TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A community space where people can donate or take food free of charge, including local products, in order to reduce food waste and support food security.  2, record 1, English, - food%20sharing%20stand

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Lieu communautaire où les personnes peuvent déposer ou prendre gratuitement des aliments, notamment des produits locaux, afin de réduire le gaspillage et soutenir la sécurité alimentaire.  2, record 1, French, - kiosque%20de%20partage%20de%20nourriture

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

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Among the claims that can be used on food and dietary supplement labels are three categories of claims that are defined by statute and/or FDA [Food and Drug Administration] regulations : health claims, nutrient content claims, and structure/function claims.  1, record 2, English, - claim

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[...] message ou [...] représentation qui affirme, suggère ou implique qu'une denrée alimentaire possède des caractéristiques particulières.  1, record 2, French, - all%C3%A9gation

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Les allégations peuvent par exemple porter sur la présence ou l'absence de certains composants ou sur les qualités gustatives ou environnementales du produit.  1, record 2, French, - all%C3%A9gation

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The Yale Food Addiction Scale(YFAS) measures remain the most common empirical approach for operationalizing UPF addiction.... the YFAS(YFAS 2. 0) parallels the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders(5th edition; DSM-5) approach for diagnosing SUDs [substance-use disorders]. Specifically, individuals can meet for UPF addiction by endorsing at least two of the 11 symptoms of SUDs with respect to their intake of UPFs(e. g., use despite negative consequences, persistent unsuccessful attempts to cut down, withdrawal), plus clinically significant impairment(e. g., interference with role obligations) or psychological distress.  6, record 3, English, - ultra%2Dprocessed%20food%20addiction

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

ultra-processed; ultraprocessed; highly processed: Being, consisting of, or relating to a food product whose form and substance have gone through multiple processes of modification along with the addition of such ingredients as sugars, salt, fats, and artificial preservatives, colors, or flavors.  7, record 3, English, - ultra%2Dprocessed%20food%20addiction

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 2 OBS

addiction: The word "addiction" is sometimes considered stigmatizing.  8, record 3, English, - ultra%2Dprocessed%20food%20addiction

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

D'après une étude [...], les produits alimentaires hautement transformés sont capables de susciter une dépendance au même titre que la nicotine, la cocaïne ou l'héroïne [...] Cette enquête a impliqué l'examen de 281 études menées dans 36 pays distincts, et les résultats indiquent qu'environ 14 % des adultes présentent une dépendance aux aliments hautement transformés.  3, record 3, French, - d%C3%A9pendance%20aux%20aliments%20ultratransform%C3%A9s

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

aliment ultratransformé : Plat, collation ou boisson issus de l'industrie agroalimentaire, dont le processus de fabrication, en plusieurs étapes, comprend l'ajout de plus de cinq ingrédients, additifs et/ou composés chimiquement modifiés.  6, record 3, French, - d%C3%A9pendance%20aux%20aliments%20ultratransform%C3%A9s

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 2 OBS

addiction aux aliments ultratransformés; addiction aux aliments ultra-transformés : Au Québec, l'emploi du mot «addiction» est critiqué comme synonyme non standard de «dépendance», mais son emploi est accepté ailleurs dans la francophonie. Il peut également être parfois considéré comme stigmatisant.  7, record 3, French, - d%C3%A9pendance%20aux%20aliments%20ultratransform%C3%A9s

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The stomach is a J-shaped organ that digests food. It produces enzymes(substances that create chemical reactions) and acids(digestive juices). This mix of enzymes and digestive juices breaks down food so it can pass to [the] small intestine.... [The] stomach sits in [the] upper abdomen on the left side of [the] body. The top of [the] stomach connects to a valve called the esophageal sphincter(a muscle at the end of [the] esophagus). The bottom of [the] stomach connects to [the] small intestine.  2, record 4, English, - stomach

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

stomach; gaster: designations found in the Terminologia Anatomica.  3, record 4, English, - stomach

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Partie du tube digestif située au-dessous du diaphragme, entre l'œsophage et le duodénum, où sont stockés, brassés, prédigérés et stérilisés les aliments avant qu'ils ne soient envoyés dans l'intestin pour y être absorbés.  2, record 4, French, - estomac

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

estomac : désignation dérivée de la Terminologia Anatomica.  3, record 4, French, - estomac

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gaster : désignation tirée de la Terminologia Anatomica.  3, record 4, French, - estomac

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Órgano en forma de saco situado en la parte superior del abdomen, entre el esófago y el intestino delgado.  2, record 4, Spanish, - est%C3%B3mago

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Los movimientos del estómago y los jugos gástricos que éste segrega preparan la comida para su posterior digestión y absorción en el intestino.  2, record 4, Spanish, - est%C3%B3mago

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

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Food addiction involves impaired control over how much, how often or what types of foods you eat. A person struggling with food addiction overeats certain foods because they activate the reward center of the brain. Over time, a person can develop a tolerance to these foods and need to eat more to feel the same effects.  4, record 5, English, - food%20addiction

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

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La dépendance alimentaire, c'est la perte de contrôle sur ce qu'on mange, peu importe la quantité et le type d'aliments. C'est aussi jumelé à l'impression de ne pas pouvoir s'arrêter. Lorsque la compulsion est fréquente et qu'elle génère de la détresse, elle peut évoluer vers un trouble alimentaire.  3, record 5, French, - d%C3%A9pendance%20alimentaire

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

addiction alimentaire; addiction à la nourriture : Au Québec, l'emploi de «addiction» est critiqué comme synonyme non standard de «dépendance», mais son emploi est accepté ailleurs dans la francophonie.  4, record 5, French, - d%C3%A9pendance%20alimentaire

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Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... agricultural technicians assist in agriculture and food science to ensure food quality and agricultural products. They can perform a wide range of duties depending on the specific field they choose to make their specialization. These duties can vary from working in a laboratory performing and recording tests, to performing more agricultural duties.  3, record 6, English, - agricultural%20technician

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Under inhumane conditions, one can hardly be surprised if a suspect confesses purely out of a desire to escape those conditions. Such a confession is not voluntary.... Without trying to indicate all the factors that can create an atmosphere of oppression, such factors include depriving the suspect of food, clothing, water, sleep, or medical attention; denying access to counsel; and excessively aggressive, intimidating questioning for a prolonged period of time.  1, record 7, English, - atmosphere%20of%20oppression

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Mise en place afin de briser les résistances de l'accusé, l'instauration d'un climat d'oppression est à l'origine de plusieurs fausses confessions. Parmi les facteurs les plus souvent cités, mentionnons l'intoxication de l'accusé, son mauvais état de santé, sa fragilité psychologique, la privation de sommeil, de vêtements chauds, d'eau et de nourriture, l'absence de soins médicaux et le déni systématique de son droit de garder le silence.  1, record 7, French, - climat%20d%27oppression

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 8,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In our recent ethnographic explorations we work with people who have moved from non-rural contexts to the countryside for ideological and/or practical reasons to implement the peasant lifestyle and economy... We use the concept of "neo-peasants" to define this group. Many of neo-peasants believe that a sustainable lifestyle can only be implemented in the countryside, and that cities are by definition unsustainable. They mainly originate from movements that call for self-management, direct democracy, responsible consumption, food sovereignty, autonomy, and degrowth.  1, record 8, English, - neo%2Dpeasant

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[...] certains ont fait le choix de changer de vie pour se consacrer à une agriculture agroécologique (agriculture biologique, de conservation, biodynamisme, en accord avec les principes de la permaculture, etc. ...). Nous les appelons les «néopaysan.nes». Ils choisissent l'agroécologie comme une route alternative pour rentrer dans le circuit de l'alimentation et promouvoir aussi bien la durabilité sociale qu'environnementale.  2, record 8, French, - n%C3%A9opaysan

Record 8,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 9,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... the Taiwan Food and Drug Administration(TFDA) designed a pathway to EUA [emergency use authorization] for all local vaccine candidates [against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2] based on immunobridging, which compares the immune response of a vaccine candidate with an approved vaccine... It is assumed that a part of the immune response—such as binding or neutralizing antibodies—will correlate with other important components of the immune response... In the absence of efficacy data, immunobridging can be adopted as an approach to infer the likelihood of a vaccine's protective effect by translating immunogenicity to vaccine efficacy. The inference is based on the comparison of immunogenicity of a new vaccine with a comparator vaccine with an established protective effect...  2, record 9, English, - immunobridging

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Procédure de mise au point d'un vaccin qui est fondée sur l'évaluation de la production d'anticorps.  2, record 9, French, - %C3%A9valuation%20immunologique

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évaluation immunologique : désignation et définition publiées au Journal officiel de la République française le 19 juin 2024.  3, record 9, French, - %C3%A9valuation%20immunologique

Record 9,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 10,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Sustainable food products include those made from upcycled ingredients, using minimal packaging and sourced from local, sustainable farms – and all of those start with the product development team. Consumers are becoming increasingly aware of the effects of their food choices and are looking for products that align with their values. By incorporating sustainable practices into their product development process, companies can develop products that are not only environmentally and socially responsible but also meet the needs and preferences of consumers increasingly seeking sustainable options.  3, record 10, English, - sustainable%20food%20product

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Acheter des produits alimentaires écoresponsables, [soit des] produits présentant un critère de développement durable parmi les suivants : biologique; équitable; produit certifié bien-être animal; produits provenant de fermes non conventionnelles, pêcheries durables, végétarien complet (faible en CO2), local.  3, record 10, French, - produit%20alimentaire%20%C3%A9coresponsable

Record 10,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 11,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 OBS

C. jejuni is the most common type of campylobacter bacteria involved in human illness. People who eat food contaminated by C. jejuni bacteria can become ill with campylobacteriosis.  1, record 11, English, - Campylobacter%20jejuni

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Campylobacter jejuni: There is no common name for this species of bacteria.  2, record 11, English, - Campylobacter%20jejuni

Record 11,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 OBS

C. jejuni est le type de campylobactérie qui touche le plus souvent l'humain. Quand ils consomment des aliments infectés par C. jejuni, les humains peuvent contracter une maladie appelée campylobactériose.  1, record 11, French, - Campylobacter%20jejuni

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Campylobacter jejuni : Il n'y a pas de nom vernaculaire pour cette espèce de bactérie.  2, record 11, French, - Campylobacter%20jejuni

Record 11,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 12,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Agri-food products can be defined as outputs from primary food production systems such as agriculture, forestry, fishing, and aquaculture(e. g., crops, meat, seafood) that can be raw or include some level of processing/value adding(e. g., slaughter).  3, record 12, English, - agri%2Dfood%20product

Record 12,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les produits agroalimentaires peuvent être des aliments transformés, tels que les conserves, les jus de fruits, les produits de boulangerie, les produits laitiers transformés, les viandes transformées, etc.  2, record 12, French, - produit%20agroalimentaire

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 OBS

agroalimentaire : Cette graphie, puisée des Rectifications de l'orthographe recommandées par le Conseil supérieur de la langue française, est attestée dans le Petit Robert (2011).  3, record 12, French, - produit%20agroalimentaire

Record 12,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 13,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The enclosure of food products in a wrapped pouch, bag, box, tray, can, bottle or any other packaging material with the functions of containment, protection, preservation, communication, utility and performance.  2, record 13, English, - food%20packaging

Record 13,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les emballages alimentaires doivent répondre à des exigences de plus en plus nombreuses. Nous veillons à ce que l'emballage des aliments permette aux produits frais de respirer, mais aussi à ce qu'ils ne soient pas endommagés pendant le transport.  2, record 13, French, - emballage%20alimentaire

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Record 14,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Zenker's diverticulum develops when the muscle between the throat and esophagus, known as the cricopharyngeus muscle, over-tightens, causing the throat above it to pouch out. Overtime, the pouch can enlarge as the muscles below it tighten excessively. Food can catch in this pouch or it can cause an obstruction. It can also make it difficult to take medications – particularly pills, which could get caught.  2, record 14, English, - Zenker%27s%20diverticulum

Record 14,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le diverticule pharyngo-œsophagien ou diverticule de Zenker est un diverticule situé entre le pharynx et l'œsophage, faisant hernie au niveau de la partie basse et interne du cou, et dont l'évolution en l'absence de traitement peut conduire à des troubles de la déglutition avec risque de fausses routes et d'inhalation pulmonaire, de dyspnée et de dysphonie.  1, record 14, French, - diverticule%20de%20Zenker

Record 14,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 15,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Psychological dependence can be described as a compulsion or a craving to continue to take the substance because of the need for stimulation, or because it relieves anxiety or depression. Psychological dependence is recognized as the most widespread and the most important form of dependence. This kind of dependence is not only attributed to the use of psychoactive drugs, but also to food, sex, gambling, relationships or physical activities.  7, record 15, English, - psychological%20dependence

Record 15,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La dépendance psychique est une tendance à consommer la substance en cause soit parce qu'elle produit un effet agréable, soit parce qu'elle soulage un trouble tel que l'anxiété.  4, record 15, French, - d%C3%A9pendance%20psychologique

Record 15,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Deseo -en ocasiones inmediato y compulsivo- de repetir la administración de una droga para obtener la vivencia de efectos agradables y placenteros.  1, record 15, Spanish, - dependencia%20ps%C3%ADquica

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 OBS

dependencia psicológica: Algunos expertos arguyen que "dependencia psicológica" significa dependencia a la psicoterapia, por ejemplo, y no hace referencia a la dependencia del efecto que produce la habituación a una sustancia adictiva.  2, record 15, Spanish, - dependencia%20ps%C3%ADquica

Record 16,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Intense sweeteners are many times sweeter than sugar which means they can be used in much smaller amounts. They are classed as food additives and added to foods to replace sugar to provide low or lower energy/kilojoule foods or foods that are reduced in sugar or sugar-free. Some intense sweeteners occur naturally in some plants and can be extracted to produce a highly concentrated extract. Examples are steviol glycosides extracted from the South American plant "Stevia rebaudiana" Bertoni(stevia) and monk fruit extract(also called luo han guo extract) which is derived from the fruit of a perennial vine native to southern China.  3, record 16, English, - intense%20sweetener

Record 16,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les édulcorants intenses. Aspartame, extraits de stévia (glycosides de stéviol), sucralose, acésulfame K,… Les édulcorants intenses sont des additifs alimentaires utilisés pour donner une saveur sucrée aux aliments.  2, record 16, French, - %C3%A9dulcorant%20intense

Record 16,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 17,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Emotional eating is a coping mechanism that some people use to soothe stress, fear, anger, boredom and loneliness.... If you’re an emotional eater, you’ve likely learned that relief from food doesn’t last long. This habit can cause weight gain over time, especially if your go-to foods are high in calories, sugar and fat—and they usually are.  1, record 17, English, - emotional%20eater

Record 17,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[...] les mangeurs émotionnels seraient plus susceptibles d'avoir des maladies cardiovasculaires. Ils seraient notamment plus exposés au risque de dysfonction diastolique.  1, record 17, French, - mangeur%20%C3%A9motionnel

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Record 18,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The hot-fill process consists of heating the food product to an adequate temperature to destroy the yeast, mold, and limited types of bacteria that can grow in the food, and then holding the food at that temperature for an adequate amount of time to destroy these microorganisms.... The hot product is then filled directly into the container or package.... The hot product sterilizes the package.  3, record 18, English, - hot%2Dfill%20process

Record 18,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Procédé de conservation des produits alimentaires selon lequel le contenu d'un emballage est porté à température de pasteurisation ou de stérilisation avant le remplissage, ce qui permet de stériliser également l'emballage lui-même.  3, record 18, French, - remplissage%20%C3%A0%20chaud

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Traitement suffisant pour assurer la conservation des liquides ou des semi-liquides acides.  4, record 18, French, - remplissage%20%C3%A0%20chaud

Record 18,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La firma ha instalado más de 1000 máquinas de envasado en caliente en todo el mundo.  1, record 18, Spanish, - envasado%20en%20caliente

Record 19,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Energy expenditure is essentially calories burned(thermogenesis : generation of heat) and is quantified as metabolic rate... Over the course of a 24-hour day, total daily energy expenditure can be divided into three components : 1) resting metabolic rate(RMR), 2) thermic effect of food(TEF), and 3) physical activity.  4, record 19, English, - total%20daily%20energy%20expenditure

Record 19,  Textual support,  French

Record 19,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 20,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Regardless of the approach, establishing a small team of representatives from the main government agencies responsible for food control(e. g. food safety agencies, relevant units in agricultural/health ministries, standard organizations, food inspectorates, laboratories, etc.) can provide practical support for information collection and analysis.  2, record 20, English, - food%20inspectorate

Record 20,  Textual support,  French

Record 20,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 21,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[The process of] mixing together of two or more ingredients (of which at least one is a drug or pharmacologically active component) to create a final product in an appropriate form for dosing.  7, record 21, English, - compounding

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Compounding can use [drug products approved by the Food and Drug Administration(FDA) ] as a starting point, and alter them in some way, such as combining or diluting them. Compounding can also start with bulk substances(active pharmaceutical ingredients [APIs]) and combine them with excipients(inactive ingredients) to produce the final compounded preparation.  2, record 21, English, - compounding

Record 21,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[Processus qui consiste à mélanger] deux ingrédients ou plus (dont au moins un ingrédient est une drogue ou une composante pharmacologique active) pour créer un produit final sous forme dosifiée appropriée.  3, record 21, French, - pr%C3%A9paration%20magistrale

Record 21,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 22,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... vegetarians construct diets that avoid certain kinds of food. The limitations vegetarians place on themselves can be classified by seven categories of food : red meat, poultry, seafood, eggs, dairy products, root and leaf vegetables, and fruits/nuts/grains.... the strictest form of vegetarian, the fruitarian, abstains from all but one of the seven categories of food—the fruit of plants. This means that they can eat fruit vegetables, such as peppers and cucumbers, as well as nuts and some grains. The aim is to avoid injury to either animals or plants... Moreover, the fruit is preferably consumed in a raw, uncooked state...  2, record 22, English, - fruitarian

Record 22,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Celui qui ne mange que des fruits.  2, record 22, French, - fruitarien

Record 22,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 23,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A nutrition transition describes dietary and nutritional changes driven by economic, social, and demographic shifts... The most common contemporary nutrition transition is from a diet of relatively diverse low-fat, low-salt, high-fiber foods acquired via physically intensive labor to a low-diversity, low-fiber diet of refined and processed foods high in calories, fat, salt, cholesterol, and sugar. In early transitional stages these changes can improve food security and health, but they have also been linked to the increase in chronic noninfectious diseases [e. g., obesity, atherosclerosis, type 2 diabetes(T2D) ]...  2, record 23, English, - nutrition%20transition

Record 23,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le concept de transition nutritionnelle [...] vise à améliorer notre compréhension des causes et des conséquences des changements de régime alimentaire qui accompagnent la croissance économique.  2, record 23, French, - transition%20nutritionnelle

Record 23,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 24,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 CONT

After moving and hiding for several days, usually three or four, you or the movement team will have to move into a hole-up area. This is an area where you can rest, recuperate, and get and prepare food.  1, record 24, English, - hole%2Dup%20area

Record 24,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Après s'être déplacé et s'être caché durant plusieurs jours, généralement trois ou quatre, le soldat ou l'équipe de mouvement devra s'installer dans un gîte, c'est-à-dire un endroit où l'on peut se reposer, recouvrer ses forces, trouver de la nourriture et la préparer.  1, record 24, French, - g%C3%AEte

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Record 25,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Water rights include not only the right to water, but also the right to have access to water sources where people [can] fish for food.  1, record 25, English, - water%20rights

Record 25,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Les droits relatifs à l'eau englobent non seulement le droit à l'eau, mais également le droit d'avoir accès à des sources d'eau où il est possible de pêcher à des fins alimentaires.  1, record 25, French, - droits%20relatifs%20%C3%A0%20l%27eau

Record 25,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 CONT

En Chile, como en muchos otros países, muchos derechos sobre el agua estaban vinculados a los derechos sobre la tierra.  1, record 25, Spanish, - derechos%20sobre%20el%20agua

