TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A freehold estate for the life of the grantee or some other person. (Ballentine, p. 500)  1, record 1, English, - estate%20of%20mere%20freehold

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Estates of mere freehold(are) those estates which, though entitling the tenant to seisin of the land when they vested in possession and so being estates of freehold, did not descend to the heir on intestacy. The chief ones were life estates and estates "pur autre vie. "[Hargreaves, 4th ed., 1963, p. 81].  1, record 1, English, - estate%20of%20mere%20freehold

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

domaine franc non héréditaire : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 1, French, - domaine%20franc%20non%20h%C3%A9r%C3%A9ditaire

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The student will find sometimes the language of possession, sometimes that of ownership. He will find both the expressions "freehold owner" and "freehold tenant. "He will read both that a freeholder owns the land and that he holds it as tenant.... Theoretically, the language of possession is more correct.... [Harwood, 1975, p. 7].  1, record 2, English, - freehold%20tenant

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

tenant franc; titulaire de domaine franc : termes normalisés par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 2, French, - tenant%20franc

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Leasehold ownership exists where one person(the tenant or lessee) is given :(a) exclusive possession of land by another(the landlord or lessor),(b) with the intention that he should hold it as a tenant and not in some other capacity,(c) for a determinate period of time less than that held by the landlord himself.(T) he tenure of the leaseholder is still of vital importance. It is this relationship, represented in the terms of the lease or tenancy agreement, which determines the continuing rights and obligations of the parties. Although it is still common, and correct, for lawyers to talk of freehold tenants, tenants in fee simple, etc., the layman normally understands the word tenant to mean the leasehold tenant; and the expression "landlord and tenant" is invariably used even by lawyers to mean leasehold ownership.(Harwood, 1975, p. 81).  1, record 3, English, - leasehold%20ownership

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

propriété à bail : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 3, French, - propri%C3%A9t%C3%A9%20%C3%A0%20bail

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

"Tenant's fixtures" are personal chattels annexed to the freehold by the tenant during the term, either for the purposes of his trade or for mere ornament and convenience, and which he has a right to sever and remove during the term, in the absence of any express stipulation or local custom to the contrary.(Williams & Rhodes, 5th ed., 1983, p. 13-12).  1, record 4, English, - tenant%27s%20fixture

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

accessoire fixe du locataire : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 4, French, - accessoire%20fixe%20du%20locataire

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

As all land is considered to be the subject of tenure and not of absolute ownership, estates in freehold are spoken of as freehold tenancies. Freehold tenancies are tenancies in fee simple or fee tail, and tenancies for the life of the tenant or of some other person("pur autre vie").(Williams & Rhodes, 5th ed., 1983, p. 1-1).  1, record 5, English, - tenancy%20in%20fee%20simple

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Acception de base, générique : vise le fait de «tenir» un bien (ou, plus exactement, un «domaine», etc., sur celui-ci), de même que la relation ainsi établie. Le terme peut faire référence indifféremment à une freehold tenancy (tenancy in fee simple, life tenancy, etc.), à une leasehold tenancy ou à l'une et l'autre à la fois. Un équivalent bâti avec le terme «propriété» a aussi été retenu pour les droits se rattachant à l'une des formes de freehold tenancy, etc.  1, record 5, French, - tenance%20en%20fief%20simple

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 2 OBS

tenance en fief simple; propriété en fief simple : termes normalisés par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 5, French, - tenance%20en%20fief%20simple

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The connecting link between tenure and the second important feudal concept, the doctrine of estates, was seisin. Seisin means possession, but it refers only to possession of an estate of freehold in land of freehold tenure. Thus, for example, a landlord will always have the seisin whereas the tenant under a lease is regarded as merely having possession.(Anger and Honsberger, 2nd ed., 1985, p. 25).  1, record 6, English, - seisin

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Seisin is opposed (1) to possession which, in its technical sense, is only applied to leaseholds and other personal property; and (2) to occupation, which signifies actual possession. (Jowitt’s, 2nd ed., 1977, p. 1627).  1, record 6, English, - seisin

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

saisine : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 6, French, - saisine

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The distinction which is more significant than the distinction between freehold and leasehold ownership is the distinction between the long and the short lease. For most purposes a 999-year lease may be indistinguishable from freehold ownership; a weekly tenancy is much less valuable and its value will depend on the degree of security available. In the case of a 999-year lease the whole of the capital value more or less has been transferred to the tenant. In the case of a weekly tenancy-apart from his security-the tenant is receiving nothing but the present use of the property and the capital value remains in the landlord.(Harwood, 1975, p. 499).  1, record 7, English, - short%20lease

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Ne pas confondre avec «short form of lease» qui désigne le bail abrégé dont les effets juridiques sont régis par voie législative.  1, record 7, French, - bail%20%C3%A0%20court%20terme

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 2 OBS

bail à court terme : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 7, French, - bail%20%C3%A0%20court%20terme

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 8,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A reversion may be created by the owner of any estate, and the reversionary interest will be the same estate that the transferor held....(W) here a life tenant grants an estate for years, he will have a reversion for life, and this is so even though the lease be for a long term, such as 999 years, for in the eyes of the law a lease is a lesser estate than a freehold.(Anger & Honsberger, 2nd ed., 1985, p. 376)  1, record 8, English, - reversion%20for%20life

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 OBS

réversion viagère : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 8, French, - r%C3%A9version%20viag%C3%A8re

Record 8,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 9,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A fifth method of conveying was the lease and release. The lease for a term of years, since it was not a freehold, was usually made by deed. In order to perfect his interest, the lessee did, however, have to enter on the land, for otherwise the deed gave him only an "interesse termini", or interest in the term. Once the tenant had gone into possession, he was capable of taking a release, that is, the landlord could release the reversion to him by deed and the two interests would merge so as to give the tenant the fee simple and the seisin.(Anger and Honsberger, 2nd, p. 34)  1, record 9, English, - release

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 OBS

délaissement : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 9, French, - d%C3%A9laissement

Record 9,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 10,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A tenure by which an estate is held in fee-simple, fee-tail, or for term of life. (Oxford, 1933)  1, record 10, English, - freehold

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Freehold tenure is the sum of the rights and duties which constitute the relation of a free tenant to his lord.(Digby and Harrison, p. 49)  1, record 10, English, - freehold

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Acception spécifique : le terme fait référence à la «tenure».  1, record 10, French, - tenure%20franche

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 2 OBS

tenure franche : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 10, French, - tenure%20franche

Record 10,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 11,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Ornamental fixtures. Objects which have been fixed to the freehold by way of ornament or for domestic convenience and utility have from the earliest times been removable by the tenant provided that the lease does not provide to the contrary and provided that they are capable of being severed without irreparable injury to the land.(Halsbury, 4th ed., Vol. 27, p. 115).  1, record 11, English, - ornamental%20fixture

Record 11,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 OBS

accessoire fixe d'ornementation : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 11, French, - accessoire%20fixe%20d%27ornementation

Record 11,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 12,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 OBS

An enforceable option to purchase land confers on the grantee, Y, a right to call for a conveyance of the land from the grantor, X, provided that Y complies with all the terms of the option. Where X and Y are strangers between whom no other legal relationship exists, the option is commonly termed an option in gross.... An option may also be conferred on a tenant to purchase the freehold reversion. An option contained in a lease differs from an option in gross only in the respects that the grantor and the grantee stand in the relationship of landlord and tenant, and that the contract creating it is made part of the terms on which the lease is granted....(Barnsley, "Land Options", p. 2)  1, record 12, English, - option%20in%20gross

Record 12,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 OBS

option indépendante : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 12, French, - option%20ind%C3%A9pendante

Record 12,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 13,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 DEF

An estate in real property in which the tenant has a freehold interest for his life or for the life of another("pur autre vie").(Black's, 5th ed., 1979, p. 834).  1, record 13, English, - life%20tenancy

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A tenancy for life is a freehold estate or tenancy but is not an estate of inheritance as is a fee simple. It is held of the immediate reversioner and reverts to him on the death of the tenant or the person for whose life the tenancy was held.(Anger and Honsberger, 2nd, p. 235)  1, record 13, English, - life%20tenancy

Record 13,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 OBS

tenance viagère; propriété viagère : termes normalisés par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 13, French, - tenance%20viag%C3%A8re

Record 13,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 14,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A fifth method of conveying was the lease and release. The lease for a term of years, since it was not a freehold, was usually made by deed. In order to perfect his interest, the lessee did, however, have to enter on the land, for otherwise the deed gave him only an "interesse termini", or interest in the term. Once the tenant had gone into possession, he was capable of taking a release, that is, the landlord could release the reversion to him by deed and the two interests would merge so as to give the tenant the fee simple and the seisin.... In England the feoffment with livery as well as the other old forms of conveyance, the bargain and sale and the lease and release, have been abolished. The latter two forms of conveyance, provided they are by deed, are still possible in Canadian jurisdictions which have legislation similar to Ontario's, since that legislation only deals with feoffment by livery.(Anger & Honsberger, 2nd ed., 1985, pp. 34 et 96)  1, record 14, English, - lease%20and%20release

Record 14,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 OBS

bail-délaissement : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 14, French, - bail%2Dd%C3%A9laissement

Record 14,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 15,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 CONT

If... the landlord is the freehold owner of a large block of flats which he has let, as a whole, to a head tenant who has failed to perform his obligations under his tenancy, the landlord may wish... to preserve the sub-tenancies of the individual flats.(Forfeiture of Tenancies, 1985, p. 99)  1, record 15, English, - head%20tenant

Record 15,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 OBS

locataire principal : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 15, French, - locataire%20principal

Record 15,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 16,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 OBS

As all land is considered to be the subject of tenure and not of absolute ownership, estates in freehold are spoken of as freehold tenancies. Freehold tenancies are tenancies in fee simple or fee tail, and tenancies for the life of the tenant or of some other person(pur autre vie).(Williams & Rhodes, 6th, p. 1-1)  1, record 16, English, - freehold%20tenancy

Record 16,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 OBS

tenance franche; propriété franche : termes normalisés par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 16, French, - tenance%20franche

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Acception de base, générique : vise le fait de «tenir» un bien (ou, plus exactement, un «domaine» sur celui-ci), de même que la relation ainsi établie. Le terme peut faire référence indifféremment à une «freehold tenancy» («tenancy in fee simple», «life tenancy», etc.) ou à une «leasehold tenancy» ou à l'une et l'autre à la fois. Un équivalent bâti avec le terme «propriété» a aussi été retenu pour les droits se rattachant à l'une des formes de «freehold tenancy», etc.  1, record 16, French, - tenance%20franche

Record 16,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 17,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The tenant in fee tail... held a freehold estate of inheritance limited to himself and the heirs of his body.(Adkin's Landlord and Tenant, p. 17)  1, record 17, English, - fee%20tail%20tenant

Record 17,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 OBS

tenant en fief taillé; propriétaire en fief taillé : termes normalisés par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 17, French, - tenant%20en%20fief%20taill%C3%A9

Record 17,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 18,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 CONT

At common law, a tenant "pur autre vie" could not devise his estate by will and... it could not pass to his heirs by descent. On his death, however, the land did not revert to the grantor... and it did not escheat.... By reason of the rule that the freehold must never be vacant, the estate was completed by means of the doctrine of occupancy. If no one was entitled to enter into occupancy, any person who did enter into possession could hold the land during the life of the "cestui que vie" by right of occupancy....(Anger & Honsberger, 2nd ed., 1985, p. 156).  1, record 18, English, - doctrine%20of%20occupancy

Record 18,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 OBS

doctrine de l'occupation : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 18, French, - doctrine%20de%20l%27occupation

Record 18,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 19,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Any kind of sustenance, particularly wood, a reasonable amount of which any tenant for years or for life of freehold may by common right take from the land for fuel or repairs.(The Oxford Companion to Law, 1980, p. 433).  1, record 19, English, - bote

Record 19,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 OBS

bois d'affouage; estouviers : termes normalisés par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 19, French, - bois%20d%27affouage

Record 19,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 20,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Common of pasture appendant is the right which every freehold tenant of a manor possesses to feed his commonable beasts, such as litter, plough, or manure the arable land granted(i. e., horses, cattle and sheep) upon the lord's waste, provided they are "levant" and "couchant" on the tenant's freehold land.... The right of common appendant cannot be created since the statute "Quia Emptores", 1289, that statute having prohibited the creation of new manors; and the land to which such a right is appendant must originally have been arable.(Jowitt's, 2nd ed., 1977, p. 387)  2, record 20, English, - common%20of%20pasture%20appendant

Record 20,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 OBS

communage de pâture annexe : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 20, French, - communage%20de%20p%C3%A2ture%20annexe

Record 20,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 21,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The act by which the share of a widow in her deceased husband’s real estate is ascertained and set apart to her. (Black’s, 5th ed., 1979, p. 109)  1, record 21, English, - assignment%20of%20dower

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Upon her husband's death, apart from her quarantine, a widow was not entitled to possession of any of his real property until her dower had been assigned to her by the person entitled to the freehold.... The Ontario Act provided that the dowress and the tenant of the freehold could, by an instrument executed by them under seal in the presence of two witnesses, agree upon the assignment of dower, or upon a yearly or gross sum to be paid to her in lieu of dower....(Anger & Honsberger, 2nd ed., 1985, p. 195)  1, record 21, English, - assignment%20of%20dower

Record 21,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 OBS

assignation de douaire : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 21, French, - assignation%20de%20douaire

Record 21,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 22,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 CONT

No abeyance of freehold. Limitations of land operating at common law were subject to the rule that there must always be a tenant of the freehold; in other words, the freehold must never be in abeyance. Consequently, an estate of freehold could not at common law be limited to commence in the future save by way of remainder after a particular estate, and a remainder could not be limited so as to vest in possession at a date later than the determination of the preceding estate.(Halsbury, 4th ed., Vol. 39, p. 327).  1, record 22, English, - abeyance%20of%20freehold

Record 22,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 OBS

vacance de tenure franche : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 22, French, - vacance%20de%20tenure%20franche

Record 22,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 23,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Proper to be the subject of alienation ... (Black, 5th ed. 1979, p. 66)  2, record 23, English, - alienable

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Originally no estate of freehold was alienable by the tenant without the consent of the lord of whom he held...(Jowitt, 2nd ed. 1977, p. 84)  2, record 23, English, - alienable

Record 23,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Extrait du vocabulaire bilingue de la Common law - Droit des biens - (Terminologie française normalisée dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles).  2, record 23, French, - ali%C3%A9nable

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 2 OBS

À distinguer de : transferable, assignable, negotiable.  2, record 23, French, - ali%C3%A9nable

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 3 OBS

Termes qui présentent un complément d'information utile ou un apparentement avec le terme en vedette : alienability, alienation.  2, record 23, French, - ali%C3%A9nable

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 4 OBS

Antonyme: inalienable.  2, record 23, French, - ali%C3%A9nable

Record 23,  Textual support,  Spanish