TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A bulletin issued by [local forecast] offices to alert the public to expected formation of thin ice on plants, trees, etc., when temperatures are expected to drop to between 30°F and 40°F. Since air temperature sensors are located 5 feet above ground level, frost will often occur when air temperature sensors indicate about 36°F. A bulletin may be issued indicating "Scattered Frost" or "Frost in low lying areas".  3, record 1, English, - frost%20warning

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Frost describes the formation of thin ice crystals on the ground or other surfaces in the form of scales, needles, feathers, or fans. Frost develops under conditions similar to dew, except the temperatures of the Earth's surface and earthbound objects falls below 32°F. As with the term "freeze, "this condition is primarily significant during the growing season. If a frost period is sufficiently severe to end the growing season or delay its beginning, it is commonly referred to as a "killing frost. "Because frost is primarily an event that occurs as the result of radiational cooling, it can occur with standard observing level temperature(at 5 feet above ground) in the mid to upper 30's.  4, record 1, English, - frost%20warning

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 2 OBS

In consulted sources, "frost warning" and "frost advisory" are defined in the same manner. However, Environment Canada differentiates a "warning" from an "advisory": "A weather advisory is issued when forecast conditions are expected to cause general inconvenience or concern, and do not pose a serious enough threat to issue a weather warning. An advisory will often precede a warning."  5, record 1, English, - frost%20warning

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Avis diffusé par les Services de météorologie lorsqu'ils prévoient que la température de l'air tombera à 2 °C ou moins pendant la saison de croissance des végétaux, qui s'étend du 15 mai au 15 octobre environ.  3, record 1, French, - avertissement%20de%20gel

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Avertissement; avis météorologique. [...] Cette procédure d'alerte est adoptée lorsque l'événement météorologique en cause est susceptible d'avoir de graves incidences sur la sécurité des personnes ou la conservation des biens. C'est le cas des avis de tempête diffusés aux marins ou des avis de gel transmis aux agriculteurs. Les moyens de diffusion mis en œuvre peuvent être très divers : télex, radiodiffusion, télévision, répondeurs téléphoniques, télématique (Minitel).  4, record 1, French, - avertissement%20de%20gel

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Dans certaines sources consultées, les termes «avertissement de gel» et «avis de gel» décrivent la même notion. Selon Environnement Canada l'«avertissement» décrit «des conditions météorologiques pouvant menacer la vie, les biens et le bien-être des gens». L'«avis» précède l'«avertissement». De façon générale, «warning» se traduit par «avertissement» et «advisory» par «avis».  3, record 1, French, - avertissement%20de%20gel

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

“Ice-free period” was defined as the average number of days between the observed freeze date and the breakup date of ice cover on a body of water.  1, record 2, English, - ice%2Dfree%20period

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La période sans glace se définit comme le nombre moyen de jours entre la date observée de prise des glaces et la date de bris de la glace sur un plan d’eau.  1, record 2, French, - p%C3%A9riode%20sans%20glace

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Asphyxiation phase. In this half hour period, two thirds of victims will die from asphyxiation. Apart from wet snow avalanches the snow encasing victims contains a significant amount of oxygen and is permeable. If a victim has protected or can clear airways and can breath(that is the weight of snow is not compressing the lungs or thorax) they can usually breath. During this period the surrounding air will either be exhausted or the victims respiration will condense and freeze slowly rendering the surrounding snow impermeable.  1, record 3, English, - asphyxiation%20phase

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

asphyxiation phase: second phase of the avalanche survival curve. The three other phases are: survival phase, waiting phase, rescue phase.  2, record 3, English, - asphyxiation%20phase

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[La] phase d'asphyxie [survient] entre 15 et 45 minutes d'ensevelissement. Le pourcentage de chances de survie tombe brutalement de 93 % à 25 % : durant cette phase, toutes les victimes ensevelies ne disposant pas d'une poche d'air meurent par asphyxie. Ce chiffre de 25 % est largement inférieur à celui de 50 % retenu jusqu'ici.  2, record 3, French, - phase%20d%27asphyxie

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

phase d'asphyxie : deuxième phase d'ensevelissement sous une avalanche; les trois autres phases sont : phase de survie, phase de latence, phase de secours.  3, record 3, French, - phase%20d%27asphyxie

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Glide avalanches... occur mostly in very steep rock slabs during very warm weather. Glide avalanches are relatively difficult for a person to trigger and they tend to release more or less randomly in time. Paradoxically, they tend to release during the coldest part of the day, or during a freeze following a protracted period of melting...  3, record 4, English, - glide%20avalanche

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Glide avalanches are very difficult to predict. [Example approved by the Avalanche Bulletin Terminology Standardization Committee.]  2, record 4, English, - glide%20avalanche

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

"Glide avalanches" occur when the entire snowpack (from ground to surface) slides slowly downslope. A large crack (called a "glide crack") is formed at the top of the slope, and below this crack is where the snow is slipping down the hill. The rate of glide is variable and based on many factors (not well understood). The two biggest influences are the ground cover (smooth grass and rock slab cause glide) as well as the amount of free water at the base of the snowpack which can lubricate the sliding surface. Often these glide slabs will slip downhill for months, or most of the winter. They are very unpredictable and when they decide to release then we generally get a very large avalanche because the entire snowpack depth to the ground slides. When the glide slab finally releases - that is a "glide avalanche." [Reference: Grant Statham, Avalanche Specialist, Parks Canada.]  4, record 4, English, - glide%20avalanche

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Do not confuse "glide avalanche" with "full-depth avalanche". Glide is a slow process that usually occurs over several days, weeks or even months, while a "full-depth avalanche" is a sudden release of a slab avalanche that breaks to the ground.  4, record 4, English, - glide%20avalanche

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 3 OBS

glide avalanche; glide release; glide slab avalanche: terms officially approved by the Avalanche Bulletin Terminology Standardization Committee.  4, record 4, English, - glide%20avalanche

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Avalanche de neige très humide, surtout dans les régions de montagne sous influence maritime [...] où le glissement du manteau neigeux provoque une fissuration et, à plus ou moins longue échéance, une avalanche.  2, record 4, French, - avalanche%20de%20glissement

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[...] dans une zone de reptation et dans un climat humide, des fissures du manteau neigeux peuvent se développer pendant de longues périodes (plusieurs jours) et être à l'origine d'avalanches [...] Ces avalanches de glissement sont des phénomènes rares dans les Alpes mais fréquents [...] dans les pays avec un climat océanique.  2, record 4, French, - avalanche%20de%20glissement

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Il est difficile de prévoir les avalanches de glissement. [Exemple entériné par le Comité d'uniformisation de la terminologie des bulletins d'avalanche.]  3, record 4, French, - avalanche%20de%20glissement

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

avalanche de glissement : terme uniformisé par le Comité d'uniformisation de la terminologie des bulletins d'avalanche.  4, record 4, French, - avalanche%20de%20glissement

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Once an appropriate species has been chosen, planting should be timed to avoid early frost or late frost ... Avoid planting valley bottoms prone to cold air drainage and radiative frost until later in the season. Although these sites may be snow free early in the spring, depending upon the species, they should not be planted until after the risk of frost has passed.  4, record 5, English, - early%20frost

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Excessive rain, a prolonged period of drought or an early freeze can each diminish autumn leaf color.  2, record 5, English, - early%20frost

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 3 CONT

AGRAS is the first company specialised in agricultural insurance (field cultures, plantations, animals), against natural risks (hail, late and early freezing, showers and storms, landslide and land fall, fire caused by natural electric discharge).  3, record 5, English, - early%20frost

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les gelées de printemps, en particulier les gelées tardives (ainsi qu'en automne, les gelées précoces) sont également très graves, car elles se produisent à un moment où les végétaux sont en pleine activité (notamment les arbres fruitiers en fleur); mais leur localisation dans le temps comme dans l'espace permet une certaine lutte. En général, ces gelées revêtent un caractère local dû à l'absence de vent et au drainage de l'air froid et ont peu de conséquences au niveau national tout en restant très graves au niveau de l'exploitant.  4, record 5, French, - gel%C3%A9e%20pr%C3%A9coce

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 2 CONT

[..] au-dessous de 3 degrés C la plante est détruite, ce qui peut se produire à l'occasion de gelées hâtives  5, record 5, French, - gel%C3%A9e%20pr%C3%A9coce

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 3 CONT

À l'automne, après la première gelée, rabattez les plantes à 15 cm du sol. Si vous devez mettre un paillis, attendez que le sol soit gelé pour l'hiver.  3, record 5, French, - gel%C3%A9e%20pr%C3%A9coce

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish