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FREE ENZYME [23 records]
Record 1 - internal organization data 2011-06-07
Record 1, English
Record 1, Subject field(s)
- Biological Sciences
- Biotechnology
Record 1, Main entry term, English
- hollow fiber
1, record 1, English, hollow%20fiber
correct
Record 1, Abbreviations, English
Record 1, Synonyms, English
Record 1, Textual support, English
Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Thick-walled tubes about the diameter of a human hair. The tubes are made of a semipermeable material, such as cellulose, which confines large molecules while freely passing small ones. 2, record 1, English, - hollow%20fiber
Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Since the enzyme molecule entrapped is not chemically modified, its kinetic behavior in the hollow fiber enzyme reactor could be expected to be the same as that of the free enzyme. However, with hollow fiber reactors in the first category the permeation of substrate into the membrane is often the rate-determining step.... Thus, the apparent Michaelis constant Km(app) is often larger than the Km of the free enzyme. For example, a bacterial alkaline phosphatase entrapped in the outside region of a cellulose hollow fiber had a Km(app) l 700 times larger than the Km of the free enzyme. 3, record 1, English, - hollow%20fiber
Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS
In the first hollow fiber enzyme reactor ... the enzyme solution was placed inside a fiber bundle, which was then temporarily sealed. The substrate solution was introduced to the container outside the hollow fibers. Substrate molecules passed through the fibers to be converted by the enzyme on the inside. Products diffused out. 2, record 1, English, - hollow%20fiber
Record 1, French
Record 1, Domaine(s)
- Sciences biologiques
- Biotechnologie
Record 1, Main entry term, French
- fibre creuse
1, record 1, French, fibre%20creuse
correct, feminine noun
Record 1, Abbreviations, French
Record 1, Synonyms, French
Record 1, Textual support, French
Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Fibre constituée d'un matériau poreux (une membrane semi-perméable) dont le diamètre interne est de l'ordre du mm. Les enzymes peuvent y être piégées. Il suffit de remplir de telles fibres par une solution d'enzymes et de sceller leurs extrémités. Des artifices technologiques permettent d'obtenir immédiatement des réacteurs. 2, record 1, French, - fibre%20creuse
Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Les fibres creuses présentent une grande surface d'échange (0,1 à 1,5 m2) avec un encombrement minimum. La pression est fournie par la pompe qui envoie la solution à concentrer dans les fibres ou par l'application d'une dépression du côté du filtrat. La solution à concentrer circule dans les fibres, dans le premier cas. Dans le second cas, le filtrat est «pompé» à travers les fibres, à partir d'une solution agitée. Les vitesses d'ultrafiltration sont très élevées (on peut atteindre 1 à plusieurs litres par heure selon le nombre de fibres). 3, record 1, French, - fibre%20creuse
Record 1, Spanish
Record 1, Campo(s) temático(s)
- Ciencias biológicas
- Biotecnología
Record 1, Main entry term, Spanish
- fibra hueca
1, record 1, Spanish, fibra%20hueca
correct, feminine noun
Record 1, Abbreviations, Spanish
Record 1, Synonyms, Spanish
Record 1, Textual support, Spanish
Record 2 - internal organization data 2011-02-09
Record 2, English
Record 2, Subject field(s)
- Biological Sciences
Record 2, Main entry term, English
- intrinsic kinetic parameter
1, record 2, English, intrinsic%20kinetic%20parameter
correct
Record 2, Abbreviations, English
Record 2, Synonyms, English
Record 2, Textual support, English
Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Various devices, either experimental or theoretical, may be employed in order to eliminate any effects due to diffusion barriers or partitioning. This will leave the intrinsic kinetic parameters of the enzyme which may not be the same as those of the enzyme in free solution. 1, record 2, English, - intrinsic%20kinetic%20parameter
Record 2, French
Record 2, Domaine(s)
- Sciences biologiques
Record 2, Main entry term, French
- paramètre intrinsèque
1, record 2, French, param%C3%A8tre%20intrins%C3%A8que
correct, masculine noun
Record 2, Abbreviations, French
Record 2, Synonyms, French
Record 2, Textual support, French
Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Les mesures d'activités effectuées sur les dérivés enzymatiques insolubles ne permettent d'atteindre que des grandeurs macroscopiques qui sont la résultante d'un ensemble de phénomènes [...] à l'échelle moléculaire, difficilement accessibles. [...] De ce fait, et contrairement à ce que l'on obtient avec une enzyme en solution, les paramètres cinétiques que l'on pourra mesurer ne seront pas des paramètres intrinsèques de l'enzyme mais des valeurs moyennes. La constante de Michaelis, en particulier, sera appelée alors constante de Michaelis apparente de l'enzyme immobilisée. 2, record 2, French, - param%C3%A8tre%20intrins%C3%A8que
Record 2, Spanish
Record 2, Textual support, Spanish
Record 3 - internal organization data 2011-02-09
Record 3, English
Record 3, Subject field(s)
- Biological Sciences
- Biotechnology
Record 3, Main entry term, English
- microenvironment
1, record 3, English, microenvironment
correct
Record 3, Abbreviations, English
Record 3, Synonyms, English
Record 3, Textual support, English
Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF
The immediate vicinity of the bound enzyme. 2, record 3, English, - microenvironment
Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT
There are two distinct ways in which a polymer support might affect the microenvironment surrounding an immobilized enzyme. The first may be considered to be a partitioning effect. By virtue of its own physical chemistry, the polymer may attract(or repel) substrate, product, inhibitor, or other molecules to its surface thus concentrating(or depleting) them in the immediate vicinity of the enzyme. The second way in which the polymer may affect the enzyme's microenvironment may be by presenting itself as a barrier to the free diffusion of molecules both to and from the enzyme. 3, record 3, English, - microenvironment
Record 3, French
Record 3, Domaine(s)
- Sciences biologiques
- Biotechnologie
Record 3, Main entry term, French
- microenvironnement
1, record 3, French, microenvironnement
correct, masculine noun
Record 3, Abbreviations, French
Record 3, Synonyms, French
- micro-environnement 2, record 3, French, micro%2Denvironnement
correct, masculine noun, obsolete
Record 3, Textual support, French
Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Environnement immédiat dans lequel agit l'enzyme. 1, record 3, French, - microenvironnement
Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Les conditions de microenvironnement imposées permettent de modifier considérablement la catalyse notamment du point de vue de la spécificité : seules les applications analytiques nécessitent une spécificité absolue. Pour les applications de bioconversions, il est intéressant de pouvoir exploiter pour une large gamme de substrats, une spécificité restreinte (régio- ou stéréospécificité) ex : isomération de glucose en fructose par la xylose isomérase. [...] Cette spécificité peut elle-même dépendre du microenvironnement : ainsi la β galactosidase d'E. Coli ne peut hydrolyser à l'état soluble les galactocérébrosides très hydrophobes. Elle acquiert cette capacité de reconnaissance par inclusion dans des liposomes. 3, record 3, French, - microenvironnement
Record 3, Spanish
Record 3, Campo(s) temático(s)
- Ciencias biológicas
- Biotecnología
Record 3, Main entry term, Spanish
- microambiente
1, record 3, Spanish, microambiente
masculine noun
Record 3, Abbreviations, Spanish
Record 3, Synonyms, Spanish
Record 3, Textual support, Spanish
Record 4 - internal organization data 2011-01-11
Record 4, English
Record 4, Subject field(s)
- Biological Sciences
Record 4, Main entry term, English
- uncompetitive enzyme inhibition
1, record 4, English, uncompetitive%20enzyme%20inhibition
correct
Record 4, Abbreviations, English
Record 4, Synonyms, English
- uncompetitive inhibition 2, record 4, English, uncompetitive%20inhibition
correct
Record 4, Textual support, English
Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF
The prevention of an enzymic process as a result of the interaction of an inhibitor with the enzyme-substrate complex or a subsequent intermediate form of the enzyme, but not with the free enzyme. 1, record 4, English, - uncompetitive%20enzyme%20inhibition
Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT
In uncompetitive inhibition which is not very aptly named, the inhibitor does not combine with the free enzyme or affect its reaction with its normal substrate; however, it does combine with the enzyme-substrate complex to give an inactive enzyme-substrate-inhibitor complex, which cannot undergo further reaction to yield the normal product... Uncompetitive inhibition is rare in one-substrate reactions. 3, record 4, English, - uncompetitive%20enzyme%20inhibition
Record 4, French
Record 4, Domaine(s)
- Sciences biologiques
Record 4, Main entry term, French
- inhibition incompétitive
1, record 4, French, inhibition%20incomp%C3%A9titive
correct, feminine noun
Record 4, Abbreviations, French
Record 4, Synonyms, French
- inhibition par blocage du complexe intermédiaire 2, record 4, French, inhibition%20par%20blocage%20du%20complexe%20interm%C3%A9diaire
correct, feminine noun
Record 4, Textual support, French
Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Inhibition par blocage du complexe ES enzyme-substrat. On suppose l'existence sur l'enzyme de deux sites de fixation, l'un réservé au substrat, l'autre à l'inhibiteur, mais ce dernier ne peut se fixer de façon réversible que sur le complexe intermédiaire ES. [...] L'inhibiteur ne permet pas au complexe ternaire ESI, d'évoluer vers l'élaboration du produit. 1, record 4, French, - inhibition%20incomp%C3%A9titive
Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Dans l'inhibition incompétitive, le degré d'inhibition peut s'élever lorsque la concentration en substrat est augmentée, contrairement à l'inhibition non compétitive, où l'inhibiteur n'est pas déplacé lorsqu'on augmente la concentration en substrat. L'inhibition incompétitive est rare dans les réactions à un substrat mais banale dans les réactions à deux substrats. 2, record 4, French, - inhibition%20incomp%C3%A9titive
Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS
Voir «inhibition compétitive», «inhibition non compétitive». 2, record 4, French, - inhibition%20incomp%C3%A9titive
Record 4, Spanish
Record 4, Textual support, Spanish
Record 5 - internal organization data 2011-01-07
Record 5, English
Record 5, Subject field(s)
- Biological Sciences
Record 5, Main entry term, English
- free enzyme
1, record 5, English, free%20enzyme
correct
Record 5, Abbreviations, English
Record 5, Synonyms, English
Record 5, Textual support, English
Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT
With hollow fiber reactors... the permeation of substrate into the membrane is often the rate-determining step. Therefore, the reaction rate does not reach a maximum in the same concentration range as for free enzyme, because the actual substrate concentration in the chamber of enzyme solution is always lower than the bulk substrate concentration as a result of the enzyme reaction. Thus the apparent Michaelis constant Km(app) is often larger than the Km of the free enzyme. For example, a bacterial alkaline phosphatase entrapped in the outside region of a cellulose hollow fiber had a Km(app) 1 700 times larger than the Km of the free enzyme. 1, record 5, English, - free%20enzyme
Record 5, French
Record 5, Domaine(s)
- Sciences biologiques
Record 5, Main entry term, French
- enzyme libre
1, record 5, French, enzyme%20libre
correct, feminine noun
Record 5, Abbreviations, French
Record 5, Synonyms, French
Record 5, Textual support, French
Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Une différence fondamentale apparaît entre le comportement cinétique d'une enzyme libre et d'une enzyme immobilisée. Prenons l'exemple d'un réacteur à lit fixe : aux faibles débits, il existe une différence significative entre la concentration moyenne en substrat dans la colonne et la concentration à proximité du site actif de l'enzyme, et la valeur de K'm est plus élevée pour l'enzyme liée que pour l'enzyme libre. 2, record 5, French, - enzyme%20libre
Record 5, Spanish
Record 5, Textual support, Spanish
Record 6 - internal organization data 2011-01-07
Record 6, English
Record 6, Subject field(s)
- Biological Sciences
Record 6, Main entry term, English
- effectiveness factor
1, record 6, English, effectiveness%20factor
correct
Record 6, Abbreviations, English
Record 6, Synonyms, English
Record 6, Textual support, English
Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Ratio of the activity of the immobilized enzymes(or cells) and the activity of an equivalent quantity of free enzymes(or cells). Assay must be under the same conditions. The activities of immobilized enzymes are usually expressed in terms of the number of grams of product formed per gram of immobilized enzyme/cells used per hour, or a g of product formed per ml of reactor volume per unit time. 2, record 6, English, - effectiveness%20factor
Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT
The rate of a heterogenous enzymic reaction is attenuated by the relative slowness of the substrate diffusion to the enzyme. By analogy to the well established chemical action of inhibitors, this phenomenon can be referred to as "diffusional inhibition". In the chemical engineering literature the effect of diffusional limitations on the catalyst activity is quantitatively expressed by the effectiveness factor, [eta], which measures the departure of V from Vkin and is defined by the following relationship: V = [eta]Vkin. Thus, the magnitude of diffusional inhibition is conveniently expressed by the reciprocal of the effectiveness factor, which is a complex function of the kinetic parameters, transport coefficient, and substrate concentration. 3, record 6, English, - effectiveness%20factor
Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS
The combined effects of the factors which affect the intrinsic properties of the enzyme are expressed as effectiveness factors. These are sometimes referred to as coupling efficiencies or activity yields. 1, record 6, English, - effectiveness%20factor
Record number: 6, Textual support number: 2 OBS
"eta" is a symbol for effectiveness factor. 2, record 6, English, - effectiveness%20factor
Record 6, French
Record 6, Domaine(s)
- Sciences biologiques
Record 6, Main entry term, French
- facteur d'efficacité
1, record 6, French, facteur%20d%27efficacit%C3%A9
correct, masculine noun
Record 6, Abbreviations, French
Record 6, Synonyms, French
Record 6, Textual support, French
Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Facteur qui permet de passer du taux de réaction fictif calculé à partir des valeurs accessibles expérimentalement des différents paramètres au taux réel de réaction pour un système donné. 2, record 6, French, - facteur%20d%27efficacit%C3%A9
Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Dans les installations de grande capacité, les phénomènes de résistance aux transferts de matière sont très importants et on se trouve rarement en régime stationnaire. C'est pourquoi les courbes d'activité des enzymes immobilisées peuvent s'écarter sensiblement des courbes théoriques. CARR et BOWERS font état d'un «facteur d'efficacité» permettant de relier les performances d'un procédé fonctionnant dans les conditions réelles d'hétérogénéité à celles du procédé homogène équivalent. 3, record 6, French, - facteur%20d%27efficacit%C3%A9
Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS
«êta» est un symbole pour désigner le facteur d'efficacité. 2, record 6, French, - facteur%20d%27efficacit%C3%A9
Record 6, Spanish
Record 6, Textual support, Spanish
Record 7 - internal organization data 2011-01-05
Record 7, English
Record 7, Subject field(s)
- Biological Sciences
Record 7, Main entry term, English
- enzyme-inhibitor complex
1, record 7, English, enzyme%2Dinhibitor%20complex
correct
Record 7, Abbreviations, English
Record 7, Synonyms, English
Record 7, Textual support, English
Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Complex that consists of an enzyme and an inhibitor which is bound either to the catalytic site of the enzyme or to some other site on the enzyme. 1, record 7, English, - enzyme%2Dinhibitor%20complex
Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Competitive inhibitors are those reacting reversibly with the free enzyme in competition with the substrate to form an enzyme-inhibitor complex; their action can be reversed by increasing the substrate concentration. 2, record 7, English, - enzyme%2Dinhibitor%20complex
Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS
EI is an abbreviation of enzyme-inhibitor complex. 3, record 7, English, - enzyme%2Dinhibitor%20complex
Record 7, French
Record 7, Domaine(s)
- Sciences biologiques
Record 7, Main entry term, French
- complexe enzyme-inhibiteur
1, record 7, French, complexe%20enzyme%2Dinhibiteur
correct, masculine noun
Record 7, Abbreviations, French
Record 7, Synonyms, French
- combinaison enzyme-inhibiteur 2, record 7, French, combinaison%20enzyme%2Dinhibiteur
correct, feminine noun
- complexe E-I 2, record 7, French, complexe%20E%2DI
correct, masculine noun
- complexe EI 2, record 7, French, complexe%20EI
correct, masculine noun
Record 7, Textual support, French
Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Complexe formé par l'association de l'enzyme avec l'inhibiteur. Dans l'inhibition compétitive, l'inhibiteur se combine avec l'enzyme libre et entre ainsi en compétition avec le substrat au niveau du site actif. L'inhibiteur compétitif réagit réversiblement avec l'enzyme pour former un complexe analogue au complexe enzyme-substrat. 2, record 7, French, - complexe%20enzyme%2Dinhibiteur
Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Il est clair que l'enzyme engagé dans le complexe E - I ne peut pas fonctionner comme catalyseur, seul le complexe E - S pourra permettre la formation des produits de la réaction. L'inhibition, en d'autres termes la proportion de molécules d'enzymes se combinant à l'inhibiteur, dépend de la concentration en substrat, de la concentration en inhibiteur, de l'affinité de l'enzyme pour le substrat et de l'affinité de l'enzyme pour l'inhibiteur. 3, record 7, French, - complexe%20enzyme%2Dinhibiteur
Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS
Différent du complexe (ES), le complexe (EI) ne se dégrade pas en produits de la réaction. 4, record 7, French, - complexe%20enzyme%2Dinhibiteur
Record 7, Spanish
Record 7, Textual support, Spanish
Record 8 - internal organization data 2010-12-23
Record 8, English
Record 8, Subject field(s)
- Biological Sciences
Record 8, Main entry term, English
- coupled enzyme system
1, record 8, English, coupled%20enzyme%20system
correct
Record 8, Abbreviations, English
Record 8, Synonyms, English
Record 8, Textual support, English
Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Enzymes are commonly used in clinical and research laboratories in coupled enzyme systems to determine the activity of another enzyme. Ex: the enzyme to be assayed, asparate aminotransferase, produces oxaloacetate which is a substrate for the second enzyme, malate dehydrogenase. This oxidizes its other substrate, reduced NAD, so that the reaction is readily followed by the decrease in extinction at 340 nm. If the assay is to be accurate the oxaloacetate must not accumulate; only if it is used as soon as it is formed will the rate of formation of NAD be a true measure of the activity of asparate aminotransferase. Since the second enzyme has to function with a minute substrate concentration, a great excess has to be present in the assay mixture. 1, record 8, English, - coupled%20enzyme%20system
Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 OBS
It has been calculated that even with a 100-fold excess of the second enzyme, compared to the first, there was likely to be a 4% error in the initial rate measurements. Thus these coupled enzyme systems are likely to be very expensive, and it is essential that the second enzyme be free from any contaminating activities that might interfere. 2, record 8, English, - coupled%20enzyme%20system
Record 8, French
Record 8, Domaine(s)
- Sciences biologiques
Record 8, Main entry term, French
- réaction enzymatique couplée
1, record 8, French, r%C3%A9action%20enzymatique%20coupl%C3%A9e
correct, feminine noun
Record 8, Abbreviations, French
Record 8, Synonyms, French
Record 8, Textual support, French
Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Les réactions enzymatiques couplées peuvent servir au dosage du substrat S ou du produit P d'une enzyme ou encore à la mesure de l'activité d'une enzyme. Par exemple lorsque l'enzyme E, dont on mesure l'activité, n'est pas une déshydrogénase à NAD [exposant+] ou NADP [exposant+], et que ni le substrat S, ni le produit P ne possèdent de propriétés spectrales particulières, on couple la première réaction à une deuxième, catalysée par une déshydrogénase dont P est le substrat. Dans certaines conditions, mesurer l'activité de la deuxième équivaut à mesurer l'activité de la première. La deuxième réaction est dite «réaction indicatrice» de la première, appelée «réaction principale». 2, record 8, French, - r%C3%A9action%20enzymatique%20coupl%C3%A9e
Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 OBS
Dans ces conditions la réaction principale est limitante pour la seconde, les vitesses des deux réactions sont alors égales. Pour cela, le NADH, H (exposant+] doit être en large excès et l'activité potentielle de E2 doit être grandement supérieure à celle de E1 (environ cent fois plus). 1, record 8, French, - r%C3%A9action%20enzymatique%20coupl%C3%A9e
Record 8, Spanish
Record 8, Textual support, Spanish
Record 9 - internal organization data 2010-12-23
Record 9, English
Record 9, Subject field(s)
- Biological Sciences
Record 9, Main entry term, English
- conformational transition
1, record 9, English, conformational%20transition
correct
Record 9, Abbreviations, English
Record 9, Synonyms, English
- conformational change 2, record 9, English, conformational%20change
