TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

As used herein, the term "contact force" refers to a mechanical force applied through physical contact between two solid objects such as a force applied by pushing or mechanical engagement, or a force applied via friction, but does not extend to any force which requires adhesion between the two objects nor to magnetic attraction or repulsion between the two objects.  1, record 1, English, - contact%20force

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

contact force: designation validated by a Canadian subject-matter expert from Université Laval.  2, record 1, English, - contact%20force

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

force de contact : force en provenance d'un corps agissant sur un autre corps en raison du contact direct qui existe entre les deux corps; en mécanique, toutes les forces à l'exception du poids (le frottement, la tension, la force normale, la force du ressort) sont des forces de contact.  2, record 1, French, - force%20de%20contact

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

force de contact : désignation validée par un spécialiste canadien de l'Université Laval.  3, record 1, French, - force%20de%20contact

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

El segundo tipo de aplicaciones considera la situación en la que el robot entra en contacto con una superficie rígida. Para este tipo de aplicaciones las fuerzas de contacto describen el estado del robot de forma más eficiente que la posición y orientación de la plataforma, es por esto que este tipo de estrategias de control reciben el nombre de control de fuerzas.  1, record 1, Spanish, - fuerza%20de%20contacto

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

fuerza de contacto: designación validada por un experto de la Comisión de Terminología, Sociedad Española de Astronomía, España.  2, record 1, Spanish, - fuerza%20de%20contacto

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

If the earth were not rotating, the wind would blow exclusively from high to low pressure. Close to the earth, it would be slowed by friction between the atmosphere and the earth's surface but would maintain the same direction with height. However, since the earth undergoes rotation, there is an apparent force acting on horizontal atmospheric motions when examined from a point of reference on the earth's surface. For example, [as] viewed from space(the absolute frame of reference), the [wind] flow [continues] in a straight line. However, as viewed from the earth, the flow has undergone an apparent deflection to the right.  3, record 2, English, - horizontal%20atmospheric%20motion

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

mouvement atmosphérique horizontal; mouvement horizontal atmosphérique : désignations habituellement utilisées au pluriel.  3, record 2, French, - mouvement%20atmosph%C3%A9rique%20horizontal

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The most common type of washer, with two flat surfaces. [It can be] round or square. [It is] used to distribute force/stress of a nut or bolt and reduces friction and heat during installation of threaded fastener.  3, record 3, English, - flat%20washer

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 2 OBS

flat washer; plain washer: designations standardized by ISO.  4, record 3, English, - flat%20washer

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les rondelles plates empêchent les boulons [et] les vis [...] de s'enfoncer dans les matériaux lors du serrage. Leur construction en acier inoxydable les protège contre la rouille et la corrosion.  2, record 3, French, - rondelle%20plate

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

rondelle plate : désignation normalisée par l'ISO.  3, record 3, French, - rondelle%20plate

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

… hydrodynamic effect means the result of water in motion. On vessels of any size, but especially on large vessels, as the boat moves through the water the friction of the water on the bow and on the hull causes the water to create turbulence. This turbulence, as the force of the water moves toward the stern(back) of the boat, tends to pull floating objects into the side of the boat.  1, record 4, English, - hydrodynamic%20effect

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The ratio between the tangential force ... resulting from all tangential forces acting in the contact area of two bodies and the corresponding normal force ...  1, record 5, English, - friction%20force%20coefficient

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

In the case of friction brake(s), the friction forces are characterized by the coefficient of friction[,] while in the case of the tyre/road interface, they are characterized by [the] coefficient of adhesion ...  1, record 5, English, - friction%20force%20coefficient

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 2 OBS

friction force coefficient : term and definition standardized by ISO.  2, record 5, English, - friction%20force%20coefficient

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Rapport entre la force tangentielle [...] résultante de toutes les forces tangentielles qui agissent dans la zone de contact de deux corps, et la force perpendiculaire correspondante [...]  1, record 5, French, - coefficient%20des%20forces%20de%20frottement

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Dans le cas de freins à friction, les forces de frottement sont caractérisées par le coefficient de frottement [...] Dans le cas de l'interface pneumatique/route, les forces de frottement sont caractérisées par un coefficient d'adhérence [...]  1, record 5, French, - coefficient%20des%20forces%20de%20frottement

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 2 OBS

coefficient des forces de frottement : terme et définition normalisés par l'ISO.  2, record 5, French, - coefficient%20des%20forces%20de%20frottement

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Relación entre la fuerza tangencial [...] que resulta cuando todas las fuerzas tangenciales actúan en el área de contacto de dos cuerpos y la fuerza normal correspondiente [...]  1, record 5, Spanish, - coeficiente%20de%20fuerzas%20de%20fricci%C3%B3n

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

En el caso del(los) frenos de fricción, las fuerzas de fricción se caracterizan por el coeficiente de fricción[,] mientras que en el caso de la interfaz neumático/vía, se caracterizan por un coeficiente de adhesión [...]  1, record 5, Spanish, - coeficiente%20de%20fuerzas%20de%20fricci%C3%B3n

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

In friction brakes, the total force applied to one brake lining assembly that causes the braking force by friction effect.  1, record 6, English, - actuation%20force

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

actuation force: term and definition standardized by ISO.  2, record 6, English, - actuation%20force

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Pour les freins à friction, force totale appliquée à un ensemble garniture de frein qui provoque la force de freinage par friction.  1, record 6, French, - force%20d%27actionnement

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

force d'actionnement : terme et définition normalisés par l'ISO.  2, record 6, French, - force%20d%27actionnement

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

En frenos de fricción, la fuerza total aplicada a un ensamble de material de fricción, que causa la fuerza de frenado por efecto de fricción.  1, record 6, Spanish, - fuerza%20de%20accionamiento

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The power developed by an engine as measured by the force applied to a friction brake or by an absorption dynamometer applied to the shaft or flywheel.  4, record 7, English, - brake%20horsepower

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS

brake horsepower; bhp: term and abbreviation standardized by the British Standards Institute.  5, record 7, English, - brake%20horsepower

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 2 OBS

brake horsepower; BHP: term and abbreviation officially approved by the Lexicon Project Committee (New Brunswick).  5, record 7, English, - brake%20horsepower

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[...] puissance disponible d'un moteur telle que mesurée sur un banc dynamométrique.  3, record 7, French, - puissance%20au%20frein

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS

puissance au frein; BHP : terme et abréviation uniformisés par le Comité d'uniformisation de la terminologie aéronautique (CUTA) - Opérations aériennes.  4, record 7, French, - puissance%20au%20frein

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 2 OBS

puissance au frein : terme uniformisé par le Comité du projet de lexiques (Nouveau-Brunswick).  4, record 7, French, - puissance%20au%20frein

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Potencia entregada en el eje de la hélice [...] del motor [...]  1, record 7, Spanish, - potencia%20al%20freno

Record 8,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The friction between two surfaces which are sliding over each other.  3, record 8, English, - dynamic%20friction

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Sliding friction. The force needed to keep one solid surface just sliding over another is known as kinetic or dynamic friction. The force which has to be applied to initiate motion is slightly greater and is called static or limiting friction.  4, record 8, English, - dynamic%20friction

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 OBS

dynamic friction: term and definition standardized by ISO.  5, record 8, English, - dynamic%20friction

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Frottement qui subsiste pendant le mouvement de glissement à une vitesse donnée.  3, record 8, French, - frottement%20dynamique

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 OBS

frottement dynamique : terme et définition normalisés par l'ISO.  4, record 8, French, - frottement%20dynamique

Record 8,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Fricción que debe ser superada como un "valor límite" al inicio de un movimiento de deslizamiento.  1, record 8, Spanish, - fricci%C3%B3n%20din%C3%A1mica

Record 9,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The ratio of the frictional force between two bodies in contact, parallel to the surface of contact, to the force, normal to the surface of contact, with which the bodies press against each other.  3, record 9, English, - coefficient%20of%20friction

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Sliding friction. The force needed to keep one solid surface just sliding over another is known as kinetic or dynamic friction. The force which has to be applied to initiate motion is slightly greater and is called static or limiting friction. The friction increases approximately in proportion to the total perpendicular force(normal reaction) between the surfaces and its ratio to the normal reaction between the surfaces is called a coefficient of friction.  4, record 9, English, - coefficient%20of%20friction

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Rapport de la force de frottement à une force, habituellement la gravité, agissant perpendiculairement aux deux surfaces en contact.  3, record 9, French, - coefficient%20de%20frottement

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Une pièce glissant sur un support est soumise [...] à l'action de la pesanteur et à la réaction normale du support et [...] à la force appliquée qui tend à provoquer le mouvement et à la résistance tangentielle due au frottement; le mouvement a lieu si la force appliquée est supérieure à cette résistance. La résultante de la réaction normale du support et de la résistance tangentielle forme avec la normale au plan de glissement un angle appelé angle de frottement; la valeur de la tangente trigonométrique de cet angle est le coefficient de frottement [...]  4, record 9, French, - coefficient%20de%20frottement

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 2 CONT

La distance et le temps d'arrêt dépendent non seulement des qualités du conducteur et de la puissance des freins mais encore du coefficient de frottement des roues sur le sol.  5, record 9, French, - coefficient%20de%20frottement

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 OBS

coefficient de frottement : terme uniformisé par le Comité d'uniformisation de la terminologie aéronautique (CUTA) - Opérations aériennes et recommandé par l'OLF (Office de la langue française).  6, record 9, French, - coefficient%20de%20frottement

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 2 OBS

coefficient de friction : terme uniformisé par le Groupe de travail de terminologie du génie.  7, record 9, French, - coefficient%20de%20frottement

Record 9,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Relación entre la fuerza de fricción y la fuerza normal, que actúa perpendicular a las dos superficies en contacto.  3, record 9, Spanish, - coeficiente%20de%20fricci%C3%B3n

Record 10,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The Dimension 3000 Scanning Probe Microscope(SPM) encompasses several techniques for studying surface properties of materials at the atomic to micron scale. It measures surface structure and produces images with three-dimensional information. It measures surface roughness and maps the surface based on atomic force, friction, magnetic field, relative stiffness, or electric field gradient. Typical applications : 1. Studying surface of optical components(especially mirrors) [;] 2. Mapping of magnetic properties of tapes[;] 3. Measuring surface pit depth and width. Mode of operation : An atomically sharp tip, held at the end of a cantilever, is scanned in a regular pattern across a surface. As the tip probes the surface, the interaction between the surface and tip is measured using a laser-based system.  3, record 10, English, - scanning%20probe%20microscope

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le développement d'une famille d’outils d’analyse s'est poursuivie avec la réalisation du système SONOS, microscope-sonde à balayage (SPM), exploitable jusque dans le domaine des nanotechnologies, qui pourrait déboucher sur des premières applications destinées à l’ISS [Station spatiale internationale] avant d’être utilisé pour les missions d’exploration extraterrestre.  1, record 10, French, - microscope%2Dsonde%20%C3%A0%20balayage

Record 10,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Los microscopios de sonda de barrido [...] utilizan una sonda que rastrea físicamente la muestra que se pretende estudiar. La sonda se mueve mecánicamente y recorre toda la muestra detectando cierta interacción que se produce entre ambas en cada posición, lo que permitirá la construcción de una imagen topográfica de ésta. Tienen resolución nanométrica, trabajan en condiciones normales de presión y temperatura y, frente a otros tipos de microscopios, no requieren apenas preparación de la muestra.  1, record 10, Spanish, - microscopio%20de%20sonda%20de%20barrido

Record 11,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The component of the drum brake or disc brake that is pressed against the drum or disc, respectively, to produce the friction force.  1, record 11, English, - brake%20lining%20assembly

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 OBS

brake lining assembly: term and definition standardized by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO).  2, record 11, English, - brake%20lining%20assembly

Record 11,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Élément d'un frein à tambour ou d’un frein à disque pressé contre le tambour ou le disque, afin de produire la force de frottement.  1, record 11, French, - ensemble%20garniture%20de%20frein

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 OBS

ensemble garniture de frein : terme et définition normalisés par l'Organisation internationale de normalisation (ISO).  2, record 11, French, - ensemble%20garniture%20de%20frein

Record 11,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 12,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The superelevation is normally discussed in terms of the superelevation rate, which is the rise in the roadway surface elevation as you move from the inside to the outside edge of the road. For example, a superelevation rate of 10% implies that the roadway surface elevation increases by 1 ft for every 10 ft of roadway width.  5, record 12, English, - superelevation

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Superelevation(banking) of the pavement is required to counteract the excess centrifugal force that is not counteracted by friction between the roadway and the tires.  6, record 12, English, - superelevation

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 OBS

superelevation; superelevation rate: terms proposed by the World Road Association.  7, record 12, English, - superelevation

Record 12,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Inclinaison transversale donnée au profil en travers d'une chaussée dans les courbes, pour diminuer l'effet de la force centrifuge sur un véhicule en mouvement.  3, record 12, French, - d%C3%A9vers

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 OBS

dévers : terme et définition recommandés par l'OLF.  2, record 12, French, - d%C3%A9vers

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 2 OBS

dévers : terme proposé par l'Association mondiale de la route.  4, record 12, French, - d%C3%A9vers

Record 12,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Desnivel [...] entre los bordes exterior e interior de la calzada en las curvas de las carreteras; compensa en parte los efectos de la fuerza centrífuga en los vehículos y les permite tomar las curvas con mayor velocidad.  2, record 12, Spanish, - peralte

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 OBS

peralte: Término utilizado por la Asociación Mundial de la Carretera.  3, record 12, Spanish, - peralte

Record 13,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A pipeline operated at varying temperatures due to occasional shut down of theproduction will expand at positive temperature changes. If the pipeline is not free toexpand but restrained by friction, the pipe will be subjected to an axial compressive load. If the force exerted by the pipe on the soil cover exceeds the vertical restraint created by the pipe's submerged weight, its bending stiffness and the soil cover, the pipe will tend to move in the vertical plane, and considerable displacements may occur.... This model is a consistent semi-analytical linearized procedure and may as such only be considered sufficiently accurate when the upheaval displacement is relatively small.  2, record 13, English, - upheaval%20displacement

Record 13,  Textual support,  French

Record 13,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 14,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Joining of a metal stud or similar part to a workpiece. [Definition standardized by ISO.]  3, record 14, English, - stud%20welding

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Welding may be accomplished by arc, resistance friction or other suitable welding process, by applying force with or without external gas shielding or flux. The weld is made over the whole end area of the stud or attachment.  3, record 14, English, - stud%20welding

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 2 OBS

stud welding: term standardized by ISO and by the American Welding Society (AWS).  4, record 14, English, - stud%20welding

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 3 OBS

stud welding: term standardized by the CSA International. Material reproduced with the permission of the copyright holder, the Canadian Standards Association (CSA), 178 Rexdale Blvd., Toronto, Ontario, Canada M9W 1R3. However, CSA shall not be responsible for the manner in which the information is presented, nor for any interpretations thereof. This CSA material may not have been updated to reflect amendments subsequently made to the original content. For further information, contact CSA International.  4, record 14, English, - stud%20welding

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 4 OBS

stud welding: term officially approved by the Lexicon Project Committee (New Brunswick).  5, record 14, English, - stud%20welding

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 PHR

Arc stud welding.  4, record 14, English, - stud%20welding

Record 14,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Assemblage d'un goujon métallique ou d'un élément similaire sur une pièce par soudage à l'arc, par résistance, par friction ou par tout autre procédé faisant appel à la pression, avec ou sans protection gazeuse ou flux. [Définition normalisée par l'ISO.]  3, record 14, French, - soudage%20des%20goujons

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 OBS

La soudure couvre toute la base du goujon ou de l'élément de fixation.  3, record 14, French, - soudage%20des%20goujons

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 2 OBS

soudage des goujons : terme normalisé par l'ISO.  4, record 14, French, - soudage%20des%20goujons

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 3 OBS

soudage des goujons : terme normalisé par la CSA International. Reproduit avec l'autorisation de l'Association canadienne de normalisation (CSA), 178, boul. Rexdale, Toronto (Ontario), Canada M9W 1R3 (détentrice des droits d'auteur). La CSA décline toute responsabilité quant à la façon dont la matière est présentée et quant à toute interprétation pouvant en découler. L'information reproduite pourrait ne pas être à jour. Pour plus de renseignements, communiquer avec la CSA International.  4, record 14, French, - soudage%20des%20goujons

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 4 OBS

soudage des goujons : terme uniformisé par le Comité du projet de lexiques (Nouveau-Brunswick).  5, record 14, French, - soudage%20des%20goujons

Record 14,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 15,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A crest gate the face of which is a section of cylinder that rotates about a horizontal axis downstream from the gate.  4, record 15, English, - tainter%20gate

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The spillway is part of the central section of the main dam. It has six gated bays, each 50 feet wide. Six radial arm gates (tainter gates) control spillway discharge. Each radial arm gate is 50 feet wide by 25.24 feet high.  3, record 15, English, - tainter%20gate

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The water pressure against the gate is concentrated in the axis; this arrangement reduces friction in raising and lowering the gate. A seal is placed along the sides and bottom of the gate face for watertightness. The gate is raised and lowered by winches or hoists attached to cables or chains fastened to the bottom edge of the gate and lying against its water face; this allows a vertical lifting force to be applied. It can be closed under its own weight.  4, record 15, English, - tainter%20gate

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 2 OBS

tainter gate: formerly called canal lock.  4, record 15, English, - tainter%20gate

Record 15,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Vanne constituée d'une structure métallique profilée maintenue par un puissant bras articulé, généralement en aval, dont l'ouverture se fait par élévation.  3, record 15, French, - vanne%20%C3%A0%20segment

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 OBS

[Cette vanne] peut être surmontée d'un clapet facilitant le réglage du niveau et l'évacuation des corps flottants.  3, record 15, French, - vanne%20%C3%A0%20segment

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 2 OBS

segment: utilisé elliptiquement pour désigner une vanne segment.  4, record 15, French, - vanne%20%C3%A0%20segment

Record 15,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 16,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Friction is the resistance force, or drag, that arises when a material surface slips over another surface. Coefficient of friction is a measurement of the slip level between two adjacent film surfaces... The maximum force required to initiate sliding is referred to as the static coefficient of friction. Once sliding has commenced, the minimum force required to maintain slippage is called the kinetic coefficient of friction.  1, record 16, English, - kinetic%20coefficient%20of%20friction

Record 16,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La friction est la résistance qui se produit lorsqu'une surface d'un matériau glisse sur la surface d'un autre. Le coefficient de friction est la mesure du niveau de glissement entre ces deux surfaces. La force initiale pour amorcer le glissement s'appelle le coefficient de friction statique tandis que la force nécessaire pour continuer ce même glissement s'appelle le coefficient de friction cinétique.  1, record 16, French, - coefficient%20de%20friction%20cin%C3%A9tique

Record 16,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 17,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Computer-generated display designed to appeal to the haptic senses, i. e., one in which things seem to push, pull, radiate or sensate, in different directions with varying degrees of strength, virtual objects with assigned force fields, torque, friction, heat and pressure, which are made noticeable to a person interacting with them.  2, record 17, English, - haptic%20display

Record 17,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Affichage généré par ordinateur destiné à être perçu par les sens haptiques, c'est-à-dire dans lequel les éléments semblent pousser, tirer, rayonner ou détecter dans plusieurs directions et avec divers degrés de force, des objets virtuels dotés de champ de force, de couple, de frottement, de chaleur et de pression prédéterminés qui sont rendus perceptibles pour une personne qui interagit avec eux.  4, record 17, French, - affichage%20haptique

Record 17,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 18,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The drag or tangential force per unit area exerted on the surface of the Earth by the adjacent layer of moving air.  2, record 18, English, - wind%20stress

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Generally, the greater the wind speed then the greater the surface ocean current speed. The wind force acting on the surface of ocean is called wind stress and denoted by Tau. Wind stress acts in the direction of the wind on the surface. In contrast, pressure acts perpendicular to the surface. ... Wind stress [(tau)] is a force per unit area. [tau] = mass[star]acceleration/area. Units should be kg[star]/s²·/m² (Newton = kg[star]m/s²). So [tau] is in Newton/m². Stress acts in the same plane as the water surface (whereas pressure acts normal to water surface).  3, record 18, English, - wind%20stress

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 OBS

For example, the wind stress on the sea surface applies a friction force that can drive ocean currents.  4, record 18, English, - wind%20stress

Record 18,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Frottement ou force tangentielle par unité d'aire exercés sur la surface de la Terre par la couche d'air en mouvement adjacente.  2, record 18, French, - tension%20du%20vent

Record 18,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Arrastre o fuerza tangencial por unidad de superficie ejercida sobre la superficie de la Tierra por la capa adyacente del aire en movimiento.  1, record 18, Spanish, - tensi%C3%B3n%20del%20viento

Record 19,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Friction is the resistance force, or drag, that arises when a material surface slips over another surface. Coefficient of friction is a measurement of the slip level between two adjacent film surfaces... The maximum force required to initiate sliding is referred to as the static coefficient of friction. Once sliding has commenced, the minimum force required to maintain slippage is called the kinetic coefficient of friction.  3, record 19, English, - static%20coefficient%20of%20friction

Record 19,  Textual support,  French

Record 19,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 20,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The parts of the wheelchair between which the braking force is developed.  2, record 20, English, - wheelbrake

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The wheelbrake can be :-a friction brake, where the force is developed by friction between parts of the wheelchair that are movable in relation to each other; the friction force may be generated by mechanical, hydraulic or electrical means, or by any combination of these;-an electric brake, where the force is created by electromagnetic action on parts of the wheelchair that are movable in relation to each other but not in contact with each other.  2, record 20, English, - wheelbrake

Record 20,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Parties du fauteuil roulant entre lesquelles s'exerce la force de freinage.  2, record 20, French, - frein%20de%20roue

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Le frein de roue peut être : - un frein à friction, quand cette force est obtenue par un frottement entre des parties du fauteuil roulant pouvant se déplacer l'une par rapport à l'autre, la force de friction pouvant être produite par un dispositif mécanique, hydraulique, électrique ou toute combinaison de ces dernières; - un frein électrique, où la force est créée par une action électromagnétique sur des parties du fauteuil roulant pouvant se déplacer l'une par rapport à l'autre mais n'étant pas en contact l'une avec l'autre.  2, record 20, French, - frein%20de%20roue

Record 20,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 21,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Because the gyroscope is supported as a pendulum, the support point, the center of mass of the gyroscope, and the center of the earth tend to lie along the same straight, vertical line.  4, record 21, English, - center%20of%20mass%20of%20the%20gyroscope

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Gravity acting on the center of mass of the gyroscope causes a torque at the gyroscope's point of contact with the surface on which it is resting. If you spun the gyroscope perfectly vertically, it wouldn’t do that(until friction perturbed it) because the force would be acting directly through the center of mass, nor would it precess like that if it were in free fall(because it is not in contact with any surface capable of inducing a torque).  5, record 21, English, - center%20of%20mass%20of%20the%20gyroscope

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Center of Mass - This is the point at which the entire mass of an object is centered.  6, record 21, English, - center%20of%20mass%20of%20the%20gyroscope

Record 21,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Gyros de références inertielles : Admettons que le montage de Cardan est idéal et le centrage de O parfait, c'est-à-dire que O est à la fois le point de croisement des axes des articulations et le centre d'inertie du gyro. Dans ces conditions en l'absence de tout couple moteur le gyro ne reçoit aucun couple et donc son axe reste inertiellement fixe.  2, record 21, French, - centre%20de%20masse%20du%20gyroscope

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 OBS

En pratique, le gyroscope est formé par un disque installé dans une monture à cardan qui permet la liberté de mouvement dans toutes les directions. Si le gyroscope est bien équilibré, c'est-à-dire si son centre de masse est exactement au centre de la suspension, son axe de rotation conservera sa direction par rapport aux étoiles fixes.  4, record 21, French, - centre%20de%20masse%20du%20gyroscope

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 2 OBS

centre de masse : Point auquel est associée une masse égale à la masse d'un système donné tel que par rapport à tous les plans, le moment statique de ce point soit égal à celui du système.  5, record 21, French, - centre%20de%20masse%20du%20gyroscope

Record 21,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 22,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The angle whose tangent is the coefficient of friction. In measuring the coefficient of friction a body is placed on a plane and the latter tilted until the body will just slide down when gently tapped. The angle of the plane to the horizontal is then the angle of friction.  4, record 22, English, - angle%20of%20friction

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The limiting angle between the direction of the force resisting sliding and the normal to the surface of sliding is called the angle of friction...  5, record 22, English, - angle%20of%20friction

Record 22,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Angle entre la perpendiculaire à une surface et la force résultante agissant sur un corps posé sur la surface, et auquel angle ce corps commence à bouger.  3, record 22, French, - angle%20de%20frottement

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Une pièce glissant sur un support est soumise [...] à l'action de la pesanteur et à la réaction normale du support, et [...] à la force appliquée qui tend à provoquer le mouvement et à la résistance tangentielle due au frottement; le mouvement a lieu si la force appliquée est supérieure à cette résistance. La résultante de la réaction normale du support et de la résistance tangentielle forme avec la normale au plan de glissement un angle appelé angle de frottement; la valeur de la tangente trigonométrique de cet angle est le coefficient de frottement [...]  4, record 22, French, - angle%20de%20frottement

Record 22,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 23,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Inertia welding (friction welding) has become a viable production welding method for parts having radial symmetry such as compressor drums. In this process, the metal preparation procedures are the same as for other techniques. The essence of the method is to convert rotational kinetic energy into heat to bring about controlled degrees of fusion and extrusion. Inertia welding can be done in air.  5, record 23, English, - Inertia%20welding

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Intertia friction welding. Two workpiece parts to be joined are clamped rigidly in a sturdy fixed unit usually called the tailstock fixture and a rotating chuck assembly or collet drive. The spindle assembly, which includes one of the workpieces and any required flywheels, is rapidly accelerated to a pre-calculated speed, storing the energy required for welding. The spindle is disconnected from the drive source and begins to freewheel. At the same time, the ram assembly moves the non-rotating part axially to force both workpieces together, also a predetermined calculated(lbs.) thrust load. While the workpieces are thrust tightly together, friction between the interfaces convert kinetic energy stored in the rotating spindle and flywheel assemblies into heat at the interface, and finally into mechanical working of the plastic metals.  3, record 23, English, - Inertia%20welding

Record 23,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 CONT

On a coutume de distinguer deux modes de soudage selon la façon dont on exécute la friction : - le soudage par friction pilotée (FP) ou encore par entraînement direct ou conventionnel ( en anglais, continuous drive); - le soudage par friction inertielle (FI) ou encore par accumulation d'énergie (en anglais, Inertia welding, Inertia étant une marque de fabrique déposée par son inventeur). Ils donnent lieu à des assemblages identiques mais ont en pratique des domaines d'application distincts.  1, record 23, French, - soudage%20par%20friction%20inertielle

Record 23,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 24,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The portion of the shear strength, S, indicated by the term C, in coulomb's Equation,... where O is the normal stress on the incipient surface of failure and Q is the angle of internal friction. It has the nature of an intergranular binding force.  3, record 24, English, - cohesion

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 2 DEF

Bonding between particles of certain fine-grained soils that enhances shear strength and that is independent of confining pressure.  2, record 24, English, - cohesion

Record 24,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 DEF

La partie de la résistance au cisaillement S, indiquée par le terme C(1) dans l'équation de Coulomb S = C + SIG tan Fl où SIG est la contrainte normale sur la surface de rupture naissante et Fl est l'angle de frottement interne; "C" a la nature d'une force de liaison intergranulaire.  4, record 24, French, - coh%C3%A9sion

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 2 DEF

Résistance au cisaillement d'un sol sous une contrainte normale nulle. Dans l'équation de Coulomb [...] le premier terme C représente la cohésion.  2, record 24, French, - coh%C3%A9sion

Record 24,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 25,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The required tendon elongation and jacking force shall be computed based on the required prestressing force and a consideration of the stressing procedures and losses such as jack friction and anchorage set.  2, record 25, English, - prestressing%20force

Record 25,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 CONT

On doit, à partir de la force de précontrainte requise, calculer l'allongement du câble qu'il faut obtenir et la pression hydraulique qu'il faut exercer. On doit tenir compte des méthodes de mise en tension et des pertes dues au frottement dans le vérin ainsi qu'au tassement des ancrages.  1, record 25, French, - force%20de%20pr%C3%A9contrainte

Record 25,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 26,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Sample (friction fraction) - Starch (4.3) - b-D-glucan (0.4) - IDFb (77.2) - SDFb (1.6) - TDFb (78.8). [Source: ethanol project - lkstarwk.en p. 2].  1, record 26, English, - friction%20fraction

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 OBS

fraction: A portion of a mixture which represents a discrete unit and can be isolated from the whole system.  2, record 26, English, - friction%20fraction

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 2 OBS

friction : A force which opposes the relative motion of two bodies whenever such motion exists or whenever there exist other forces which tend to produce such motion.  2, record 26, English, - friction%20fraction

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 PHR

fraction of heavy grain.  3, record 26, English, - friction%20fraction

Record 26,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Échantillon (fraction de friction) - Amidon (4,3) - ß-D-glucane (0,4) - FAIb (77,2) - FASb (1,6) - FATb (78,8). [Source: projet éthanol - Lkstarwk.fr p. 2].  1, record 26, French, - fraction%20de%20friction

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Équivalent proposé par Nicole Fillion, Agriculture et Agroalimentaire Canada.  2, record 26, French, - fraction%20de%20friction

Record 26,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 27,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The gradual debranning of wheat bran was possible because wheat bran is composed of about eight layers and the physical binding force between these layers is loosened upon absorption of moisture. When different mechanical actions, such as friction and abrasion, are applied to tempered wheat, the "bran" can be sequentially removed(Dexter and Wood, 1996). The fractions, by-products of the debranning process, are rich in dietary fibre(Wood and Mullin, 1996) and may have great potential as functional food ingredients. Wheat bran may reduce the risk of colon cancer and alleviates constipation. [Source : ethanol project-Lkstarwk. en p. 1].  1, record 27, English, - debranning

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Debranning of wheat provides a starch enriched feedstock for ethanol production. The economics of this process will be greatly improved by utilization of the co-produced bran fractions. These products are novel; although previously commercially available combined in the form of conventional wheat bran, the separated fractions have not been available. The physicochemical and physiological properties of these fractions are not known, but they have significant potential for impact in the growing health food or functional food markets. [Source: ethanol project - Lkstarwk.en p. 1].  1, record 27, English, - debranning

Record 27,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Le décorticage graduel du son de blé est possible parce que le son de blé se compose d'environ huit couches et que la force physique qui unit ces couches diminue lorsque le son absorbe de l'eau. En soumettant le blé conditionné à divers traitements mécaniques comme la friction et l'abrasion, on peut en éliminer le «son» par étapes (Dexter et Wood, 1996). Les fractions ainsi obtenues, sous-produits du décorticage, sont riches en fibres alimentaires (Wood et Mullin, 1996) et pourraient avoir beaucoup de potentiel comme ingrédients alimentaires fonctionnels. Le son de blé, qui soulage la constipation, réduirait en outre le risque de cancer du côlon. [Source: projet éthanol - Lkstarwk.fr p. 1]  1, record 27, French, - d%C3%A9corticage

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Le décorticage du son donne un produit riche en amidon qui peut servir de matière première pour la production d'éthanol. La rentabilité de ce traitement s'accroîtrait considérablement si les co-produits du décorticage étaient utilisés. Il s'agit de produits nouveaux : on les trouvait auparavant sur le marché, combinés sous la forme classique du son de blé, mais les fractions n'étaient pas vendues séparément. Or, bien que leurs propriétés physico-chimiques et physiologiques nous soient inconnues, ces fractions ont cependant un potentiel considérable pour le marché des aliments santé ou fonctionnels, toujours en expansion. [Source: projet éthanol - Lkstarwk.fr p. 1].  1, record 27, French, - d%C3%A9corticage

Record 27,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 28,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 DEF

One of three kinds of rim or caliper brakes whose action originates from the side of the wheel(usually the left side), using one pivot point for two caliper arms. They are activated by means of a sheathed brake cable connected at one end to the brake lever mounted on the handlebar and at the other end to one of the caliper arms. When the hand lever is squeezed the cable retracts within its sheath, pulling the right caliper toward the rim and exerting an equal and opposite force on the cable sheath which, pressing downward, forces the left caliper toward the wheel rim, in such a way as to press rubber blocks against the rim simultaneously, stopping the bicycle through pressure and friction.  4, record 28, English, - sidepull%20brake

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... the sidepull brake has a firm feel that consumes only a little finger motion when varying the finger force to change the braking force.  5, record 28, English, - sidepull%20brake

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 2 CONT

With side-pull brakes you have a control cable that attaches directly to one of the caliper arms, usually on the left side.  3, record 28, English, - sidepull%20brake

Record 28,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Une des trois catégories de freins à friction sur jante conçus avec une seule articulation et dont l'action est déployée à partir du côté de la roue. Ils sont actionnés par des manettes de freins placées sur le guidon; le câble qui relie les mâchoires aux manettes a son point d'attache sur une des deux mâchoires seulement.  3, record 28, French, - freins%20%C3%A0%20tirage%20lat%C3%A9ral

