TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

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Lipid peroxidation is an endogenous chain reaction that consists in the oxidative degradation of lipids; free radicals or non-radical species attack lipids containing carbon-carbon double bonds, with the hydrogen abstraction from a carbon and oxygen insertion that results in lipid peroxyl radicals and hydroperoxides.  3, record 1, English, - lipid%20peroxidation

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

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Citons également une autre cible majeure de l'attaque radicalaire : les acides gras polyinsaturés, comme l'acide linoléique et l'acide arachidonique, présents notamment dans les membranes plasmiques. Leur oxydation par les ERO [espèces réactives de l'oxygène], appelée peroxydation lipidique, conduit à la formation de très nombreux produits primaires (les hydroperoxydes) et secondaires (les aldéhydes) dont les activités biologiques sont multiples [...­]  4, record 1, French, - peroxydation%20lipidique

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

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Recombination. Reversal of the ionisation by the bonding of free electrons with positive ions. During recombination, the energy invested for ionisation is released again. It is emitted in the form of ultraviolet radiation. This UV [ultraviolet] radiation causes further plasma reactions, in particular the splitting of molecules into radicals. If the ions of a plasma find no reaction partner, they will recombine to form a neutral atom in a matter of split seconds.  2, record 2, English, - recombination

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

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Recombinaison. Inversion de l'ionisation par réunion d'électrons libres et d'ions positifs. Lors de la recombinaison, l'énergie investie pour l'ionisation est à nouveau libérée. Cette énergie est émise sous forme de rayonnement ultraviolet. Ce rayonnement UV [ultraviolet] provoque d'autres réactions plasmatiques, en particulier la division des molécules en radicaux. Si les ions d'un plasma ne trouvent pas de partenaire de réaction, ils se recombinent à l'atome neutre en une fraction de seconde.  2, record 2, French, - recombinaison

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

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Si existe un gas de fondo, la interacción [...] entre el plasma en expansión y el medio parcialmente ionizado modifica sustancialmente la emisión observada, debido a procesos de recombinación, transferencia de carga y de momento, etc.  2, record 2, Spanish, - recombinaci%C3%B3n

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

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The number of specified chemical changes in an irradiated substance produced per 100 eV [electron volts] of energy absorbed from ionizing radiation.  1, record 3, English, - G%2Dvalue

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Examples of such chemical changes are cross-linking production of particular molecules, and production of free radicals.  1, record 3, English, - G%2Dvalue

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G-value: term and definition standardized by ISO.  2, record 3, English, - G%2Dvalue

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

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Nombre de transformations chimiques spécifiées dans une substance irradiée, produites pour 100 eV [électorn-volts] d'énergie absorbée provenant du rayonnement ionisant.  1, record 3, French, - coefficient%20G

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Exemples de telles transformations chimiques : réticulation, production de molécules particulières et production de radicaux libres.  1, record 3, French, - coefficient%20G

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coefficient G : terme et définition normalisés par l'ISO.  2, record 3, French, - coefficient%20G

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

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Flaming combustion is one example of a chemical chain reaction. Sufficient heat will cause fuel and oxygen to form free radicals and initiate the self-sustained chemical reaction.  1, record 4, English, - chemical%20chain%20reaction

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

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La combustion vive est un exemple d'une réaction chimique en chaîne. Sous l'action d'une chaleur suffisante, le combustible et l'oxygène forment des radicaux libres et déclenchent la réaction chimique autogène.  1, record 4, French, - r%C3%A9action%20chimique%20en%20cha%C3%AEne

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Record 5,  Textual support,  English

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A substance, used in small proportion, that starts a chemical reaction, for example, by providing free radicals.  2, record 5, English, - initiator

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initiator: Term and definition standardized by ISO.  3, record 5, English, - initiator

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

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Substance qui, utilisée en faible proportion, initie une réaction chimique, par exemple en formant des radicaux libres.  2, record 5, French, - initiateur

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initiateur : Terme et définition normalisés par l'ISO.  3, record 5, French, - initiateur

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

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Sustancia que, usada en pequeña cantidad, da inicio a una reacción química, por ejemplo al formar radicales libres.  1, record 5, Spanish, - iniciador

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

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A loss of ozone around 40 km is particularly significant because that is the altitude where chlorine is thought to be the major player in the destruction of ozone. (Nitrogen radicals are the key species in the lower stratosphere, between about 12 and 30 km.)  5, record 6, English, - nitrogen%28%26%23183%3B%29

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nitrogen(·); N· radical: The dot must be centered and pronounced after the name: "nitrogen dot"; "N dot radical."  6, record 6, English, - nitrogen%28%26%23183%3B%29

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II-VI short wavelength lasers have had to overcome several technical challenges to become what they are today. Arguably the foremost obstacle to practical ZnSe based light emitters was the ability to p-type dope the semiconductor. It was discovered that by incorporating free nitrogen radicals in ZnSe sufficiently high p-type doping could be obtained.  6, record 6, English, - nitrogen%28%26%23183%3B%29

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Vitamin C and lipoic acid are also potent antioxidants that can scavenge various reactive oxygen and nitrogen radicals.  7, record 6, English, - nitrogen%28%26%23183%3B%29

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The injection of natural gas and urea has been shown to enhance the NOx reduction potential of the natural gas in utility boilers. The chemical kinetics mechanisms of FLGR® and SNCR have many of the same selective reactions. The injection of natural gas in hot, low oxygen furnace gas results in the formation of hydrocarbon radicals (CHi) and the subsequent formation of nitrogen radicals. The injection of urea (NH2-CO-NH2) results in the formation of similar nitrogen radicals. Both of these reagents reduce NOx to molecular nitrogen through a series of similar reactions.  8, record 6, English, - nitrogen%28%26%23183%3B%29

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New studies of the catalytic destruction of ozone in the lower stratosphere suggest a reordering of the catalytic cycles. Recent in-situ observations (from ER-2 flights) suggest that nitrogen radicals may not be as dominant in the catalytic destruction of ozone in the lower stratosphere as previously thought.  9, record 6, English, - nitrogen%28%26%23183%3B%29

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

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radicaux azotés : Famille de radicaux libres, qui contiennent au moins un atome d'azote, très importante dans le processus de destruction de l'ozone.  4, record 6, French, - azote%28%26%23183%3B%29

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Le représentant le plus dangereux de [la] famille [des radicaux N·] est le radical NO· [le point est centré, on prononce «radical NO point», ou monoxyde d'azote].  4, record 6, French, - azote%28%26%23183%3B%29

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Plusieurs nouvelles méthodes pour engendrer les radicaux iminyles, amidyles, carbamyles et autres radicaux azotés ont été mises au point. Les applications en synthèse organique, surtout dans le domaine des alcaloïdes, sont multiples. Les dérivés thiosemicarbazones, qui réagissent avec les radicaux stannyles pour donner des radicaux azotés par rupture de la liaison N-N, semblent particulièrement prometteurs car les précurseurs sont d'un accès très aisé.  5, record 6, French, - azote%28%26%23183%3B%29

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acide aminé : unité moléculaire de base des protéines, contenant un radical azoté et un acide organique.  6, record 6, French, - azote%28%26%23183%3B%29

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azote(·); radical N·: Le point est un point centré; pour les noms des radicaux comportant un point centré, il faut prononcer «dot» en anglais et «point» en français après le nom : «azote point»; «radical N point».  7, record 6, French, - azote%28%26%23183%3B%29

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

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A polymer of vinyl chloride. [Definition standardized by ISO.]  7, record 7, English, - poly%28vinyl%20chloride%29

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A chemical compound in the form of white powder or colorless granules, derived from the polymerization of vinyl chloride by free radicals with peroxide initiator, used in piping and conduits of all kinds, siding, gutters, window and door frames, raincoats, toys, gaskets, garden hose, electrical insulation, shoes, magnetic tape, film, and sheeting.  4, record 7, English, - poly%28vinyl%20chloride%29

