TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Plasma fractionation refers to the overall process of separating the various components of blood-derived plasma.  1, record 1, English, - blood%20plasma%20fractionation

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le fractionnement est le processus utilisé pour fabriquer les protéines plasmatiques.  4, record 1, French, - fractionnement%20du%20plasma%20sanguin

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The process of purifying a liquid by distillation.  2, record 2, English, - rectification

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Fractional distillation is used when the boiling points of the components of the mixture are close to each other... The fractionation column is used to separate the components using a series of [distillations] called rectification.  3, record 2, English, - rectification

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Opération qui consiste à soumettre à une série de distillations fractionnées un mélange que l'on veut purifier ou dont on veut isoler les constituants.  2, record 2, French, - rectification

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada(AAFC) [has] developed a new, lightning-fast way to generate pure, plant-based compounds for analysis, aptly named ultra-micro-scale-fractionation(UMSF). Traditional bioassay guided fractionation – a process to isolate a pure chemical agent from a natural origin, such as plant extracts – often takes many days to purify individual compounds and produces large volumes of waste.  2, record 3, English, - ultra%2Dmicro%2Dscale%2Dfractionation

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[Des scientifiques d'Agriculture et Agroalimentaire Canada] ont mis au point une nouvelle méthode ultrarapide pour obtenir des composés phytochimiques purs aux fins d'analyse, que l'on pourrait nommer «fractionnement à échelle ultramicro» (FEUM). Le fractionnement guidé par essais biologiques, méthode classique utilisée pour isoler un agent chimique pur d'une source naturelle, comme des extraits de plantes, requiert souvent plusieurs jours pour l'isolement de composés, en plus de produire de grands volumes de déchets.  1, record 3, French, - fractionnement%20%C3%A0%20%C3%A9chelle%20ultramicro

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Accelerated fractionation means giving the total dose of radiation over a shorter period of time by giving radiation more than once a day. This allows radiation treatments to be completed more quickly...  1, record 4, English, - accelerated%20fractionation

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le fractionnement accéléré est l'administration de la dose totale de radiation sur une plus courte période puisqu'on fait plus d'une séance par jour. Cela permet de finir le traitement plus rapidement […]  1, record 4, French, - fractionnement%20acc%C3%A9l%C3%A9r%C3%A9

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[A product] obtained by controlled thermal degradation of wood in a limited supply of oxygen(pyrolysis), subsequent condensation of the resultant smoke vapours, and fractionation of the resulting liquid products.  1, record 5, English, - smoke%20condensate

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[...] produit de la dégradation thermique contrôlée du bois avec un approvisionnement limité d'oxygène (pyrolyse), suivie de la condensation des vapeurs de fumée qui en résulte et du fractionnement des produits liquides obtenus.  1, record 5, French, - condensat%20de%20fum%C3%A9e

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The process by means of which macromolecular species differing in some characteristic (chemical composition, relative molecular mass, branching, stereoregularity, etc.) are separated from each other.  2, record 6, English, - fractionation

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

In general, the separation or isolation of a mixture or a micromolecular complex... Macromolecular components(proteins and other high polymers) can be separated by a number of methods, including electrophoresis, gel filtration, chromatography, centrifugation, foam fractionation, and partition.  3, record 6, English, - fractionation

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 2 OBS

fractionation : term and definition standardized by ISO.  4, record 6, English, - fractionation

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Processus par lequel des espèces macromoléculaires différenciées les unes des autres par une caractéristique quelconque (composition chimique, masse moléculaire relative, ramification, stéréorégularité, etc.) sont séparées les unes des autres.  2, record 6, French, - fractionnement

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

fractionnement : terme et définition normalisés par l'ISO.  3, record 6, French, - fractionnement

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Proceso por medio del cual especies macromoleculares que difieren en alguna característica (composición química, masa molecular relativa, ramificación, estereoregularidad, etc.) se separan unas de otras.  1, record 6, Spanish, - fraccionamiento

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A type of column packing used in distillation columns.  1, record 7, English, - Berl%20saddle

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS

column : a vertical tube or tower through which gases or vapor are passed to purify them; especially one used in connection with distillation equipment for effecting a fractionation of the vapors(as by the use of plates with bubble caps or of packing).  2, record 7, English, - Berl%20saddle

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Corps de garnissage pour colonne de distillation. (...) Le premier garnissage utilisé était constitué de petits cylindres creux ayant un diamètre extérieur égal à leur hauteur: les anneaux Raschig réalisés en céramique ou en métal. On a créé par la suite d'autres formes telles que les "selles de Berl", (...) on fractionne la hauteur du garnissage en plusieurs tronçons de 1 à 2 m d'épaisseur supportés par des grilles, et on redistribue le liquide entre chaque tronçon par des pulvérisateurs ou des plateaux distributeurs.  2, record 7, French, - selle%20de%20Berl

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS

colonne de distillation: (...) appareil servant à fractionner un mélange.  2, record 7, French, - selle%20de%20Berl

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 8,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Gas originating in the processing of crude petroleum or feedstocks and comprising principally hydrocarbons. [Definition standardized by ISO.]  2, record 8, English, - refinery%20gas

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Principal sources [of LPG] are natural gas and refinery gas, from which the liquefied petroleum gases are separated by fractionation.  3, record 8, English, - refinery%20gas

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The composition of this gas varies in accordance with the refining process from which it is produced, but it consists essentially of the same paraffin hydrocarbons as natural gas, plus olefins (as propylene, butylene, and ethylene) not found in natural gas.  3, record 8, English, - refinery%20gas

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 2 OBS

refinery gas: term standardized by ISO.  4, record 8, English, - refinery%20gas

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Gaz provenant des opérations de traitement du pétrole brut ou des charges d'alimentation et contenant principalement des hydrocarbures. [Définition normalisée par l'ISO.]  2, record 8, French, - gaz%20de%20raffinerie

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 OBS

gaz de raffinerie : terme normalisé par l'ISO.  3, record 8, French, - gaz%20de%20raffinerie

Record 8,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 9,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The fractionation column in a petroleum refinery used to stabilize(remove fractions from) hydrocarbon mixtures.  3, record 9, English, - stabilizer

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The stabilizing is carried out by rectifying under pressure ... to obtain a ... cut between the fractions, so that only the undesired light components are eliminated. The rectifying installations are called stabilizers.  4, record 9, English, - stabilizer

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Colonne à plateaux servant à stabiliser une essence en séparant les fractions trop volatiles.  4, record 9, French, - stabilisateur

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les hydrocarbures légers [...] débarrassés dans un condenseur des gaz incondensables, sont envoyés dans une colonne de stabilisation.  5, record 9, French, - stabilisateur