Record 28,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 29,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A stationary and non-accelerating flow is described with du/dt=dv/dt=0. With this,(7-3) becomes a set of differential equations for u, v whose solution yields the Ekman spiral. However, if we are not interested in accurate solutions and consider one layer only, we can see the meaning of the friction force as first shown by C. M. Guldberg and H. Mohn in 1883. The wind profile near the earth's surface is usually convex, if represented on a graph with wind speed versus height. The wind speed increases from zero at the earth's surface to significant values near the anemometer level, and further increase of wind speed with height continues at a slower rate. In this situation, the second derivatives of u and v may be assumed proportional to-u and-v, respectively :  2, record 29, English, - anemometer%20level

Record 29,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Niveau immédiatement au-dessus de la couche limite de surface qui est pris comme point initial de la spirale d'Ekman.  1, record 29, French, - niveau%20an%C3%A9mom%C3%A9trique

Record 29,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 30,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A force which opposes the motion of any body which is rolling over the surface of another  2, record 30, English, - rolling%20friction

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 2 DEF

The force resisting the rolling of a body on a plane and due to the fact that the rolling body is moving up the side of the hollow caused by the elastic deformation of the plane. It is much smaller than sliding friction, especially with hard surfaces, hence the use of wheels and ball bearings.  3, record 30, English, - rolling%20friction

Record 30,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 DEF

frottement d'un corps qui roule sur un autre.  2, record 30, French, - frottement%20de%20roulement

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 OBS

(...) chaque fois que cela est possible, on remplace le glissement par un roulement sur billes, rouleaux, galets ou aiguilles.  2, record 30, French, - frottement%20de%20roulement

Record 30,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 31,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Rubbing of bodies in sliding contact.  2, record 31, English, - sliding%20friction

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Sliding friction. The force needed to keep one solid surface just sliding over another is known as kinetic or dynamic friction. The force which has to be applied to initiate motion is slightly greater and is called static or limiting friction.  3, record 31, English, - sliding%20friction

Record 31,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Frottement d'un corps qui glisse simplement sur un autre.  2, record 31, French, - frottement%20de%20glissement

Record 31,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 32,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In general, the air flow over the earth's surface is subject to a pressure gradient force, the Coriolis force and the force of friction at the surface. The relative importance of these forces, and consequently, the pattern of air motion, varies with height above the surface.  1, record 32, English, - pattern%20of%20air%20motion

Record 32,  Textual support,  French

Record 32,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 33,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The required tendon elongation and jacking force shall be computed based on the required prestressing force and a consideration of the stressing procedures and losses such as jack friction and anchorage set.  1, record 33, English, - jack%20friction

Record 33,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 OBS

On doit, à partir de la force de précontrainte requise, calculer l'allongement du câble qu'il faut obtenir et la pression hydraulique qu'il faut exercer. On doit tenir compte des méthodes de mise en tension et des pertes dues au frottement dans le vérin ainsi qu'au tassement des ancrages.  1, record 33, French, - frottement%20dans%20le%20v%C3%A9rin

Record 33,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 34,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The required tendon elongation and jacking force shall be computed based on the required prestressing force and a consideration of the stressing procedures and losses such as jack friction and anchorage set.  1, record 34, English, - tendon%20elongation

Record 34,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 OBS

On doit, à partir de la force de précontrainte requise, calculer l'allongement du câble qu'il faut obtenir et la pression hydraulique qu'il faut exercer. On doit tenir compte des méthodes de mise en tension et des pertes dues au frottement dans le vérin ainsi qu'au tassement des ancrages.  1, record 34, French, - allongement%20du%20c%C3%A2ble

Record 34,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 35,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The required tendon elongation and jacking force shall be computed based on the required prestressing force and a consideration of the stressing procedures and losses such as jack friction and anchorage set.  1, record 35, English, - anchorage%20set

Record 35,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 OBS

On doit, à partir de la force de précontrainte requise, calculer l'allongement du câble qu'il faut obtenir et la pression hydraulique qu'il faut exercer. On doit tenir compte des méthodes de mise en tension et des pertes dues au frottement dans le vérin ainsi qu'au tassement des ancrages.  1, record 35, French, - tassement%20des%20ancrages

Record 35,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 36,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A mechanism found on modern pickups which provides a small outward force on a pickup arm. This counteracts the arm's tendency to move toward the turntable center(inward) due to offset geometry, and reduces stylus-groove friction.  3, record 36, English, - antiskating%20device

Record 36,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Dispositif mécanique ou magnétique ayant pour but de compenser la force centripète à laquelle est soumis le bras de lecture du tourne-disque.  1, record 36, French, - compensateur%20de%20pouss%C3%A9e%20lat%C3%A9rale

Record 36,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 37,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 OBS

coefficient of friction : The ratio of the frictional force between two bodies in contact, parallel to the surface of contact, to the force, normal to the surface of contact, with which the bodies press against each other. Also known as friction coefficient.  2, record 37, English, - interfacial%20friction%20coefficient

Record 37,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 OBS

coefficient de frottement: Le rapport constant de la force de frottement de deux solides déterminés avec la réaction normale.  2, record 37, French, - coefficient%20de%20frottement%20des%20surfaces

Record 37,  Textual support,  Spanish