Record 26,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Precision nutrition(PN) is an approach to developing comprehensive and dynamic nutritional recommendations based on individual variables, including genetics, microbiome, metabolic profile, health status, physical activity, dietary pattern, food environment as well as socioeconomic and psychosocial characteristics. PN can help answer the question "What should I eat to be healthy?", recognizing that what is healthful for one individual may not be the same for another, and understanding that health and responses to diet change over time.  4, record 26, English, - precision%20nutrition

Record 26,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le développement de la nutrition de précision, basée sur les spécificités d'un individu (génétique, microbiote intestinale, environnement, mode de vie, facteurs sociaux) permet de pouvoir potentiellement proposer des recommandations individuelles [...] mieux adaptées.  3, record 26, French, - nutrition%20de%20pr%C3%A9cision

Record 26,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 27,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Reflex cough is initiated by airway irritation mediated by the vagus nerve that relays with the cough control centre in the respiratory area of the brainstem. When airway irritation reaches a sufficient level, cough is initiated via a descending pathway from the brainstem to the respiratory muscles. The descending pathway controlling cough may be different from that controlling spontaneous breathing... Reflex cough can also be initiated by the entry of food and fluid into the airway.  2, record 27, English, - reflex%20cough

Record 27,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La toux réflexe. Ce type de toux est déclenché par «la stimulation mécanique des récepteurs sensitifs situés dans la muqueuse laryngée, trachéale et bronchique» [...] Elle signale souvent la présence d'une fausse route et son but est l'expectoration des matières ingérées. Cependant, cette toux peut se manifester sans trouble, dans certaines inflammations ou irritations pharyngées.  2, record 27, French, - toux%20r%C3%A9flexe

Record 27,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 28,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Healthy public [policies]... can take many forms across a community to improve population health and quality of life, but are not necessarily developed by the health sector, as they focus on broader structural and social determinants of health rather than downstream healthcare services. Healthy public policy improves housing, living conditions(education, food security, childcare, transportation), livelihoods, and social and health services.  3, record 28, English, - healthy%20public%20policy

Record 28,  Textual support,  French

Record 28,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Hay 1.483 "Municipios que propician la salud", una estrategia que aboga por políticas públicas favorables a la salud y permite acciones sectoriales cruzadas para crear entornos saludables y propicios.  1, record 28, Spanish, - pol%C3%ADtica%20p%C3%BAblica%20favorable%20a%20la%20salud

Record 29,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Bariatric surgery, which is also known as weight-loss surgery, aids weight loss and reduces the risks of obesity-related diseases. The surgery falls into two categories : Malabsorptive weight-loss surgery, and restrictive weight-loss surgery. Malabsorptive weight-loss surgery limits the amount of nutrients your body absorbs, while restrictive weight-loss surgery restricts the amount of food you can consume.  5, record 29, English, - bariatric%20surgery

Record 29,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Chirurgie visant une réduction de poids - par le biais de deux mécanismes - soit en diminuant le réservoir gastrique [...], soit en agissant sur l'absorption des aliments par le tube digestif [...].  4, record 29, French, - chirurgie%20bariatrique

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La chirurgie bariatrique est une intervention chirurgicale visant à aider les personnes souffrant d'obésité sévère à perdre du poids de manière significative et durable.  5, record 29, French, - chirurgie%20bariatrique

Record 29,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 30,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Bariatric surgery, which is also known as weight-loss surgery, aids weight loss and reduces the risks of obesity-related diseases. The surgery falls into two categories : Malabsorptive weight-loss surgery, and restrictive weight-loss surgery. Malabsorptive weight-loss surgery limits the amount of nutrients your body absorbs, while restrictive weight-loss surgery restricts the amount of food you can consume.  2, record 30, English, - malabsorptive%20bariatric%20surgery

Record 30,  Textual support,  French

Record 30,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 31,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Bariatric surgery, which is also known as weight-loss surgery, aids weight loss and reduces the risks of obesity-related diseases. The surgery falls into two categories : Malabsorptive weight-loss surgery, and restrictive weight-loss surgery. Malabsorptive weight-loss surgery limits the amount of nutrients your body absorbs, while restrictive weight-loss surgery restricts the amount of food you can consume.  2, record 31, English, - restrictive%20bariatric%20surgery

Record 31,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La chirurgie restrictive consiste à restreindre l'apport alimentaire.  2, record 31, French, - chirurgie%20bariatrique%20restrictive

Record 31,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 32,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The creation of a BPD [biliopancreatic diversion] necessarily requires an alternation of the normal GI [gastrointestinal] continuity. The basic components of the mechanism, no matter how it is constructed, are as follows :(1) an intestinal segment, immediately following the duodenum, where the meeting between food and digestive juices is prevented, called biliopancreatic limb(BPL) as it only leads the biliodigestive juices to the point of meeting with food;(2) an intestinal segment leading food from the stomach to the point where aliments meet the biliopancreatic secretions, called alimentary limb(AL) ;(3) an intestinal segment, between the point of meeting and the ileocecal valve(ICV), where biliopancreatic digestion starts and the products of it can be absorbed(common limb or CL).  5, record 32, English, - common%20limb

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 2 CONT

[The] shortening of the common limb (CL) is related to higher risk of malabsorption.  6, record 32, English, - common%20limb