Record 9,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Columna de platillos para estabilizar la gasolina.  2, record 9, Spanish, - estabilizador

Record 10,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The relative enrichment of one isotope of an element over another, owing to slight variations in their physical and chemical properties.  3, record 10, English, - isotopic%20fractionation

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Isotope fractionation describes processes that affect the relative abundance of isotopes, often used in isotope geochemistry. Normally, the focus is on stable isotopes of the same element. Isotopic fractionation in the natural environment can be measured by isotope analysis, using isotope-ratio mass spectrometry, to separate different element isotopes on the basis of their mass-to-charge ratio,...  4, record 10, English, - isotopic%20fractionation

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le concept de fractionnement isotopique rend compte des variations dans la répartition des isotopes d'un élément. De façon simple, l'expression «fractionnement isotopique» correspond simplement à la répartition des isotopes d'un élément.  3, record 10, French, - fractionnement%20isotopique

Record 10,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 11,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Upstream producers separate propane from natural gas through gas plant processing and fractionation... or produce it as a by-product of crude oil refining...  1, record 11, English, - upstream%20producer

Record 11,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les producteurs en amont séparent le propane du gaz naturel à l'usine de traitement et par fractionnement [...], ou le dérivent comme sous-produit du raffinage du pétrole brut [...]  1, record 11, French, - producteur%20en%20amont

Record 11,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 12,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Our research group is involved in the screening of plants for antimicrobial and anti-oxidative activity and isolation of compounds responsible for these activities by bioassay guided fractionation.  1, record 12, English, - bioassay%20guided%20fractionation

Record 12,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les compagnies de biotechnologies sont toujours à la recherche de nouveaux extraits ou ingrédients. La plateforme fractionnement bioguidé sert à découvrir de nouvelles molécules bioactives provenant de la biomasse marine ou terrestre. [...] La biomasse est d'abord transformée en poudre et extraite à l'aide de solvants de polarité différente afin d'obtenir une grande variété de substances dérivées.  1, record 12, French, - fractionnement%20bioguid%C3%A9

Record 12,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 13,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A chemical product which appears under the form of a colorless liquid with a lemonlike odor, is derived either from various essential oils, by close fractionation of wood turpentine or as a by-product in making synthetic camphor, and which is used as a solvent, in rubber compounding and reclaiming, as a dispersing agent, in paints, enamels, lacquers and varnishes, as a general wetting and dispersing agent, in printing inks, in perfumes, in flavors, in floor waxes and furniture polishes, in synthetic resins and polyterpenes.  7, record 13, English, - 1%2Dmethyl%2D4%2D%28prop%2D1%2Den%2D2%2Dyl%29cyclohex%2D1%2Dene

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 OBS

1-methyl-4-(prop-1-en-2-yl)cyclohex-1-ene: form recommended by the IUPAC (International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry).  1, record 13, English, - 1%2Dmethyl%2D4%2D%28prop%2D1%2Den%2D2%2Dyl%29cyclohex%2D1%2Dene

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 2 OBS

alpha: This word must be replaced by the corresponding Greek letter or italicized.  1, record 13, English, - 1%2Dmethyl%2D4%2D%28prop%2D1%2Den%2D2%2Dyl%29cyclohex%2D1%2Dene

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 3 OBS

The prefixes "dl" and "p" must be italicized.  7, record 13, English, - 1%2Dmethyl%2D4%2D%28prop%2D1%2Den%2D2%2Dyl%29cyclohex%2D1%2Dene

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 4 OBS

Chemical formula: C₁₀H₁₆  7, record 13, English, - 1%2Dmethyl%2D4%2D%28prop%2D1%2Den%2D2%2Dyl%29cyclohex%2D1%2Dene

Record 13,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Produit chimique se présentant sous la forme d'un liquide incolore, à odeur de citron, que l'on utilise comme aromatisant, agent dispersant, agent mouillant, solvant pour cires et vernis, dans les résines et les polyterpènes et en parfumerie.  4, record 13, French, - 1%2Dm%C3%A9thyl%2D4%2D%28prop%2D1%2D%C3%A9n%2D2%2Dyl%29cyclohex%2D1%2D%C3%A8ne

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[...] le pinène bicyclique s'isomérise en camphène bicycle, mais il peut donner également les monocycles que sont le dipentène, le terpinolène et le terpinène.  5, record 13, French, - 1%2Dm%C3%A9thyl%2D4%2D%28prop%2D1%2D%C3%A9n%2D2%2Dyl%29cyclohex%2D1%2D%C3%A8ne

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 OBS

1-méthyl-4-(prop-1-én-2-yl)cyclohex-1-ène : forme recommandée par l'UICPA (Union internationale de chimie pure et appliquée).  1, record 13, French, - 1%2Dm%C3%A9thyl%2D4%2D%28prop%2D1%2D%C3%A9n%2D2%2Dyl%29cyclohex%2D1%2D%C3%A8ne

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 2 OBS

p-mentha-1,8-diène : Le préfixe «p» s'écrit en italique.  1, record 13, French, - 1%2Dm%C3%A9thyl%2D4%2D%28prop%2D1%2D%C3%A9n%2D2%2Dyl%29cyclohex%2D1%2D%C3%A8ne

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 3 OBS

alpha : Ce mot doit être remplacé par la lettre grecque correspondante ou s'écrire en italique.  1, record 13, French, - 1%2Dm%C3%A9thyl%2D4%2D%28prop%2D1%2D%C3%A9n%2D2%2Dyl%29cyclohex%2D1%2D%C3%A8ne

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Formule chimique : C₁₀H₁₆  1, record 13, French, - 1%2Dm%C3%A9thyl%2D4%2D%28prop%2D1%2D%C3%A9n%2D2%2Dyl%29cyclohex%2D1%2D%C3%A8ne

Record 13,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Líquido incoloro; olor a limón; miscible con alcohol; insoluble en agua. Inflamable. Tóxico.  3, record 13, Spanish, - dipenteno

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Fórmula química: C₁₀H₁₆  4, record 13, Spanish, - dipenteno

Record 14,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Gel produced by cross-linking selected dextran fractions with epichlorhydrin and marketed in bead form. Various types of gels are available, differing in pore size and swelling characteristics, according to the degree of cross-linking.  2, record 14, English, - Sephadex%C2%AE

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Sephadex is used in gel filtration. Gels in which the matrix is a minor component are used for fractionation of high molecular weight substances; denser gels are used for separation of low molecular weight compounds. Sephadex is available in eight porosities which provide the fractionation of globular proteins with molecular weights of up to 8 x 10⁵ and linear polymers of up to 2 x 10⁵.  2, record 14, English, - Sephadex%C2%AE

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Sephadex® is a registered trademark of Pharmacia Biotechnology AB.  3, record 14, English, - Sephadex%C2%AE

Record 14,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Nom déposé d'un gel de dextran modifié, obtenu par réticulation des macromolécules par l'épichlorhydrine pour former un réseau tridimensionnel de chaînes de polysaccharides se présentant sous forme de très petits grains sphériques (perles).  3, record 14, French, - S%C3%A9phadex

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les gels de dextrane utilisés (type Sephadex) sont des polyosides comportant un nombre variable de liaisons croisées lesquelles déterminent un degré de porosité; la pénétration des macromolécules dans ces gels est plus ou moins facile selon leur taille d'où le nom de «tamis moléculaires» que l'on donne parfois à ces colonnes de gel de dextrane : les plus grosses molécules, exclues du gel, sortiront les premières de la colonne, tandis que les plus petites, pouvant y pénétrer, seront retardées et sortiront en dernier.  4, record 14, French, - S%C3%A9phadex

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Sephadex® : marque déposée.  3, record 14, French, - S%C3%A9phadex

Record 14,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 15,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Gravity fractionation occurs during the early stages of magmatic crystallization when the magma is still dominantly liquid and crystals can sink through it to accumulate at the base of the magma chamber or interlayered with other early-formed minerals.  2, record 15, English, - early%2Dformed%20mineral

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 OBS

As opposed to "late magmatic mineral".  3, record 15, English, - early%2Dformed%20mineral

Record 15,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Lorsque les cristaux sont bien individualisés, le minéral est dit automorphe; dans le cas contraire (pas de forme propre), [il] est dit xénomorphe. Le premier cas correspond aux minéraux qui cristallisent précocement, ils peuvent alors développer leurs formes propres, le second aux minéraux plus tardifs qui remplissent les espaces laissés libres par les premiers.  3, record 15, French, - min%C3%A9ral%20pr%C3%A9coce

Record 15,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 16,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 CONT

1940 Edwin Cohn, a professor of biological chemistry at Harvard Medical School, develops cold ethanol fractionation, the process of breaking down plasma into components and products. Albumin, a protein with powerful osmotic properties, plus gamma globulin and fibrinogen are isolated and become available for clinical use.  1, record 16, English, - cold%20ethanol%20fractionation

Record 16,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Technique de fractionnement du plasma à l'éthanol froid.  1, record 16, French, - fractionnement%20de%20Cohn

Record 16,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 17,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Liquid gel chromatography(LGC) is an established laboratory technique for the differential fractionation and separation of molecules. The underlying premise for simple LGC is that molecules elute from a gel bed in order of decreasing molecular weight. Generally, gel particles fill a chromatography column to form a bed. When the molecules to be partitioned, such as cells or proteins are introduced and driven through the bed by supplemental eluent, the molecules separate on the basis of molecular weight.  2, record 17, English, - liquid%2Dgel%20chromatography

Record 17,  Textual support,  French

Record 17,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Cromatografía de líquidos en la que la fase estacionaria es un gel.  1, record 17, Spanish, - cromatograf%C3%ADa%20l%C3%ADquido%2Dgel

Record 18,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Chromatographic analysis in which the stationary phase consists of beads of porous polymeric material sold under the trade name Sephadex; the mobile phase is liquid.  10, record 18, English, - gel%20permeation%20chromatography

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Gel Filtration Chromatography. The gel filtration method is a relatively new fractionation procedure in liquid chromatography for the separation of molecules according to the differences in size and shape and can be considered a a kind of "molecular sieve. "This method has also been referred to in some publications as exclusion chromatography, restricted diffusion chromatography, restricted diffusion chromatography, gel chromatography and gel permeation chromatography, just to mention a few.  12, record 18, English, - gel%20permeation%20chromatography

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Gel permeation chromatography ... is the preferred term for what has also been known variously as exclusion chromatography, gel chromatography and gel filtration.  13, record 18, English, - gel%20permeation%20chromatography

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 2 OBS

"Gel chromatography" is an inclusive term to designate all forms of exclusion chromatography.  10, record 18, English, - gel%20permeation%20chromatography

Record 18,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Analyse chromatographique dans laquelle la phase stationnaire est formée de perles de substance poreuse et la phase mobile est liquide.  8, record 18, French, - chromatographie%20sur%20gel

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 OBS

La substance poreuse utilisée est connue commercialement sous l'appellation Sephadex.  8, record 18, French, - chromatographie%20sur%20gel

Record 18,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Procedimiento cromatográfico que separa distintas sustancias en función de sus tamaños moleculares.  3, record 18, Spanish, - filtraci%C3%B3n%20en%20gel

Record 19,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Discovered by Chancel in 1853 in crude fusel oil and obtained there from by fractionation... Liquid; alcoholic and slightly stupefying odor... Miscible with water, alcohol, ether... Use : As a solvent for resins and cellulose esters, etc.  10, record 19, English, - propan%2D1%2Dol

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 2 OBS

propan-1-ol: form recommended by the IUPAC (International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry) for the systematic name corresponding to the CAS number indicated on the present record.  2, record 19, English, - propan%2D1%2Dol

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 3 OBS

n-: This abbreviation (of "normal") must be italicized.  11, record 19, English, - propan%2D1%2Dol

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 4 OBS

Chemical formula: C₃H₈O or CH₃CH₂CH₂OH  11, record 19, English, - propan%2D1%2Dol

Record 19,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 OBS

[...] liquide volatil [...] miscible à l'eau ainsi qu'à de nombreux solvants organiques. Il se trouve en abondance dans les huiles de Fusel d'où on l'extrait par rectifications successives. Il a peu d'utilisations : quelques applications en parfumerie, et comme aromatisant pour donner une saveur de rhum à des boissons alcooliques. On l'obtient industriellement en oxydant du propane par l'air.  9, record 19, French, - propan%2D1%2Dol

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 2 OBS

propan-1-ol : forme recommandée par l'UICPA (Union internationale de chimie pure et appliquée) pour le nom systématique correspondant au numéro CAS indiqué sur la présente fiche.  3, record 19, French, - propan%2D1%2Dol

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 3 OBS

n- : Cette abréviation (de «normal») s'écrit en italique.  10, record 19, French, - propan%2D1%2Dol

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 4 OBS

Formule chimique : C₃H₈O ou CH₃CH₂CH₂OH  10, record 19, French, - propan%2D1%2Dol

Record 19,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Líquido incoloro. Soluble en agua, alcohol y éter. Poco tóxico. Inflamable.  3, record 19, Spanish, - alcohol%20prop%C3%ADlico

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Fórmula química: C₃H₈O o CH₃CH₂CH₂OH  4, record 19, Spanish, - alcohol%20prop%C3%ADlico

