TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Some advanced methods are also used to harness geothermal energy. Enhanced geothermal systems(EGS) is one such method. An EGS plant... consists of both aboveground and subsurface infrastructure. Developing an EGS reservoir involves injecting cold fracturing fluid deep underground to open up preexisting cracks or develop new ones... Then, the geothermal energy is extracted by rerouting a working fluid. By pumping it through the geothermal reservoir's fractured network, the fluid can be heated to a higher temperature before being withdrawn from yet another well...  3, record 1, English, - enhanced%20geothermal%20system%20power%20plant

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Centrale électrique qui est alimentée à partir d'un réservoir créé artificiellement par fracturation hydraulique ou par stimulation chimique.  2, record 1, French, - centrale%20%C3%A0%20syst%C3%A8me%20g%C3%A9othermique%20stimul%C3%A9

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Buffer Blasting. Buffer blasting is possibly the most simple method of control blasting and involves a modification to the last row of the main blast pattern. Modifications are limited to reduced burden, spacing, and explosive loads. The aim is to limit ground shock from the blast. The method is usually employed in conjunction with some other control blasting technique, such as pre-splitting, and its results are quite economical. Buffer blasting can only be used by itself when the ground is fairly competent. It may produce minor crest fracturing or backbreak but the amount of damage is less than would be produced by the main production blast if no control blasting was used at all.  2, record 2, English, - buffer%20blasting

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

control blasting: Various techniques used to limit the amount of backbreak developed during the blasting phase of the excavation cycle by reducing the level of ground shock vibrations.  2, record 2, English, - buffer%20blasting

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Dynamitage contrôlé. Le dynamitage contrôlé est une méthode spécialisée qui vise à minimiser les effets indésirables du dynamitage, tels que les vibrations du sol, la surpression de l'air et les projections de pierres. Les techniques incluses dans le dynamitage contrôlé sont le forage en ligne, le dynamitage en douceur (contour ou périmètre), le pré-fendage, le dynamitage tampon et le post dynamitage. Le dynamitage contrôlé est particulièrement utile dans les zones peuplées ou sensibles où les dommages aux structures environnantes et à la sécurité des personnes doivent être soigneusement gérés.  1, record 2, French, - dynamitage%20tampon

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

... the ability of a material to absorb energy up to fracture.  2, record 3, English, - toughness

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Materials that can absorb a lot of energy before fracturing have high toughness.  2, record 3, English, - toughness

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[...] la capacité d'un matériau à absorber de l'énergie avant sa rupture.  2, record 3, French, - t%C3%A9nacit%C3%A9

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Propiedad de un material que le permite absorber energía, generalmente con pérdida de fragilización y relativamente alta elongación a la ruptura.  1, record 3, Spanish, - tenacidad

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

La tenacidad frecuentemente se evalúa como la energía requerida para romper un material, proporcional al área bajo la curva de esfuerzo-deformación.  1, record 3, Spanish, - tenacidad

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A hydraulic fracture is formed by pumping the fracturing fluid into the wellbore at a rate sufficient to increase the pressure downhole to a value in excess of the fracture gradient of the formation rock. The pressure causes the formation to crack, allowing the fracturing fluid to enter and extend the crack farther into the formation. To keep this fracture open after the injection stops, a solid proppant, commonly a sieved round sand, is added to the fracture fluid. The propped hydraulic fracture then becomes a high permeability conduit through which the formation fluids can flow to the well.  2, record 4, English, - hydraulic%20fracture

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

La fracture hydraulique se forme dans une formation rocheuse après que celle-ci ait subi une opération de fracturation hydraulique.  2, record 4, French, - fracture%20hydraulique

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

During the hydraulic fracturing process, some of the fracturing fluid may leave the fracture and enter the targeted formation adjacent to the created fracture(i. e. untreated formation). This phenomenon is known as fluid leak-off. The fluid flows into the micropore or pore spaces of the formation or into existing natural fractures in the formation or into small fractures opened and propagated into the formation by the pressure in the induced fracture.  7, record 5, English, - fracture%20fluid%20leak%2Doff

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Phénomène se produisant lorsque le liquide de fracturation hydraulique s'écoule de la fracture principale et s'infiltre dans une autre partie de la formation ou dans un autre réseau de fractures.  2, record 5, French, - fuite%20de%20fluide%20de%20fracturation

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... in many shale formations, the fracing process is repeated a number oftimes in isolated segments along the length of the wellbore. This is multistagefracing, which increases the well’s production by stimulating a larger portion of the underground formation. The multiple stages set for fracing may be along vertical or horizontal wellbores, and in new or existing wells.  10, record 6, English, - multi%2Dstage%20hydraulic%20fracturing

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The terms "fraccing" and "fracing, "short for "fracturing, "are pronounced "fracking. "  11, record 6, English, - multi%2Dstage%20hydraulic%20fracturing

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Opération consistant à fracturer, segment par segment, une formation rocheuse au moyen de liquide sous pression, afin de permettre l'échappement de gaz naturel.  2, record 6, French, - fracturation%20hydraulique%20en%20plusieurs%20%C3%A9tapes

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Artificial fracturing is required to increase the effective porosity of... organic-rich shales and release the tightly held methane.... Both the porosity and the permeability of [the tight sands] formations are low so that hydraulic or explosive fracturing techniques must be employed to recover the gas.  2, record 7, English, - artificial%20fracturing

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Procédé de stimulation qui consiste à créer artificiellement des fractures dans la couche productrice afin d'en augmenter la perméabilité au voisinage immédiat du puits.  2, record 7, French, - fracturation%20artificielle

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS

La fracturation hydraulique et la fracturation explosive sont deux types de fracturation artificielle.  3, record 7, French, - fracturation%20artificielle

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 8,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Horizontal hydraulic fracturing is accomplished by drilling vertically to the depth of the shale formation, which is generally found between 0. 6 – 1. 5 km below the surface. When the gas-containing shale is intercepted, the drill bit is maneuvered to travel horizontally through the center of the formation for a distance of up to 1. 6km. Water, biocides, surfactants, sands, and other chemicals are forced into the borehole under extremely high pressure to induce fractures in the shale that allow gas to rise to the surface for collection...  1, record 8, English, - horizontal%20hydraulic%20fracturing

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The terms "fraccing" and "fracing, "short for "fracturing, "are pronounced "fracking. "  3, record 8, English, - horizontal%20hydraulic%20fracturing

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Processus qui consiste à créer de multiples fractures le long du segment horizontal d'un puits de forage afin d'en augmenter la perméabilité et de permettre au gaz de s'échapper.  2, record 8, French, - fracturation%20hydraulique%20horizontale

Record 8,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 9,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The fracturing of rock in an oil or gas reservoir by pumping a fluid under high pressure into the well.  6, record 9, English, - hydraulic%20fracturing

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Although various forms of fracturing exist, authors often use the term "fracturing, "or any one of its derivatives : fracking, fraccing or fracing(all pronounced "fracking"), in the sense of "hydraulic fracturing. "  7, record 9, English, - hydraulic%20fracturing

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Procédé qui consiste à créer artificiellement, par pression hydraulique, des fractures afin d'augmenter la perméabilité au voisinage d'un puits.  3, record 9, French, - fracturation%20hydraulique

Record 9,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Método para inducir caudal en pozos de petróleo por inyección de agua a aguas saladas bajo presión en el estrato petrolífero.  1, record 9, Spanish, - fracturaci%C3%B3n%20hidr%C3%A1ulica

Record 10,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A technique used to create or enlarge fractures in a geologic formation.  3, record 10, English, - fracturing

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Common soil fracturing techniques include : blast-enhanced fracturing, pneumatic fracturing(PF)... and hydrofracturing.  4, record 10, English, - fracturing

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Opération qui consiste à créer des fissures dans une formation géologique ou à élargir les fissures déjà existantes.  2, record 10, French, - fracturation

Record 10,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 11,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The process by which multiple fractures are created along the horizontal section of the wellbore in a series of consecutive operations.  1, record 11, English, - horizontal%20multistage%20hydraulic%20fracturing

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Using mechanical means or fluid pressure, each segment of the horizontal wellbore is isolated and fractured individually. Frac fluid is pumped from the surface at a predetermined and constantly monitored rate to the "toe," the farthest isolated segment in the horizontal section. When the fracture is created, proppant-laden fluid is pumped into the fracture to keep it open. Once complete, the process is repeated for each segment in the wellbore, working back towards the "heel."  1, record 11, English, - horizontal%20multistage%20hydraulic%20fracturing

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The terms "fraccing" and "fracing, "short for "fracturing, "are pronounced "fracking. "  6, record 11, English, - horizontal%20multistage%20hydraulic%20fracturing

Record 11,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Processus qui consiste à créer de multiples fractures le long du segment horizontal d'un puits de forage dans une série d'opérations consécutives.  1, record 11, French, - fracturation%20hydraulique%20horizontale%20en%20plusieurs%20%C3%A9tapes

Record 11,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 12,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Fraccing fluid consists mostly of water and sand but small amounts of additives are used to thicken the fluid and improve the efficiency of the process, thus reducing the need for excess water use.  10, record 12, English, - hydraulic%20fracturing%20fluid

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The terms "fraccing" and "fracing, "short for "fracturing, "are pronounced "fracking. "  11, record 12, English, - hydraulic%20fracturing%20fluid

Record 12,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le liquide de fracturation est principalement composé d’eau (à environ 96 %), de sable (à environ 3,6 %) et d’additifs (à moins de 1 %) et est pompé à haute pression. Des additifs sont nécessaires pour améliorer la performance du liquide de fracturation.  2, record 12, French, - fluide%20de%20fracturation%20hydraulique

Record 12,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 13,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A high-pressure pump used in hydraulic fracturing.  3, record 13, English, - fracturing%20pump

Record 13,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Pompe à haute pression utilisée dans la fracturation hydraulique.  2, record 13, French, - pompe%20de%20fracturation

Record 13,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 14,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A set of fractures in a rock formation that either occur naturally or are artificially-induced through methods such as hydraulic fracturing.  2, record 14, English, - fracture%20network

Record 14,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Ensemble de fractures, naturelles ou artificielles, dans une formation rocheuse.  2, record 14, French, - r%C3%A9seau%20de%20fractures

Record 14,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 15,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A bend in formerly planar strata of rock resulting from movement of the crustal rocks.  2, record 15, English, - fold

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 CONT

When rocks deform in a ductile manner, instead of fracturing to form faults, they may bend or fold, and the resulting structures are called folds. Folds result from compressional stresses acting over considerable time.  3, record 15, English, - fold

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Older rocks are located at the centre of an anticlinal fold while younger rocks are located at the centre of a synclinal fold.  4, record 15, English, - fold

Record 15,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les plis sont des déformations continues formées d'ondulations plus ou moins serrées. Ils sont la manifestation d'un comportement ductile des roches.  2, record 15, French, - pli

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Si le cœur du pli est occupé par les couches les plus anciennes, il s'agit d'un anticlinal; si ce sont les plus récentes, il s'agit d'un synclinal.  3, record 15, French, - pli

Record 15,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 16,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A metal spike having screw threads on one end and an eye on the other used to secure an ice climber.  2, record 16, English, - ice%20screw

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Ice screws ... Push the ice screw into the ice while twisting the hanger by hand in a clockwise direction to get it started. Placing the ice screw at waist level allows you to push harder and turn the screw with less effort. Continue to turn the ice screw handle by hand until the hanger nearly contacts the ice surface. Chip away any fractured ice using your ice axe, then turn the ice screw handle the remainder of the way. Align the hanger so that it hangs downward—in the direction of pull. ... When possible, choose an ice screw length that will not bottom out on rock underneath the ice. Turning your ice screw into rock will damage the teeth and can fracture the ice.  3, record 16, English, - ice%20screw

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 2 CONT

The tubular, hollow-core ice screw... minimizes fracturing of the ice because the displaced ice moves up into the core of the screw... it has four cutting teeth and a conical interior. The tip of the cone is the toothed end of the screw. As ice enters the cone it can expand. The core fills with ice chips that are easy to clean out by tapping the screw against a hammer of axe head.  4, record 16, English, - ice%20screw

Record 16,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Tige de métal ayant une extrémité pointue en hélice et l'autre pourvue d'un œil que les alpinistes vissent dans la glace afin de sécuriser la cordée sur la voie.  5, record 16, French, - broche%20%C3%A0%20glace

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Broches à glace. [...] Poussez la broche dans la glace en tournant manuellement la patte d'amarrage dans le sens des aiguilles d'une montre afin d'amorcer la broche. Le fait de poser une broche à hauteur de taille permet de pousser plus fort et de visser la broche en faisant moins d'efforts. Continuez à tourner la manivelle de la broche manuellement jusqu'à ce que la patte d'amarrage soit presque en contact avec la surface de la glace. Raclez toute glace craquelée à l'aide de votre piolet puis vissez le restant du pas de vis avec la manivelle. Alignez la patte d'amarrage de manière à ce qu'elle soit positionnée vers le bas — dans le sens de la traction. [...] Le fait de visser une broche à glace dans du rocher endommage le trépan et peut fissurer la glace.  6, record 16, French, - broche%20%C3%A0%20glace

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Les broches à visser [...] Méthode de pose : amorcer en frappant la broche, puis visser en s'aidant éventuellement du piolet comme un bras de levier [...] pour enlever, dévisser.  7, record 16, French, - broche%20%C3%A0%20glace

Record 16,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Varilla metálica con una punta helicoidal de unos 20 cm de longitud que se introduce en el hielo, atornillándolo o golpeándolo, para utilizarlo como anclaje.  2, record 16, Spanish, - tornillo%20de%20hielo

Record 17,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A typical shale gas well requires between 5 and 10 million gallons of fresh water for drilling and fracturing. This puts a huge burden on the fresh water resources which could otherwise be used for agriculture and domestic needs.  2, record 17, English, - shale%20gas%20well

Record 17,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Afin de rassurer les gens qui utilisent de l'eau de puits à moins d'un kilomètre d'un puits de gaz de schiste, des programmes de suivi des eaux souterraines sont menés pour confirmer qu'il n'y a aucun signe de contamination reliée au puits de gaz de schiste.  2, record 17, French, - puits%20de%20gaz%20de%20schiste

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 OBS

puits de gaz de schiste : terme tiré du mini-lexique «Environnement et droit» et reproduit avec l'autorisation du Centre de ressources en français juridique de l'Université de Saint-Boniface.  3, record 17, French, - puits%20de%20gaz%20de%20schiste

Record 17,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 18,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A rock formation with low permeability and porosity containing an accumulation of oil.  2, record 18, English, - tight%20oil%20reservoir

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The percentage of pore volume ... within the rock is generally less than 30% and in tight oil reservoirs is commonly less than 10%.  3, record 18, English, - tight%20oil%20reservoir

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Tight oil reservoirs typically require the combination of horizontal drilling and multi-stage hydraulic fracturing to establish sufficient fluid flow to achieve economic rates of recovery.  4, record 18, English, - tight%20oil%20reservoir

Record 18,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les réservoirs étanches de pétrole exigent généralement que l'on combine les techniques de forage horizontal et de fracturation hydraulique en plusieurs étapes pour obtenir des taux de production rentables.  2, record 18, French, - r%C3%A9servoir%20%C3%A9tanche%20de%20p%C3%A9trole

Record 18,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 19,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The sudden failure of walls or pillars in a mine caused by the weight or pressure of the surrounding rocks, and accompanied by a violent release of energy.  7, record 19, English, - rock%20burst

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Rock bursts. In areas of very deep mining, as additional weight is supported by the pillars on the coal face, stresses may so build up that the yield point is reached. If the coal pillars, the roof, or the floor are able to yield gradually, the effects of the stresses are relieved by floor heaving, or by pillar or roof failure. Where the coal or the associated rocks are particularly strong and depths are much above average, these stresses may be relieved by rock bursts, which are relatively violent outbursts of the coal into the rooms and entries. Frequently, a large volume of gas (usually methane) is suddenly released during a rock burst in a coal mine.  8, record 19, English, - rock%20burst

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 OBS

for "coal burst" : Rock bursts and "coal bursts" in coal mines are generally designated by the term "bumps" or "bounces". A large proportion of these "bumps" or "bounces" are actually "coal bursts" due to fracturing of pillars and remnants and need not involve any fracturing of roof or floor rock.  4, record 19, English, - rock%20burst

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 2 OBS

for "air blast" : In former years rock bursts were sometimes referred to as "air blasts". This name originated from the fact that large quantities of rock loosened by some of the larger rock bursts displaced quantities of air, with the result that a blast of air passed through the mine workings.  4, record 19, English, - rock%20burst

Record 19,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[...] dislocation des piliers de charbon soutenant le toit, avec projections de charbon et parfois soulèvement du mur, plus tendre, jusqu'à venir toucher le toit.  5, record 19, French, - coup%20de%20toit

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 OBS

[Le coup de toit peut] mettre en danger l'outillage et le personnel.  4, record 19, French, - coup%20de%20toit

Record 19,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 20,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Hand tamping can be done in limited areas, using either a manufactured hand tamper with a metal base 8 in. square and a 4 ft. handle or a 2x4 or 4x4 in. piece of timber with a handle(if there is a danger of the metal fracturing the conduit).  4, record 20, English, - tamper

Record 20,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[Instrument formé d'une] tête de 10 [pouces] x 10 [pouces] en acier forgé[, d'un] manche ultra-résistant en fibre de verre de 48 [pouces et qui est] idéal pour compacter et niveler le sol, l'asphalte et le gravier [...]  6, record 20, French, - compacteur%20manuel

Record 20,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 21,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 CONT

OPG [Ontario Power Generation] stated that it would make use of special blasting techniques, such as sequenced detonation of explosives within controlled layouts, to achieve the planned structural geometries of excavations and to minimize the extent of blast-induced fracturing about these excavations, referred to as the highly damaged zone and the excavation damaged zone.  1, record 21, English, - highly%20damaged%20zone

Record 21,  Textual support,  French

Record 21,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 22,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 CONT

OPG [Ontario Power Generation] stated that it would make use of special blasting techniques, such as sequenced detonation of explosives within controlled layouts, to achieve the planned structural geometries of excavations and to minimize the extent of blast-induced fracturing about these excavations, referred to as the highly damaged zone and the excavation damaged zone.  1, record 22, English, - excavation%20damaged%20zone

Record 22,  Textual support,  French

Record 22,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 23,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 CONT

OPG [Ontario Power Generation] stated that it would make use of special blasting techniques, such as sequenced detonation of explosives within controlled layouts, to achieve the planned structural geometries of excavations and to minimize the extent of blast-induced fracturing about these excavations, referred to as the highly damaged zone and the excavation damaged zone.  1, record 23, English, - sequenced%20detonation

Record 23,  Textual support,  French

Record 23,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 24,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 OBS

"Star clusters" are physically related groups of stars having their members less widely separated than are the stars around them. The common motion of the members of a cluster through the star fields suggests their common origin by the condensing and fracturing of a large cosmic gas cloud. Because the stars of a particular cluster are practically at the same distance from us, they may be compared fairly one with another. Although their ages are about the same, the members have different masses, and the more massive ones have evolved the faster.... Star clusters are associated with other galaxies as well as with our own. They are of two types : galactic, or open clusters and globular clusters.  1, record 24, English, - star%20cluster

Record 24,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 OBS

De nombreuses étoiles forment des groupes appelés "amas d'étoiles", dont les plus proches et les plus connus sont les Pléiades, les Hyades, l'amas globulaire de Hercule.  1, record 24, French, - amas%20d%27%C3%A9toiles

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 2 OBS

C'est ainsi que sont appelés les groupes d'étoiles, liées entre elles par des lois dynamiques, qui comptent un grand nombre d'objets et se distinguent par leur aspect et la composition stellaire. D'après leur forme extérieure on les classe en deux groupes: "amas ouverts" ou "galactiques" qui comptent quelques dizaines ou centaines d'étoiles, et "amas globulaires", composés de dizaines et de centaines de milliers d'objets.  1, record 24, French, - amas%20d%27%C3%A9toiles

Record 24,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Conjunto formado por numerosas estrellas agrupadas en un sistema común.  1, record 24, Spanish, - conglomerado%20de%20estrellas

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[...] los conglomerados o cúmulos son verdaderos sistemas cuyas estrellas gravitan en torno de un centro de gravedad común.  1, record 24, Spanish, - conglomerado%20de%20estrellas

Record 25,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Injection of rubber, plastic or metal balls with the fracturing fluid to plug up bottomhole perforations.  1, record 25, English, - ball%2Dsealer%20process

Record 25,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Injection de billes de caoutchouc dans le fluide de fracturation afin d'obstruer les perforations une fois le fluide sorti.  1, record 25, French, - obturation%20par%20billes

Record 25,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 26,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The porosity developed after the formation of a deposit and resulting from subsequent fracturing, replacement, solution, or weathering.  2, record 26, English, - secondary%20porosity

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 OBS

secondary porosity: term used at Natural Resources Canada - Earth Sciences Sector.  3, record 26, English, - secondary%20porosity

Record 26,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Nous pourrons [...] distinguer : - les porosités primaires [...] - les porosités secondaires, celles qui prennent ultérieurement naissance. Un grès à ciment calcaire acquerra, par dissolution du calcaire, une porosité secondaire. Les chenaux de dissolution des calcaires ou du gypse sont également les éléments d'une porosité secondaire.  2, record 26, French, - porosit%C3%A9%20secondaire

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 OBS

porosité secondaire : terme en usage à Ressources naturelles Canada - Secteur des sciences de la Terre.  3, record 26, French, - porosit%C3%A9%20secondaire

Record 26,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Propiedad de las rocas en las que tras su formación se originan huecos por disolución o por fracturación.  1, record 26, Spanish, - porosidad%20secundaria

Record 27,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Water that has been injected into a formation under high pressure for hydraulic fracturing, and then returns to the surface.  7, record 27, English, - fracture%20flowback%20water

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Much of the flowback returns to the surface within the first few days or weeks following the hydraulic fracturing job. Smaller volumes of flowback may return to the surface over many months.  7, record 27, English, - fracture%20flowback%20water

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Flowback is ultimately disposed of at waste treatment centres.  8, record 27, English, - fracture%20flowback%20water

Record 27,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L’eau de reflux des opérations qui ne peut être réutilisée dans le forage ou lors de la complétion est envoyée dans des centres de traitement des eaux.  3, record 27, French, - eau%20de%20reflux

Record 27,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 28,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Porosity formed by fracturing.  2, record 28, English, - fracture%20porosity

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Fracture porosity generally is used for porosity occurring along breaks in a sediment or rock body where there has been little mutual displacement of the opposing blocks.  2, record 28, English, - fracture%20porosity

Record 28,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Porosité due à l'existence de fissures et diaclases ouvertes dues à la rupture ou l'éclatement d'une roche par ailleurs moins perméable.  5, record 28, French, - porosit%C3%A9%20de%20fracture

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La porosité de fissures d'un volume de roches, qu'il faut toujours choisir plus ou moins important, dépendra évidemment de la densité des fissures et de leur degré d'ouverture.  6, record 28, French, - porosit%C3%A9%20de%20fracture

Record 28,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Porosidad que resulta de la presencia de aperturas producidas por la rotura o fracturación de una roca que de lo contrario sería menos permeable.  1, record 28, Spanish, - porosidad%20de%20fractura

Record 29,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The physical separation of the slab from the bed surface and surrounding snow during the initiation of a slab avalanche.  2, record 29, English, - fracture

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... "failure" [is] when the snow begins to progressively loose strength. [Snow can fail without fracturing. Fracture is when a snow layer] snaps right off... Failure is thought, by some, to precede fracture--perhaps over the course of minutes to hours. But others believe that fracture doesn’t always require a preceding failure. There's a lot of evidence that they can both occur at the same time. When we add a rapid change to the snowpack, just like silly putty, it introduces stored elastic energy into the system making it capable of propagating a fracture.... Failure occurs slowly at perhaps centimeters per hour and fracture occurs catastrophically and has been measured at around 20 meters per second.  2, record 29, English, - fracture

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Fractures within the shallow weak areas can still propagate into wind loaded slopes nearby. [Example approved by the Avalanche Bulletin Terminology Standardization Committee.]  3, record 29, English, - fracture

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 OBS

fracture: term officially approved by the Avalanche Bulletin Terminology Standardization Committee.  4, record 29, English, - fracture

Record 29,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les ruptures qui se produisent dans les secteurs où le manteau neigeux est peu profond et mal consolidé peuvent se propager aux pentes voisines, surchargées par le vent. [Exemple entériné par le Comité d'uniformisation de la terminologie des bulletins d'avalanche.]  1, record 29, French, - rupture

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 OBS

rupture; cassure; fracture : termes uniformisés par le Comité d'uniformisation de la terminologie des bulletins d'avalanche.  2, record 29, French, - rupture

Record 29,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 30,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Piping can occur if there are cracks or voids in the levee due to hydraulic fracturing, tensile stresses, decay of vegetation, animal cavity, low density adjacent to conduits, or any similar location where they may be a preferential path of seepage.  1, record 30, English, - preferential%20path

Record 30,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La contamination de l'eau souterraine et des puits (voie préférentielle d'accès à la nappe d'eau souterraine), peut être associée à des déversements accidentels [...]  1, record 30, French, - voie%20pr%C3%A9f%C3%A9rentielle

Record 30,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 31,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 DEF

An osteoclast for fracturing a bone at any desired point.  1, record 31, English, - Collin%27s%20osteoclast

Record 31,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Ostéoclaste servant à redresser un genu valgum.  1, record 31, French, - ost%C3%A9oclaste%20de%20Collin

Record 31,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 32,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Proposed shale gas development has sparked a storm of opposition in the province, with fears voiced over the controversial extraction technology – known as fracking – involving the fracturing of a thick layer of gas-bearing shale with high-pressure blasts of chemicals and water.  2, record 32, English, - gas%20shale

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Shale: A fine-grained sedimentary rock composed mostly of consolidated clay or mud. shale is the most frequently occurring sedimentary rock.  3, record 32, English, - gas%20shale

Record 32,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Formation d’argile litée contenant du gaz naturel.  5, record 32, French, - schiste%20gaz%C3%A9if%C3%A8re

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La programmation comprend également de nombreux sujets tels que les contraintes à l'activité minière, les réserves de gaz naturel du shale gazéifère des Basses-Terres du Saint-Laurent ainsi que les communautés autochtones et l'exploration au Québec.  6, record 32, French, - schiste%20gaz%C3%A9if%C3%A8re

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Un schiste est une roche qui a pour particularité d'avoir un aspect feuilleté, et de se débiter en plaques fines ou «feuillet rocheux». On dit qu'elle présente une schistosité. Il peut s'agir d'une roche sédimentaire argileuse, ou bien d'une roche métamorphique. Quand celle-ci est uniquement sédimentaire, les géologues canadiens préfèrent utiliser le terme «shale» [afin d'éviter toute confusion avec le shiste métamorphique»].  7, record 32, French, - schiste%20gaz%C3%A9if%C3%A8re

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Le terme anglais «shale» (qui désigne une roche sédimentaire argileuse et porteuse de ressources gazières) pourrait se rendre par «schiste argileux». De la même façon qu'on est ensuite justifié de traduire «shale gas» par «gaz de schiste» (sans ajouter «argileux» ou «sédimentaire», puisque ce type de schiste est le seul à renfermer du gaz), on est justifié de rendre «gas shale» par «schiste gazéifère» (ou «schiste gazifère»).  4, record 32, French, - schiste%20gaz%C3%A9if%C3%A8re

Record 32,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 33,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The use of explosives in rock breaking.  3, record 33, English, - shooting

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Shooting has now largely been replaced by formation fracturing.  4, record 33, English, - shooting

Record 33,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Méthode de stimulation de la production supplantée maintenant par la fracturation hydraulique mais encore utilisée dans les formations peu profondes.  2, record 33, French, - torpillage

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 CONT

On appelle «torpillage» l'opération qui consiste à faire éclater une forte charge d'explosif dans le forage : 20 à 30 m sont nécessaires entre la charge et le sabot et la dernière colonne. On peut ainsi : - sectionner une colonne, - refouler dans les parois du forage le poisson qu'on ne peut pas retirer, - briser la partie inférieure du train de sonde.  3, record 33, French, - torpillage

Record 33,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 34,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The casing protects aquifers during production, when gas is flowing up the wellbore, as well as during completion operations, such as hydraulic fracturing.... The cemented casing isolates aquifers from the wellbore.  2, record 34, English, - cemented%20casing

Record 34,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le tubage de puits protège les formations aquifères pendant la production, lorsque le gaz circule vers le puits de forage, ainsi que pendant la complétion des opérations, comme au moment de la fracturation hydraulique. [...] Le tubage cimenté isole complètement les formations aquifères des puits de forage.  2, record 34, French, - tubage%20ciment%C3%A9

Record 34,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 35,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A granular substance(as sand grains, walnut shells, or other material carried in suspension by the fracturing fluid) that serves to keep the fracture open when the fracturing fluid is withdrawn after a fracture treatment.  3, record 35, English, - proppant

Record 35,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Sable, céramique ou billes de résine pompés dans un trou de forage à la fin de l'étape de fracturation afin d'agrandir les fractures nouvellement créées et ainsi augmenter la perméabilité.  2, record 35, French, - agent%20de%20sout%C3%A8nement

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Fracturation. [...] au fur et à mesure de l'extension de la fracture, on injecte un matériau granulaire, appelé agent de soutènement, destiné à maintenir la fracture ouverte lorsque la pression est relâchée.  3, record 35, French, - agent%20de%20sout%C3%A8nement

Record 35,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 36,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The process of opening cracks in hard carbonate productive formations by using a combination of oil and acid under high pressure.  2, record 36, English, - acid%20fracturing

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Fracturing.... Some of the fluids which are used in this process are crude oil..., special refined oils..., water..., acid(acid fracturing), and oil, water, and chemical emulsion(emulsifracturing).  3, record 36, English, - acid%20fracturing

Record 36,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Opération consistant à élargir les fissures d'une formation carbonatée ou encore à créer des fissures par l'action combinée d'huiles et de solutions de divers acides.  2, record 36, French, - fracturation%20%C3%A0%20l%27acide

Record 36,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 37,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 DEF

... the rupturing of rocks and minerals mainly as the result of large, daily temperature changes.  4, record 37, English, - insolation%20weathering

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The physical breakdown of rocks by their expansion and contraction due to diurnal temperature changes is one of the most keenly debated topics in rock weathering research. Known as insolation weathering, it is the result of the physical inability of rocks to conduct heat well. This inability to conduct heat results in differential rates of expansion and contraction. Thus, the surface of the rock expands more than its interior, and this stress will eventually cause the rock to rupture.  5, record 37, English, - insolation%20weathering

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 2 CONT

... the possibility of unstable ground due to thermal fracturing of the rock.  6, record 37, English, - insolation%20weathering

Record 37,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Fragmentation mécanique des roches sous l'effet de variations de température sans qu'intervienne le passage de l'eau à l'état de glace.  2, record 37, French, - thermoclastisme

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le processus le plus évident est le «thermoclastisme» [qui est] l'éclatement des roches dans le désert sous l'influence de contrastes thermiques.  3, record 37, French, - thermoclastisme

Record 37,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 38,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A distinctively striated conical structure in rocks, ranging in length from less than a centimeter to several meters, along which fracturing has occurred.  2, record 38, English, - shatter%20cone

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The presence of shatter cones is evidence that there has been meteor impact.  3, record 38, English, - shatter%20cone

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 2 CONT

The shock features include shatter cones, and planar dislocations and kink bands in certain rock-forming minerals ...  4, record 38, English, - shatter%20cone

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 1 OBS

[Shatter cones are] generally found in nested or composite groups in the rocks of impact structures and formed by shock waves generated by impact.  2, record 38, English, - shatter%20cone

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 2 OBS

shatter cone: term used at Natural Resources Canada - Earth Sciences Sector.  5, record 38, English, - shatter%20cone

Record 38,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Structure conique striée qui se forme dans les roches à grains fins sous la pression intense d'un impact météoritique.  9, record 38, French, - c%C3%B4ne%20de%20percussion

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'onde de choc génère des dommages permanents dans les roches de la région cible, dommages d'aspect unique qui permettent de reconnaître sans ambiguïté un site d'impact. Il s'agit, entre autres, de fractures coniques ou shattercones.  6, record 38, French, - c%C3%B4ne%20de%20percussion

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 2 CONT

[Les] structures de choc comprennent des fractures coniques ainsi que des plans de dislocation et des kinkbands dans certains minéraux essentiels des roches ignées [...]  10, record 38, French, - c%C3%B4ne%20de%20percussion

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 3 CONT

Les cônes de percussion sont encore appelés cônes de pression, de fracturation, et shatter cones par les auteurs américains. Ils se développent dans les roches compétentes à grain fin (microgranites, lamprophyres). La roche présente un débit suivant des surfaces coniques dont les stries divergent à partir du sommet du cône.  11, record 38, French, - c%C3%B4ne%20de%20percussion

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 1 OBS

cône de fracturation : terme en usage à Ressources naturelles Canada - Secteur des sciences de la Terre.  12, record 38, French, - c%C3%B4ne%20de%20percussion

Record 38,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 39,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A breccia formed by fracturing and mixing of material from a single source without admixture of unrelated material.  1, record 39, English, - monomict%20breccia

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 OBS

As opposed to "polymict breccia."  2, record 39, English, - monomict%20breccia

Record 39,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 OBS

En ce qui concerne l'origine des météorites pierreuses, il est aussi très important de savoir qu'un grand nombre d'entre elles sont bréchiques. Les unes doivent cette structure à un broyage post-formationnel et sont alors composées d'un seul matériau : ce sont les monomictes.  2, record 39, French, - br%C3%A8che%20monomicte

Record 39,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 40,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Superfrac is a new hydraulic-fracturing technique which involves fracturing wells with mixtures of viscous oil and water carrying large propping agents. In this new technique the viscous fluid is pumped down the casing or tubing surrounded by an annular film of water.  1, record 40, English, - Superfrac

Record 40,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Mode de fracturation (applicable aux formations à faible ou haute perméabilité) utilisant un fluide à haute viscosité (dispersion eau dans l'huile) et permettant d'obtenir une grande largeur de fissuration (10 mm).  1, record 40, French, - superfrac

Record 40,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 41,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 41, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The torsion produced by the tangling of blades(a rotor component) and stator vanes(a stationary component) is typically shortlived with both of these parts fracturing early in the event, thus significantly reducing the seizure torque to a slightly depressed windmill condition-albeit after landing the rotor may not be able to be turned by hand(and thus reported seized).  1, record 41, English, - seizure%20torque

Record 41,  Textual support,  French

Record 41,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 42,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 42, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Cracking or fracturing that occurs between the grains or crystals in a polycrystalline aggregate.  1, record 42, English, - intergranular%20cracking

Record 42,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 42, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Pour un métal, fait de se fissurer suivant les limites des grains ou des cristaux.  2, record 42, French, - fissuration%20intergranulaire

Record 42,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 43,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 43, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A rock... that has not been subjected to or altered by surface weathering, such as a rock newly exposed by fracturing.  4, record 43, English, - fresh%20rock

Record number: 43, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... phosphate is recovered from fresh rock rather than from a weathered residuum ...  2, record 43, English, - fresh%20rock

Record number: 43, Textual support number: 1 OBS

unweathered rock: term used at Natural Resources Canada - Earth Sciences Sector.  5, record 43, English, - fresh%20rock

Record 43,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 43, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[...] tout ce qui contribue à imbiber la roche augmente son altération. Ce sera le cas [...] quand la roche présente une certaine perméabilité, par la présence de fissures ou de cavités. Celles-ci sont fréquentes dans les roches fraîches, même si la structure n'est pas vacuolaire [...]  5, record 43, French, - roche%20saine

Record number: 43, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Les processus chimiques et biologiques qui conduisent de la roche saine à ses produits de décomposition sont appelés altération.  6, record 43, French, - roche%20saine

Record number: 43, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Par opposition à «roche altérée».  7, record 43, French, - roche%20saine

Record number: 43, Textual support number: 2 OBS

roche fraîche : terme en usage à Ressources naturelles Canada - Secteur des sciences de la Terre.  7, record 43, French, - roche%20saine

Record 43,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 44,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 44, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The melting, loosening, fracturing, or destruction of snow or floating ice during the spring; specifically the destruction of the ice cover on a river during the spring thaw.  1, record 44, English, - breakup

Record number: 44, Textual support number: 1 PHR

Spring, summer ice breakup.  6, record 44, English, - breakup

Record number: 44, Textual support number: 2 PHR

Spring, summer ice break-up.  6, record 44, English, - breakup

Record 44,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 44, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Étape du déglacement, ou rupture brusque de la couverture glacielle, suivie d'un départ massif des glaces, généralement dans les eaux intérieures.  2, record 44, French, - d%C3%A9b%C3%A2cle

Record number: 44, Textual support number: 1 PHR

Débâcle printanière.  3, record 44, French, - d%C3%A9b%C3%A2cle

Record 44,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 44, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Ruptura brusca de la cubierta glacial, seguida de la retirada masiva del hielo, generalmente en aguas interiores.  4, record 44, Spanish, - desglaciaci%C3%B3n

Record 45,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 45, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The second common technique is pressure acidizing, a particular method of fracturing. The method consists of using and acid solution instead of brine or water as frac fluid.  1, record 45, English, - pressure%20acidizing

Record 45,  Textual support,  French

Record 45,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 46,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 46, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The vertical pressure at a point in the Earth’s crust, equal to the pressure caused by the weight of a column of the overlying rock or soil.  7, record 46, English, - geostatic%20pressure

Record number: 46, Textual support number: 1 CONT

When increasing fluid pressures exceeded lithostatic pressures and the tensile strength of the overlying rocks, fracturing of these rocks occurred, permitting rapid escape of hydrothermal fluids into newly created open space.  8, record 46, English, - geostatic%20pressure

Record number: 46, Textual support number: 1 OBS

It is possible that the fluid pression at depth tends to approach the so-called lithostatic pressure.  9, record 46, English, - geostatic%20pressure

Record number: 46, Textual support number: 2 OBS

geostatic pressure; lithostatic pressure; overburden pressure; ground pressure; overburden stress; rock pressure: terms used at Natural Resources Canada - Earth Sciences Sector.  10, record 46, English, - geostatic%20pressure

Record 46,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 46, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Pression exercée par le poids des roches sus-jacentes.  3, record 46, French, - pression%20g%C3%A9ostatique

Record number: 46, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La pression à laquelle sont soumis les grains solides des roches est celle de la colonne de sédiments (pression géostatique); elle augmente en moyenne de 250 à 300 kg/cm² tous les 1 000 m.  5, record 46, French, - pression%20g%C3%A9ostatique

Record number: 46, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Lorsque la pression hydrostatique croissante dépasse la pression lithostatique et la résistance à la traction des roches sus-jacentes, celles-ci se fracturent, permettant l'échappement rapide des fluides hydrothermaux dans les espaces ouverts ainsi créés.  6, record 46, French, - pression%20g%C3%A9ostatique

Record 46,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 47,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 47, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A collapsing, fracturing, or giving way under stress.  2, record 47, English, - failure

Record number: 47, Textual support number: 1 OBS

failure: term standardized by ISO.  3, record 47, English, - failure

Record 47,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 47, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[...] une défaillance peut être considérée comme le passage d'un état de fonctionnement à un état de non-fonctionnement.  2, record 47, French, - d%C3%A9faillance

Record number: 47, Textual support number: 1 OBS

[...] «défaillance» s'applique autant à un organe complexe qu'à un élément simple lorsque ceux-ci sont détériorés au point où leur fonction est compromise. «Défaillance» est généralement le terme à employer lorsque le contexte ne permet pas de savoir la nature exacte du défaut de fonctionnement dont il est question. Dans ce sens, «défaillance» correspond souvent à failure en anglais.  3, record 47, French, - d%C3%A9faillance

Record number: 47, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Dans le domaine aérospatial : incapacité pour un système d'exécuter une fonction requise.  4, record 47, French, - d%C3%A9faillance

Record number: 47, Textual support number: 3 OBS

défaillance : terme uniformisé par le Comité d'uniformisation de la terminologie spatiale (CUTS) et normalisé par l'ISO.  5, record 47, French, - d%C3%A9faillance

Record 47,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 48,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 48, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Examples of such processes [of coupling between a diffusion process in a solid and the deformation of the solid with subsequent fracturing and change in boundary conditions for the diffusion process] are hydro-fracturing, thermal cracking, drying, chemical decomposition, and stress-corrosion.  2, record 48, English, - stress%20corrosion

Record 48,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 48, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Altération sélective des fonds de fissure d'un matériau par les fluides imprégnant les microfractures en cas de contrainte, avec pour résultat une propagation de la fissure pour un niveau de contrainte inférieur à la contrainte critique de fracturation mais à vitesse relativement lente.  1, record 48, French, - corrosion%20sous%20contrainte

Record 48,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 49,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 49, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Mr. Crabtree described well fracturing as a "stimulation treatment" by which a given formation is fractured to increase the flow rate. Coiled tubing is used to pump a mixture of fluids and sand into the formation to effect the fracture.  1, record 49, English, - fracturing

Record 49,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 49, Textual support number: 1 OBS

M. Crabtree a décrit l'opération de développement de puits par fracturation comme un «traitement de stimulation» qui a pour objet de créer des fissures dans une formation donnée afin d'accroître le débit. Le serpentin sert à pomper un mélange de fluides et de sable dans la formation pour élargir les fissures.  2, record 49, French, - d%C3%A9veloppement%20par%20fracturation

Record 49,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 50,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 50, Textual support number: 1 CONT

This type of skarn copper deposit lacks the intense stockwork fracturing typical of porphyry deposits, resulting in the restriction of retrograde mineral assemblages to vug fillings, contact zones, and widely spaced, structurally controlled fluid conduits.  1, record 50, English, - vug%20filling

Record 50,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 50, Textual support number: 1 CONT

À ces skarns cuprifères n'est pas associée l'intense fracturation qui donne lieu aux stockwerks caractérisant les gîtes porphyriques, de sorte que les associations minérales d'altération rétrograde sont confinées au remplissage de vacuoles, à des zones de contact et à des conduits de fluides à contrôle structural largement espacés.  1, record 50, French, - remplissage%20de%20vacuoles

Record 50,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 51,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 51, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Said of a rock that is able to sustain, under a given set of conditions, 5-10% deformation before fracturing or faulting.  2, record 51, English, - ductile

Record number: 51, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Ductility. Refers to minerals capable of being drawn out ... without fracture. Only native metals are ductile ...  3, record 51, English, - ductile

Record number: 51, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Compare with "brittle" (see record).  4, record 51, English, - ductile

Record 51,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 51, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Qui est capable de se déformer considérablement, spécialement par étirage, sans se rompre.  2, record 51, French, - ductile

Record number: 51, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Un minéral est dit ductile si on peut l'étirer en un long fil sans le rompre. [Jean Giraud et Robert Ledoux, Guide pratique d'identification des minéraux, 1991, p. 11]  3, record 51, French, - ductile

Record number: 51, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Par opposition à «cassant».  3, record 51, French, - ductile

Record 51,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 52,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 52, Textual support number: 1 CONT

When increasing fluid pressures exceeded lithostatic pressures and the tensile strength of the overlying rocks, fracturing of these rocks occurred, permitting rapid escape of hydrothermal fluids into newly created open space.  1, record 52, English, - tensile%20strength