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IUP AC rules for source-based names of polymers specify that when "poly" is followed by more than one word, enclosing marks are used. The IUPAC practice is followed in this International Standard. In common use, the enclosing marks are often omitted.  7, record 7, English, - poly%28vinyl%20chloride%29

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poly(vinyl chloride); PVC: terms standardized by ISO.  8, record 7, English, - poly%28vinyl%20chloride%29

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Polymère du chlorure de vinyle. [Définition normalisée par l'ISO.]  13, record 7, French, - poly%28chlorure%20de%20vinyle%29

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Résine synthétique thermoplastique obtenue par polymérisation du chlorure de vinyle. Poudres blanches, non hygroscopiques, inodores. Bonne résistance aux acides, alcalis, alcools, hydrocarbures, huiles. Utilisation : feuilles, films, tubes, imperméabilisation des tissus, verrerie, peintures, isolement de câble, fibres textiles ininflammables.  10, record 7, French, - poly%28chlorure%20de%20vinyle%29

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Polychlorure de vinyle (PVC, PCV ou CPV). [...] Appelé parfois chlorure de polyvinyle et découvert au début des années 1930, [...] il est [...] le polymère le plus important sur le plan du tannage commercialisé.  3, record 7, French, - poly%28chlorure%20de%20vinyle%29

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Les règles de l'IUPAC concernant les termes relatifs aux produits de base des polymères, précisent que, lorsque «poly» est suivi d'une expression comportant plus d'un mot, on doit utiliser des parenthèses. La présente Norme internationale respecte la pratique courante de l'IUPAC. Dans l'usage courant, on néglige souvent l'emploi des parenthèses.  13, record 7, French, - poly%28chlorure%20de%20vinyle%29

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poly(chlorure de vinyle); PVC : termes normalisés par l'ISO.  14, record 7, French, - poly%28chlorure%20de%20vinyle%29

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish

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Polímero termoplástico sintético. Es un polvo blanco, inodoro e insípido. Atóxico. Combustible autoextinguible.  7, record 7, Spanish, - cloruro%20de%20polivinilo

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Existen diferentes tipos y son materiales plásticos cristalinos, transparentes, inodoros e insolubles en la mayoría de los disolventes orgánicos.  7, record 7, Spanish, - cloruro%20de%20polivinilo

Record 8,  Textual support,  English

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A molecular beam is produced by allowing a gas at higher pressure to expand through a small orifice into a container at lower pressure. The result is a beam of particles(atoms, free radicals, molecules or ions) moving at approximately equal velocities, with few collisions occurring between them.  2, record 8, English, - molecular%20beam

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

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Molécules ou atomes neutres se déplaçant dans le vide en faisceau étroit, souvent à une vitesse thermique.  3, record 8, French, - faisceau%20mol%C3%A9culaire

Record 8,  Textual support,  Spanish

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Corriente dirigida, de moléculas ionizadas, producida por una fuente, y que depende solamente de su propia energía térmica.  1, record 8, Spanish, - haz%20molecular

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The chloride ion Cl^- gives up its excess negative charge(electron) with the consequent formation of free radicals Cl.  3, record 9, English, - chloride%20ion%20Cl%2D

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... if sodium bisulfate (Na+HSO4-) or ammonium chloride (NH4+Cl-) is used as an acid, the sodium ion (Na+) and the chloride ion (Cl-) contribute nothing to the acidic properties ...  6, record 9, English, - chloride%20ion%20Cl%2D

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Every anion is necessarily an ion; an ion must be either an anion or a cation.  5, record 9, English, - chloride%20ion%20Cl%2D

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Symbol: Cl[superscript-]  5, record 9, English, - chloride%20ion%20Cl%2D

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

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Le seul composé d'hydrogène et de chlore a pour formule HCl et se dissout dans l'eau en formant l'acide chlorhydrique, où le chlorure d'hydrogène HCl est totalement ionisé en ion Cl^- et ion H+ solvaté en H3O+.  5, record 9, French, - ion%20chlorure%20Cl%2D