Record 20,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Transformation in the environment :... the fate of the various PCBs in commercial mixtures depends on their physical and chemical properties. Some fractionation occurs during the volalitization.... The PCBs are chemically very stable, and are not likely to be degraded at a significant rate by hydrolytic... reactions under environmental conditions. They are, however, fairly easily degraded by photolysis under laboratory conditions.  1, record 20, English, - transformation

Record 20,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Altération subie par un système chimique.  1, record 20, French, - transformation

Record 20,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Proceso en el que cambia la naturaleza de las sustancias, además de formarse otras nuevas.  1, record 20, Spanish, - transformaci%C3%B3n%20qu%C3%ADmica

Record 21,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Term usually used in the plural form.  2, record 21, English, - molecular%20characteristic%20of%20barley%20starch%20polymers

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Term used in abstract on FFF [flow field-flow fractionation] published in Cereal Chemistry, May 2003.  1, record 21, English, - molecular%20characteristic%20of%20barley%20starch%20polymers

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 3 OBS

Term used at the Canadian Grain Commission.  2, record 21, English, - molecular%20characteristic%20of%20barley%20starch%20polymers

Record 21,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Terme utilisé généralement au pluriel.  2, record 21, French, - caract%C3%A9ristique%20mol%C3%A9culaire%20des%20polym%C3%A8res%20d%27amidon%20d%27orge

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Terme tiré d'un résumé sur la technique FFF [fractionnement par couplage flux-force] publié dans Cereal Chemistry en mai 2003.  1, record 21, French, - caract%C3%A9ristique%20mol%C3%A9culaire%20des%20polym%C3%A8res%20d%27amidon%20d%27orge

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 3 OBS

Terme en usage à la Commission canadienne des grains.  2, record 21, French, - caract%C3%A9ristique%20mol%C3%A9culaire%20des%20polym%C3%A8res%20d%27amidon%20d%27orge

Record 21,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 22,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Phenomenon which arises as a result of the build-up of a layer of rejected solute at the membrane surface which impedes solvent flow. The resistance to flow due to this layer thus increases until a point is reached where the rate of diffusion of solute away from the polarization layer equals the rate of deposition. This phenomenon also explains why the solvent flux often becomes invariant with an increasing transmembrane pressure drop. Although solvent flux through a membrane is a hydraulic pressure-activated process and should increase with increasing pressure, a point is reached where the rate of build-up of the solute polarization layer is such that flow is impeded and further increases in pressure have no effect.  2, record 22, English, - concentration%20polarization

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Concentration is the only important application with regard to initial enzyme recovery. Coarse fractionation is rarely attempted on a large scale, mainly because concentration polarisation... occurs during ultra-filtration, effectively preventing an adequate separation. Equally, removal of salts and low molecular weight species alone is not the prime consideration, although ultrafiltration is commonly used to this end later in enzyme purification processes.  4, record 22, English, - concentration%20polarization

Record 22,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Grâce à leurs propriétés plastiques, les supports membranaires peuvent équiper des réacteurs de conceptions technologiques très diverses. Dans certains cas, la membrane constitue une simple barrière physique retenant les macromolécules dans le compartiment réactionnel : c'est le principe des membranes d'ultrafiltration utilisées pour récupérer le biocatalyseur dans les réacteurs agités. [...] Le principal inconvénient de cette technique est le phénomène de "polarisation" qui se traduit par une accumulation des composés de haut poids moléculaire sur la face amont de la membrane et un colmatage des pores.  2, record 22, French, - polarisation

Record 22,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 23,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Technique used for the purification of macromolecules. It combines chromatographic and electrophoretic principles.  2, record 23, English, - chromatofocusing

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Chromatofocusing... is far more suitable to large-scale applications, although all the applications described so far are only small-scale. Chromatofocusing has been used for the fractionation of hexokinases from yeast... and in the presence of 6M urea for the fractionation of bovine eye-lens crystalline.  2, record 23, English, - chromatofocusing

Record 23,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Avant d'analyser un échantillon par électrophorèse, il serait souhaitable de réaliser une courbe de titrage du mélange de protéines. Ce test détermine la technique chromatographique à utiliser pour résoudre le mélange : échange d'anions, échange de cations ou chromatofocalisation.  2, record 23, French, - chromatofocalisation

Record 23,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 24,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[The] outer layers or seed coat of cereal grains(e. g. wheat, rye, corn, oats, and other cereal crops) mechanically removed and separated from the endosperm during milling and/or other grain fractionation techniques.  2, record 24, English, - bran

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 OBS

bran: term and definition extracted from the Glossary of the Canadian Grain Commission.  3, record 24, English, - bran

Record 24,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Membranes extérieures ou enveloppes des céréales (p. ex. blé, seigle, maïs, avoine, et autres céréales) qui sont extraites et séparées mécaniquement de l'albumen durant la mouture ou d'autres techniques de fractionnement des grains.  2, record 24, French, - son

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 OBS

son : terme et définition extraits du Glossaire de la Commission canadienne des grains.  3, record 24, French, - son

Record 24,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Cáscara del grano de los cereales desmenuzada por la molienda.  2, record 24, Spanish, - salvado

Record 25,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Fractionation of toxic extracts of [Aspergillus] ustus gave averufin and versicolorin C and in addition nine new xanthones, which are collectively called the austocystins(A-I)... Novel features of the austocystins are the linear fusion of the xanthone and bisdihydrofuran moieties and the frequent presence of either an isopentyl side-chain or a chlorine atom.  2, record 25, English, - austocystin

Record 25,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Étude par le test de Ames de l'activité mutagène des austocystines A, B, C, D et H (mycotoxines de structure proche des aflatoxines B1) [...]  1, record 25, French, - austocystine

Record 25,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 26,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Flow field-flow fractionation(flow FFF) with frit inlet and frit outlet mode(FIFO) was coupled online to multiangle light scattering(MALS) and refractive index(RI) detectors to investigate the molecular characteristics of normal and zero amylose barley starch polymers.  2, record 26, English, - normal%20and%20zero%20amylose%20barley%20starch

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Term used at the Canadian Grain Commission.  3, record 26, English, - normal%20and%20zero%20amylose%20barley%20starch

Record 26,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Terme en usage à la Commission canadienne des grains.  2, record 26, French, - amidon%20d%27orge%20normal%20et%20%C3%A0%20z%C3%A9ro%20pourcent%20d%27amylose

Record 26,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 27,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[The] results are in good agreement with the theoretical prediction of the molecular conformation of amylose and amylopectin.  2, record 27, English, - molecular%20conformation%20of%20amylose%20and%20amylopectin

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Term used in abstract on FFF [flow field-flow fractionation] published in Cereal Chemistry, May 2003.  3, record 27, English, - molecular%20conformation%20of%20amylose%20and%20amylopectin

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Term used at the Canadian Grain Commission.  4, record 27, English, - molecular%20conformation%20of%20amylose%20and%20amylopectin

Record 27,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Terme tiré d'un résumé sur la technique FFF [fractionnement par couplage flux-force] publié dans Cereal Chemistry en mai 2003.  1, record 27, French, - conformation%20mol%C3%A9culaire%20de%20l%27amylose%20et%20de%20l%27amylopectine

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Terme en usage à la Commission canadienne des grains.  2, record 27, French, - conformation%20mol%C3%A9culaire%20de%20l%27amylose%20et%20de%20l%27amylopectine

Record 27,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 28,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Thick dykes have coarse-grained interiors that show some fractionation but variations in bulk chemical composition are relatively modest. Olivine..., plagioclase..., and low-Ca augite are the principal silicate minerals.  7, record 28, English, - low%2Dcalcium%20augite

Record 28,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les basaltes tholéiitiques sont saturés, mésocrate, à labrador-bytownite, augite peu calcique, [...] olivine absente ou très rare, et SiO₂ exprimé sous forme de quartz ou tridymite.  5, record 28, French, - augite%20peu%20calcique

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Les intérieurs des dykes épais sont à grain grossier et exhibent un certain fractionnement, cependant les variations de la composition chimique globale sont restreintes. Les principaux minéraux silicatés sont : olivine [...], plagioclase [...] et une augite pauvre en Ca.  4, record 28, French, - augite%20peu%20calcique

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 OBS

augite peu calcique : terme en usage à Ressources naturelles Canada - Secteur des sciences de la Terre.  6, record 28, French, - augite%20peu%20calcique

Record 28,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 29,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Any one of the successive isotopic fractionation modules which are characterized, in a gaseous diffusion plant, by the isotopic abundance of the incoming and outgoing gas.  2, record 29, English, - diffuser%20stage

Record 29,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Chacun des modules successifs de séparation isotopique qui, dans une usine d'enrichissement de l'uranium par diffusion gazeuse, est caractérisé notamment par les teneurs isotopiques du gaz à son entrée et à ses sorties.  2, record 29, French, - %C3%A9tage%20de%20diffusion

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Une usine d'enrichissement de l'uranium peut comporter plus de mille étages de diffusion.  2, record 29, French, - %C3%A9tage%20de%20diffusion

Record 29,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 30,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 PHR

Sulphur isotope data, fractionation.  1, record 30, English, - sulphur%20isotope

Record 30,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 PHR

Fractionnement des isotopes du soufre.  1, record 30, French, - isotope%20du%20soufre

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 2 PHR

Données sur les isotopes du soufre.  1, record 30, French, - isotope%20du%20soufre

Record 30,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 31,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 CONT

We can often differentiate between these two sources(crustal and mantle) by examining variations in 34S/32S.... Originally, all the earth's sulphur was in the mantle. Much of that transferred to the crust has undergone biogenic fractionation.... It is now held to be an oversimplification to claim that for all natural sulphur a narrow range of [delta] 34S close to zero indicates a mantle source, and a wide range of [delta] 34S a crustal source.  3, record 31, English, - mantle%20source

Record 31,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'origine des magmas granitiques. La véritable distinction est à faire entre [...] les granites issus de la fusion partielle de la croûte par des processus métamorphiques [...] et [...] les granites issus de la différenciation d'un magma [...] d'origine sous-crustale (mantellique). Trois cas, que l'on peut distinguer à partir des rapports isotopiques du strontium, sont donc possibles : a) L'origine crustale [...]. b) L'origine mantellique (différenciation magmatique). C'est le cas des granites anorogéniques océaniques [...] Le rapport isotopique du Sr est compris entre 0,702 et 0,705. c) Origine mixte, mantellique et crustale.  3, record 31, French, - origine%20mantellique

Record 31,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 32,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A chemical reaction in which the reactant and product chemical species are chemically identical but have different isotopic composition.  1, record 32, English, - isotope%20exchange

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 OBS

In such a reaction the isotope distribution tends towards equilibrium(as expressed by fractionation factors) as a result of transfers of isotopically different atoms or groups.  1, record 32, English, - isotope%20exchange

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 PHR

Isotopic exchange with crustal rocks.  2, record 32, English, - isotope%20exchange

Record 32,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Réaction chimique pour laquelle les espèces chimiques correspondant aux produits et aux réactifs ont des compositions isotopiques différentes bien qu'étant chimiquement identiques.  1, record 32, French, - %C3%A9change%20d%27isotope

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Pour une telle réaction, la distribution isotopique des atomes tend vers un état d'équilibre (décrit par les facteurs de distribution isotopique), par suite de transferts d'atomes ou de groupes isotopiquement différents.  1, record 32, French, - %C3%A9change%20d%27isotope

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 PHR

Échange isotopique avec les roches de la croûte.  2, record 32, French, - %C3%A9change%20d%27isotope

Record 32,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 33,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Magmatic differentiation resulting from the floating or settling, under gravity, of mineral crystals as they form.  3, record 33, English, - gravity%20fractionation

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Gravity fractionation occurs during the earlier stages of magmatic crystallization when the magma is still dominantly liquid and crystals can sink through it to accumulate at the base of the magma chamber or interlayered with other early-formed minerals.  1, record 33, English, - gravity%20fractionation

Record 33,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[La] différenciation par gravité [peut] expliquer la plupart des grandes variations dans la composition des roches ignées. [Dans la] différenciation par gravité, les phases cristallines de densité inférieure à celle du liquide remontent.  3, record 33, French, - s%C3%A9paration%20par%20gravit%C3%A9

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Gisements magmatiques [...] - L'enrichissement local résulte ici d'une différenciation à l'intérieur d'un magma en voie de consolidation. Sur le mécanisme de cette différenciation, on est réduit à des hypothèses : séparation de liquides non miscibles [...], séparation par gravité ou encore cristallisations fractionnées.  1, record 33, French, - s%C3%A9paration%20par%20gravit%C3%A9

Record 33,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 34,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 CONT

This is an agreement between Suncor and TransCanada Midstream to extract and separate natural gas liquids(NGL) and olefins from "off-gas", a byproduct of the oil sands upgrading process that is currently used as a fuel. The recovered liquids and olefins will be transported in batches... to Alberta fractionation facility for further processing... The plant, which is scheduled for commissioning in 2001, will extract ethane, propane, butane, condensate, ethylene, propylene and butylene from the off-gas.  1, record 34, English, - fractionation%20facility

Record 34,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le présent projet est fondé sur une entente entre Suncor et TransCanada Midstream concernant l'extraction et la séparation des liquides du gaz naturel et les oléfines du gaz résiduel, un sous-produit du procédé de valorisation des sables bitumineux utilisé actuellement comme combustible. Les oléfines et les liquides récupérés seront transportés par lots dans le pipeline de Suncor jusqu'à l'installation de fractionnement [...] où aura lieu le raffinage [...] L'installation, qui doit entrer en service en 2001, extraira l'éthane, le propane, le butane, les condensats, l'éthylène, le propylène et le butylène présents dans les oléfines.  1, record 34, French, - installation%20de%20fractionnement

Record 34,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 35,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Rare metal concentrations in the magmas increase through crystal fractionation, possibly supplemented by vapour-phase transport.  1, record 35, English, - vapour%2Dphase%20transport

Record 35,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les concentrations de métaux rares dans les magmas s'accroissent par cristallisation fractionnée, et peut-être par un transport en phase gazeuse.  1, record 35, French, - transport%20en%20phase%20gazeuse

Record 35,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 36,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 DEF

To separate single fractions from a mixture of hydrocarbon fluids, usually by distillation. This process is termed fractionation.  2, record 36, English, - fractionate

Record 36,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Séparer un mélange en produits à caractéristiques différentes, par distillation fractionnée dans une colonne à plateaux.  2, record 36, French, - fractionner

Record 36,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Descomponer una mezcla en sus componentes.  1, record 36, Spanish, - fraccionar

Record 37,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Any of a class of (metalloprotein) enzymes that catalyse the oxidation of a substrate, with molecular oxygen serving as the electron acceptor.  2, record 37, English, - oxidase

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 CONT

With improved cell fractionation methods a second group of particles, in addition to the lysosomes, has been isolated from liver cells and other sources. These particles, which are rich in the enzymes peroxidase, catalase, D-amino-acid oxidase, and, to a lesser extent, urate oxidase, received the name peroxisomes.  3, record 37, English, - oxidase

Record 37,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Tout enzyme de la classe des oxydoréductases intervenant dans un phénomène d'oxydation et n'utilisant que l'oxygène comme accepteur d'électron. Ce sont des protéines conjuguées dont le groupement prosthétique contient un métal (fer ou cuivre).  2, record 37, French, - oxydase

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'oxydase la plus importante est la cytochrome oxydase de la chaîne respiratoire. Toutes les oxydases sont inhibées par les cyanures, l'oxyde de carbone et l'hydrogène sulfuré.  3, record 37, French, - oxydase

Record 37,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Enzima que origina la transferencia de electrones en el substrato. Enzima oxidante.  2, record 37, Spanish, - oxidasa

Record 38,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 1 CONT

We can often differentiate between these two sources(crustal and mantle) by examining variations in 34S/32S.... Originally, all the earth's sulphur was in the mantle. Much of that transferred to the crust has undergone biogenic fractionation... It is now held to be an oversimplification to claim that for all natural sulphur, a narrow range of [delta] 34S close to zero indicates a mantle source, and a wide range of [delta] S34 a crustal source.  2, record 38, English, - crustal%20source

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Consistent with this hypothesis of a crustal source of sulphur is the fact that virtually all nickel deposits occur in rocks underlain by continental crust.  3, record 38, English, - crustal%20source

Record 38,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'origine des magmas granitiques. La véritable distinction est à faire entre [...] les granites issus de la fusion partielle de la croûte par des processus métamorphiques [...] et [...] les granites issus de la différenciation d'un magma basaltique ou calco-alcalin [...] d'origine sous-crustale (mantellique). Trois cas, que l'on peut distinguer à partir des rapports isotopiques du strontium, sont donc possibles : a) L'origine crustale [...] On peut [...] remarquer que, dans les leucogranites, le rapport 87Sr/86Sr est supérieur à 0,710, alors qu'il n'est que de 0,702 dans le manteau. b) L'origine mantellique [...] c) Origine mixte, mantellique et crustale [...]  1, record 38, French, - origine%20crustale

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Le fait que les gisements de sulfures de nickel soient pratiquement tous situés dans des roches reposant sur une croûte continentale conforte l'hypothèse voulant que le soufre provienne d'une source crustale.  2, record 38, French, - origine%20crustale

Record 38,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 39,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Bottom stream from the wastewater stripper in the production of acrylonitrile.  4, record 39, English, - wastewater%20stripper

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Integrated wastewater treatment and reuse. Wastewater from the tall oil fractionation plant's processes consists mainly of polluted condensates from the vacuum system.... In order to reduce the water load, turpentine-containing process wastewaters from the plant are fed into the Botnia pulp mill' s wastewater stripper and from there into the pulp mill' s own water cycle. This procedure lowers raw water consumption by the local forest industry and the tall oil fractionation plant.  5, record 39, English, - wastewater%20stripper

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 3 CONT

Fiber optic converter boxes were also installed, along with Foxboro DCS Consoles and Triconex shutdown equipment. Two stripping columns, a drum and seven pumps were added to increase capacity of the wastewater stripper, which strips benzene, MNB and aniline from wastewater.  6, record 39, English, - wastewater%20stripper

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 4 CONT

T019 (Barex Recycled Monomer Tanks). Barex Plant Recovered Monomer Tanks (T-8, T-18, T-19) and associated equipment. These are holding tanks for monomers recovered by the wastewater stripper columns before recycle back to Barex reactors.  2, record 39, English, - wastewater%20stripper

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 OBS

stripper: An evaporative device for the removal of vapors from liquids; can be in a bubble-tray distillation tower, a vacuum vessel, or an evaporator; if it is a part of a distillation column below the feed tray, it is called the stripping section.  7, record 39, English, - wastewater%20stripper

Record 39,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Effluent de fond de la colonne de distillation des eaux résiduaires lors [sic] de la production d'acrylonitrile.  1, record 39, French, - colonne%20de%20distillation%20d%27eaux%20r%C3%A9siduaires

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 OBS

rectificateur : Appareil distillatoire fournissant un produit rectifié.  4, record 39, French, - colonne%20de%20distillation%20d%27eaux%20r%C3%A9siduaires

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 2 OBS

rectification : Distillation fractionnée d'un liquide volatil soit pour en séparer les constituants, soit pour le purifier. [...] La rectification s'effectue dans des colonnes à plateaux, qui traitent d'un coup de grandes quantités.  4, record 39, French, - colonne%20de%20distillation%20d%27eaux%20r%C3%A9siduaires

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 3 OBS

strippage (syn. : stripping) : [Ce terme s'emploie dans l'industrie pétrolière seulement, pour désigner la] revaporisation à la vapeur d'eau des soutirages d'une unité de distillation, pour en réduire la teneur en produits trop volatils et en ajuster le point d'inflammabilité.  4, record 39, French, - colonne%20de%20distillation%20d%27eaux%20r%C3%A9siduaires

Record 39,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 40,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Solution obtained by rupturing cells and removing all particulate matter.  2, record 40, English, - cell%2Dfree%20extract

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Intracellular enzymes are usually released from inside the cell by mechanical or chemical disruption, or by permeabilization of the cell membrane so as to allow leakage. Common methods of cell disruption include high pressure homogenizers, ball mills, freeze-thawing, pH, temperature, or osmotic shocking, or enzyme digestion such as with lysozyme or the mixture of enzymes derived from Micrococcus lysodeikticus. The resulting crude enzymically active preparations are then clarified free of remaining cells and cell debris by filtration or centrifugation... The resulting cell-free extracts can then be purified by a consecutive series of fractionation and concentration steps. These include ion-exchange chromatography and membrane techniques, such as ultrafiltration and reverse osmosis.  3, record 40, English, - cell%2Dfree%20extract

Record 40,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Extrait dépourvu des structures de la cellule intacte. [...] A partir de telles préparations, il devient possible d'accumuler des intermédiaires métaboliques en utilisant des inhibiteurs enzymatiques spécifiques par inactivation d'enzymes spécifiques ou par élimination ou inactivation de coenzymes indispensables.  2, record 40, French, - extrait%20acellulaire

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 1 CONT

En 1897, la découverte par Buchner du fait que la cellule vivante per se n'est pas nécessaire à la fermentation fit faire un grand progrès à l'étude des étapes chimiques de ce processus. Il observa qu'un extrait acellulaire de levure était capable, par lui-même, de transformer le glucose en éthanol.  3, record 40, French, - extrait%20acellulaire

Record 40,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 41,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 41, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Radiotherapy is typically administered in fractionated doses of 150 to 250 rads per day, four or five days per week, for four to seven weeks. Fractionation produces an improved therapeutic index as compared to single large doses....  2, record 41, English, - fractionation

Record 41,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 41, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Protocole thérapeutique : C'est une étape très importante qui va préciser la technique d'irradiation, les doses qui doivent être délivrées aux différentes zones comprises dans le volume-cible ainsi que l'étalement et le fractionnement du traitement.  2, record 41, French, - fractionnement

Record 41,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 42,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 42, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A type of lignocellulosics fractionation steam treatment which is based on a thermomechanical approach.  2, record 42, English, - thermomechanical%20steam%20treatment

Record number: 42, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Thermomechanical steam treatment(TM-V). The defibrillation is accomplished by a short time steam treatment followed by a flash decompression. This process was patented by Mason(1928) and has constituted the technological basis for the production of a wide range of fiberboards. In the 1970's, the potential of this technique as a defibration and fractionation process was fully realized. Pilot and industrial installations derived from this technology are known under the generic name of "steam explosion methods"... The TM-V processes literally force the destructuring and eventual disintegration of the lignocellulosic wall structure. The hemicelluloses and a small part of the lignin can be extracted by hot water washing. The residue of this operation can be further extracted with an alkaline solution or with organic solvents in order to solubilize the lignin which can then be recovered by precipitation. Cellulose is obtained as the solid residue after the lignin extraction.  1, record 42, English, - thermomechanical%20steam%20treatment

Record 42,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 42, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Procédé de fractionnement des matières lignocellulosiques à l'aide d'un traitement à la vapeur.  2, record 42, French, - traitement%20thermom%C3%A9canique%20%C3%A0%20la%20vapeur

Record number: 42, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Traitement thermomécanique à la vapeur (TM-V). La défibration est accomplie par un traitement de courte durée, en présence de vapeur, et suivie d'une décompression flash. En fait, ce procédé a été mis au point par Mason (1931) et a constitué la technologie de base pour la fabrication d'une vaste gamme de panneaux agglomérés. Au cours des années 70, le potentiel de cette technique comme moyen de défibrer et de fractionner a été réalisé. Des installations pilotes et industrielles issues de cette technologie sont connues sous le nom générique de «méthodes explosives à la vapeur» [...]. Les procédés TM-V forcent la désagrégation des matières lignocellulosiques. Par lavage à l'eau, les hémicelluloses et une partie de la lignine sont solubilisées. Le résidu de ce lavage peut être extrait par la suite avec une solution alcaline ou avec des solvants organiques, afin de solubiliser la lignine, qui est ensuite précipitée et récupérée. La cellulose est obtenue comme le résidu solide provenant de l'extraction de la lignine.  1, record 42, French, - traitement%20thermom%C3%A9canique%20%C3%A0%20la%20vapeur

Record 42,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 43,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 43, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A type of lignocellulosics fractionation based on an organosolvolytic approach.  2, record 43, English, - thermomechanical%20organosolvolytic%20treatment

Record number: 43, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Thermomechanical organosolvolytic treatment (TM-S). This technology was inspired by the classical organosolvolytic approaches aiming at delignification ... Using a combination of variables (the solubility parameters of the chosen solvent, temperature, reaction time, and shear through homogenizing valves), the hemicelluloses and lignin are solubilised while the cellulose remains as residue. The subsequent separation of the hemicelluloses and lignin can be accomplished by classical chemical engineering techniques, although associations between the polyphenols (lignin) and carbohydrates (hemicelluloses) can interfere during the separation process.  1, record 43, English, - thermomechanical%20organosolvolytic%20treatment

Record 43,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 43, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Procédé de fractionnement des matières lignocellulosiques utilisant une approche organo-solvolytique.  2, record 43, French, - traitement%20thermom%C3%A9canique%20en%20phase%20organique

Record number: 43, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Traitement thermomécanique en phase organique (TM-S). Cette technologie s'inspire des approches organo-solvolytiques classiques visant la délignification [...] Par une combinaison des paramètres de solubilité du solvant choisi, de la température, du temps de réaction, ainsi que du cisaillement (par la détente flash) à travers les vannes d'homogénéisation, nous pouvons solubiliser les hémicelluloses et la lignine, alors que la cellulose reste comme résidu. La séparation subséquente des hémicelluloses et de la lignine peut s'accomplir par des techniques classiques de génie chimique, bien que des associations entre les polyphénols (lignine) et les glucides (hémicelluloses) puissent interférer lors de la séparation.  1, record 43, French, - traitement%20thermom%C3%A9canique%20en%20phase%20organique

Record 43,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 44,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 44, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A type of lignocellulosics fractionation aqueous steam treatment which is based on a thermomechanical approach.  2, record 44, English, - thermomechanical%20aqueous%2Fsteam%20treatment

Record number: 44, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Thermomechanical aqueous/steam treatment (TM-AV). Finely comminuted lignocellulosics, as sawdusts, are prepared as water suspensions (10-15% solids). They are pumped through an homogenizing valve system at temperature ranging from 180 to 240°C. These temperatures are rapidly reached with the injection of steam. The high shear forced on the particles when passing through the homogenizing valves and the flash decompression, after the valves, facilitate the disintegration and solubilization of the hemicelluloses and of about one fifth of the lignin. The remaining lignin is then extracted with an alkaline solution or an organic solvent. Cellulose is obtained as the residue.  1, record 44, English, - thermomechanical%20aqueous%2Fsteam%20treatment

Record 44,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 44, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Traitement des matières lignocellulosiques par fractionnement en phase aqueuse.  2, record 44, French, - traitement%20thermom%C3%A9canique%20en%20phase%20aqueuse

Record number: 44, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Traitement thermomécanique à la vapeur (TM-AV). Les matières lignocellulosiques mises en sciure sont préparées sous forme de suspension dans l'eau (10-15 % en solides). Elles sont ensuite pompées à travers un système de vannes d'homogénéisation à des températures entre 180 et 240 °C. L'injection de vapeur permet d'atteindre rapidement cette plage de températures. Le cisaillement élevé, lors du passage à travers les vannes de cisaillement, et la décompression flash, en aval des vannes, facilitent la désagrégation et la solubilisation des hémicelluloses ainsi que d'environ un tiers de la lignine. Le reste de la lignine est ensuite extrait à l'aide d'une solution alcaline ou d'un solvant organique. Le résidu obtenu est la cellulose [...]  1, record 44, French, - traitement%20thermom%C3%A9canique%20en%20phase%20aqueuse

Record 44,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 45,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 45, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Separation of a product into several fractions by an appropriate technique such as distillation or crystallization [Definition standardized by ISO.]  1, record 45, English, - fractionation

Record number: 45, Textual support number: 1 OBS

fractionation : term standardized by ISO.  2, record 45, English, - fractionation

Record 45,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 45, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Séparation d'un produit en plusieurs fractions par une technique appropriée telle que la distillation ou la cristallisation. [Définition normalisée par l'ISO.]  2, record 45, French, - fractionnement

Record number: 45, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[...] le chimiste a découvert un procédé nommé fractionnement [...] Le procédé consiste simplement à dissocier les hydrocarbures en soumettant le pétrole brut à de hautes températures. [Encyclopédie de la jeunesse: 12-4131]  3, record 45, French, - fractionnement

Record number: 45, Textual support number: 1 OBS

fractionnement : terme normalisé par l'ISO.  4, record 45, French, - fractionnement

Record 45,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 46,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 46, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Equipment aimed at promoting contact between vapour and liquid in fractionation. [Definition standardized by ISO. ]  1, record 46, English, - fractionating%20tray

Record number: 46, Textual support number: 1 OBS

fractionating tray: term standardized by ISO.  2, record 46, English, - fractionating%20tray

Record 46,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 46, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Équipement qui vise à favoriser le contact entre liquide et vapeur pendant un fractionnement. [Définition normalisée par l'ISO.]  2, record 46, French, - plateau%20de%20fractionnement

Record number: 46, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Sur leur parcours, les vapeurs traversent des plateaux spécialement étudiés [...] ce sont les plateaux de fractionnement.  3, record 46, French, - plateau%20de%20fractionnement

Record number: 46, Textual support number: 1 OBS

plateau de fractionnement : terme normalisé par l'ISO.  4, record 46, French, - plateau%20de%20fractionnement

Record 46,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 47,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 47, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Fractionation process, closely related to distillation by which undesired volatile components are separated from a liquid mixture by fractional evaporation. [Definition standardized by ISO. ]  1, record 47, English, - stripping

Record number: 47, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Stripping is generally effected by the introduction of steam, by the reduction of pressure, by the vapour generated in a reboiler or a combination of these.  1, record 47, English, - stripping

Record number: 47, Textual support number: 2 OBS

stripping: term standardized by ISO.  2, record 47, English, - stripping

Record 47,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 47, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Procédé de fractionnement étroitement lié à la distillation par lequel les composés volatils indésirables sont séparés d'un mélange liquide par une évaporation fractionnée. [Définition normalisée par l'ISO.]  1, record 47, French, - balayage%20%C3%A0%20la%20vapeur

Record number: 47, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Le balayage est généralement réalisé par introduction de vapeur, par réduction de la pression, par la vapeur générée dans un rebouilleur ou par la combinaison de l'ensemble.  1, record 47, French, - balayage%20%C3%A0%20la%20vapeur

Record number: 47, Textual support number: 2 OBS

balayage à la vapeur : terme normalisé par l'ISO.  2, record 47, French, - balayage%20%C3%A0%20la%20vapeur

Record 47,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 48,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 48, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The material (Raschig rings, Antalon saddles, ... used to provide large liquid/gas interfacial area in a tower.  2, record 48, English, - packing

Record number: 48, Textual support number: 2 DEF

The specially fabricated filling in packed fractionation columns and absorbers.  3, record 48, English, - packing

Record 48,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 48, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[Les tours] font appel à un principe très simple : pour mettre en contact une vapeur et un liquide, on peut faire lécher le liquide par la vapeur [...] L'opération n'est efficace que si la surface de contact est grande. [...] Le garnissage le plus couramment utilisé est certainement l'anneau Raschig.  2, record 48, French, - garnissage

Record 48,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 49,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 49, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A process of magmatic differentiation wherein a magma, having crystallized to a mush of interlocking crystals in liquid, is compressed by Earth movements and the liquid moves toward regions of lower pressure, thus becoming separated from the crystals.  3, record 49, English, - filter%20pressing

Record number: 49, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Fractional crystallization... includes any mechanical process by which early-formed crystals are prevented from equilibrating with the melt from which they grew. The important processes are gravity fractionation, flowage differentiation, filter pressing and dilatation...  4, record 49, English, - filter%20pressing

Record 49,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 49, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les liquides subsistant à la suite de l'élimination d'une proportion plus ou moins grande de tels ou tels cristaux, à un stade plus ou moins tardif de l'évolution, pourront [...] avoir des compositions diverses à partir d'un même liquide initial. On dira qu'ils se sont différenciés à partir de ce liquide. Les processus les plus usuels de telles séparations sont la décantation de minéraux lourds, ou bien l'effet de «filtre-presse» qui élimine sous l'influence de pressions tectoniques le liquide d'un agrégat de cristaux imprégnés par ce liquide.  1, record 49, French, - effet%20de%20filtre%2Dpresse