Record 32,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[...] la partie qui sert à l'absorption des nutriments (anse commune) [...] Si l'on souhaite augmenter la malabsorption, il faut réduire la longueur de l'anse commune.  1, record 32, French, - anse%20commune

Record 32,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 33,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A plant-based diet is exactly what it sounds like. The diet consists primarily of food made of plants : fruits and vegetables in addition to nuts, seeds, whole grains, and legumes.... you can eat poultry, beef, eggs, fish, and dairy products, however most of your nutrient intake is coming from plant-based food sources.  2, record 33, English, - plant%2Dbased%20diet

Record 33,  Textual support,  French

Record 33,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 34,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The food environment alters how dietary choices are made and how we produce, access, prepare, and consume food as a society... Taste, health, social status, cost, and resources are all influencers of what foods are chosen to eat, but culture and tradition are also key factors... Events also influence production and consumption : social events and gatherings, holiday traditions, special occasions, and religious or ritual observances that call for special foods... For some, food choice can be deeply personal and often hinge on our ideals, sense of identity, and habits...  2, record 34, English, - dietary%20choice

Record 34,  Textual support,  French

Record 34,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 35,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A fermentologist has revealed that the production process behind refined cuisine can be quite a turn-off, despite its delectable appearance. The expert... explained that the line between fermented and decayed food was once a matter of social preference, especially in ancient times.  2, record 35, English, - fermentologist

Record 35,  Textual support,  French

Record 35,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 36,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... a community fridge is an actual fridge(or collection of fridges) that [is] stocked with food anyone in the area can open up and take some from.  4, record 36, English, - community%20fridge

Record 36,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le concept de mettre à disposition des denrées alimentaires dans un espace ouvert à toutes et à tous porte plusieurs noms : frigo communautaire, frigo-partage, [...] frigo collectif… Cependant, l'idée demeure la même : un frigo dans lequel toute la communauté peut déposer des denrées alimentaires afin d'en faire profiter aux personnes ne pouvant répondre à leurs besoins alimentaires.  1, record 36, French, - frigo%20communautaire

Record 36,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 37,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A cooking method in which food is put in a container that no air can enter and cooked very slowly at a constant temperature in water.  4, record 37, English, - sous%20vide

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 OBS

sous vide: French for "under vacuum," when used as a noun, it must be written in two separated words, "sous vide". The hyphenated variant, "sous-vide" is for the adjective, e.g. "sous-vide cooking," "sous-vide method," "sous-vide technique," or the adverb, e.g. "to cook sous-vide."  5, record 37, English, - sous%20vide

Record 37,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Il ne faut pas confondre les produits cuits sous vide et les produits emballés sous vide qui n'offrent pas les mêmes durées de conservation. La cuisson sous vide signifie que le produit (souvent pré-élaboré) est conditionné sous vide et cuit dans son emballage [...]  3, record 37, French, - sous%2Dvide

Record 37,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[...] método de preparación de los alimentos en el que estos se introducen en un envase [...] al que se le extrae el aire para después cocinarlos a una temperatura determinada.  1, record 37, Spanish, - cocina%20al%20vac%C3%ADo

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 OBS

al vacío: La Fundación del Español Urgente (Fundéu BBVA), con el asesoramiento de la Real Academia Española, indica que el galicismo "sous vide", empleado en las informaciones gastronómicas, puede sustituirse por "al vacío".  1, record 37, Spanish, - cocina%20al%20vac%C3%ADo

Record 38,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A collection of meliponine beehives.  2, record 38, English, - meliponary

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In meliponiculture, the hives can be organized in [a] meliponary, places with suitable conditions of temperature, solar orientation, humidity, and food supply(flowers and resins).  3, record 38, English, - meliponary

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 1 PHR

establish a meliponary  4, record 38, English, - meliponary

Record 38,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Rucher d'abeilles mélipones.  2, record 38, French, - m%C3%A9liponaire

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les méliponaires regroupent en moyenne 7,5 colonies, et 15 à 26 colonies dans un quart des cas.  3, record 38, French, - m%C3%A9liponaire

Record 38,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 39,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Bay oil... can occur naturally in food and may be used as a food-flavouring agent. It's also used as a fragrance ingredient in a variety of products available to consumers...  1, record 39, English, - myrcia%20oil

Record 39,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'huile de Bay [...] est connue sous forme d'huile essentielle. On peut la trouver naturellement dans les aliments et on peut l'utiliser comme agent aromatisant pour les aliments. On peut également l'utiliser comme ingrédient de parfum dans une variété de produits de consommation [...]  1, record 39, French, - huile%20de%20Bay

Record 39,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 40,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Bokashi tea [...] is the liquid that can be tapped from your bokashi kitchen composter. It contains a mixture of all the goodness from your bokashi kitchen composter; bokashi microbes, liquids from the food scraps and liquids produced during the fermentation process.  1, record 40, English, - bokashi%20tea

Record 40,  Textual support,  French

Record 40,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 41,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 41, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Technically speaking, the bokashi method is a form of fermentation rather than composting—while composting decomposes waste and results in matter ready to be added to a garden, bokashi ferments(or pickles) food and results in matter still too acidic to be added to plants. That's why the final stage of bokashi composting is to add the bokashi matter to a compost bin or fallow spot in the garden. In short, bokashi is a way to quickly ferment food scraps so that they can be composted faster.  4, record 41, English, - bokashi

Record 41,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 41, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le bokashi permet la fermentation des déchets organiques grâce à des micro-organismes, dits efficaces, mélangés à de la mélasse et du son de blé. [...] Le compost, obtenu grâce au bokashi, est très riche en nutriments, néanmoins il ne peut pas être directement mélangé à la terre, puisque la forte concentration d'acides aminés produits par la fermentation pourrait endommager les jeunes racines.  5, record 41, French, - bokashi

Record 41,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 42,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 42, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Membrane processing techniques are used to help separate chemical components based on molecular size under specific pressure. A great advantage of membrane processing techniques is that it is a non-thermal processing technique, which can retain enormous bioactive constituents to a greater extent. Being a less energy-intensive process, this technique is widely used in several food processing industries such as in the clarification of fruit juices and wine; the concentration of milk; the preparation of whey protein concentrate; and water and waste treatment, among others.  2, record 42, English, - food%2Dprocessing%20industry

Record 42,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 42, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'industrie de la transformation des aliments est à la recherche constante d'innovations pour répondre aux enjeux liés au développement durable.  3, record 42, French, - industrie%20de%20la%20transformation%20des%20aliments

Record 42,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 43,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 43, Textual support number: 1 CONT

With mobile ordering, customers place their orders ahead of time, go to [the restaurant], check in, and pay through the app. They can then pick up their food using the physical counter, drive-thru, or curbside pickup. The app relies on geofencing to know where customers are in relation to the storefront to keep food fresh.  3, record 43, English, - mobile%20order%20ahead

Record 43,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 43, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Avec la commande mobile, vous pouvez commander à l’avance, payer à l’aide de votre téléphone et obtenir votre commande au service-au-volant, au service au stationnement ou au comptoir.  2, record 43, French, - service%20de%20commande%20mobile

Record number: 43, Textual support number: 1 OBS

service de commande mobile : La désignation «service de commande mobile» est recommandée pour éviter la confusion entre le service et le produit qui en résulte (la «commande mobile»).  3, record 43, French, - service%20de%20commande%20mobile

Record 43,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 44,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 44, Textual support number: 1 CONT

At all dietary inclusion levels of TRF [tocotrienol-rich fraction], total vitamin E concentrations found in the adipose tissue were the highest. Unlike other tissues, the adipose tissue of tilapia fed with palm TRF was rich in tocotrienols which made up almost 50% of the total vitamin E deposited. This makes fish offal oil a very useful by-product from the processing factories of farmed fish, and can be marketed as a tocotrienol-enriched fish oil targeting the health food sector.  2, record 44, English, - fish%20offal%20oil

Record 44,  Textual support,  French

Record 44,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 45,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 45, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Alpha-gal syndrome(AGS) is a serious and unusual food allergy to red(mammalian) meat. It occurs in people who have been bitten by certain types of ticks, usually if they’ve been bitten more than once.... The saliva of some ticks contains a sugar molecule called alpha-gal(α-Gal). When alpha-gal enters the bloodstream, it can increase your sensitivity to red meat. This can trigger an immune system response. Your body reacts as if red meat is harmful, causing allergic symptoms. People with AGS may also react to other products containing alpha-gal, including medications and personal care products.  3, record 45, English, - alpha%2Dgal%20syndrome

Record number: 45, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Unlike more traditional food allergies where consumption of an allergen produces symptoms within minutes, AGS reactions typically occur 3-8 hours after eating.  4, record 45, English, - alpha%2Dgal%20syndrome

Record 45,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 45, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Dans la salive de la tique se trouve un sucre : le α-gal. C'est en mordant son hôte que la tique lui injecte le sucre. Il faut savoir que l'α-gal est présent chez la plupart des mammifères, incluant le bœuf, le porc et l'agneau, mais absent chez l'humain. Donc, au contact de l'α-gal transmis par la tique, certains individus, mais pas tous, développeront des anticorps (IgE) contre le sucre en question. Plus tard, lorsque la personne mangera de la viande rouge qui, rappelons-le, contient de l'α-gal, les anticorps reconnaîtront le sucre, ce qui provoquera une réaction allergique. Toutefois, contrairement à la réaction typique découlant d'une allergie alimentaire, le syndrome α-gal se manifeste plusieurs heures (jusqu'à 10 heures dans certains cas) après la consommation de viande rouge. Parmi les symptômes observés, on retrouve des crampes abdominales, de la nausée, des vomissements, des difficultés respiratoires, une baisse de la pression artérielle, une enflure des lèvres et de la gorge.  2, record 45, French, - syndrome%20alpha%2Dgal

Record 45,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 46,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 46, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The cough reflex is designed to keep your airways clear so that you can continue breathing. The cough reflex is activated when your body senses anything that could pose a threat to breathing. This could be a mechanical item, like mucus that blocks part of your airway, or a chemical item like spicy food or smoky air.  2, record 46, English, - cough%20reflex

Record 46,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 46, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le réflexe de toux peut être provoqué par de nombreux stimuli inflammatoires ou mécaniques.  2, record 46, French, - r%C3%A9flexe%20tussig%C3%A8ne

Record 46,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 47,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 47, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The same durability that made coir rope a popular material for fishing nets hundreds of years ago is still valuable in our day. Coir fiber is used for a broad array of products, due to its impressive strength.... Although coconuts are enjoyed as food, the valuable fibers that could be used in coir rope are wasted too often.... Gardeners can take advantage of its remarkable durability to protect their lawns... Coir fiber has the tendency to stand up against scratches and odors, making it ideal for use in automobiles.  2, record 47, English, - coconut%20fiber%20rope

Record 47,  Textual support,  French

Record 47,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 48,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 48, Textual support number: 1 CONT

One significant knowledge gap necessary for assessing ecosystem-wide impacts of restoration in... estuaries is a characterization of baseline lower trophic levels. These lower tropic levels are the lowest part of the food web where organisms such as plant-like phytoplankton serve as food to animals such as zooplankton in the water column. Other organisms of lower trophic levels include plant-like microphytobenthos and marine worms living within the sediments. These organisms form an important part of the estuary ecosystem [and] provide energy at the base of the food chain [that] support the growth of larger predators at the top[, ] such as speckled trout or red fish[. These] organisms also help to break down debris, put oxygen back into sediments, and can provide a biological window into the health of an estuary.  1, record 48, English, - lower%20trophic%20level

Record 48,  Textual support,  French

Record 48,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 49,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 49, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Pheromone traps. Pheromones are chemicals used by insects and other animals to communicate with each other. Insects send these chemical signals to help attract mates, warn others of predators, or find food. Using specific pheromones, traps can be used to monitor target pests in agriculture or in residential areas. By constantly monitoring for insects, it may be possible to detect an infestation before it occurs. Early detection of pest insects using pheromone traps can also lessen damage to agriculture and other plants. It can also limit the presence of stinging insects near you.  4, record 49, English, - pheromone%20trap

Record 49,  Textual support,  French

Record 49,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 50,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 50, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Trophic levels refer to a level or position in a food chain or food web. It is one of the oldest concepts in ecology that seeks to explain the energy relations between different organisms.... the bottom trophic level is known as the primary producers. These are usually plants like phytoplankton, algae, and seaweed. They can make their own food(usually photosynthesizing sugars from the sun), and do not need to consume other plants or animals. They are typically the most abundant organisms found in the ecosystem.  1, record 50, English, - primary%20producer

Record 50,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 50, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les niveaux trophiques désignent un niveau ou une position dans une chaîne alimentaire ou un réseau alimentaire. C'est l'un des plus anciens concepts de l'écologie qui cherche à expliquer les relations énergétiques entre les différents organismes. [...] le niveau trophique inférieur est connu sous le nom de producteurs primaires. Il s'agit généralement de plantes comme le phytoplancton, les algues et les algues marines. Ils peuvent fabriquer leur propre nourriture (généralement en photosynthétisant les sucres du soleil) et n'ont pas besoin de consommer d'autres plantes ou animaux. Ce sont généralement les organismes les plus abondants de l'écosystème.  1, record 50, French, - producteur%20primaire

Record 50,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 51,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 51, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Wild rice can be a bit of a challenge to cultivate. However, with patience and persistence, an annually producing wild rice bed can provide a bountiful, renewable source of food.  2, record 51, English, - wild%20rice%20bed

Record number: 51, Textual support number: 1 OBS

bed: A small plot of cultivated or planted land ...  3, record 51, English, - wild%20rice%20bed

Record 51,  Textual support,  French

Record 51,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 52,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 52, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Mean size at age in [fish] stock assessments is generally assumed constant through time and is typically characterized by estimating a somatic growth curve. However, assuming time-invariant somatic growth may be overly simplistic because growth can vary due to temporal variability in a number of factors such as temperature..., food availability..., salinity..., and light... Estimating time-varying growth curves from observed size at age is difficult, as changes can also be due to other factors, such as changes in selectivity or length-weight relationships.  1, record 52, English, - mean%20size%20at%20age

Record 52,  Textual support,  French

Record 52,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 53,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 53, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Seaweed refers to several species of macroscopic, multicellular, marine algae... The term includes some types of red, brown, and green algae. Seaweed can also be classified by use(as food, medicine... fertilizer, filtration, industrial, etc.).  2, record 53, English, - seaweed

Record 53,  Textual support,  French

Record 53,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 54,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 54, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The term "package treatment unit" is applied to a wide spectrum of plant manufactured [modules] assembled ahead of time, usually at a manufacturing facility remote from the site. A package unit is typically delivered to the site as a skid-mounted unit, pre-piped and pre-wired ready for connecting to the process tanks and mains services, thus saving on installation work and operational downtime.... Package units can... provide a first stage of treatment for effluent from industry, particularly the food and drink sector, in order to cut discharge costs.  1, record 54, English, - package%20treatment%20unit

Record number: 54, Textual support number: 1 OBS

package: A preassembled unit.  2, record 54, English, - package%20treatment%20unit