TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Economic liberalism is a philosophy and programme of collective action that favours individual autonomy and responsibility(civil, economic, political freedom) as an end in its own right. It advocates the largest possible use of private property and competition as a means to coordinate autonomous human actions. While not denying a role for the state, liberalism rejects most types of coercion and interference in economic life by governments and interest groups.  2, record 1, English, - liberalism

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le libéralisme est [...] défini comme la quête des principes d'une société juste, donc ouverte, en laquelle la légitimité prime sur la tradition, la visée du juste sur la visée de la vie bonne, en laquelle tiennent ensemble l'affirmation de la rationalité pratique (l'universel) et la reconnaissance de la pluralité axiologique (le particulier).  2, record 1, French, - lib%C3%A9ralisme

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Sistema político favorable a la libertad política en los Estados Unidos.  1, record 1, Spanish, - liberalismo

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[State] that possesses freedom to direct and control its foreign relations without restraint from other States.  4, record 2, English, - sovereign%20state

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In a practical sense, sovereignty is also largely a matter of degree. Some States enjoy more power and independence than other States. This leads to the familiar distinction between independent or sovereign States, and non-independent or non-sovereign States or entities, for example, Protectorates and colonies. Even here it is difficult to draw the line, for although a State may have accepted important restrictions on its liberty of action, on other respects it may enjoy the widest possible freedom. "Sovereignty" is therefore a term of art rather than a legal expression capable of precise definition.  5, record 2, English, - sovereign%20state

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Une évolution significative s'est produite toutefois, à laquelle les arguments des adversaires de la souveraineté n'étaient pas étrangers. Tout en reconnaissant celle-ci, la tendance constante du droit contemporain est en outre de l'assimiler à l'indépendance de l'État. Les deux termes souveraineté et indépendance sont désormais, soit accouplés, soit considérés comme synonymes et interchangeables. Dans l'affaire de l'île Palmas, l'arbitre Max Huber déclare expressément : «La souveraineté dans les relations entre États signifie son indépendance». Dans son arrêt rendu dans l'affaire du Lotus, la C.P.J.I. [Cour perm. de Justice int.] confond aussi visiblement «État indépendant» et «État souverain» [...]. De nombreux auteurs préfèrent même s'en tenir à l'indépendance, terme moins ambigu que celui de souveraineté parce qu'il n'évoque pas d'emblée l'idée d'omnipotence.  2, record 2, French, - %C3%89tat%20souverain

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Exclusive competence of the State may mean the scope of the internal as well as of the external freedom of action of a State, unlimited by international law. Domestic jurisdiction only refers to the exclusive internal competence of the highest legislative, judicial, and administrative(executive) authorities of the State. In practice, however, the "exclusive competence" is understood and interpreted in the sense of the domestic jurisdiction, i. e., as the exclusive competence in internal matters.  3, record 3, English, - exclusive%20jurisdiction

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... Switzerland’s status or permanent neutrality remains a fundamental principle of international law.  2, record 4, English, - perpetual%20neutrality

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 2 CONT

A State under perpetual neutrality has its freedom of external action limited by its special international status... In the case of a perpetually neutral State, the State is not authorized to become a party to international agreements connected with military purposes; it may not take part in any military alliances, or in the politics connected with these alliances.  1, record 4, English, - perpetual%20neutrality

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

neutralité perpétuelle : condition juridique et politique d'un État dont le statut international prescrit qu'il doit rester toujours en dehors de tout conflit armé.  1, record 4, French, - neutralit%C3%A9%20permanente

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La neutralité permanente est réalisée au moyen d'une convention internationale qui impose à un État donné l'obligation de ne jamais faire la guerre ou y prendre part, et aux autres signataires le devoir de garantir ou au moins de respecter cette condition juridique spéciale.  1, record 4, French, - neutralit%C3%A9%20permanente

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

What is at issue in this section is(...), whether, or to what extent, a cessionary State is bound under international law to keep in force the legislation enacted, and the administrative machinery set up, by its predecessor.(...) The cessionary State is in principle fully competent immediately, at least after the actual transfer of government, to extend its own legislation and the functioning of its own administrative machinery to the territory acquired and to its population. It may, however, for example for political reasons, temporarily refrain from doing so, or on the other hand be limited in its freedom of action in this respect by a specific treaty stipulation.  1, record 5, English, - cessionary%20state

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Dans l'opération dite: cession de territoire (...) le rôle de l'État cessionnaire est d'établir sa souveraineté sur le territoire considéré, lequel est, dans l'usage courant, qualifié de territoire cédé. - "... la notion technique propre de cession de territoire (...) correspond exactement au sens qu'attribue à ces mots le droit international public. La doctrine moderne décompose, en effet, ordinairement l'opération de la cession en deux actes successifs: l'abandon par l'État cédant de sa compétence territoriale étant suivi de l'établissement de la sienne par l'État annexant ou cessionnaire."  1, record 5, French, - %C3%A9tat%20cessionnaire

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish