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Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Horizontal hydraulic fracturing is accomplished by drilling vertically to the depth of the shale formation, which is generally found between 0. 6 – 1. 5 km below the surface. When the gas-containing shale is intercepted, the drill bit is maneuvered to travel horizontally through the center of the formation for a distance of up to 1. 6km. Water, biocides, surfactants, sands, and other chemicals are forced into the borehole under extremely high pressure to induce fractures in the shale that allow gas to rise to the surface for collection...  1, record 1, English, - horizontal%20hydraulic%20fracturing

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The terms "fraccing" and "fracing," short for "fracturing," are pronounced "fracking."  3, record 1, English, - horizontal%20hydraulic%20fracturing

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Processus qui consiste à créer de multiples fractures le long du segment horizontal d'un puits de forage afin d'en augmenter la perméabilité et de permettre au gaz de s'échapper.  2, record 1, French, - fracturation%20hydraulique%20horizontale

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A typical shale gas well requires between 5 and 10 million gallons of fresh water for drilling and fracturing. This puts a huge burden on the fresh water resources which could otherwise be used for agriculture and domestic needs.  2, record 2, English, - shale%20gas%20well

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Afin de rassurer les gens qui utilisent de l'eau de puits à moins d'un kilomètre d'un puits de gaz de schiste, des programmes de suivi des eaux souterraines sont menés pour confirmer qu'il n'y a aucun signe de contamination reliée au puits de gaz de schiste.  2, record 2, French, - puits%20de%20gaz%20de%20schiste

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

puits de gaz de schiste : terme tiré du mini-lexique «Environnement et droit» et reproduit avec l'autorisation du Centre de ressources en français juridique de l'Université de Saint-Boniface.  3, record 2, French, - puits%20de%20gaz%20de%20schiste

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Water that has been injected into a formation under high pressure for hydraulic fracturing, and then returns to the surface.  7, record 3, English, - fracture%20flowback%20water

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Much of the flowback returns to the surface within the first few days or weeks following the hydraulic fracturing job. Smaller volumes of flowback may return to the surface over many months.  7, record 3, English, - fracture%20flowback%20water

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Flowback is ultimately disposed of at waste treatment centres.  8, record 3, English, - fracture%20flowback%20water

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L’eau de reflux des opérations qui ne peut être réutilisée dans le forage ou lors de la complétion est envoyée dans des centres de traitement des eaux.  3, record 3, French, - eau%20de%20reflux

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Proposed shale gas development has sparked a storm of opposition in the province, with fears voiced over the controversial extraction technology – known as fracking – involving the fracturing of a thick layer of gas-bearing shale with high-pressure blasts of chemicals and water.  2, record 4, English, - gas%20shale

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Shale: A fine-grained sedimentary rock composed mostly of consolidated clay or mud. shale is the most frequently occurring sedimentary rock.  3, record 4, English, - gas%20shale

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Formation d’argile litée contenant du gaz naturel.  5, record 4, French, - schiste%20gaz%C3%A9if%C3%A8re

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La programmation comprend également de nombreux sujets tels que les contraintes à l'activité minière, les réserves de gaz naturel du shale gazéifère des Basses-Terres du Saint-Laurent ainsi que les communautés autochtones et l'exploration au Québec.  6, record 4, French, - schiste%20gaz%C3%A9if%C3%A8re

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Un schiste est une roche qui a pour particularité d'avoir un aspect feuilleté, et de se débiter en plaques fines ou «feuillet rocheux». On dit qu'elle présente une schistosité. Il peut s'agir d'une roche sédimentaire argileuse, ou bien d'une roche métamorphique. Quand celle-ci est uniquement sédimentaire, les géologues canadiens préfèrent utiliser le terme «shale» [afin d'éviter toute confusion avec le shiste métamorphique»].  7, record 4, French, - schiste%20gaz%C3%A9if%C3%A8re

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Le terme anglais «shale» (qui désigne une roche sédimentaire argileuse et porteuse de ressources gazières) pourrait se rendre par «schiste argileux». De la même façon qu'on est ensuite justifié de traduire «shale gas» par «gaz de schiste» (sans ajouter «argileux» ou «sédimentaire», puisque ce type de schiste est le seul à renfermer du gaz), on est justifié de rendre «gas shale» par «schiste gazéifère» (ou «schiste gazifère»).  4, record 4, French, - schiste%20gaz%C3%A9if%C3%A8re

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The process of opening cracks in hard carbonate productive formations by using a combination of oil and acid under high pressure.  2, record 5, English, - acid%20fracturing

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Fracturing.... Some of the fluids which are used in this process are crude oil..., special refined oils..., water..., acid(acid fracturing), and oil, water, and chemical emulsion(emulsifracturing).  3, record 5, English, - acid%20fracturing

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Opération consistant à élargir les fissures d'une formation carbonatée ou encore à créer des fissures par l'action combinée d'huiles et de solutions de divers acides.  2, record 5, French, - fracturation%20%C3%A0%20l%27acide

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Superfrac is a new hydraulic-fracturing technique which involves fracturing wells with mixtures of viscous oil and water carrying large propping agents. In this new technique the viscous fluid is pumped down the casing or tubing surrounded by an annular film of water.  1, record 6, English, - Superfrac

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Mode de fracturation (applicable aux formations à faible ou haute perméabilité) utilisant un fluide à haute viscosité (dispersion eau dans l'huile) et permettant d'obtenir une grande largeur de fissuration (10 mm).  1, record 6, French, - superfrac

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The second common technique is pressure acidizing, a particular method of fracturing. The method consists of using and acid solution instead of brine or water as frac fluid.  1, record 7, English, - pressure%20acidizing

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 8,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... another possible way of creating permeability in hot dry rocks is «impact fracturing». This method... [may be described in its principle. ] A bore, cased except near the lower extremity, is surmounted by a hydraulic accumulator, filled with water and pressurized by means of a pump until the accumulator weight is lifted. The lifting pressure should be perhaps about 90% of the estimated hydro-fracturing pressure. A dynamic blow would then be struck upon the top of the water column by means of some device resembling a pile-driver, so that shock waves would travel to the base of the bore and be reflected up and down at attenuating intensity. Very high instantaneous pressures would be generated which would fracture the rock, and it is expected that the steepness of the pressure rise would be such as to resemble explosive action, so that the «star» formation... would be produced.  1, record 8, English, - impact%20fracturing

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

Record 8,  Textual support,  Spanish