TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Chief Justice Beverley McLachlin noted that “the Canadian approach in the last 60 years to potential conflicts between freedom of religion and other values has been to respect the individual' s religious belief and accommodate it if at all possible. ”  3, record 1, English, - religious%20belief

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La juge en chef Beverley McLachlin a fait remarquer que «la démarche retenue au Canada depuis soixante ans pour régler les conflits susceptibles d’opposer la liberté de religion à d’autres valeurs consiste à respecter la conviction religieuse de l’intéressé et à trouver des mesures d’accommodement dans la mesure du possible».  2, record 1, French, - conviction%20religieuse

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The freedom to undertake practices and harbour beliefs, having a nexus with religion, in which an individual demonstrates they sincerely believe or are sincerely undertaking in order to connect with the divine or as a function of their spiritual faith, irrespective of whether a particular practice or belief is required by official religious dogma or is in conformity with the position of religious officials.  2, record 2, English, - freedom%20of%20religion

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The council of commissioners’ decision prohibiting G from wearing his kirpan to school infringes his freedom of religion.  3, record 2, English, - freedom%20of%20religion

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

freedom of religion : designation and definition officially approved by the Defence Terminology Standardization Board.  4, record 2, English, - freedom%20of%20religion

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 2 OBS

freedom of religion : designation used by Citizenship and Immigration Canada and the Immigration and Refugee Board(IRB).  5, record 2, English, - freedom%20of%20religion

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Liberté de se livrer à des pratiques et d'entretenir des croyances ayant un lien avec une religion, pratiques et croyances que l'intéressé exerce ou manifeste sincèrement, selon le cas, dans le but de communiquer avec une entité divine ou dans le cadre de sa foi spirituelle, indépendamment de la question de savoir si la pratique ou la croyance est prescrite par un dogme religieux officiel ou conforme à la position de représentants religieux.  3, record 2, French, - libert%C3%A9%20de%20religion

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La décision du conseil des commissaires interdisant à G de porter son kirpan à l'école porte atteinte à sa liberté de religion.  4, record 2, French, - libert%C3%A9%20de%20religion

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

liberté de religion; liberté de culte : désignations et définition uniformisées par le Conseil de normalisation de terminologie de la défense.  5, record 2, French, - libert%C3%A9%20de%20religion

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 2 OBS

liberté de religion : désignation employée par Citoyenneté et Immigration Canada et la Commission de l'immigration et du statut de réfugié (CISR).  6, record 2, French, - libert%C3%A9%20de%20religion

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 3 OBS

liberté de culte : désignation employée par la Commission de l'immigration et du statut de réfugié (CISR).  6, record 2, French, - libert%C3%A9%20de%20religion

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

SCC is a non-profit organization dedicated to empowering the Syrian Canadian community through active defense of human rights and civil liberty for all Syrians and Canadians, with the following objectives : To strengthen the ties between the Syrian Canadian community members in Canada; to promote the Syrian culture and tradition among the Syrian Canadian community; to mobilize Syrian Canadians to strengthen civil society in Syria and Canada; to promote friendly relations between the Syrian and Canadian people; to cooperate with other organizations(local and international) ;to assert the fact that all Syrians are equal regardless of their ethnicity, religion, color, language, or [beliefs and] to advocate for freedom, democracy and human rights.  2, record 3, English, - Syrian%20Canadian%20Council

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights(ICCPR) is part of the International Bill of Human Rights, along with the Universal Declaration of Human Rights(UDHR) and the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights(ICESCR). It is a multilateral treaty adopted by the United Nations General Assembly on December 16, 1966, and in force from March 23, 1976. It commits its parties to respect the civil and political rights of individuals, including the right to life, freedom of religion, freedom of speech, freedom of assembly, electoral rights and rights to due process and a fair trial.  2, record 4, English, - International%20Covenant%20on%20Civil%20and%20Political%20Rights

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Le Pacte international relatif aux droits civils et politiques a été élaboré dès 1952, mais il fut adopté le 16 décembre 1966 par l'Assemblée générale des Nations unies dans sa résolution 2200 A (XXI). Le Pacte international relatif aux droits civils et politiques est une convention revêtant un caractère obligatoire pour les États qui l'ont ratifié, dont le Canada (avec entrée en vigueur le 19 août 1976). Toutefois, la jouissance des droits énoncés à l'article 27 ne doit pas porter atteinte à la souveraineté et à l'intégrité territoriale d'un État partie. Le Pacte est entré en vigueur le 23 mars 1976, conformément aux dispositions de l'article 49. Le Canada l'a ratifié le 19 août 1976.  3, record 4, French, - Pacte%20international%20relatif%20aux%20droits%20civils%20et%20politiques

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

To enhance and deepen international coordination on religious freedom, Canada established in June 2015 the International Contact Group on Freedom of Religion or Belief. The Contact Group brings together foreign ministries from more than 20 countries in a diverse and innovative multilateral effort to advance religious freedom.  1, record 5, English, - International%20Contact%20Group%20on%20Freedom%20of%20Religion%20or%20Belief

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

En juin 2015, dans le but d'améliorer et de renforcer la coordination internationale en matière de liberté de religion, le Canada a créé le Groupe de contact international sur la liberté de religion ou de croyance. Le Groupe réunit les ministères des Affaires étrangères de plus de 20 pays, qui font la promotion de la liberté de religion dans le cadre d'efforts multilatéraux axés sur la diversité et l'innovation.  1, record 5, French, - Groupe%20de%20contact%20international%20sur%20la%20libert%C3%A9%20de%20religion%20ou%20de%20conviction

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A sincerely held objection, on grounds of freedom of conscience or religion, to participation in war or other armed conflict, or the carrying and use of weapons as a requirement of service in the CAF [Canadian Armed Forces].  2, record 6, English, - conscientious%20objection

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

conscientious objection: term and definition officially approved by the Defence Terminology Standardization Board.  3, record 6, English, - conscientious%20objection

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Objection sincère, fondée sur la liberté de conscience ou de religion, à prendre part soit à une guerre ou à un autre conflit armé, soit au port et à l'utilisation d'armes en tant qu'exigences du service dans les FAC [Forces armées canadiennes].  2, record 6, French, - objection%20de%20conscience

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

objection de conscience : terme et définition uniformisés par le Conseil de normalisation de terminologie de la défense.  3, record 6, French, - objection%20de%20conscience

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

These include the right to self-determination; the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion; and the right to development understood here as the progressive realization of economic, social and cultural rights.  1, record 7, English, - right%20to%20development

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Il s’agit du droit à l’autodétermination, du droit à la liberté de pensée, de conscience et de religion, et du droit au développement, entendu ici comme le droit à la réalisation progressive des droits économiques, sociaux et culturels.  1, record 7, French, - droit%20au%20d%C3%A9veloppement

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 8,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Likewise, in Amselem, a case concerning the Quebec Charter, the Court refused to pit freedom of religion against the right to peaceful enjoyment and free disposition of property.  1, record 8, English, - free%20disposition%20of%20property

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Il en fût de même dans l'arrêt Amselem où, dans une cause concernant la Charte québécoise, la Cour s'est refusée à opposer la liberté de religion et le droit à la jouissance paisible et à la libre disposition des biens.  1, record 8, French, - libre%20disposition%20des%20biens

Record 8,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 9,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Thus, the central issue in the instant case is best suited to a s. 1 analysis. But before proceeding with this analysis, I will explain why the contested decision clearly infringes freedom of religion.  1, record 9, English, - contested%20decision

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Toutefois, avant de procéder à cette analyse, je vais expliquer pourquoi la décision litigieuse porte nettement atteinte à la liberté de religion.  1, record 9, French, - d%C3%A9cision%20litigieuse

Record 9,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 10,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

By disregarding the right to freedom of religion without considering the possibility of a solution that posed little or no risk to the safety of the school community, the council made an unreasonable decision.  1, record 10, English, - unreasonable%20decision

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

En faisant abstraction du droit à la liberté de religion sans étudier les solutions de rechange qui ne posaient que peu ou pas de risques pour la sécurité dans l'école, le conseil a rendu une décision déraisonnable.  1, record 10, French, - d%C3%A9cision%20d%C3%A9raisonnable

Record 10,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 11,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Having found that the decision infringed [his] freedom of religion and conscience, the Court of Appeal then incorporated that administrative law standard of review into its analysis of constitutional justification under s. 1 of the Canadian Charter.  2, record 11, English, - freedom%20of%20conscience

Record 11,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Ayant jugé que la décision du conseil des commissaires portait atteinte à la liberté de religion et de conscience [...], la Cour d'appel a ensuite incorporé cette norme de contrôle du droit administratif dans son analyse de la justification constitutionnelle au regard de l'article premier de la Charte canadienne.  2, record 11, French, - libert%C3%A9%20de%20conscience

Record 11,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 12,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

This is shown by two cases decided more than 10 years apart... the first of which deals with freedom of religion and the second with freedom of expression.  3, record 12, English, - freedom%20of%20expression

Record 12,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

En témoignent à plus de dix ans d'intervalle [deux arrêts], le premier portant sur la liberté de religion, le second sur la liberté d'expression.  3, record 12, French, - libert%C3%A9%20d%27expression

Record 12,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Teniendo presente el Pacto Internacional de Derechos Civiles y Políticos, en cuyo artículo 19 se reafirma el derecho de toda persona a no ser molestada a causa de sus opiniones, así como el derecho a la libertad de expresión, que comprende la libertad de buscar, recibir y difundir informaciones e ideas de toda índole, sin consideración de fronteras, ya sea oralmente, por escrito o en forma impresa o artística, o por cualquier otro procedimiento de su elección [...]  1, record 12, Spanish, - libertad%20de%20expresi%C3%B3n

Record 13,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The interference with G's freedom of religion is neither trivial nor insignificant, as it has deprived him of his right to attend a public school.  1, record 13, English, - right%20to%20attend%20a%20public%20school

Record 13,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'entrave à la liberté de religion de G est plus que négligeable ou insignifiante, puisqu'elle prive celui-ci de son droit de fréquenter l'école publique.  1, record 13, French, - droit%20de%20fr%C3%A9quenter%20l%27%C3%A9cole%20publique

Record 13,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 14,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... the Court defined the scope of the rights in issue(freedom of religion and the right to equality) in order to resolve any potential conflict.  1, record 14, English, - right%20to%20equality

Record 14,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[...] la Cour a délimité la portée des droits en cause (liberté de religion et droit à l'égalité) pour régler tout conflit potentiel.  1, record 14, French, - droit%20%C3%A0%20l%27%C3%A9galit%C3%A9

Record 14,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 15,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In the case at bar, the Court must determine the standard of deference to be applied to the school board's decision, which had an impact on freedom of religion, the right to equality and the right to physical inviolability.  1, record 15, English, - standard%20of%20deference

Record 15,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 CONT

En l'espèce, la Cour doit décider de la norme de déférence applicable à l'égard de la décision de la Commission scolaire, qui met en cause le droit à la liberté de religion, le droit à l'égalité et le droit à l'intégrité physique.  1, record 15, French, - norme%20de%20d%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence

Record 15,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 16,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The complaint is based entirely on this constitutional freedom [freedom of religion]. The Court of Appeal therefore erred in applying the reasonableness standard to its constitutional analysis.  1, record 16, English, - constitutional%20freedom

Record 16,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La plainte repose entièrement sur cette liberté constitutionnelle [liberté de religion]. Par conséquent, la Cour d'appel a commis une erreur en appliquant la norme de la décision raisonnable à son analyse constitutionnelle.  1, record 16, French, - libert%C3%A9%20constitutionnelle