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pluriel : des ions chlorure.  7, record 9, French, - ion%20chlorure%20Cl%2D

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Symbole : Cl^-  7, record 9, French, - ion%20chlorure%20Cl%2D

Record 9,  Textual support,  Spanish

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[...] el estómago vacía su contenido de alimentos en la luz, o cavidad, del intestino delgado, las llamadas células de las criptas de la mucosa intestinal secretan iones cloruro en la cavidad.  1, record 9, Spanish, - i%C3%B3n%20cloruro

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Símbolo: Cl^-  2, record 9, Spanish, - i%C3%B3n%20cloruro

Record 10,  Textual support,  English

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In recent years studies of enzyme conformational changes have become highly sophisticated. By a variety of physical techniques they have revealed the great complexity of response of enzymes to small molecules.... One method uses ultrasonics to study the pH induced conformational transition in the active centers of the enzymes. The method utilizes the observation that ultrasonic cavitation produces hydroxyl and hydroperoxyl free radicals in water solution. Penetration of these radicals into the enzyme active center results in enzyme inactivation due to destruction of certain functional groups important for the catalytic activity, typically tryptophan residues.... Thus, a kinetic study of the enzyme ultrasonic inactivation allows us to determine the parameters associated with the conformational changes in the enzyme active center.  2, record 10, English, - conformational%20transition

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

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La conformation du centre actif n'est pas rigide. Elle a une flexibilité importante. L'association du substrat au centre actif induit très régulièrement un changement de conformation qui aboutit à un ajustement induit de la structure du centre actif. Les chaînes latérales qui participent au fonctionnement du centre actif, soit au centre de spécificité, soit dans la partie catalytique du centre actif, changent de position au cours de la fixation du substrat pour former le complexe enzyme-substrat, mais très souvent aussi au cours de la transformation catalytique du complexe pour former les produits de réaction.  1, record 10, French, - changement%20de%20conformation

Record 10,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 11,  Textual support,  English

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A molecule or oxygen atom with one or more electrons in its outerest orbite non parallel with other of opposite rotations (spins) in the same orbital layer, fact which gives it high reactivity and makes it unsteady, with a short life.  2, record 11, English, - oxygen%20free%20radical

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Theories about aging were almost [15 years ago] as common as fruit flies. Senescence was caused by a strict genetic program for death. Or by random damage to DNA or to some of the critical enzymes that keep the body running. Or by changes in hormone levels, a decline in the functioning of the immune system or the relentless activity of highly reactive, potentially destructive molecules called oxygen free radicals.  3, record 11, English, - oxygen%20free%20radical

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Oxygen free radicals, unless they are quickly neutralized by antioxidants, can cause considerable damage to the membranes of mitochondria and to mitochondrial DNA.  4, record 11, English, - oxygen%20free%20radical

Record 11,  Textual support,  French

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Radical contenant deux électrons non appariés, chacun sur une orbitale séparée, de spin identique (état de restriction de spin).  1, record 11, French, - radical%20libre%20d%27oxyg%C3%A8ne

Record 11,  Textual support,  Spanish

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Molécula extraordinariamente inestable, con uno o más electrones desparejados.  2, record 11, Spanish, - radical%20libre%20de%20ox%C3%ADgeno

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Estos radicales pueden dañar la estructura de las membranas celulares y el ADN.  3, record 11, Spanish, - radical%20libre%20de%20ox%C3%ADgeno

Record 12,  Textual support,  English

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A term that describes a number of different practices in which oxygen, ozone, or hydrogen peroxide are administered via gas or water to kill disease microorganisms, improve cellular function, and promote the healing of damaged tissues.  1, record 12, English, - oxygen%2Fozone%20therapy