correct
- conformation change 2, record 9, English, conformation%20change
correct
Record 9, Textual support, English
Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT
In recent years studies of enzyme conformational changes have become highly sophisticated. By a variety of physical techniques they have revealed the great complexity of response of enzymes to small molecules.... One method uses ultrasonics to study the pH induced conformational transition in the active centers of the enzymes. The method utilizes the observation that ultrasonic cavitation produces hydroxyl and hydroperoxyl free radicals in water solution. Penetration of these radicals into the enzyme active center results in enzyme inactivation due to destruction of certain functional groups important for the catalytic activity, typically tryptophan residues.... Thus, a kinetic study of the enzyme ultrasonic inactivation allows us to determine the parameters associated with the conformational changes in the enzyme active center. 2, record 9, English, - conformational%20transition
Record 9, French
Record 9, Domaine(s)
- Sciences biologiques
Record 9, Main entry term, French
- changement de conformation
1, record 9, French, changement%20de%20conformation
correct, masculine noun
Record 9, Abbreviations, French
Record 9, Synonyms, French
- modification de conformation 2, record 9, French, modification%20de%20conformation
correct, feminine noun
- changement conformationnel 2, record 9, French, changement%20conformationnel
correct, masculine noun
- transconformation 2, record 9, French, transconformation
correct, feminine noun
Record 9, Textual support, French
Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT
La conformation du centre actif n'est pas rigide. Elle a une flexibilité importante. L'association du substrat au centre actif induit très régulièrement un changement de conformation qui aboutit à un ajustement induit de la structure du centre actif. Les chaînes latérales qui participent au fonctionnement du centre actif, soit au centre de spécificité, soit dans la partie catalytique du centre actif, changent de position au cours de la fixation du substrat pour former le complexe enzyme-substrat, mais très souvent aussi au cours de la transformation catalytique du complexe pour former les produits de réaction. 1, record 9, French, - changement%20de%20conformation
Record 9, Spanish
Record 9, Textual support, Spanish
Record 10 - internal organization data 2010-09-15
Record 10, English
Record 10, Subject field(s)
- Biological Sciences
Record 10, Main entry term, English
- rate constant
1, record 10, English, rate%20constant
correct
Record 10, Abbreviations, English
Record 10, Synonyms, English
Record 10, Textual support, English
Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 DEF
The temperature-dependent magnitude that characterizes the velocity of a chemical reaction, as a function of the concentration of one of the reactants. It has the unit:(concentration)1-n x (time)-1, where n is the order of the reaction. 1, record 10, English, - rate%20constant
Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT
The Michaelis-Menten theory assumes that the enzyme... first combines with the substrate... to form the enzyme-substrate complex... ;the latter then breaks down in a second step to form free enzyme and the product.... These reactions are assumed to be reversible; the rate constants for the forward and reverse directions respectively have a positive and a negative subscript. 2, record 10, English, - rate%20constant
Record 10, French
Record 10, Domaine(s)
- Sciences biologiques
Record 10, Main entry term, French
- constante de vitesse
1, record 10, French, constante%20de%20vitesse
correct, feminine noun
Record 10, Abbreviations, French
Record 10, Synonyms, French
Record 10, Textual support, French
Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Valeur représentant la vitesse de réaction (...) lorsque la concentration de A est égale à l'unité. Cette valeur s'exprime en M1-v x sec-1, où v est l'ordre défini par rapport à l'ensemble des réactifs. 2, record 10, French, - constante%20de%20vitesse
Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT
L'ordre de grandeur des constantes de vitesse de catalyse dans la majorité des réactions enzymatiques est de 10 à 1 000 (10 à 1 000 molécules de substrat transformé par seconde et par molécule d'enzyme) à température ambiante. Ces réactions sont dans certains cas plusieurs milliards de fois plus rapides que lorsqu'elles ont lieu spontanément en absence de catalyseur. 3, record 10, French, - constante%20de%20vitesse
Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 OBS
En raison de contraintes d'ordre technique, les formules figurant dans la source CBT-167 ne peuvent être reproduites. 4, record 10, French, - constante%20de%20vitesse
Record 10, Spanish
Record 10, Textual support, Spanish
Record 11 - internal organization data 2004-10-20
Record 11, English
Record 11, Subject field(s)
- Chemical Engineering
- Bioengineering
Record 11, Main entry term, English
- polymerization
1, record 11, English, polymerization
correct
Record 11, Abbreviations, English
Record 11, Synonyms, English
Record 11, Textual support, English
Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Reaction in which a molecular weight is produced by successive additions to or condensations of a simpler compound; e.g., polystyrene may be produced from styrene, or rubber from isoprene, or a polynucleotide from a mononucleotides. 2, record 11, English, - polymerization
Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Any of the various components of the type of mixture necessary to gel-entrap an enzyme by polymerization have the potential to denature the enzyme... The monomer, typically comprising 20 to 60% of the polymerization reaction mixture, is more likely to damage the enzyme than are the reaction initiating free radicals, which are present in low concentrations, usually 10-6M or less. While lowering the monomer concentration may result in less damage to the enzyme, it also frequently weakens the gel and decreases the amount of protein entrapped. 3, record 11, English, - polymerization
Record 11, French
Record 11, Domaine(s)
- Génie chimique
- Technique biologique
Record 11, Main entry term, French
- polymérisation
1, record 11, French, polym%C3%A9risation
correct, feminine noun
Record 11, Abbreviations, French
Record 11, Synonyms, French
Record 11, Textual support, French
Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Réaction chimique au cours de laquelle un nombre plus ou moins grand de molécules de faible poids moléculaire (monomères) possédant, au moins, deux groupes fonctionnels, s'unissent pour former des composés de poids moléculaire élevé (polymères). 2, record 11, French, - polym%C3%A9risation
Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Avec des rayonnements ionisants, il faut, pour obtenir une inactivation totale des enzymes, appliquer des doses élevées, [...] bien supérieures aux doses permettant d'obtenir une stérilisation ou radappertisation. [...] Cette propriété permet d'utiliser les radiations ionisantes (rayons gamma ou rayons cathodiques) pour stériliser des préparations enzymatiques ou encore pour accélérer certaines réactions de polymérisation dans la préparation des enzymes immobilisées. 3, record 11, French, - polym%C3%A9risation
Record 11, Spanish
Record 11, Campo(s) temático(s)
- Ingenieria química
- Bioingeniería
Record 11, Main entry term, Spanish
- polimerización
1, record 11, Spanish, polimerizaci%C3%B3n
correct, feminine noun
Record 11, Abbreviations, Spanish
Record 11, Synonyms, Spanish
Record 11, Textual support, Spanish
Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Reacción o serie de reacciones mediante las cuales numerosas moléculas pequeñas de un monómero son soldadas y forman moléculas gigantes de un polímero. 2, record 11, Spanish, - polimerizaci%C3%B3n
Record 12 - internal organization data 2003-05-09
Record 12, English
Record 12, Subject field(s)
- Biological Sciences
- Biotechnology
Record 12, Main entry term, English
- exopeptidase
1, record 12, English, exopeptidase
correct
Record 12, Abbreviations, English
Record 12, Synonyms, English
Record 12, Textual support, English
Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 DEF
General name for a proteolytic enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of terminal peptide linkages in a polypeptide chain, thus releasing free amino acids. 2, record 12, English, - exopeptidase
Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Tests of various synthetic peptides as substrates showed that ... chymotrypsin ... is an endopeptidase; i.e., it can split certain types of peptide linkages wherever they occur in a peptide chain, in contrast to the exopeptidases, which can split only terminal peptide bonds. 3, record 12, English, - exopeptidase
Record 12, French
Record 12, Domaine(s)
- Sciences biologiques
- Biotechnologie
Record 12, Main entry term, French
- exopeptidase
1, record 12, French, exopeptidase
correct, feminine noun
Record 12, Abbreviations, French
Record 12, Synonyms, French
Record 12, Textual support, French
Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Enzyme protéolytique catalysant la rupture des liaisons peptidiques en détachant un acide aminé terminal. On distingue des aminopeptidases et des carboxypeptidases. 2, record 12, French, - exopeptidase
Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Chez les Mammifères, la digestion protéique se poursuit au-delà de l'estomac par l'intervention des sécrétions pancréatiques et intestinales. Le suc pancréatique est en effet riche en enzymes protéolytiques : trypsine, chymotrypsine, protaminase et carboxypeptidases. Cette digestion est complétée par des exopeptidases (aminopeptidase, di- et tripeptidases) produites par la muqueuse intestinale. 3, record 12, French, - exopeptidase
Record 12, Spanish
Record 12, Campo(s) temático(s)
- Ciencias biológicas
- Biotecnología
Record 12, Main entry term, Spanish
- exopeptidasa
1, record 12, Spanish, exopeptidasa
correct, feminine noun
Record 12, Abbreviations, Spanish
Record 12, Synonyms, Spanish
Record 12, Textual support, Spanish
Record 13 - internal organization data 2003-05-09
Record 13, English
Record 13, Subject field(s)
- Biological Sciences
- Biotechnology
Record 13, Main entry term, English
- cell-free extract
1, record 13, English, cell%2Dfree%20extract
correct
Record 13, Abbreviations, English
Record 13, Synonyms, English
Record 13, Textual support, English
Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Solution obtained by rupturing cells and removing all particulate matter. 2, record 13, English, - cell%2Dfree%20extract
Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Intracellular enzymes are usually released from inside the cell by mechanical or chemical disruption, or by permeabilization of the cell membrane so as to allow leakage. Common methods of cell disruption include high pressure homogenizers, ball mills, freeze-thawing, pH, temperature, or osmotic shocking, or enzyme digestion such as with lysozyme or the mixture of enzymes derived from Micrococcus lysodeikticus. The resulting crude enzymically active preparations are then clarified free of remaining cells and cell debris by filtration or centrifugation... The resulting cell-free extracts can then be purified by a consecutive series of fractionation and concentration steps. These include ion-exchange chromatography and membrane techniques, such as ultrafiltration and reverse osmosis. 3, record 13, English, - cell%2Dfree%20extract
Record 13, French
Record 13, Domaine(s)
- Sciences biologiques
- Biotechnologie
Record 13, Main entry term, French
- extrait acellulaire
1, record 13, French, extrait%20acellulaire
correct, masculine noun
Record 13, Abbreviations, French
Record 13, Synonyms, French
Record 13, Textual support, French
Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Extrait dépourvu des structures de la cellule intacte. [...] A partir de telles préparations, il devient possible d'accumuler des intermédiaires métaboliques en utilisant des inhibiteurs enzymatiques spécifiques par inactivation d'enzymes spécifiques ou par élimination ou inactivation de coenzymes indispensables. 2, record 13, French, - extrait%20acellulaire
Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT
En 1897, la découverte par Buchner du fait que la cellule vivante per se n'est pas nécessaire à la fermentation fit faire un grand progrès à l'étude des étapes chimiques de ce processus. Il observa qu'un extrait acellulaire de levure était capable, par lui-même, de transformer le glucose en éthanol. 3, record 13, French, - extrait%20acellulaire
Record 13, Spanish
Record 13, Campo(s) temático(s)
- Ciencias biológicas
- Biotecnología
Record 13, Main entry term, Spanish
- extracto libre de células
1, record 13, Spanish, extracto%20libre%20de%20c%C3%A9lulas
correct, masculine noun
Record 13, Abbreviations, Spanish
Record 13, Synonyms, Spanish
Record 13, Textual support, Spanish
Record 14 - internal organization data 2001-07-30
Record 14, English
Record 14, Subject field(s)
- Food Industries
- Breadmaking
Record 14, Main entry term, English
- gluten protein denaturation
1, record 14, English, gluten%20protein%20denaturation
correct
Record 14, Abbreviations, English
Record 14, Synonyms, English
Record 14, Textual support, English
Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Other reactions in the dough during baking, particularly those relevant to bread quality, include starch gelatinization, gluten protein denaturation and enzyme inactivation. Wheat protein denaturation in dough starts at about 70 degrees C and proceeds to a point where the gas cell walls become fixed and expansion terminates. While internal crumb temperatures do not exceed 100 degrees C crust temperature reaches 195 degrees C. At this high temperature, complex browning reactions of the Maillard-type take place between reducing sugars and free amino acids. These reactions lead to the characteristic crust colour and substantially influence bread flavour. 1, record 14, English, - gluten%20protein%20denaturation
Record 14, French
Record 14, Domaine(s)
- Industrie de l'alimentation
- Boulangerie
Record 14, Main entry term, French
- dénaturation de la protéine du gluten
1, record 14, French, d%C3%A9naturation%20de%20la%20prot%C3%A9ine%20du%20gluten
correct, feminine noun
Record 14, Abbreviations, French
Record 14, Synonyms, French
Record 14, Textual support, French
Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Parmi les autres réactions qui se produisent à la cuisson et qui influent sur la qualité du pain, il faut mentionner la gélification de l'amidon, la dénaturation de la protéine du gluten et l'inactivation des enzymes. Les protéines du blé dans la pâte commencent à se dénaturer à 70 degrés C et cette réaction se poursuit jusqu'au moment où les parois des cellules de gaz deviennent fixes et où l'expansion s'arrête. Tandis que la température interne de la mie ne dépasse pas 100 degrés C, celle de la croûte s'élève jusqu'à 195 degrés C. A cette température élevée a lieu le brunissement par réaction de Maillard où se trouvent impliqués les sucs réducteurs et les amino-acides libres. Cette réaction confère à la croûte sa coloration caractéristique et contribue en grande partie à la saveur du pain. 1, record 14, French, - d%C3%A9naturation%20de%20la%20prot%C3%A9ine%20du%20gluten
Record 14, Spanish
Record 14, Textual support, Spanish
Record 15 - internal organization data 1999-09-22
Record 15, English
Record 15, Subject field(s)
- Biological Sciences
Record 15, Main entry term, English
- enzyme membrane reactor
1, record 15, English, enzyme%20membrane%20reactor
correct
Record 15, Abbreviations, English
- EMR 2, record 15, English, EMR
correct
Record 15, Synonyms, English
- membrane reactor 2, record 15, English, membrane%20reactor
correct
- membrane filter bioreactor 2, record 15, English, membrane%20filter%20bioreactor
correct
Record 15, Textual support, English
Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Enzyme membrane reactors... combine enzyme recycling with the advantages of homogeneous enzyme catalysis.... Substrate is pumped into a loop reactor that contains the dissolved enzyme. The product solution that accumulates behind the membrane is free from enzyme and ready for work-up.... The economic operation of an EMR plant requires that the sterile reactor be operated for months in order to utilize the enzyme activity to the greatest possible extent. 2, record 15, English, - enzyme%20membrane%20reactor
Record 15, French
Record 15, Domaine(s)
- Sciences biologiques
Record 15, Main entry term, French
- réacteur à membrane
1, record 15, French, r%C3%A9acteur%20%C3%A0%20membrane
correct, masculine noun
Record 15, Abbreviations, French
Record 15, Synonyms, French
- réacteur enzymatique à membrane 2, record 15, French, r%C3%A9acteur%20enzymatique%20%C3%A0%20membrane
correct, masculine noun
Record 15, Textual support, French
Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Dans les réacteurs à membrane [...] l'enzyme peut être sous forme native soluble ou fixée sur particules solides, ce qui accroît son volume et permet de travailler avec des seuils d'exclusion plus importants (taille des pores de la membrane) et des débits plus élevés. [...] Plusieurs types de réacteurs sont équipés de membranes directement porteuses d'activité. L'enzyme est alors adsorbée en surface (enzyme extramembranaire) ou incluse dans la trame du support. 1, record 15, French, - r%C3%A9acteur%20%C3%A0%20membrane
Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 OBS
Le réacteur enzymatique à membrane constitue la technique de fragmentation la plus souple et la plus adaptée aux composants des liquides biologiques. 3, record 15, French, - r%C3%A9acteur%20%C3%A0%20membrane
Record 15, Spanish
Record 15, Textual support, Spanish
Record 16 - internal organization data 1996-06-13
Record 16, English
Record 16, Subject field(s)
- Genetics
Record 16, Main entry term, English
- reverse epitope-tagging 1, record 16, English, reverse%20epitope%2Dtagging
Record 16, Abbreviations, English
Record 16, Synonyms, English
Record 16, Textual support, English
Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Purification of mutant enzymes is a prime requirement of biophysical and biochemical studies. Our investigations on the essential E. Coli enzyme glutaminyl-tRNA sybthetase demand mutant enzymes free of any wild-type protein contamination. However, as it is not possible to express non-complementing mutant enzymes in an E. Coli gInS-deletion strain, we developed a novel strategy to address these problems. Instead of following the common tactic of epitope-tagging the mutant protein of interest on an extrachromosomal genetic element, we fused a reporter epitope to the 5’ end of the chromosomal gInS-gene copy : this is referred as reverse epitope-tagging. 1, record 16, English, - reverse%20epitope%2Dtagging
Record 16, French
Record 16, Domaine(s)
- Génétique
Record 16, Main entry term, French
- marquage de l'épitope inverse
1, record 16, French, marquage%20de%20l%27%C3%A9pitope%20inverse
proposal, masculine noun
Record 16, Abbreviations, French
Record 16, Synonyms, French
Record 16, Textual support, French
Record 16, Spanish
Record 16, Textual support, Spanish
Record 17 - internal organization data 1996-06-06
Record 17, English
Record 17, Subject field(s)
- Radiation Protection
- Fluid Mechanics and Hydraulics (Physics)
- Audio Technology
Record 17, Main entry term, English
- ultrasonic cavitation
1, record 17, English, ultrasonic%20cavitation
correct
Record 17, Abbreviations, English
Record 17, Synonyms, English
Record 17, Textual support, English
Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 CONT
In recent years studies of enzyme conformational changes have become highly sophisticated. By a variety of physical techniques they have revealed the great complexity of response of enzymes to small molecules.... One method uses ultrasonics to study the pH induced conformational transition in the active centers of the enzymes. The method utilizes the observation that ultrasonic cavitation produces hydroxyl and hydroperoxyl free radicals in water solution. Penetration of these radicals into the enzyme active center results in enzyme inactivation due to destruction of certain functional groups important for the catalytic activity, typically tryptophan residues.... Thus, a kinetic study of the enzyme ultrasonic inactivation allows us to determine the parameters associated with the conformational changes in the enzyme active center. 1, record 17, English, - ultrasonic%20cavitation
Record 17, French
Record 17, Domaine(s)
- Radioprotection
- Mécanique des fluides et hydraulique (Physique)
- Électroacoustique
Record 17, Main entry term, French
- cavitation aux ultrasons
1, record 17, French, cavitation%20aux%20ultrasons
correct, feminine noun
Record 17, Abbreviations, French
Record 17, Synonyms, French
Record 17, Textual support, French
Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Cavitation aux ultrasons. On crée un phénomène de cavitation (création de petites bulles à pression réduite) dans l'eau qui baigne la pièce à décontaminer, par des ultrasons. Ils produisent des variations de pression à fréquence élevée qui décollent les éléments contaminants déposés sur la surface à décontaminer. Cette méthode n'est utilisable qu'en atelier sur des pièces de volume limité et de géométrie favorable. 1, record 17, French, - cavitation%20aux%20ultrasons
Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 OBS
«cavitation» : Formation de vide partiel dans un liquide dû à une séparation de constituants ou à un départ de gaz, notamment par action des ultrasons mais plus fréquemment au sein d'un liquide en mouvement, lorsque la pression dans le liquide devient inférieure à la tension de vapeur de celui-ci. 2, record 17, French, - cavitation%20aux%20ultrasons
Record 17, Spanish
Record 17, Campo(s) temático(s)
- Protección contra la radiación
- Mecánica de fluidos e hidráulica (Física)
- Electroacústica
Record 17, Main entry term, Spanish
- cavitación ultrasónica
1, record 17, Spanish, cavitaci%C3%B3n%20ultras%C3%B3nica
correct, feminine noun
Record 17, Abbreviations, Spanish
Record 17, Synonyms, Spanish
Record 17, Textual support, Spanish
Record 18 - internal organization data 1995-02-01
Record 18, English
Record 18, Subject field(s)
- Energy Transformation
- Fuel Cells (Electr.)
- Electrochemistry
- Biochemistry
Record 18, Main entry term, English
- biochemical fuel cell
1, record 18, English, biochemical%20fuel%20cell
correct
Record 18, Abbreviations, English
Record 18, Synonyms, English
Record 18, Textual support, English
Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Fuel cell which uses enzyme reactions to convert the fuel. The catalyst may be a free enzyme in solution, an immobilized enzyme, a microorganism, or an immobilized microorganism(whole cell). 2, record 18, English, - biochemical%20fuel%20cell
Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 CONT
A variety of designs of biochemical fuel cell have been developed, each utilizing as the source of electrical current the electrochemical oxidation of hydrogen at a platinum black electrode (anode). The hydrogen may be produced from a carbohydrate source by micro-organisms, for example Escherichia coli or Clostridium butyricum, that contain a hydrogen-producing system based on hydrogenase. 3, record 18, English, - biochemical%20fuel%20cell
Record 18, French
Record 18, Domaine(s)
- Transformation de l'énergie
- Piles à combustible (Électricité)
- Électrochimie
- Biochimie
Record 18, Main entry term, French
- pile combustible biochimique
1, record 18, French, pile%20combustible%20biochimique
feminine noun
Record 18, Abbreviations, French
Record 18, Synonyms, French
- pile à combustible biochimique 2, record 18, French, pile%20%C3%A0%20combustible%20biochimique
proposal, feminine noun
Record 18, Textual support, French
Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Pile à combustible expérimentale utilisant comme éléments des substances organiques et tendant à reproduire un processus biochimique, comme p. ex. la photo-synthèse. 1, record 18, French, - pile%20combustible%20biochimique
Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 OBS
Proposition à partir de «pile à combustible» et de «pile à combustible chimique», dans TERMIUM. 2, record 18, French, - pile%20combustible%20biochimique
Record 18, Spanish
Record 18, Textual support, Spanish
Record 19 - internal organization data 1991-06-06
Record 19, English
Record 19, Subject field(s)
- Molecular Biology
- Biochemistry
Record 19, Main entry term, English
- unusual base
1, record 19, English, unusual%20base
correct
Record 19, Abbreviations, English
Record 19, Synonyms, English
- rare nucleotide 1, record 19, English, rare%20nucleotide
correct
Record 19, Textual support, English
Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 CONT
("Unusual" means a base other than A, G, C, or U.) Many of the unusual bases differ from normal bases by the presence of one or more methyl(-CH3) groups. Most, if not all, of the methyl groups are enzymatically added after the nucleotides are linked together by 3’-5’ phosphodiester linkages. Very probably, the other unusual bases also arise by the enzymatic modification of a preexisting polynucleotide. The function of the unusual bases is not yet clear. They are not limited to alanine tRNA but occur in varying proportions in all tRNA molecules. Our only hint of their role is the fact that several unusual bases cannot form conventional base pairs. Some of the unusual bases may thus have the function of disruption double-helical hairpin regions, thereby exposing free keto and amino groups which can then form secondary bonds. Depending upon the specific bases, the free groups may form secondary bonds to template RNA, to a ribosome, or to the enzyme needed to attach a specific amino acid to its specific tRNA molecule. [Examples of those rare nucleotides are : Inosine, 1-methylinosine, N2-dimethylguanosine, 1-methylguanosine, Ribothymidine, Dihydrouridine and Pseudouridine]. 1, record 19, English, - unusual%20base
Record 19, French
Record 19, Domaine(s)
- Biologie moléculaire
- Biochimie
Record 19, Main entry term, French
- base rare
1, record 19, French, base%20rare
correct, feminine noun
Record 19, Abbreviations, French
Record 19, Synonyms, French
- nucléotide inhabituel 1, record 19, French, nucl%C3%A9otide%20inhabituel
correct, masculine noun
- base atypique 1, record 19, French, base%20atypique
correct, feminine noun
Record 19, Textual support, French
Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Les deux classes de bases trouvées dans tous les mononucléotides sont dérivées de corps aromatiques hétérocycliques appelés purine et pyrimidine. La purine dérive elle-même de la pyrimidine par la fusion d'un cycle pyrimidine et imidazole. Les trois bases pyrimidiques les plus communes sont : l'uracile, la thymine et la cytosine, désignées couramment par U, T et C respectivement. Les bases puriques intervenant le plus souvent comme composantes des mononucléotides sont l'adénine et la guanine, respectivement désignées par A et G. Il existe [aussi] de nombreuses bases rares, telles que la 5-méthylcytosine, ou la 5-hydroxyméthyl-cytosine, [l'ionosine, la pseudouridine, etc...] Le rôle de ces bases rares n'est pas clair pour l'instant. Elles (...) existent en proportions variables dans toutes les molécules de tARN. Seul indice connu sur leur rôle possible, ces bases rares ne peuvent pas s'apparier de la manière habituelle. Certaines de ces bases rares pourraient donc avoir pour fonction de provoquer l'ouverture de quelques régions en épingle à cheveux de la double hélice, exposant ainsi des groupements cétones et aminés libres susceptibles de former des liaisons secondaires. Selon la nature des bases exposées, ces groupements libres pourraient former des liaisons secondaires avec la matrice d'ARN, avec le ribosome ou avec l'enzyme qui attache l'acide aminé à son tARN spécifique. 1, record 19, French, - base%20rare
Record 19, Spanish
Record 19, Textual support, Spanish
Record 20 - internal organization data 1990-01-16
Record 20, English
Record 20, Subject field(s)
- Biological Sciences
Record 20, Main entry term, English
- cyanogen bromide method
1, record 20, English, cyanogen%20bromide%20method
correct
Record 20, Abbreviations, English
Record 20, Synonyms, English
- cyanogen bromide coupling procedure 2, record 20, English, cyanogen%20bromide%20coupling%20procedure
correct
Record 20, Textual support, English
Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Approach used for the laboratory preparation of immobilized enzyme derivatives as well as for insoluble adsorbents for affinity chromatography. It is based on the activation of water-insoluble polysaccharides, cellulose, cross-linked dextran, and agarose, with cyanogen bromide.... The polysaccharide is activated with cyanogen bromide at high pH(10-11. 5). Compounds containing free amino groups, including peptides and proteins, can then be attached covalently to the activated polymer at mildly alkaline pH values. 1, record 20, English, - cyanogen%20bromide%20method
Record 20, French
Record 20, Domaine(s)
- Sciences biologiques
Record 20, Main entry term, French
- couplage par réaction au bromure de cyanogène
1, record 20, French, couplage%20par%20r%C3%A9action%20au%20bromure%20de%20cyanog%C3%A8ne
correct, proposal, masculine noun
Record 20, Abbreviations, French
Record 20, Synonyms, French
Record 20, Textual support, French
Record 20, Spanish
Record 20, Textual support, Spanish
Record 21 - internal organization data 1989-12-18
Record 21, English
Record 21, Subject field(s)
- Biological Sciences
Record 21, Main entry term, English
- gel entrapment
1, record 21, English, gel%20entrapment
correct
Record 21, Abbreviations, English
Record 21, Synonyms, English
Record 21, Textual support, English
Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 CONT
The gel entrapment method involves entrapping of the enzymes within the interstitial spaces of crosslinked water insoluble polymer gels.... The usual method of gel formation is to polymerize acrylamide in an aqueous solution of the soluble enzyme and a crosslinking agent such as N, N-methylenebis(acrylamide). The resulting gel block can be mechanically dispersed into particles of desired size. The broad distribution of pore size of the gel inevitably results in leakage of the entrapped enzyme even after prolonged washing whilst the generation of free radicals in the course of the reaction may affect the activity of the entrapped enzymes. 1, record 21, English, - gel%20entrapment
Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 OBS
See record "entrapment". 2, record 21, English, - gel%20entrapment
Record 21, French
Record 21, Domaine(s)
- Sciences biologiques
Record 21, Main entry term, French
- inclusion dans un gel
1, record 21, French, inclusion%20dans%20un%20gel
correct, feminine noun
Record 21, Abbreviations, French
Record 21, Synonyms, French
Record 21, Textual support, French
Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Les enzymes sont en général immobilisées soit par fixation covalente sur un support membranaire, soit par utilisation d'un agent de pontage qui provoque la réticulation des molécules de protéine active ou la coréticulation de l'enzyme avec une protéine inerte. Les techniques d'inclusion dans un gel ou de confinement d'enzymes en solution sont progressivement remplacées pas les méthodes chimiques d'immobilisation. Les capteurs sont le plus souvent de type électrochimique. 1, record 21, French, - inclusion%20dans%20un%20gel
Record 21, Spanish
Record 21, Textual support, Spanish
Record 22 - internal organization data 1989-12-13
Record 22, English
Record 22, Subject field(s)
- Biological Sciences
Record 22, Main entry term, English
- activity ratio
1, record 22, English, activity%20ratio
correct
Record 22, Abbreviations, English
Record 22, Synonyms, English
Record 22, Textual support, English
Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 CONT
In the immobilized enzyme system, glucose-6-phosphate(G-6-P) produced by the first enzyme reaction, hexokinase, is immediately oxidized by the second enzyme, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, at a location close to the first one... This is a good example where diffusion resistance is efficiently utilized, and it suggests that the location of enzymes within cells significantly affects the enzyme reaction rate.... When the activity ratio of HK and G-6-PDH is small, the difference between immobilized and free enzymes becomes great..., while when it is high, the difference becomes small. In the latter case, it is considered that as the concentration of G-6-P within the carrier becomes very high due to the high activity of HK, the difference between the two systems becomes less apparent, because rather large amounts of G-6-P are released into the outer solution against the diffusion resistance. That is, when the activity ratio of HK and G-6-PDH is great, the diffusion resistance is not utilized efficiently. 1, record 22, English, - activity%20ratio
Record 22, French
Record 22, Domaine(s)
- Sciences biologiques
Record 22, Main entry term, French
- rapport des activités
1, record 22, French, rapport%20des%20activit%C3%A9s
correct, masculine noun
Record 22, Abbreviations, French
Record 22, Synonyms, French
Record 22, Textual support, French
Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Bien que, dans l'industrie, les enzymes soient utilisées pour hydrolyser des macromolécules complexes dont les sites de coupures sont souvent inconnus, l'effet global recherché implique généralement l'utilisation d'un type d'enzyme précis. Dans certains cas, tel celui de la pectinase, une enzyme associe trois activités différentes et le rapport des activités doit être assez précis suivant le produit à traiter. 1, record 22, French, - rapport%20des%20activit%C3%A9s
Record 22, Spanish
Record 22, Textual support, Spanish
Record 23 - internal organization data 1988-04-17
Record 23, English
Record 23, Subject field(s)
- Biochemistry
Record 23, Main entry term, English
- argininosuccinate lyase
1, record 23, English, argininosuccinate%20lyase
correct
Record 23, Abbreviations, English
Record 23, Synonyms, English
Record 23, Textual support, English
Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 CONT
The area cycle has several complex steps... the transfer of the second amino group to citrulline occurs by a condensation reaction between the amino group of aspartate and the carbonyl carbon of citrulline in the presence of ATP to form argininosuccinate. This reaction is catalyzed by argininosuccinate synthetase of the liver cytosol, a Mg2+-dependent enzyme.... In the next step argininosuccinate is reversibly cleaved by argininosuccinate lyase to form free arginine and fumarate. 1, record 23, English, - argininosuccinate%20lyase
Record 23, French
Record 23, Domaine(s)
- Biochimie
Record 23, Main entry term, French
- argininosuccinate lyase
1, record 23, French, argininosuccinate%20lyase
correct, feminine noun
Record 23, Abbreviations, French
Record 23, Synonyms, French
Record 23, Textual support, French
Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 OBS
Enzyme du cycle de synthèse de l'urie. 2, record 23, French, - argininosuccinate%20lyase
Record 23, Spanish
Record 23, Textual support, Spanish
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