Record 16,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 17,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... I am of the view that an absolute prohibition against wearing a kirpan infringes the freedom of religion of the student in question...  1, record 17, English, - absolute%20prohibition

Record 17,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[...] je suis d'avis que la prohibition absolue de porter le kirpan porte atteinte à la liberté de religion garantie à l'élève concerné [...]  1, record 17, French, - prohibition%20absolue

Record 17,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 18,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The council did not sufficiently consider either the right to freedom of religion or the proposed accommodation measure.  1, record 18, English, - right%20to%20freedom%20of%20religion

Record 18,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le conseil n'a examiné suffisamment ni le droit à la liberté de religion ni l'accommodement proposé.  1, record 18, French, - droit%20%C3%A0%20la%20libert%C3%A9%20de%20religion

Record 18,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 19,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The Attorney General of Quebec concedes that the prohibition against the appellant's son wearing his kirpan to school infringes the son's freedom of religion, but submits that, regardless of the conditions ordered by the Superior Court, the prohibition is a fair limit on freedom of religion, which is not an absolute right.  1, record 19, English, - fair%20limit

Record 19,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le procureur général du Québec reconnaît que l'interdiction faite au fils de l'appelant de porter son kirpan à l'école porte atteinte à la liberté de religion de celui-ci, mais prétend que l'interdiction du port du kirpan à l'école, qu'elle soit ou non assortie des modalités ordonnées par la Cour supérieure, est une juste limite à la liberté de religion, droit qui n'est pas absolu.  1, record 19, French, - juste%20limite

Record 19,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 20,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... it is generally thought along the two opposite concepts of positive liberty and negative liberty. The latter designates a negative condition in which an individual is protected from tyranny and the arbitrary exercise of authority, while the former implies the right to exercise civil rights, such as standing for officer.  4, record 20, English, - individual%20liberty

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Positive liberty ... refers to the ability to act to fulfill one’s own potential, as opposed to negative liberty which refers to freedom from the interference of others in one’s affairs. Positive liberty is often described as freedom to achieve certain ends, while negative liberty is described as freedom from external coercion.  5, record 20, English, - individual%20liberty

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 3 CONT

... the existence of values and institutions derived from religion and morality, which restrain the individual and provide a balance between individual freedom and individual responsibility.  1, record 20, English, - individual%20liberty

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 OBS

"freedom" ... in a positive way, it refers to the autonomy and spontaneity of a rational subject, by describing what constitutes deliberate human behavior.  6, record 20, English, - individual%20liberty

Record 20,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[...] sûreté garantissant les personnes qui résulte de ce que nul ne peut être arrêté ni incarcéré que dans les cas prévus par la loi et suivant des formes prescrites d'avance et du droit pour chacun de n'être jamais traduit devant d'autres juges que ses juges naturels, désignés par la loi [...]  3, record 20, French, - libert%C3%A9%20individuelle

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Liberté individuelle, liberté physique, ensemble des garanties contre les arrestations, les détentions et pénalités arbitraires.  4, record 20, French, - libert%C3%A9%20individuelle

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Pour définir la liberté, certains ont proposé liberté positive et liberté négative. La liberté négative est l'absence de coercition, la liberté positive est la possibilité de faire ce que l'on veut. La liberté positive n'existe que dans l'esprit de ceux qui prétendent savoir ce que l'être humain veut, ou devrait vouloir.  2, record 20, French, - libert%C3%A9%20individuelle

Record 20,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 21,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Also known as: Humanist Association of British Columbia.  3, record 21, English, - British%20Columbia%20Humanist%20Association

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 2 OBS

The BCHA is a non-profit association that is part of an international philosophical movement committed to the following principles; secular ethics, freedom of choice, pluralism, democracy, free inquiry, separation of church and state, concern for others, personal responsibility and freedom from religion.  4, record 21, English, - British%20Columbia%20Humanist%20Association

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 3 OBS

Titles and abbreviation confirmed by the association.  5, record 21, English, - British%20Columbia%20Humanist%20Association

Record 21,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Appellations et abréviation confirmées par l'organisme.  4, record 21, French, - British%20Columbia%20Humanist%20Association

Record 21,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 22,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Provide for civil and political liberties, for example, the right to freedom of speech, freedom to vote and freedom to choose and practice ones own religion.  2, record 22, English, - first%20generation%20human%20rights

Record 22,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 OBS

La première génération de droits comprend les libertés fondamentales, comme la liberté de pensée et d'opinion, et les droits civils et politiques, tels le droit de vote et le droit à la sécurité de sa personne, d'où découlent notamment les garanties se rapportant au processus pénal, comme le droit à l'assistance d'un avocat.  2, record 22, French, - droits%20de%20premi%C3%A8re%20g%C3%A9n%C3%A9ration

Record 22,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Constituidos por los derechos civiles y políticos; entre ellos, el derecho a la vida, a la libertad y a la seguridad; el derecho a la protección contra la tortura, las penas y tratos crueles, inhumanos o degradantes.  2, record 22, Spanish, - derechos%20humanos%20de%20primera%20generaci%C3%B3n

Record 23,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 OBS

International P. E. N. the worldwide association of writers, exists to promote friendship and intellectual co-operation among writers everywhere, regardless of their political or other views; to fight for freedom of expression and to defend vigorously writers suffering from oppressive regimes. PEN is strictly non-political, a Non Governmental Organization with Category A status at UNESCO. It is composed of Centres, each of which represents its membership and not its country. Membership is open to all qualified writers, regardless of nationality, language, race, colour or religion, and every member is required to sign the P. E. N. Charter and by so doing to observe its conditions.  2, record 23, English, - International%20PEN

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 2 OBS

PEN le sigle est de Catharine Amy Dawson Scott: les trois initiales des différents métiers de l’écriture forment en anglais le mot plume; P=Poets, Playrighters; E=Essayists, Editors; N=Novelists, Non-fiction authors.  3, record 23, English, - International%20PEN

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 3 OBS

Title reproduced from the document "United Nations and Related Bodies, Specialized Agencies of the United Nations System, Intergovernmental Organizations, International Non-Governmental Organizations, Networks, Systems, Foundations and Similar Institutions", with the authorization of UNESCO.  3, record 23, English, - International%20PEN

Record 23,  Textual support,  French

Record 23,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 24,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Brahmanism, the predominant religion in India during the Buddha's time, divided all humans into four castes(attuvanna), priests, warriors, traders and labourers. Social contact between each caste was minimal and the lower one's position in the system the less opportunities, the less freedom and the less rights one had. Outside the caste system were the outcasts(sudra) people considered so impure that they hardly counted as humans.  1, record 24, English, - caste%20system

Record 24,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 DEF

(...) hiérarchie de groupes endogames, dont les membres ont une profession délimitée, et qui appartiennent héréditairement à la caste.  1, record 24, French, - syst%C3%A8me%20de%20castes

Record 24,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 25,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 CONT

One of the first example of international recognition of human rights and protection occurred in the "minorities treaties" concluded after the First World War... which guaranteed life, liberty and freedom of religion to all inhabitants of the territories concerned.  1, record 25, English, - minority%20treaty

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The Peace Treaties of 1947 abandoned the special minorities privileges of the earlier treaties and dealt only with discrimination. The treatment of minorities as groups, entitled to separate traditional institutions has been abandoned in favour of the principle of basic equality for all human beings in a given country.  2, record 25, English, - minority%20treaty

Record 25,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les traités de minorités visaient essentiellement (...) à protéger les personnes appartenant aux groupes minoritaires et dans cette mesure ils faisaient bien des minoritaires des sujets distincts du droit des gens.  1, record 25, French, - trait%C3%A9%20de%20minorit%C3%A9s

Record 25,  Textual support,  Spanish