TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

What the hydrostatic balance is implying is that the vertical motion upwards is equal to the downward motion of gravity. In other words there is a net zero motion in the vertical direction.  3, record 1, English, - hydrostatic%20balance

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Air does not rush off into space because the upward-directed pressure gradient force is nearly always balanced by the downward force of gravity. When these two forces are in exact balance, the air is said to be in hydrostatic equilibrium.  2, record 1, English, - hydrostatic%20balance

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

On appelle équilibre hydrostatique l'équilibre entre la composante verticale de la force du gradient de pression et la force d'attraction due à la gravité. L'atmosphère est habituellement en équilibre hydrostatique sauf, par exemple, dans le cas du mouvement vertical associé aux orages et dans lequel l'air est accéléré vers le haut ou le bas.  2, record 1, French, - %C3%A9quilibre%20hydrostatique

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The Dimension 3000 Scanning Probe Microscope(SPM) encompasses several techniques for studying surface properties of materials at the atomic to micron scale. It measures surface structure and produces images with three-dimensional information. It measures surface roughness and maps the surface based on atomic force, friction, magnetic field, relative stiffness, or electric field gradient. Typical applications : 1. Studying surface of optical components(especially mirrors) [;] 2. Mapping of magnetic properties of tapes[;] 3. Measuring surface pit depth and width. Mode of operation : An atomically sharp tip, held at the end of a cantilever, is scanned in a regular pattern across a surface. As the tip probes the surface, the interaction between the surface and tip is measured using a laser-based system.  3, record 2, English, - scanning%20probe%20microscope

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le développement d'une famille d’outils d’analyse s'est poursuivie avec la réalisation du système SONOS, microscope-sonde à balayage (SPM), exploitable jusque dans le domaine des nanotechnologies, qui pourrait déboucher sur des premières applications destinées à l’ISS [Station spatiale internationale] avant d’être utilisé pour les missions d’exploration extraterrestre.  1, record 2, French, - microscope%2Dsonde%20%C3%A0%20balayage

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Los microscopios de sonda de barrido [...] utilizan una sonda que rastrea físicamente la muestra que se pretende estudiar. La sonda se mueve mecánicamente y recorre toda la muestra detectando cierta interacción que se produce entre ambas en cada posición, lo que permitirá la construcción de una imagen topográfica de ésta. Tienen resolución nanométrica, trabajan en condiciones normales de presión y temperatura y, frente a otros tipos de microscopios, no requieren apenas preparación de la muestra.  1, record 2, Spanish, - microscopio%20de%20sonda%20de%20barrido

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A flow gradient in which the horizontal pressure force exactly balances the Coriolis force.  2, record 3, English, - geostrophic%20flow

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A scalar function whose negative gradient is equal to some vector field, at least when this field is time-independent; for example, the potential energy of a particle in a conservative force field, and the electrostatic potential.  2, record 4, English, - scalar%20potential

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Si le rotationnel d'un champ vectoriel est nul, alors on peut écrire ce champ vectoriel sous forme du gradient d'une fonction scalaire, c'est le potentiel scalaire [...]  2, record 4, French, - potentiel%20scalaire

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

In the United States, a strong, easterly wind, often locally referred to as canyon wind, blowing out of the mouths of the canyons of the Wasatch Mountains onto the plains of Utah.  2, record 5, English, - Wasatch%20wind

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Wasatch winds... are produced by a strong large-scale west to east pressure gradient and are best developed when there is a large high over Wyoming or a vigorous low to the west or southwest in Utah or Arizona. In extreme cases they can exceed hurricane force. The strong winds are mainly limited to the canyons, especially in winter, but in some circumstances extend beyond them onto the plain.  2, record 5, English, - Wasatch%20wind

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Forts vents d'est provenant des bouches des canyons des montagnes Wasatch et soufflant sur les plaines de l'Utah aux U.S.A.  1, record 5, French, - vent%20des%20Wasatch

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Plants lose water to the atmosphere whenever stomata are open. Thus, plants have to give up water to obtain carbon for photosynthesis. This transfer of water to the atmosphere through plants is called transpiration.  1, record 6, English, - transfer%20of%20water%20through%20plants

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Water transfer from soil through plants to the atmosphere.... The basic assumption is that the driving force for water transport, from the soil through the plant to the atmosphere, is the gradient in energy level of the water over this pathway. In the soil, this energy level is expressed by the water potential of the soil in the root zone.  2, record 6, English, - transfer%20of%20water%20through%20plants

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Transfert à travers les plantes. Il est provoqué par la transpiration qui entraîne une absorption au niveau des racines et un prélèvement sur les réserves de la plante; ce prélèvement est nul en début de journée, puis il devient positif en cours de journée; en fin de journée et surtout la nuit, il est négatif, c'est-à-dire qu'il y a reconstitution des réserves de la plante.  4, record 6, French, - transfert%20%C3%A0%20travers%20les%20plantes

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Dynamique de l'eau dans le sol. A. Diffusion de l'eau à l'état de vapeur [...] B. Transfert de l'eau liquide en sol saturé. [...] C. Transfert de l'eau liquide en sol non saturé [...] D. Généralisation au transfert sol-feuille [...]  2, record 6, French, - transfert%20%C3%A0%20travers%20les%20plantes

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Amplitude and phase of 24-and 12-hours oscillations strongly depended on the electric field magnitude. This suggests that electromagnetic force such as ion drag and pressure gradient caused by Joule and particle heating can generate and/or modulate thermospheric tides in the transient region.  2, record 7, English, - thermospheric%20tide

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 8,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Force applied to each particle of a fluid as the result of the non-uniform field of pressure.  1, record 8, English, - pressure%2Dgradient%20force

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 OBS

It [the force] acts in the direction and sense of the pressure gradient; for a particle of unit mass its magnitude is(1/p) grad p, p being the fluid density and grad p, the pressure gradient.  1, record 8, English, - pressure%2Dgradient%20force

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Force s'appliquant sur chaque particule d'un fluide par suite de la non-uniformité du champ de pression.  2, record 8, French, - force%20de%20pression

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Elle [la force] s'exerce dans la direction et le sens du gradient de pression; pour une particule de masse unitaire, son intensité est (1/p) grad p, p étant la densité du fluide et grad p, le gradient de pression.  2, record 8, French, - force%20de%20pression

Record 8,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Fuerza aplicada a todas las partículas de un fluido, ocasionada por la falta de uniformidad del campo de la presión.  1, record 8, Spanish, - fuerza%20del%20gradiente%20de%20presi%C3%B3n

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Actúa en la dirección y en el sentido del gradiente de presión; para una partícula con unidad de masa, su magnitud viene dada por (1/p) grad p, donde p es la densidad del fluido y grad p el gradiente de presión.  1, record 8, Spanish, - fuerza%20del%20gradiente%20de%20presi%C3%B3n

Record 9,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A treatment in which a preservative of the waterborne-type is applied to green timber in a paste or concentrated solution, and gradually moves into the wet wood under the force of the concentration gradient.  1, record 9, English, - diffusion%20treatment

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Bore-hole treatment and gun injection are modifications ...  1, record 9, English, - diffusion%20treatment

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Traitement suivant lequel un produit de préservation hydrosoluble appliqué à du bois vert sous forme d'une pâte, ou d'une solution concentrée, y pénètre progressivement sous l'effet du gradient de concentration.  1, record 9, French, - traitement%20par%20diffusion

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Les traitements de bois en service par forage de canaux d'injection sont aussi des applications de la pénétration par diffusion.  1, record 9, French, - traitement%20par%20diffusion

Record 9,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 10,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 OBS

An idealized treatment of a fluid between two large parallel plates(to permit ignoring edge effects) of area A, separated by a distance h. If one plate moves relative to the other with a constant velocity V, requiring a force F acting in the direction of movement, and the density, pressure, and viscosity throughout the fluid are constant, the Newtonian equation can be coupled with the equations of motion and of continuity to show that the velocity gradient in the fluid is constant... This idealized case(simple shear) is sometimes used to define shear viscosity.  1, record 10, English, - simple%20shear

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Un traitement idéalisé d'un fluide entre deux grandes plaques parallèles (qui permettent d'ignorer les effets de bords), de superficie A et séparées par une distance h. Si pour déplacer l'une des plaques par rapport à l'autre, avec une vitesse constante V, il faut appliquer une force F agissant dans la direction opposée à celle du mouvement alors que la densité, la pression et la viscosité de l'ensemble du fluide restent constants, l'équation de Newton peut être couplée aux équations de mouvement et de continuité pour montrer que le gradient de la vitesse dans le fluide reste constant [...] Ce cas idéalisé (cisaillement simple) est quelquefois utilisé pour définir la viscosité de cisaillement.  1, record 10, French, - cisaillement%20simple

Record 10,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 11,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A plume is a local fluctuation in the fluid temperature... which detaches itself at more or less regular intervals from the boundaries responsible for the temperature gradient in the fluid. Plumes exist mainly in high Prandtl number fluids, for the following reason. For a fluid to have a high Prandtl number means that its kinematic viscosity is much greater than its thermal diffusivity. The effectiveness of thermal diffusion is therefore low, permitting high gradients of temperature and also of density to exist for a long time before relaxing. This causes large fluctuations in the Archimedean force which drives the plumes.  3, record 11, English, - plume

Record 11,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Bouffée verticale provoquée par la fluctuation locale de la température d'un fluide.  2, record 11, French, - plume

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 PHR

La plume arrive, atteint la couche limite, crée une perturbation, déforme l'image, se déplace, se détache, s'étire, se forme, glisse en travers, infléchit des rayons, monte, meurt, naît, produit des structures, se propage, remonte.  2, record 11, French, - plume

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 2 PHR

couper, émettre une plume.  2, record 11, French, - plume

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 3 PHR

plume ascendante, canonique, chaude, descendante, fractale, froide, thermique.  2, record 11, French, - plume

Record 11,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 12,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... the United States Air Force and Navy do not allow any grade change within 3, 000 ft of runway ends. Frequent changes in the gradient can also affect the sight distance.  1, record 12, English, - grade%20change

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 2 CONT

... if a break in grade of 2 per cent is encountered, the minimum length of vertical curve required is 400 ft. If the change in grade had been only 1/2 per cent, then no vertical curve would be required.  1, record 12, English, - grade%20change

Record 12,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

(...) on mène des ordonnées par tous les points de changement de pente du terrain naturel et par tous les points de changement de pente (en travers) du projet. On divise ainsi par des lignes verticales la surface à calculer en surfaces élémentaires (...) dont il s'agit maintenant de calculer les éléments (...) Il faut pour cela calculer et inscrire, d'une part toutes les cotes du terrain à chaque changement de pente du projet, et d'autre part toutes les cotes du projet à chaque changement de pente du terrain naturel, enfin calculer les distances séparant ces différents points.  2, record 12, French, - changement%20de%20pente

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Les rayons de courbure aux changements de pente en profil longitudinal ne devant par être inférieurs à 10 000 m en classes A ou B et 5 000 m en classe C, la distance entre les points d'intersection des tangentes aux point de raccord des deux courbes de raccordement successives doit être au moins égale au produit par 7 500 m de la somme des valeurs absorbées des deux changements de pente correspondants.  3, record 12, French, - changement%20de%20pente

Record 12,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 13,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In general, the air flow over the earth's surface is subject to a pressure gradient force, the Coriolis force and the force of friction at the surface. The relative importance of these forces, and consequently, the pattern of air motion, varies with height above the surface.  1, record 13, English, - pattern%20of%20air%20motion

Record 13,  Textual support,  French

Record 13,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 14,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The hydraulic conductivity divided by the differential water capacity,(using consistent units), or the flux of water per unit gradient of moisture content in the absence of other force fields.  1, record 14, English, - soil%20water%20diffusivity

Record 14,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Rapport de la conductivité hydraulique à la capacité de rétention différentielle de l'eau (exprimées en unités compatibles), ou la vitesse d'écoulement de l'eau par unité de gradient de la teneur en eau, en l'absence d'autres champs de force.  1, record 14, French, - capacit%C3%A9%20de%20diffusion%20de%20l%27eau%20dans%20le%20sol

Record 14,  Textual support,  Spanish