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Ozone itself is a form of oxygen, O₃, produced when ultraviolet light or an electric spark passes through air or oxygen. It is a toxic gas that creates free radicals, the opposite of what antioxidant vitamins do. Oxidation, however, is good when it occurs in harmful foreign organisms that have invaded the body. Ozone inactivates many disease bacteria and viruses.  1, record 12, English, - oxygen%2Fozone%20therapy

Record 12,  Textual support,  French

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L'ozone est une forme particulière d'oxygène. Alors que l'oxygène atmosphérique normal contient des molécules de 2 atomes, l'ozone est une molécule d'oxygène de 3 valeurs avec des propriétés complètement différentes, si bien que l'ozone est dissout dans le sang 15 fois plus rapidement que l'oxygène.  7, record 12, French, - th%C3%A9rapie%20par%20l%27oxyg%C3%A8ne%20et%20l%27ozone

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Record 13,  Textual support,  English

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... its primary active constituent, escin, exert several beneficial affects on the circulatory system. HCE is a veinotonic(tonifies the veins) and helps reduce fluid accumulation in the tissues. It has been shown to reduce leg circumference and volume in individuals with excessive fluid accumulation in these tissues. HCE also helps protect blood vessels from damaging free radicals. Products that contain Horse Chestnut Extract : Cream Sensitive.  1, record 13, English, - horse%20chestnut%20extract

Record 13,  Textual support,  French

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L'extrait de marron d'Inde est un des constituants du Complexe Antipollution Exclusif Clarins (Brevet Clarins).  2, record 13, French, - extrait%20de%20marron%20d%27Inde

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Record 14,  Textual support,  English

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[A] type of ultraviolet curing in which photoinitiators release reactive free radicals.  3, record 14, English, - free%20radical%20curing

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 OBS

free radical curing; free radical polymerisation: terms extracted from the Vocabulaire de la flexographie of France Brodeur and reproduced with the authorization of the Institut des communications graphiques du Québec.  4, record 14, English, - free%20radical%20curing

Record 14,  Textual support,  French

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Polymérisation de l'encre UV [ultraviolette], dont les photo-initiateurs sont des radicaux libres, sous rayonnement UV.  1, record 14, French, - s%C3%A9chage%20radicalaire

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 OBS

séchage radicalaire; terme et définition tirés du Vocabulaire de la flexographie de France Brodeur. Reproduction autorisée par l'Institut des communications graphiques du Québec.  2, record 14, French, - s%C3%A9chage%20radicalaire

Record 14,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 15,  Textual support,  English

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The nitrogen monoxide radical. This peculiar radical derived from nitrogen(NO·) is produced by endothelial cells and plays a prime physiological role in the regulation of blood pressure. Oxidative stress can lead to dysfunctioning of endothelial cells, causing them to produce the nitrogen monoxide radical in excess. The radical may then react with oxygenated free radicals to form substances that are highly toxic to the organism : peroxynitric derivatives(HOONOH).  8, record 15, English, - oxidonitrogen%28%26%23183%3B%29

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 OBS

[This radical] acts as a catalyst in the main ozone-destruction reaction chain.  9, record 15, English, - oxidonitrogen%28%26%23183%3B%29

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 2 OBS

oxidonitrogen(·): form recommended by the IUPAC (International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry).  2, record 15, English, - oxidonitrogen%28%26%23183%3B%29

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 3 OBS

oxidonitrogen(·); NO· radical: The dot must be centered and pronounced after the name: "oxidonitrogen dot"; "NO dot radical."  2, record 15, English, - oxidonitrogen%28%26%23183%3B%29

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 4 OBS

nitrogen oxides: A collective term (abbreviated NO_x) which refers to the nitrogen compounds NO (nitrogen monoxide), NO₂ (nitrogen dioxide), N₂O (dinitrogen oxide), N₂O₃ (dinitrogen trioxide), N₂O₄ (dinitrogen tetraoxide) and N₂O₅ (dinitrogen pentaoxide).  2, record 15, English, - oxidonitrogen%28%26%23183%3B%29

Record 15,  Textual support,  French

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Le radical du monoxyde d'azote. Ce radical particulier dérivé de l'azote (NO·) est produit par les cellules endothéliales et joue un rôle physiologique primordial dans la régulation de la pression sanguine. Un stress oxydant peut toutefois conduire à un mauvais fonctionnement des cellules endothéliales qui produiront alors un excès de radical du monoxyde d'azote. Ce dernier pourra réagir avec des radicaux libres oxygénés pour former des substances particulièrement toxiques pour l'organisme, les peroxynitriques (HOONOH).  7, record 15, French, - oxidoazote%28%26%23183%3B%29

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 OBS

[Ce] radical très important [...] joue le rôle de catalyseur libre dans la chaîne de réactions principale du processus de destruction de l'ozone.  8, record 15, French, - oxidoazote%28%26%23183%3B%29

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 2 OBS

oxydoazote(·) : forme recommandée par l'UICPA (Union internationale de chimie pure et appliquée).  1, record 15, French, - oxidoazote%28%26%23183%3B%29

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 3 OBS

oxydoazote(·); radical NO·: Le point est un point centré; pour les noms des radicaux comportant un point centré, il faut prononcer «dot» en anglais et «point» en français après le nom : «oxydoazote point»; «radical NO point».  1, record 15, French, - oxidoazote%28%26%23183%3B%29

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 4 OBS

oxydes d'azote : Terme collectif portant la forme abrégée NO_x qui se rapporte aux composés NO (monoxyde d'azote), NO₂ (dioxyde d'azote), N₂O (oxyde de diazote), N₂O₃ (trioxyde de diazote), N₂O₄ (tétraoxyde de diazote) et N₂O₅ (pentaoxyde de diazote).  1, record 15, French, - oxidoazote%28%26%23183%3B%29

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Record 16,  Textual support,  English

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Tests have proven also that Lancome's Impactive has proven its ability to combat free radicals. This uber product contains lycopene, which combined with the marine ingredient biodefensine aids in protecting the skin's natural defences.  3, record 16, English, - aquatic%20ingredient

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Marine ingredient derived from marine sources.  4, record 16, English, - aquatic%20ingredient

Record 16,  Textual support,  French

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Nouvel ingrédient marin obtenu par hydrolyse enzymatique à partir de chair d'huître, l'hydrolysat 02P possède des propriétés anti-radicalaires démontrées sur des tests cliniques in vitro [...] Ce nouvel ingrédient nutritionnel est particulièrement adapté au développement de compléments alimentaires anti-âge, anti-stress.  1, record 16, French, - ingr%C3%A9dient%20marin

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Record 17,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The system is based on electron paramagnetic resonance(EPR) spectrometry of free radicals derived from the amino acid alanine. It is classified as a reference standard dosimetry system.  1, record 17, English, - alanine%20dosimeter

Record 17,  Textual support,  French

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Dosimètre constitué d'un acide aminé, l'alanine, dont la molécule est brisée sous l'action des rayonnements ionisants avec formation de radicaux libres.  1, record 17, French, - dosim%C3%A8tre%20%C3%A0%20l%27alanine

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Le dosimètre à l'alanine est généralement utilisé comme dosimètre de référence en raison de sa précision et de sa fiabilité. C'est la méthode utilisée en France par le Laboratoire de Mesure des Rayonnements Ionisants (LMRI).  1, record 17, French, - dosim%C3%A8tre%20%C3%A0%20l%27alanine

Record 17,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 18,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Reaction in which a molecular weight is produced by successive additions to or condensations of a simpler compound; e.g., polystyrene may be produced from styrene, or rubber from isoprene, or a polynucleotide from a mononucleotides.  2, record 18, English, - polymerization

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Any of the various components of the type of mixture necessary to gel-entrap an enzyme by polymerization have the potential to denature the enzyme... The monomer, typically comprising 20 to 60% of the polymerization reaction mixture, is more likely to damage the enzyme than are the reaction initiating free radicals, which are present in low concentrations, usually 10^-6M or less. While lowering the monomer concentration may result in less damage to the enzyme, it also frequently weakens the gel and decreases the amount of protein entrapped.  3, record 18, English, - polymerization

Record 18,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Réaction chimique au cours de laquelle un nombre plus ou moins grand de molécules de faible poids moléculaire (monomères) possédant, au moins, deux groupes fonctionnels, s'unissent pour former des composés de poids moléculaire élevé (polymères).  2, record 18, French, - polym%C3%A9risation

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Avec des rayonnements ionisants, il faut, pour obtenir une inactivation totale des enzymes, appliquer des doses élevées, [...] bien supérieures aux doses permettant d'obtenir une stérilisation ou radappertisation. [...] Cette propriété permet d'utiliser les radiations ionisantes (rayons gamma ou rayons cathodiques) pour stériliser des préparations enzymatiques ou encore pour accélérer certaines réactions de polymérisation dans la préparation des enzymes immobilisées.  3, record 18, French, - polym%C3%A9risation

Record 18,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Reacción o serie de reacciones mediante las cuales numerosas moléculas pequeñas de un monómero son soldadas y forman moléculas gigantes de un polímero.  2, record 18, Spanish, - polimerizaci%C3%B3n

Record 19,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Spectroscopic analysis similar to nuclear magnetic resonance except that it employs microwave radiation instead of radiofrequencies. Used for studying free radicals, crystal centers, transition elements and structures involving unpaired electrons.  4, record 19, English, - electron%20paramagnetic%20resonance

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 OBS

electron paramagnetic resonance; EPR: term and abbreviation extracted from the "Disarmament and Peace Keeping" glossary with the permission of the United Nations Office at Geneva.  5, record 19, English, - electron%20paramagnetic%20resonance

Record 19,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 DEF

C'est une méthode d'étude physico-chimique par résonance très voisine dans son principe de la résonance magnétique nucléaire. Mais les particules dont on veut faire varier le spin ne sont pas les protons mais les électrons de la substance à étudier. Cela veut dire que : 1- la méthode ne sera applicable qu'aux corps possédant un électron célibataire; 2- les énergies mises en jeu sont 1850 fois plus grandes et la résonance aura lieu dans le domaine des ondes centimétriques (UHF).  3, record 19, French, - r%C3%A9sonance%20paramagn%C3%A9tique%20%C3%A9lectronique

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Terme et abréviation tirés du lexique «Désarmement et Maintien de la Paix» avec l'autorisation de l'Office des Nations Unies à Genève.  4, record 19, French, - r%C3%A9sonance%20paramagn%C3%A9tique%20%C3%A9lectronique

Record 19,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Resonancia paramagnética en la que intervienen electrones de conducción en el seno de un metal o un semiconductor.  1, record 19, Spanish, - resonancia%20paramagn%C3%A9tica%20electr%C3%B3nica

Record 20,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A substance in the group of free radicals normally present in the organism. When not destroyed by an antioxidizer this toxic compound may impair the cell membrane and thereby facilitate penetration of carcinogenic substances or cholesterol.  1, record 20, English, - peroxide

Record 20,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Substance, faisant partie du groupe des radicaux libres, normalement présente dans l'organisme. En cas de non destruction par un anti-oxydant, ce composé toxique peut endommager la membrane de la cellule et favoriser ainsi l'entrée de substances cancérigènes ou de cholestérol.  2, record 20, French, - peroxyde

Record 20,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 21,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Family of free radicals that contain at least one chlorine atom and play an important role in ozone destruction.  3, record 21, English, - free%20chlorine%20radicals

Record 21,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Famille de radicaux libres, qui contiennent au moins un atome de chlore, très importante dans le processus de destruction de l'ozone.  1, record 21, French, - radicaux%20libres%20de%20chlore

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Les radicaux libres C1. et C10. sont les deux principaux membres de cette famille.  1, record 21, French, - radicaux%20libres%20de%20chlore

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Un radical libre s'indique par un point à droite au symbole chimique  3, record 21, French, - radicaux%20libres%20de%20chlore

Record 21,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 22,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A reaction or process generating free radicals(or some other reactive reaction intermediates) which then participate in a chain reaction.  1, record 22, English, - initiation

Record 22,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Réaction ou processus de formation de radicaux libres, ou d'autres intermédiaires réactionnels réactifs, lorsque ceux-ci participent ensuite à une réaction en chaîne. Par exemple, pour la chloration des alcanes selon un mécanisme radicalaire, [...] la dissociation du chlore moléculaire constitue l'étape d'amorçage.  1, record 22, French, - amor%C3%A7age

Record 22,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 23,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In recent years studies of enzyme conformational changes have become highly sophisticated. By a variety of physical techniques they have revealed the great complexity of response of enzymes to small molecules.... One method uses ultrasonics to study the pH induced conformational transition in the active centers of the enzymes. The method utilizes the observation that ultrasonic cavitation produces hydroxyl and hydroperoxyl free radicals in water solution. Penetration of these radicals into the enzyme active center results in enzyme inactivation due to destruction of certain functional groups important for the catalytic activity, typically tryptophan residues.... Thus, a kinetic study of the enzyme ultrasonic inactivation allows us to determine the parameters associated with the conformational changes in the enzyme active center.  1, record 23, English, - ultrasonic%20cavitation

Record 23,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Cavitation aux ultrasons. On crée un phénomène de cavitation (création de petites bulles à pression réduite) dans l'eau qui baigne la pièce à décontaminer, par des ultrasons. Ils produisent des variations de pression à fréquence élevée qui décollent les éléments contaminants déposés sur la surface à décontaminer. Cette méthode n'est utilisable qu'en atelier sur des pièces de volume limité et de géométrie favorable.  1, record 23, French, - cavitation%20aux%20ultrasons

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 OBS

«cavitation» : Formation de vide partiel dans un liquide dû à une séparation de constituants ou à un départ de gaz, notamment par action des ultrasons mais plus fréquemment au sein d'un liquide en mouvement, lorsque la pression dans le liquide devient inférieure à la tension de vapeur de celui-ci.  2, record 23, French, - cavitation%20aux%20ultrasons

Record 23,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 24,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The gel entrapment method involves entrapping of the enzymes within the interstitial spaces of crosslinked water insoluble polymer gels.... The usual method of gel formation is to polymerize acrylamide in an aqueous solution of the soluble enzyme and a crosslinking agent such as N, N-methylenebis(acrylamide). The resulting gel block can be mechanically dispersed into particles of desired size. The broad distribution of pore size of the gel inevitably results in leakage of the entrapped enzyme even after prolonged washing whilst the generation of free radicals in the course of the reaction may affect the activity of the entrapped enzymes.  1, record 24, English, - gel%20entrapment

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 OBS

See record "entrapment".  2, record 24, English, - gel%20entrapment

Record 24,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les enzymes sont en général immobilisées soit par fixation covalente sur un support membranaire, soit par utilisation d'un agent de pontage qui provoque la réticulation des molécules de protéine active ou la coréticulation de l'enzyme avec une protéine inerte. Les techniques d'inclusion dans un gel ou de confinement d'enzymes en solution sont progressivement remplacées pas les méthodes chimiques d'immobilisation. Les capteurs sont le plus souvent de type électrochimique.  1, record 24, French, - inclusion%20dans%20un%20gel

Record 24,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 25,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 OBS

subclass [of Crinoidea], plates of calyx joined firmly together, mouth concealed by tegmen, dorsal cups lacking interray plates except on posterior side(anals) ;except in a few primitive forms, arms free above radicals. Lower-Ordovician Upper Permian.  1, record 25, English, - Inadunata

Record 25,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 OBS

[Forme de Crinoïde dont] Les caractères sont simples (...). Le calice est monocyclique; la bouche et les canaux ambulacraires sont au-dessous des orales (voûte d'hypascocrinoïde). Primaire.  1, record 25, French, - Inadunata

Record 25,  Textual support,  Spanish