microscopy).  3, record 1, Spanish, - microscop%C3%ADa%20electr%C3%B3nica%20de%20transmisi%C3%B3n%20y%20barrido

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

deflection plates : Two pairs of parallel electrodes, the pairs set one forward of the other and at right angles to each other, parallel to the axis of the electron stream within an electrostatic cathode ray tube.  1, record 2, English, - deflection%20plate

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

deflector plate; deflecting electrode: Only the plural forms of these terms (deflector plates and deflecting electrodes) have been officially approved by the Electronics and Telecommunications Terminology Committee.  3, record 2, English, - deflection%20plate

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le pinceau d'électrons [...] passe entre deux paires de plaques de déviation, les premières sont horizontales, elles permettent la déviation verticale du spot, les autres sont verticales, elles provoquent sa déviation horizontale.  3, record 2, French, - plaque%20de%20d%C3%A9viation

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

plaque de déviation; électrode de déviation : Seuls les termes au pluriel (plaques de déviation et électrodes de déviation) ont été uniformisés par le Comité d'uniformisation des termes de l'électronique et des télécommunications (CUTEL).  4, record 2, French, - plaque%20de%20d%C3%A9viation

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Juego de dos placas paralelas dispuestas horizontalmente y de otras dos verticales que, montadas en el interior del cuello de un oscilógrafo catódico, representan el mismo papel que las bobinas deflectoras.  3, record 2, Spanish, - electrodo%20de%20desviaci%C3%B3n

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The flow of electrons from cathode to anode of a velocity-modulated tube as a succession of electron groups rather than as a continuous stream.  2, record 3, English, - bunching

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

bunching: term officially approved by the Electronics and Telecommunications Terminology Committee.  3, record 3, English, - bunching

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

groupement : terme uniformisé par le Comité d’uniformisation des termes de l’électronique et des télécommunications (CUTEL).  2, record 3, French, - groupement

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

An X-ray tube... in which the electron stream is derived from a heated cathode by thermionic emission(as distinct from tubes using ionic bombardment of a cold cathode) and focused on the target by a metal cylinder surrounding the cathode.  1, record 4, English, - Coolidge%20tube

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Tube générateur de rayons X.  3, record 4, French, - tube%20de%20Coolidge

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le successeur du tube de Crookes a été le tube de Coolidge. C'est un tube dans lequel on établit un vide aussi poussé que possible. Les électrons sont émis par une cathode formée d'un filament de tungstène et la différence de potentiel peut atteindre plusieurs milliers de kilovolts. Comme il n'y a plus de gaz dont l'ionisation puisse amener des centres positifs sur la paroi, toute l'ampoule est au potentiel de la cathode : c'est le col de l'anticathode qui supporte la différence de potentiel et doit être particulièrement allongé. De plus, la suppression du bombardement électronique des parois supprime leur fluorescence.  4, record 4, French, - tube%20de%20Coolidge

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

An early form of low-pressure discharge tube whose cathode was a flat aluminum disk at one end of the tube, and whose anode was a wire at one side of the tube, outside the electron stream.  1, record 5, English, - Crookes%20tube

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

[The Crookes tube is] used to study cathode rays.  1, record 5, English, - Crookes%20tube

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Tube à rayons X, utilisé dans les premières décennies de la radiologie, contenant un gaz raréfié (habituellement de l'air).  1, record 5, French, - tube%20de%20Crookes

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Ce type de tube fut inventé par William Crookes. Le gaz était ionisé sous l'action de la différence de potentiel établie entre une anode et une cathode. Les ions positifs, accélérés vers la cathode y provoquait l'éjection d'électrons qui se précipitaient sur une anticathode, au même potentiel positif que l'anode, où ils provoquaient l'émission de rayons X; cette émission instable et difficilement réglable l'a fait abandonner à l'apparition du tube Coolidge.  1, record 5, French, - tube%20de%20Crookes

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The focusing cup is designed so that its electrical forces cause the electron stream to converge onto the target anode in the required size and shape.  1, record 6, English, - focusing%20cup

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The focusing cup is usually made of molybdenum.  1, record 6, English, - focusing%20cup

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Cupule métallique dans laquelle est fixée la cathode incandescente d'un tube à rayon X, et destiné à concentrer électrostatiquement le faisceau d'électrons sur le foyer de l'anode.  1, record 6, French, - cupule%20de%20concentration

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The focusing cup is designed so that its electrical forces cause the electron stream to converge onto the target anode in the required size and shape.  1, record 7, English, - focusing%20cup

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The focusing cup is usually made of molybdenum.  1, record 7, English, - focusing%20cup

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'ensemble cathode et anticathode est placé dans une ampoule de verre où sont soudés les électrodes. Le filament de tungstène est entouré d'une cupule de concentration [...] qui permet de diriger les électrons émis sur une petite surface de l'anticathode.  1, record 7, French, - cupule%20de%20concentration

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 8,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Coils placed around the neck of a cathode ray tube to deflect the electron stream. The magnetic field created by the flow of current through the deflection coils causes the electron to deviate from its normal path.  2, record 8, English, - deflection%20yoke

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Two pairs of deflection coils, called deflection yokes, mounted externally around the neck of the picture tube produce the horizontal and vertical deflection of the beam.  3, record 8, English, - deflection%20yoke

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Assure le balayage par déviation du faisceau [...] par le contrôle du champ magnétique créé par des bobines.  3, record 8, French, - bloc%20de%20d%C3%A9viation

Record 8,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 DEF

En los tubos de rayos catódicos, es un conjunto de bobinas, colocado en el cuello del tubo para causar la desviación del haz electrónico; puede consistir en dos juegos de bobinas, uno para la desviación horizontal y otro para la vertical.  1, record 8, Spanish, - yugo%20de%20desv%C3%ADo

Record 9,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A crossed-field oscillator tube in which an electron stream interacts with a backward wave on the nonreentrant circuit.  6, record 9, English, - backward%20wave%20oscillator

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Backward-wave oscillator: An amplifying device with a wide tuning range in which an electron gun sends a beam of electrons into a slow-wave structure. The electron beam and the electromagnetic wave move in opposite directions and the output power is extracted near the electron gun. Also called a carcinotron.  3, record 9, English, - backward%20wave%20oscillator

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

Record 9,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 10,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A power amplifier in which the electron stream is concentrated to form a virtual suppressor.  1, record 10, English, - beam%20power%20tube

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 OBS

les triodes, les tétrodes et les -- sont extrêmement efficaces dans les systèmes à moyenne largeur de bande fonctionnant dans les gammes d'ondes électroniques et au-dessous. [trad]  1, record 10, French, - tube%20de%20puissance%20%C3%A0%20faisceau%20%C3%A9lectronique

Record 10,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 11,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Thermionic or Electron Impact Detector. In 1957, Ryce and Bryce described a sensitive ionization gauge based on the ionization potentials of vapors. It comprised a filament, a grid, and a plate. The potential difference between the filament and grid accelerated electrons which may ionize any gas in their path. If the grid potential is maintained at a level insufficient to ionize the helium carrier gas... no current flows in the plate circuit. If a potential difference of 18 V is maintained between the filament and the grid, compounds of lower ionization potential in the helium will be ionized and the positive ions produced will yield a cathode current, the current noted being a measure of the ion concentration. Into the modified ionizing chamber, operated at reduced pressure, a small fraction of the column effluent gas stream(less than 0. 5%) was allowed to flow into the gauge through a controlled leak. Over a 0. 02-l. 5 mm Hg pressure range, the sensitivity was approximately proportional to the pressure, and sensitivities in the range of 10[ minus superscript 12] mole were claimed.  1, record 11, English, - electron%20impact%20detector

Record 11,  Textual support,  French

Record 11,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 12,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Lovelock developed a small detector intended for use with open tubular columns, and a new triode detector having a sensitivity 1000 times greater than his original detector... The triode detector... incorporates a ring electrode, in addition to the normal anode and cathode electrodes, which separates the background current(positive ions liberated by vapor/metastable argon reactions or collisions) of the primary electron stream from the signal current. Basically, both detectors are similar to the simple device in design : their brass or stainless steel chambers function as cathodes; their anodes of the same material are supported coaxially within the chamber by a polytetrafluoroethylene insulator; both contain ports for introduction and escape of the chromatographic column gas effluent from the detectors; and each have a suitable source of alpha or beta radiation.  1, record 12, English, - triode%20detector

Record 12,  Textual support,  French

Record 12,  Textual support,  Spanish