TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

If the benefit of a covenant has not been annexed, but is otherwise capable of running with the dominant land, a purchaser of the dominant land may still be entitled to enforce it if, in conjunction with the conveyance, the grantee also receives an express assignment of the benefit of the covenant. [Ontario Law Reform Commission, "Report on Covenants affecting Freehold Land. "1989, p. 38].  1, record 1, English, - express%20assignment

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

cession expresse : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 1, French, - cession%20expresse

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Those interests in land designated as "real property" are also referred to as "freehold interests. "When any such freehold interest is or may become possessory it is a "freehold estate. "["Restatement of the Law of Property, "p. 22].  1, record 2, English, - freehold%20interest

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Freehold ... is applied to interests in land in two senses, either to denote the quality of an estate, or to denote the tenure by which the land is held. (Jowitt’s, 2nd ed., 1977, p. 834)  1, record 2, English, - freehold%20interest

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

intérêt franc : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 2, French, - int%C3%A9r%C3%AAt%20franc

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A reversion may be created by the owner of any estate, and the reversionary interest will be the same estate that the transferor held....(W) here a life tenant grants an estate for years, he will have a reversion for life, and this is so even though the lease be for a long term, such as 999 years, for in the eyes of the law a lease is a lesser estate than a freehold.(Anger & Honsberger, 2nd ed., 1985, p. 376)  1, record 3, English, - reversion%20for%20life

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

réversion viagère : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 3, French, - r%C3%A9version%20viag%C3%A8re

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A future estate in real property created by operation of law when a grantor conveys a lesser estate than he or she has. The residue left in the grantor is called a reversion which commences in possession in the future upon the end of a particular estate granted or devised, whether it be freehold or less than freehold.(Reilly, 1977, p. 374).  1, record 4, English, - reversion

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 2 CONT

A reversion means properly the residue of an estate left in the grantor to commence in possession after the determination of some particular estate granted by him. But it is frequently, though improperly, used so as to include any future estate, whether in reversion or remainder. (Mozledy and Whiteley, 10th, p. 418)  1, record 4, English, - reversion

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Le terme «reversion» et son équivalent français désignent à la fois la «réversion» en tant que droit et le mécanisme de la réversion.  1, record 4, French, - r%C3%A9version

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 2 OBS

réversion : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 4, French, - r%C3%A9version

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

From mediaeval times the essential part of the feoffment by which a freehold interest in land was created or transferred. It consisted in putting the donee in possession of the land, evidenced by handing over some symbols thereof, and leaving the land vacant.(Oxford Companion to Law, 1980, p. 773)  1, record 5, English, - livery%20of%20seisin

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

livrée de saisine : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 5, French, - livr%C3%A9e%20de%20saisine

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

[Leasehold interest] generally referred to as a term of years, arises where land has been demised, i. e. leased, to a man for a definite number of years. It thus lacks the requirement of an uncertain duration, and though the period for which it is to last may be very great, as for instance 999 years, yet it is not a freehold estate, and in the eye of the law is a smaller interest than a life estate.(Cheshire's 12th ed., 1972, p. 38)  1, record 6, English, - leasehold%20interest

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 2 OBS

A freehold estate (a fee simple or a life estate) is an interest in land for an uncertain duration. All other interests are less than freehold, and include leasehold interests, such as an estate for years or an estate at will. Not all interests in land are estates. (Reilly, 2nd ed., 1982, p. 167)  1, record 6, English, - leasehold%20interest

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

intérêt à bail : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 6, French, - int%C3%A9r%C3%AAt%20%C3%A0%20bail

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS

(T) he true criterion of an irremovable fixture consists in the united application of several tests : 1st. Real or constructive annexation of the article in question to the realty; 2nd. Appropriation or adaptation to the use or purpose of that part of the realty with which it is connected; 3rd. The intention of the party making the annexation to make the article a permanent accession to the freehold, this intention being inferred from the nature of the article affixed, the relation and situation of the party making the annexation, and the policy of the law in relation thereto, the structure and mode of the annexation and the purpose or use for which the annexation was made. Of these three tests, the clear tendency of modern authority seems to give pre-eminence to the question of intention to make the article a permanent accession to the freehold, and the others seem to derive their chief value as evidence of such intention.(Reiter, Risk & McLellan, 2nd ed., 1982, pp. 131-2)  1, record 7, English, - irremovable%20fixture

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS

accessoire fixe inenlevable : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 7, French, - accessoire%20fixe%20inenlevable

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 8,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 OBS

At common law, if land were granted or devised to two or more persons for the same estate, whether freehold or otherwise, without words indicating how they were to take, it was presumed that they took as joint tenants.(I) f the limitation were to them... for a term of years, they took as... joint lessees.(Anger & Honsberger, 2nd ed., 1985, p. 789).  1, record 8, English, - joint%20lessee

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 OBS

preneur conjoint : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 8, French, - preneur%20conjoint

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Acception juridique stricte qui vise le preneur soumis au régime de tenance conjointe.  1, record 8, French, - preneur%20conjoint

Record 8,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 9,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The position reached by the common law was that estates of freehold represented real property law in the strict sense of that term, and as such were subject to all the consequences of feudal tenure; while on the other hand leaseholds(together with some other rights in land) were not so subject, and for this reason were neither affected by the incidents of feudalism, nor governed by the same legal rules as freeholds.(Cheshire's, 12th ed., p. 39).  1, record 9, English, - gavelkind

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 OBS

gavelkind : qualifiant ce terme d'historique, le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO) n'a pas tenu à le normaliser.  2, record 9, French, - gavelkind

Record 9,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 10,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 OBS

It is a fact that free and common socage has been and is the only freehold tenure operative in the common law provinces.(Laskin, Revised Edition, 1964, p. 26).  1, record 10, English, - free%20and%20common%20socage

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 OBS

franc et commun socage : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 10, French, - franc%20et%20commun%20socage

Record 10,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 11,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The position reached by the common law was that estates of freehold represented real property law in the strict sense of that term, and as such were subject to all the consequences of feudal tenure; while on the other hand leaseholds(together with some other rights in land) were not so subject, and for this reason were neither affected by the incidents of feudalism, nor governed by the same legal rules as freeholds.(Cheshire's, 12th ed., p. 39).  1, record 11, English, - feudal%20tenure

Record 11,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 OBS

tenure féodale : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 11, French, - tenure%20f%C3%A9odale

Record 11,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 12,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

An estate in fee simple is the greatest interest and property in land the law allows. It is a freehold estate of inheritance.(Cartwright, 1972, p. 328).  1, record 12, English, - estate%20in%20fee%20simple

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The estate in fee simple is of uncertain duration, a characteristic of all freehold estates. It comes to an end on the death of the owner intestate and without heirs, when it escheats to the Crown. (Anger and Honsberger, 2nd ed., 1985, p. 99).  1, record 12, English, - estate%20in%20fee%20simple

Record 12,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 OBS

domaine en fief simple; fief simple : termes normalisés par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 12, French, - domaine%20en%20fief%20simple

Record 12,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 13,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 DEF

To create a feoffment, which was an early common law method of conveyancing freehold estate.(Yogis, p. 75)  1, record 13, English, - feoff

Record 13,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 OBS

fieffer : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 13, French, - fieffer

Record 13,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 14,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Dower at common law was the right of a wife on surviving her husband to an estate for her life in one-third of the freehold estates of inheritance of which her deceased husband was solely seised at any time during the marriage and which her issue by him might possibly have inherited.(Anger and Honsberger, 2nd, p. 175).  1, record 14, English, - dower

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The legal right or interest ... that a wife acquires in the property her husband held or acquired anytime during their marriage. During the husband’s life, the dower is an expectant, or inchoate, interest which does not actually become a legal estate (called consummate dower) until the husband’s death. (Reilly, 2nd, p. 146).  1, record 14, English, - dower

Record 14,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 OBS

douaire : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 14, French, - douaire

Record 14,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 15,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 CONT

At common law, a tenant "pur autre vie" could not devise his estate by will and... it could not pass to his heirs by descent. On his death, however, the land did not revert to the grantor... and it did not escheat.... By reason of the rule that the freehold must never be vacant, the estate was completed by means of the doctrine of occupancy. If no one was entitled to enter into occupancy, any person who did enter into possession could hold the land during the life of the "cestui que vie" by right of occupancy....(Anger & Honsberger, 2nd ed., 1985, p. 156).  1, record 15, English, - doctrine%20of%20occupancy

Record 15,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 OBS

doctrine de l'occupation : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 15, French, - doctrine%20de%20l%27occupation

Record 15,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 16,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A conveyance of the freehold of land at common law(e. g. by feoffment) could not be defeated by a defeasance unless it was executed at the same time as the conveyance; and in this manner mortgages were in former times usually made, the mortgagor enfeoffing the mortgagee, and he at the same time executing a deed of defeasance, whereby the feoffment was rendered void on repayment of the borrowed money at a certain day.(Jowitt's, p. 579)  1, record 16, English, - deed%20of%20defeasance

Record 16,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Le second équivalent «acte d'anéantissement» est la forme elliptique du premier «acte formaliste d'anéantissement». Il ne s'emploie que lorsque la référence à la spécificité juridique du «deed» n'est pas en cause ou lorsque cette spécificité ressort d'une autre manière du contexte d'emploi.  1, record 16, French, - acte%20formaliste%20d%27an%C3%A9antissement

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 2 OBS

acte formaliste d'anéantissement; acte d'anéantissement : termes normalisés par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 16, French, - acte%20formaliste%20d%27an%C3%A9antissement

Record 16,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 17,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The rule at common law was that a freehold estate of inheritance could be created in a conveyance "inter vivos"(i. e., a transfer of land between living persons) only by a phrase which included the word "heirs". In no other way could a fee simple or fee tail be created.(Megarry and Wade, p. 51)  1, record 17, English, - conveyance%20inter%20vivos

Record 17,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 OBS

transport entre vifs : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 17, French, - transport%20entre%20vifs

Record 17,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 18,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 CONT

"Conveyance" is a broad term. Its modern meaning imports an act intended to create in law one or more property interests. Such interest or interests may be created by an instrument called a "deed. "The deed has its roots in ancient law, but in modern times, when one speaks of a deed in connection with a real estate transaction, the deed of conveyance is usually intended, drawn to convey, or transfer, a freehold estate in land.  7, record 18, English, - conveyance

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 OBS

conveyance: Acceptation metonymic.  8, record 18, English, - conveyance

Record 18,  Textual support,  French

Record 18,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 OBS

acto traslativo; acto translaticio: Términos reproducidos de Law Terminology con la autorización de la Oficina de las Naciones Unidas en Ginebra.  2, record 18, Spanish, - acto%20traslativo

Record 19,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Any kind of sustenance, particularly wood, a reasonable amount of which any tenant for years or for life of freehold may by common right take from the land for fuel or repairs.(The Oxford Companion to Law, 1980, p. 433).  1, record 19, English, - bote

Record 19,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 OBS

bois d'affouage; estouviers : termes normalisés par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 19, French, - bois%20d%27affouage

Record 19,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 20,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 CONT

(A) n entry in law is a constructive or fictitious entry. Thus, where a man made a charter of feoffment, and delivered seisin within the view, and the feoffee dared not enter for fear of death, but claimed the same, this vested the freehold and inheritance in him.(Jowitt's, 2nd ed., 1977, p. 706)  1, record 20, English, - constructive%20entry

Record 20,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Acceptation stricte en droit des biens.  1, record 20, French, - entr%C3%A9e%20de%20droit

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 2 OBS

entrée de droit : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 20, French, - entr%C3%A9e%20de%20droit

Record 20,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 21,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Expectation or contemplation of law; the position of waiting for or being without a claimant or owner. (Oxford)  1, record 21, English, - abeyance

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 2 DEF

In the law of estates, the condition of a freehold when there is no person in being in whom it is vested. In such cases the freehold has been said to be "in nubibus"(in the clouds), "in pendenti"(in suspension) ;and "in gremio legis"(in the bosom of the law).(Black's, 5th ed., 1979, p. 6).  1, record 21, English, - abeyance

Record 21,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 OBS

vacance : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 21, French, - vacance

Record 21,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 22,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 CONT

No abeyance of freehold. Limitations of land operating at common law were subject to the rule that there must always be a tenant of the freehold; in other words, the freehold must never be in abeyance. Consequently, an estate of freehold could not at common law be limited to commence in the future save by way of remainder after a particular estate, and a remainder could not be limited so as to vest in possession at a date later than the determination of the preceding estate.(Halsbury, 4th ed., Vol. 39, p. 327).  1, record 22, English, - abeyance%20of%20freehold

Record 22,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 OBS

vacance de tenure franche : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 22, French, - vacance%20de%20tenure%20franche

Record 22,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 23,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The external or limiting lines of any object or space; as, to set bounds on a property. (Definitions of Surveying or Associated Terms, 1981, p. 22).  1, record 23, English, - bound

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 CONT

"Boundary lines" or "bounds" are defined as the legal and imaginary lines by which different parcels of land are divided. (Skelton, 1930, p. 179).  1, record 23, English, - bound

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 2 CONT

The term "boundary" has no special meaning in law, but is commonly used to denote the imaginary line which is the ascertainable limit of one person's freehold or leasehold property. A boundary may also be the physical feature by which that limit is marked, e. g., a hedge, a wall, a bank or a stream.(Powell-Smith, p. 1)  1, record 23, English, - bound

Record 23,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Le terme «frontière», qui désigne en géographie politique la limite séparant deux États voisins, ne s'emploie pas pour désigner les limites de terrains contigus.  1, record 23, French, - limite

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 2 OBS

limite : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 23, French, - limite

Record 23,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 24,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The question whether the benefit of a covenant has been annexed so as to run with the dominant land is one of intention, dependent upon the construction of the instrument, the nature of the covenant, and the surrounding circumstances.(Ontario Law Reform Commission, Report on Covenants affecting Freehold Land, 1989, p. 34)  2, record 24, English, - annex

Record 24,  Textual support,  French

Record 24,  Textual support,  Spanish