TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

If A leased land in 1970 to B for 20 years and in 1980 B... granted to D a term of nine years, or even 10 years less one day, D would take a sub-lease. In that case D would hold of B, who would continue to hold of A, although only D would be entitled to present possession of the land. In such circumstances A, if he owns the fee simple, is said to hold the "freehold reversion" while B holds a "leasehold reversion, "although it is, in this case, only of one day's duration. [Yates and Hawkins, p. 26].  1, record 1, English, - freehold%20reversion

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

réversion de propriétaire franc : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 1, French, - r%C3%A9version%20de%20propri%C3%A9taire%20franc

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The student will find sometimes the language of possession, sometimes that of ownership. He will find both the expressions "freehold owner" and "freehold tenant. "He will read both that a freeholder owns the land and that he holds it as tenant.... Theoretically, the language of possession is more correct.... [Harwood, 1975, p. 7].  1, record 2, English, - freehold%20tenant

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

tenant franc; titulaire de domaine franc : termes normalisés par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 2, French, - tenant%20franc

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A freehold estate for the life of the grantee or some other person. (Ballentine, p. 500)  1, record 3, English, - estate%20of%20mere%20freehold

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Estates of mere freehold(are) those estates which, though entitling the tenant to seisin of the land when they vested in possession and so being estates of freehold, did not descend to the heir on intestacy. The chief ones were life estates and estates "pur autre vie. "[Hargreaves, 4th ed., 1963, p. 81].  1, record 3, English, - estate%20of%20mere%20freehold

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

domaine franc non héréditaire : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 3, French, - domaine%20franc%20non%20h%C3%A9r%C3%A9ditaire

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

If the benefit of a covenant has not been annexed, but is otherwise capable of running with the dominant land, a purchaser of the dominant land may still be entitled to enforce it if, in conjunction with the conveyance, the grantee also receives an express assignment of the benefit of the covenant. [Ontario Law Reform Commission, "Report on Covenants affecting Freehold Land. "1989, p. 38].  1, record 4, English, - express%20assignment

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

cession expresse : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 4, French, - cession%20expresse

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Those interests in land designated as "real property" are also referred to as "freehold interests. "When any such freehold interest is or may become possessory it is a "freehold estate. "["Restatement of the Law of Property, "p. 22].  1, record 5, English, - freehold%20interest

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Freehold... is applied to interests in land in two senses, either to denote the quality of an estate, or to denote the tenure by which the land is held.(Jowitt's, 2nd ed., 1977, p. 834)  1, record 5, English, - freehold%20interest

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

intérêt franc : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 5, French, - int%C3%A9r%C3%AAt%20franc

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

All property other than freehold land.  3, record 6, English, - goods%20and%20chattels

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

[...] à l'occasion de la normalisation du Droit des biens, le gouvernement fédéral a choisi de laisser les gouvernements provinciaux établir la terminologie en ce domaine de droit privé qui relève de la compétence législative des provinces. Aussi, dans les Lois révisées du Canada de 1985, on retrouve par ex. dans la version française «biens meubles» et «biens immeubles» pour rendre «personal property» et «real property» et non les expressions normalisées «biens personnels» et «biens réels».  3, record 6, French, - biens%20meubles

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

As all land is considered to be the subject of tenure and not of absolute ownership, estates in freehold are spoken of as freehold tenancies.... Estates less than freehold(chattels real) are usually spoken of as leasehold tenancies. These are tenancies for a term of years, periodic tenancies, such as tenancies from year to year, often called yearly tenancies, and quarterly, monthly, or weekly tenancies.(Williams & Rhodes, 5th ed., 1983, p. 1-1).  1, record 7, English, - leasehold%20tenancy

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS

tenance à bail; propriété à bail : termes normalisés par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 7, French, - tenance%20%C3%A0%20bail

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 8,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Leasehold ownership exists where one person(the tenant or lessee) is given :(a) exclusive possession of land by another(the landlord or lessor),(b) with the intention that he should hold it as a tenant and not in some other capacity,(c) for a determinate period of time less than that held by the landlord himself.(T) he tenure of the leaseholder is still of vital importance. It is this relationship, represented in the terms of the lease or tenancy agreement, which determines the continuing rights and obligations of the parties. Although it is still common, and correct, for lawyers to talk of freehold tenants, tenants in fee simple, etc., the layman normally understands the word tenant to mean the leasehold tenant; and the expression "landlord and tenant" is invariably used even by lawyers to mean leasehold ownership.(Harwood, 1975, p. 81).  1, record 8, English, - leasehold%20ownership

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 OBS

propriété à bail : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 8, French, - propri%C3%A9t%C3%A9%20%C3%A0%20bail

Record 8,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 9,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

If A leased land in 1970 to B for 20 years and in 1980 B... granted to D a term of nine years, or even 10 years less one day, D would take a sub-lease. In that case D would hold of B, who should continue to hold of A, although only D would be entitled to present possession of the land. In such circumstances A, if he owns the fee simple, is said to hold the "freehold reversion" while B holds a "leasehold reversion", although it is, in this case, only of one day's duration.(Yates & Hawkins, 1981, p. 26)  1, record 9, English, - leasehold%20reversion

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 OBS

réversion de bailleur : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 9, French, - r%C3%A9version%20de%20bailleur

Record 9,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 10,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Land or real property which is held of another by any tenure. (Oxford, 1933).  1, record 10, English, - tenement

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The word "tenement" is not restricted to lands and other matters which are the subject of tenure. Everything in which a man can have an estate of freehold, and which is connected with land or savours of the realty, is a tenement. Thus the word includes not only land, as the corporeal subject formerly of inheritance, but also all rights which... would have been heritable issuing out of land, or concerning, or annexed to, or exercisable over, land, although they do not lie in tenure....(Halsbury, 4th ed., Vol. 39, p. 264).  1, record 10, English, - tenement

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Dans un emploi non proprement juridique le terme «tenement» peut aussi désigner une maison, un immeuble. Dans diverses expressions composées («riparian tenement», «dominant tenement», «ervient tenement» et «landlocked tenement»), le terme «tenement» est rendu par «fonds».  1, record 10, French, - t%C3%A8nement

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 2 OBS

tènement : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 10, French, - t%C3%A8nement

Record 10,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 11,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 OBS

As all land is considered to be the subject of tenure and not of absolute ownership, estates in freehold are spoken of as freehold tenancies. Freehold tenancies are tenancies in fee simple or fee tail, and tenancies for the life of the tenant or of some other person("pur autre vie").(Williams & Rhodes, 5th ed., 1983, p. 1-1).  1, record 11, English, - tenancy%20in%20fee%20simple

Record 11,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Acception de base, générique : vise le fait de «tenir» un bien (ou, plus exactement, un «domaine», etc., sur celui-ci), de même que la relation ainsi établie. Le terme peut faire référence indifféremment à une freehold tenancy (tenancy in fee simple, life tenancy, etc.), à une leasehold tenancy ou à l'une et l'autre à la fois. Un équivalent bâti avec le terme «propriété» a aussi été retenu pour les droits se rattachant à l'une des formes de freehold tenancy, etc.  1, record 11, French, - tenance%20en%20fief%20simple

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 2 OBS

tenance en fief simple; propriété en fief simple : termes normalisés par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 11, French, - tenance%20en%20fief%20simple

Record 11,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 12,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 OBS

A settlor might... attempt to create what was known as a "perpetual freehold" by giving the land "to X for life, remainder to his son for life, remainder to the son's son for life" and so on "ad infinitum", thus creating a series of life estates closely resembling an unbarrable entail....(T) he device of successive life interests was kept within bounds by the rule in "Whitby" v. "Mitchell". The rule against unbarrable entails and the rule against successive life interests were thus complementary to one another.(Megarry & Wade, 4th ed., 1975, p. 203).  1, record 12, English, - successive%20life%20interest

Record 12,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 OBS

intérêt viager successif : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 12, French, - int%C3%A9r%C3%AAt%20viager%20successif

Record 12,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 13,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The connecting link between tenure and the second important feudal concept, the doctrine of estates, was seisin. Seisin means possession, but it refers only to possession of an estate of freehold in land of freehold tenure. Thus, for example, a landlord will always have the seisin whereas the tenant under a lease is regarded as merely having possession.(Anger and Honsberger, 2nd ed., 1985, p. 25).  1, record 13, English, - seisin

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Seisin is opposed (1) to possession which, in its technical sense, is only applied to leaseholds and other personal property; and (2) to occupation, which signifies actual possession. (Jowitt’s, 2nd ed., 1977, p. 1627).  1, record 13, English, - seisin

Record 13,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 OBS

saisine : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 13, French, - saisine

Record 13,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 14,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A fifth method of conveying was the lease and release. The lease for a term of years, since it was not a freehold, was usually made by deed. In order to perfect his interest, the lessee did, however, have to enter on the land, for otherwise the deed gave him only an "interesse termini", or interest in the term. Once the tenant had gone into possession, he was capable of taking a release, that is, the landlord could release the reversion to him by deed and the two interests would merge so as to give the tenant the fee simple and the seisin.(Anger and Honsberger, 2nd, p. 34)  1, record 14, English, - release

Record 14,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 OBS

délaissement : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 14, French, - d%C3%A9laissement

Record 14,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 15,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Real estate is a technical term and is generally to be construed in its technical sense. It comprises all freehold(and formerly copyhold) lands, tenements and hereditaments, but not leasehold interests.... "Real estate" includes, also, any rights in land, such as a rentcharge, which admit of being limited in the same manner as freehold estates or interests.(39 Hals., 4th, p. 214)  1, record 15, English, - real%20property

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 2 CONT

As the common law developed, real property came to mean that form of property which could be specifically recovered by a real action if possession were lost. Only freeholdings of land were thus recoverable in the realty. (Crossley Vaines, 5th, p. 6)  1, record 15, English, - real%20property

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The terms "real property, ""realty" and "real estate" are quasi-synonyms. "Real property" and "real estate" serve for distinct technical classifications. Originally, the use of the term "property" itself was confined to cases where the right included possession. The term "real property, "as opposed to "personal property, "was used to denote land and things attached to land so as to become part of it, as well as rights in the land which endure for a life. The term "real estate, "as opposed to "personal estate, "comprised all freehold(and formerly copyhold) lands, tenements and hereditaments(except leasehold interests) that a person owned, and also included any rights in land which could be limited in the same manner as freehold estates or interests. In modern usage, all three terms refer to the same object, comprising corporeal and incorporeal hereditaments.  2, record 15, English, - real%20property

Record 15,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 OBS

biens réels : terme de classification; sens collectif.  2, record 15, French, - biens%20r%C3%A9els

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 2 OBS

biens réels : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 15, French, - biens%20r%C3%A9els

Record 15,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 16,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 DEF

All objects and rights which are capable of ownership except freehold estates in land and incorporeal hereditaments issuing thereout, or exercisable within the same.(Ballentine, p. 942)  3, record 16, English, - personal%20property

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The terms "personal property, ""personalty" and "personal estate" are quasi-synonyms. Although the terms "personal property"(or "personalty") and "personal estate" refer to the same concept, they serve for distinct technical classifications. "Personal property" and "personalty, "as opposed to "real property" and "realty, "refer to all forms of property other than freehold estates and interests in land and its appurtenances, for which no action layed to compel restitution from a wrongful taker, but only a personal action for damages. As to the term "estate, "it denotes all property that a person owns, divided into "real estate" and "personal estate, "which originally included goods and chattels of a personal kind.  4, record 16, English, - personal%20property

Record 16,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 OBS

biens personnels : terme de classification; sens collectif.  2, record 16, French, - biens%20personnels

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 2 OBS

biens personnels : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation, Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 16, French, - biens%20personnels

Record 16,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 17,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Ornamental fixtures. Objects which have been fixed to the freehold by way of ornament or for domestic convenience and utility have from the earliest times been removable by the tenant provided that the lease does not provide to the contrary and provided that they are capable of being severed without irreparable injury to the land.(Halsbury, 4th ed., Vol. 27, p. 115).  1, record 17, English, - ornamental%20fixture

Record 17,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 OBS

accessoire fixe d'ornementation : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 17, French, - accessoire%20fixe%20d%27ornementation

Record 17,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 18,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 OBS

An enforceable option to purchase land confers on the grantee, Y, a right to call for a conveyance of the land from the grantor, X, provided that Y complies with all the terms of the option. Where X and Y are strangers between whom no other legal relationship exists, the option is commonly termed an option in gross.... An option may also be conferred on a tenant to purchase the freehold reversion. An option contained in a lease differs from an option in gross only in the respects that the grantor and the grantee stand in the relationship of landlord and tenant, and that the contract creating it is made part of the terms on which the lease is granted....(Barnsley, "Land Options", p. 2)  1, record 18, English, - option%20in%20gross

Record 18,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 OBS

option indépendante : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 18, French, - option%20ind%C3%A9pendante

Record 18,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 19,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Any estate of inheritance or for life, in either a corporeal or incorporeal hereditament, existing in, or arising from, real property of free tenure. (Ballentine, p. 499)  1, record 19, English, - estate%20of%20freehold

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Legal estates in land of freehold tenure were divisible with reference to their quantity, or the extreme limit of their duration, into estates of freehold or less than freehold.(Jowitt's, 2nd ed., 1977, p. 723)  1, record 19, English, - estate%20of%20freehold

Record 19,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 OBS

domaine franc : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 19, French, - domaine%20franc

Record 19,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 20,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 DEF

From mediaeval times the essential part of the feoffment by which a freehold interest in land was created or transferred. It consisted in putting the donee in possession of the land, evidenced by handing over some symbols thereof, and leaving the land vacant.(Oxford Companion to Law, 1980, p. 773)  1, record 20, English, - livery%20of%20seisin

Record 20,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 OBS

livrée de saisine : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 20, French, - livr%C3%A9e%20de%20saisine

Record 20,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 21,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The wide language of the "Statute of Wills" was held to override the rule that a freehold estate could not be created in a chattel interest in land. Consequently, it became possible to give a life interest in leasehold land by will, though not by conveyance "inter vivos".(Megarry & Wade, 4th ed., 1975, p. 161)  1, record 21, English, - leasehold%20land

Record 21,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 OBS

fonds à bail; terre à bail : termes normalisés par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 21, French, - fonds%20%C3%A0%20bail

Record 21,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 22,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 OBS

[Leasehold interest] generally referred to as a term of years, arises where land has been demised, i. e. leased, to a man for a definite number of years. It thus lacks the requirement of an uncertain duration, and though the period for which it is to last may be very great, as for instance 999 years, yet it is not a freehold estate, and in the eye of the law is a smaller interest than a life estate.(Cheshire's 12th ed., 1972, p. 38)  1, record 22, English, - leasehold%20interest

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 2 OBS

A freehold estate(a fee simple or a life estate) is an interest in land for an uncertain duration. All other interests are less than freehold, and include leasehold interests, such as an estate for years or an estate at will. Not all interests in land are estates.(Reilly, 2nd ed., 1982, p. 167)  1, record 22, English, - leasehold%20interest

Record 22,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 OBS

intérêt à bail : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 22, French, - int%C3%A9r%C3%AAt%20%C3%A0%20bail

Record 22,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 23,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A fifth method of conveying was the lease and release. The lease for a term of years, since it was not a freehold, was usually made by deed. In order to perfect his interest, the lessee did, however, have to enter on the land, for otherwise the deed gave him only an "interesse termini", or interest in the term. Once the tenant had gone into possession, he was capable of taking a release, that is, the landlord could release the reversion to him by deed and the two interests would merge so as to give the tenant the fee simple and the seisin.... In England the feoffment with livery as well as the other old forms of conveyance, the bargain and sale and the lease and release, have been abolished. The latter two forms of conveyance, provided they are by deed, are still possible in Canadian jurisdictions which have legislation similar to Ontario's, since that legislation only deals with feoffment by livery.(Anger & Honsberger, 2nd ed., 1985, pp. 34 et 96)  1, record 23, English, - lease%20and%20release

Record 23,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 OBS

bail-délaissement : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 23, French, - bail%2Dd%C3%A9laissement

Record 23,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 24,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 OBS

At common law, if land were granted or devised to two or more persons for the same estate, whether freehold or otherwise, without words indicating how they were to take, it was presumed that they took as joint tenants.(I) f the limitation were to them... for a term of years, they took as... joint lessees.(Anger & Honsberger, 2nd ed., 1985, p. 789).  1, record 24, English, - joint%20lessee

Record 24,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 OBS

preneur conjoint : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 24, French, - preneur%20conjoint

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Acception juridique stricte qui vise le preneur soumis au régime de tenance conjointe.  1, record 24, French, - preneur%20conjoint

Record 24,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 25,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 OBS

A freehold estate(a fee simple or a life estate) is an interest in land for an uncertain duration. All other interests are less than freehold, and include leasehold interests, such as an estate for years or an estate at will. Not all interests in land are estates.(Reilly, 2nd ed., 1982, p. 167).  1, record 25, English, - interest%20less%20than%20freehold

Record 25,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 OBS

intérêt non franc : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 25, French, - int%C3%A9r%C3%AAt%20non%20franc

Record 25,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 26,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The Statute of "Quia Emptores" abolished rent service arising upon a conveyance in fee simple, by prohibiting subinfeudations. A ground rent in its pure form is a rent reserved to himself and his heirs by the grantor of a freehold estate in land, out of the land itself. It is not granted like an annuity or a rent charge, but is reserved out of a conveyance of the land in fee. It is a separate and distinct estate in itself and is held to be real estate with the usual characteristics of an estate in fee simple. The holder of a ground rent proper has an estate in the land itself, for the ground rent is a rent service and the grantor has a reversion. The right of distress is an incident of ground rent proper.(Cartwright, 1972, p. 805)  1, record 26, English, - ground%20rent

Record 26,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 OBS

rente-charge : qualifiant ce terme d'historique, le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO) n'a pas tenu à le normaliser.  2, record 26, French, - rente%2Dcharge

Record 26,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 27,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 CONT

"Chattels" means goods and chattels capable of complete transfer by delivery, and includes when separately assigned or charged, fixtures and growing crops; but does not include chattel interests in real property or fixtures when assigned together with a freehold or leasehold interest in any land or building to which they are affixed, or growing crops when assigned with any interest in the land on which they grow, or a ship or vessel registered under the laws of Canada or any share in such ship or vessel, or shares or interests in the stock, funds or securities of a government, or in the capital of a corporation, or book debts or other choses in action.(R. S. N. B., 1973, c. C-25, s. 1).  1, record 27, English, - goods%20and%20chattels

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 OBS

goods and chattels: term usually used in the plural.  2, record 27, English, - goods%20and%20chattels

Record 27,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 OBS

objets et chatels : termes habituellement utilisés au pluriel.  2, record 27, French, - objets%20et%20chatels

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 2 OBS

objets et chatels : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 27, French, - objets%20et%20chatels

Record 27,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 28,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Freehold in deed is the real possession of land or tenements in fee, fee tail, or for life.(Black's, 5th ed., 1979, p. 598)  1, record 28, English, - freehold%20in%20deed

Record 28,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 OBS

propriété franche de fait : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 28, French, - propri%C3%A9t%C3%A9%20franche%20de%20fait

Record 28,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 29,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The position reached by the common law was that estates of freehold represented real property law in the strict sense of that term, and as such were subject to all the consequences of feudal tenure; while on the other hand leaseholds(together with some other rights in land) were not so subject, and for this reason were neither affected by the incidents of feudalism, nor governed by the same legal rules as freeholds.(Cheshire's, 12th ed., p. 39).  1, record 29, English, - gavelkind

Record 29,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 OBS

gavelkind : qualifiant ce terme d'historique, le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO) n'a pas tenu à le normaliser.  2, record 29, French, - gavelkind

Record 29,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 30,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Leasehold condominiums are unique in that the developer does not own the land which is being developed as a condominium project. A "purchaser" of a unit acquires a unit lease and an undivided interest in the leasehold only.... This is in contrast to freehold condominiums in which the unit owners own their unit in fee simple and are tenants in common of the common elements.(Burns & McLellan, 1981, p. 4).  1, record 30, English, - freehold%20condominium

Record 30,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 OBS

condominium franc : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 30, French, - condominium%20franc

Record 30,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 31,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Leases in early times had the important advantage that since they were personalty they could be devised, while wills of freehold land were not allowed before 1540.(Megarry & Wade, 4th ed., 1975, p. 44)  1, record 31, English, - freehold%20land

Record 31,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 OBS

fonds franc; terre franche : termes normalisés par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 31, French, - fonds%20franc

Record 31,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 32,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 OBS

As all land is considered to be the subject of tenure and not of absolute ownership, estates in freehold are spoken of as freehold tenancies. Freehold tenancies are tenancies in fee simple or fee tail, and tenancies for the life of the tenant or of some other person(pur autre vie).(Williams & Rhodes, 6th, p. 1-1)  1, record 32, English, - freehold%20tenancy

Record 32,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 OBS

tenance franche; propriété franche : termes normalisés par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 32, French, - tenance%20franche

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Acception de base, générique : vise le fait de «tenir» un bien (ou, plus exactement, un «domaine» sur celui-ci), de même que la relation ainsi établie. Le terme peut faire référence indifféremment à une «freehold tenancy» («tenancy in fee simple», «life tenancy», etc.) ou à une «leasehold tenancy» ou à l'une et l'autre à la fois. Un équivalent bâti avec le terme «propriété» a aussi été retenu pour les droits se rattachant à l'une des formes de «freehold tenancy», etc.  1, record 32, French, - tenance%20franche

Record 32,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 33,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The position reached by the common law was that estates of freehold represented real property law in the strict sense of that term, and as such were subject to all the consequences of feudal tenure; while on the other hand leaseholds(together with some other rights in land) were not so subject, and for this reason were neither affected by the incidents of feudalism, nor governed by the same legal rules as freeholds.(Cheshire's, 12th ed., p. 39).  1, record 33, English, - feudal%20tenure

Record 33,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 OBS

tenure féodale : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 33, French, - tenure%20f%C3%A9odale

Record 33,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 34,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 DEF

(T) he person to whom a freehold estate in land is conveyed by feoffment....(Garner, 1987, p. 240)  1, record 34, English, - feoffee

Record 34,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 OBS

fieffé; fieffée : termes normalisés par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 34, French, - fieff%C3%A9

Record 34,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 35,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 CONT

An estate in fee simple is the greatest interest and property in land the law allows. It is a freehold estate of inheritance.(Cartwright, 1972, p. 328).  1, record 35, English, - estate%20in%20fee%20simple

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The estate in fee simple is of uncertain duration, a characteristic of all freehold estates. It comes to an end on the death of the owner intestate and without heirs, when it escheats to the Crown. (Anger and Honsberger, 2nd ed., 1985, p. 99).  1, record 35, English, - estate%20in%20fee%20simple

Record 35,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 OBS

domaine en fief simple; fief simple : termes normalisés par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 35, French, - domaine%20en%20fief%20simple

Record 35,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 36,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Entails could exist in freehold land either as legal estates or equitably under a trust, according to whether the grant was direct or whether the legal estate was first put in trustees to hold for an equitable entailed interest in the beneficiaries.(Crossley Vaines, 5th ed., 1973, p. 33).  1, record 36, English, - equitable%20entailed%20interest

Record 36,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 OBS

intérêt taillé en equity : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 36, French, - int%C3%A9r%C3%AAt%20taill%C3%A9%20en%20equity

Record 36,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 37,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 CONT

At common law, a tenant "pur autre vie" could not devise his estate by will and... it could not pass to his heirs by descent. On his death, however, the land did not revert to the grantor... and it did not escheat.... By reason of the rule that the freehold must never be vacant, the estate was completed by means of the doctrine of occupancy. If no one was entitled to enter into occupancy, any person who did enter into possession could hold the land during the life of the "cestui que vie" by right of occupancy....(Anger & Honsberger, 2nd ed., 1985, p. 156).  1, record 37, English, - doctrine%20of%20occupancy

Record 37,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 OBS

doctrine de l'occupation : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 37, French, - doctrine%20de%20l%27occupation

Record 37,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 38,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The wrongful putting out of him who is actually seised of a freehold; the act of wrongfully depriving a person of the seisin of land, rents, or other hereditaments, as where a man not having a right of entry on certain lands or tenements enters on them and ousts him who has the freehold or does not permit the possessor to enjoy, or makes his enjoyment less beneficial, although he does not expel him altogether....(Jowitt's, 2nd ed., 1977, p. 627).  1, record 38, English, - disseisin

Record 38,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 1 OBS

dessaisine : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  1, record 38, French, - dessaisine

Record 38,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 39,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A conveyance of the freehold of land at common law(e. g. by feoffment) could not be defeated by a defeasance unless it was executed at the same time as the conveyance; and in this manner mortgages were in former times usually made, the mortgagor enfeoffing the mortgagee, and he at the same time executing a deed of defeasance, whereby the feoffment was rendered void on repayment of the borrowed money at a certain day.(Jowitt's, p. 579)  1, record 39, English, - deed%20of%20defeasance

Record 39,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Le second équivalent «acte d'anéantissement» est la forme elliptique du premier «acte formaliste d'anéantissement». Il ne s'emploie que lorsque la référence à la spécificité juridique du «deed» n'est pas en cause ou lorsque cette spécificité ressort d'une autre manière du contexte d'emploi.  1, record 39, French, - acte%20formaliste%20d%27an%C3%A9antissement

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 2 OBS

acte formaliste d'anéantissement; acte d'anéantissement : termes normalisés par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 39, French, - acte%20formaliste%20d%27an%C3%A9antissement

Record 39,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 40,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The rule at common law was that a freehold estate of inheritance could be created in a conveyance "inter vivos"(i. e., a transfer of land between living persons) only by a phrase which included the word "heirs". In no other way could a fee simple or fee tail be created.(Megarry and Wade, p. 51)  1, record 40, English, - conveyance%20inter%20vivos

Record 40,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 1 OBS

transport entre vifs : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 40, French, - transport%20entre%20vifs

Record 40,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 41,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 41, Textual support number: 1 CONT

"Conveyance" is a broad term. Its modern meaning imports an act intended to create in law one or more property interests. Such interest or interests may be created by an instrument called a "deed. "The deed has its roots in ancient law, but in modern times, when one speaks of a deed in connection with a real estate transaction, the deed of conveyance is usually intended, drawn to convey, or transfer, a freehold estate in land.  7, record 41, English, - conveyance

Record number: 41, Textual support number: 1 OBS

conveyance: Acceptation metonymic.  8, record 41, English, - conveyance

Record 41,  Textual support,  French

Record 41,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 41, Textual support number: 1 OBS

acto traslativo; acto translaticio: Términos reproducidos de Law Terminology con la autorización de la Oficina de las Naciones Unidas en Ginebra.  2, record 41, Spanish, - acto%20traslativo

Record 42,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 42, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Estates(less than freehold) notwithstanding the immovability of the subject-matter, are ranged under the classification of personalty; but, by reason of their connection with land, they are said to "savour of the realty. "They are therefore often spoken of as chattel interests in land....(Goodeve, 5th ed., 1906, p. 153)  1, record 42, English, - chattel%20interest

Record 42,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 42, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Terme qui désigne tout intérêt classé dans la catégorie des biens personnels, peu importe la nature de l'objet de cet intérêt  1, record 42, French, - int%C3%A9r%C3%AAt%2Dchatel

Record number: 42, Textual support number: 2 OBS

intérêt-chatel : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 42, French, - int%C3%A9r%C3%AAt%2Dchatel

Record 42,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 43,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 43, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Any kind of sustenance, particularly wood, a reasonable amount of which any tenant for years or for life of freehold may by common right take from the land for fuel or repairs.(The Oxford Companion to Law, 1980, p. 433).  1, record 43, English, - bote

Record 43,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 43, Textual support number: 1 OBS

bois d'affouage; estouviers : termes normalisés par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 43, French, - bois%20d%27affouage

Record 43,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 44,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 44, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Common of pasture appendant is the right which every freehold tenant of a manor possesses to feed his commonable beasts, such as litter, plough, or manure the arable land granted(i. e., horses, cattle and sheep) upon the lord's waste, provided they are "levant" and "couchant" on the tenant's freehold land.... The right of common appendant cannot be created since the statute "Quia Emptores", 1289, that statute having prohibited the creation of new manors; and the land to which such a right is appendant must originally have been arable.(Jowitt's, 2nd ed., 1977, p. 387)  2, record 44, English, - common%20of%20pasture%20appendant

Record 44,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 44, Textual support number: 1 OBS

communage de pâture annexe : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 44, French, - communage%20de%20p%C3%A2ture%20annexe

Record 44,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 45,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 45, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Chief rent... was a rent service reserved on the subinfeudation of freehold land in fee simple. The "Statute Quia Emptores", 1290, for the most part prevented such rents being created. Those previously created mostly fell into abeyance long ago, but some survived in manors where there were freehold tenants. Any manorial chief rents existing in 1925 were extinguished by the end of 1935.(Megarry & Wade, 4th ed., 1975, p. 800)  1, record 45, English, - chief%20rent

Record 45,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 45, Textual support number: 1 OBS

rente principale : qualifiant ce terme d'historique, le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO) n'a pas tenu à le normaliser.  2, record 45, French, - rente%20principale

Record 45,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 46,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 46, Textual support number: 1 CONT

No abeyance of freehold. Limitations of land operating at common law were subject to the rule that there must always be a tenant of the freehold; in other words, the freehold must never be in abeyance. Consequently, an estate of freehold could not at common law be limited to commence in the future save by way of remainder after a particular estate, and a remainder could not be limited so as to vest in possession at a date later than the determination of the preceding estate.(Halsbury, 4th ed., Vol. 39, p. 327).  1, record 46, English, - abeyance%20of%20freehold

Record 46,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 46, Textual support number: 1 OBS

vacance de tenure franche : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 46, French, - vacance%20de%20tenure%20franche

Record 46,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 47,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 47, Textual support number: 1 DEF

to go in upon lands as a formal act....  2, record 47, English, - enter

Record number: 47, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A fifth method of conveying was the lease and release. The lease for a term of years, since it was not a freehold, was usually made by deed. In order to perfect his interest, the lessee did, however, have to enter on the land, for otherwise the deed gave him only an interesse termini, or interest in the term.  3, record 47, English, - enter

Record 47,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 47, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Extrait du vocabulaire bilingue de la Common law - Droit des biens - (Terminologie française normalisée dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles).  2, record 47, French, - entrer

Record number: 47, Textual support number: 2 OBS

A distinguer de : re-enter  2, record 47, French, - entrer

Record number: 47, Textual support number: 3 OBS

Terme qui présente un complément d'information utile ou un apparentement avec le terme en vedette : entry  2, record 47, French, - entrer

Record number: 47, Textual support number: 4 OBS

Acception stricte en droit des biens  2, record 47, French, - entrer

Record 47,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 48,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 48, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The question whether the benefit of a covenant has been annexed so as to run with the dominant land is one of intention, dependent upon the construction of the instrument, the nature of the covenant, and the surrounding circumstances.(Ontario Law Reform Commission, Report on Covenants affecting Freehold Land, 1989, p. 34)  2, record 48, English, - annex

Record 48,  Textual support,  French

Record 48,  Textual support,  Spanish