TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A linear probe uses high frequency ultrasound to create high resolution images of structures near the body surface. This makes the probe ideal for vascular imaging and certain procedures such as central line placement.  3, record 1, English, - linear%20ultrasound%20probe

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les sondes linéaires sont généralement utilisées pour les examens superficiels tels que l'imagerie musculosquelettique et les études vasculaires périphériques. Elles se caractérisent par une fréquence élevée qui leur garantit une résolution spatiale impeccable.  1, record 1, French, - sonde%20%C3%A9chographique%20lin%C3%A9aire

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The principal advantage of pulsed Doppler is range resolution, or the ability to sample blood flow in a small, specific area whose location and depth can be varied. A disadvantage of pulsed Doppler, however, is that there are limits to the maximum frequency shifts that can be unambiguously displayed at any given depth. To avoid range ambiguity, the ultrasound pulse must travel down to the selected depth and back before the next pulse can enter the heart. Therefore, the PRF [pulse repetition frequency] or sampling rate is limited at each depth.  4, record 2, English, - pulsed%20Doppler%20ultrasonography

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Technique échographique d'exploration vélocimétrique du cœur et des vaisseaux utilisant l'effet doppler [où] l'émission des ondes ultrasonores est faite en mode pulsé et le signal doppler est obtenu par l'analyse des échos provenant d'une profondeur sélectionnée par l'utilisateur.  7, record 2, French, - %C3%A9cho%2DDoppler%20puls%C3%A9

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Une même céramique est alternativement émettrice et réceptrice. L’émission des ultrasons est discontinue et chaque brève impulsion est suivie d’une période d’écoute pendant laquelle la sonde recueille les échos qui lui parviennent. Une fenêtre de mesure réglable en profondeur permet de sélectionner de façon précise le volume de la cible à étudier, ce qui évite la superposition des informations. Le mode doppler pulsé est couplé à l'échographie en mode B sur laquelle se fait le repérage de la zone de mesure. Le résultat est représenté sur l'écran sous la forme du tracé du spectre doppler. Le signal doppler appliqué à un haut parleur est également perçu sous forme audible.  7, record 2, French, - %C3%A9cho%2DDoppler%20puls%C3%A9

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The relationship between image resolution and screen frequency determines the quality of detail in the printed image. To produce a halftone image of the highest quality, you generally use an image resolution that is from 1. 5 to at most 2 times the screen frequency.  2, record 3, English, - image%20resolution

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La relation entre la résolution de l’image et la linéature détermine la qualité du détail de l’image imprimée. En général, pour produire une image à demi-teintes de qualité optimale, la résolution d’image doit être égale à 1,5 ou 2 fois la linéature.  2, record 3, French, - r%C3%A9solution%20d%27image

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... the magnetic-force microscope(MFM), enables us to look at the actual performance of such heads-the definition, uniformity and strength of the magnetic field they produce. In place of the tungsten or silicon needle, the MFM has a magnetized nickel on probe. When the vibrating probe is brought near a magnetic sample, the tip feels a force that changes its resonance frequency and hence its vibration amplitude. The MFM can trace the magnetic-field pattern emanating from data-recording heads at a resolution of better than 25 nanometers. The device can also study the structure of the magnetic bits that store data on disks and other media, giving insight into both head performance and the quality of the storage medium.  3, record 4, English, - magnetic%2Dforce%20microscope

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[…] hay varios tipos de SPM [microscopios de exploración de sonda], entre ellos, se encuentra [el] microscopio de fuerza atómica (AFM), el microscopio de efecto de túnel (STM), el microscopio de fuerza magnética (MFM), el microscopio de fuerza de resonancia magnética (MRFM), […]  3, record 4, Spanish, - microscopio%20de%20fuerza%20magn%C3%A9tica

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 2 CONT

En el caso de un microscopio de fuerzas magnéticas (MFM) una punta magnética rastrea la superficie de la muestra magnética interaccionando con el campo de dispersión de ésta […]  4, record 4, Spanish, - microscopio%20de%20fuerza%20magn%C3%A9tica

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Temporal Paul wavelet analysis for instantaneous phase extraction using shadow moiré technique is proposed. Unlike the Morlet wavelet, the Paul wavelet has less restriction on the adjustment of wavelet parameters and can provide an optimal time and frequency resolution for a particular application by selecting the proper parameters. The Paul wavelet is a complex wavelet and is suitable for processing the temporal intensity data obtained from the shadow moiré technique for the phase retrieval. The proposed method can extract the phase information related to the state of the dynamic object at every instant in temporal domain. The phase information is associated to the displacement, three-dimensional(3D) surface-profile and the instantaneous state of the dynamic object. In addition, the instantaneous frequency of vibrating object can be obtained using the scale of the wavelet ridge by direct integration without temporal and spatial phase unwrapping. Thus the phase unwrapping error can be avoided. An experiment is conducted on the central loaded beam to demonstrate the validity of the proposed technique.  3, record 5, English, - shadow%20moir%C3%A9%20technique

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The term “moiré” is ... a French word referring to “an irregular wavy finish usually produced on a fabric by pressing between engraved rollers” (Webster’s 1981). In optics it refers to a beat pattern produced between two gratings of approximately equal spacing. It can be seen in everyday things such as the overlapping of two window screens, the rescreening of a half-tone picture, or with a striped shirt seen on television. The use of moiré for reduced sensitivity testing was introduced by Lord Rayleigh in 1874. Lord Rayleigh looked at the moiré between two identical gratings to determine their quality even though each individual grating could not be resolved under a microscope. ... Since Lord Rayleigh first noticed the phenomena of moiré fringes, moiré techniques have been used for a number of testing applications. Righi (1887) first noticed that the relative displacement of two gratings could be determined by observing the movement of the moiré fringes. The next significant advance in the use of moiré was presented by Weller and Shepherd (1948). They used moiré to measure the deformation of an object under applied stress by looking at the differences in a grating pattern before and after the applied stress. They were the first to use shadow moiré, where a grating is placed in front of a nonflat surface to determine the shape of the object behind it by using the shape of the moiré fringes.  4, record 5, English, - shadow%20moir%C3%A9%20technique

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le moiré d’ombre. Cette technique […] consiste à créer un moiré entre une grille de référence placée juste devant l’objet, et l’ombre de cette même grille projetée sur la surface étudiée. Les déformations de cette surface modifient le pas du réseau «ombre» créant ainsi le moiré. Une mesure du pas de ce moiré permet, à l’aide des équations précédentes, de remont3er aux déformations locales et de dresser la carte des hauteurs.  5, record 5, French, - technique%20du%20moir%C3%A9%20d%27ombre

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Le moiré d’ombre. Il s’agit d’un dérivé (conceptuellement, pas historiquement) de la mesure de forme par projection de frange.  6, record 5, French, - technique%20du%20moir%C3%A9%20d%27ombre

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[The] use of broader frequency bandwidths than normally required to transmit information, in order to gain advantages in interference rejection(anti-jam), message privacy/security, low probability of intercept(LPI), deny frequency resolution, multiplexing of more than one message in the same bandwidth, or high resolution range measurement.  2, record 6, English, - spread%20spectrum

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[...] se explicará el funcionamiento de la técnica de modulación de espectro ensanchado, las secuencias de código utilizadas y las modulaciones de secuencia directa y saltos de frecuencia.  1, record 6, Spanish, - espectro%20ensanchado

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The use of special forms of frequency, phase, or amplitude modulation to permit a radar system to achieve higher range resolution than that normally permitted by a given pulse duration.  2, record 7, English, - pulse%20compression

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Pulse Compression. In collecting the SAR data, a long-duration linear FM [frequency modulation] pulse is transmitted. This allows the pulse energy to be transmitted with a lower peak power. The linear FM pulse has the property that, when filtered with a matched filter, the result is a narrow pulse in which all the pulse energy has been collected to the peak value. Thus, when a matched filter is applied to the received echo, it is as if a narrow pulse were transmitted, with its corresponding range resolution and signal-to-noise ratio.  3, record 7, English, - pulse%20compression

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS

pulse compression: term officially approved by the RADARSAT-2 Terminology Approval Group (RTAG).  4, record 7, English, - pulse%20compression

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Traitement en distance [-] compression d'impulsion. Pour obtenir une résolution en distance satisfaisante (de l'ordre de quelques mètres) il est nécessaire que l'impulsion ait une durée d'émission très brève (quelques nano-secondes). Or, une telle durée conduirait à émettre une impulsion de puissance très élevée afin d'obtenir en retour un signal suffisant compte tenu des amortissements lors du trajet, du coefficient de rétrodiffusion des cibles, et des traitements au niveau de l'antenne [...]. Les valeurs d'énergie nécessaires sont difficilement compatibles avec les instruments satellitaires disponibles. La finesse de résolution est donc obtenue en utilisant une technique dite de modulation de fréquence. Un signal de durée d'émission importante (quelques micro-secondes) est utilisé, permettant ainsi d'augmenter l'énergie transmise; ce signal est modulé linéairement en fréquence afin d'occuper une plus grande largeur de bande.  2, record 7, French, - compression%20d%27impulsion

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS

compression d'impulsion : terme uniformisé par le Groupe de travail de la terminologie de RADARSAT-2 (GTTR).  3, record 7, French, - compression%20d%27impulsion

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 8,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[An instrument] offering a choice of spatial resolution, incidence angle and swath width.  2, record 8, English, - multi%2Dmode%20SAR

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Figure 9 shows the modular data handling architecture of a multi-mode SAR instrument, whose parameters are given in Table II.  3, record 8, English, - multi%2Dmode%20SAR

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 OBS

It will also provide extensions of [RADARSAT-1] capability through increased functionality with regards to dual frequency and multi-polarization combinations(including polarimetric), and higher spatial resolution possibly through a spotlight mode.  2, record 8, English, - multi%2Dmode%20SAR

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[Instrument] offrant un choix de résolutions spatiales, d'angles d'incidence et de largeurs de fauchée [...]  2, record 8, French, - SAR%20multimode

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le programme RADARSAT-1 a non seulement pleinement atteint ses objectifs, même à mi-mandat, mais il est à l'origine d'innovations techniques (ex. SAR multimode), de livraison de services opérationnels à la clientèle (tel qu'une réponse fiable et rapide), de nouvelles techniques de commercialisation et de partenariats dans le domaine de l'observation de la Terre [...]  1, record 8, French, - SAR%20multimode

Record 8,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 OBS

SAR: Synthetic aperture radar.  2, record 8, Spanish, - SAR%20multimodo

Record 9,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The radars use high frequency and advanced radar signal processing technology to improve target resolution, which permits the radar to more accurately discriminate between closely-spaced objects.  3, record 9, English, - X%20band%20radar

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les radars en bande X utilisent des hautes fréquences ainsi qu'un système de signal radar avancé pour optimiser la résolution et assurer une discrimination efficace entre les têtes assaillantes et les multiples leurres et autres débris spatiaux volontairement ou involontairement causés par la séparation du véhicule de rentrée du dernier étage du missile.  3, record 9, French, - radar%20bande%20X

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 OBS

radar bande X : terme uniformisé par le Comité de normalisation de la terminologie navale.  6, record 9, French, - radar%20bande%20X

Record 9,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 10,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

By its very nature, ground penetrating radar(GPR) is an ultra-wideband device(UWB), requiring a large range in frequency to penetrate the ground and image with sufficient resolution to solve practical problems.  1, record 10, English, - ultra%2Dwideband%20device

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

GA 1/8. Compatibilité entre dispositifs à bande ultra large (UWB) et services de radiocommunication.  1, record 10, French, - dispositif%20%C3%A0%20bande%20ultra%20large

Record 10,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 11,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Super Audio CD(SACD) is a technology for high resolution multi-channel digital audio recordings proposed by Sony and Philips. SACD albums must contain one layer with the "Direct Stream Digital" encoding format which requires a SACD capable player. "Direct Stream Digital" encoding will be able to provide a frequency response from DC to 100 kHz with a dynamic range of 120 dB. Multichannel SACD players have 6 outputs and can play 5. 1 or 6 channel audio. SACD albums can optionally contain a second layer encoded with the CD-format(PCM at 44. 1-kHz/16-bit) in stereo allowing compatibility with existing CD players.  1, record 11, English, - Direct%20Stream%20Digital%20encoding

Record 11,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Nouveau format d'encodage développé par Sony et Philips utilisé notamment sur le SACD.  1, record 11, French, - encodage%20DSD

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 OBS

La technologie DSD est basée sur une méthode de numérisation appelée Pulse Width Modulation (PWM), un codage prônant la simplicité du phrasé numérique compensé par une très haute fréquence d'échantillonnage. En travaillant à la fréquence de 2.822 MHz (64 fois plus élevée que celle du CD-audio), le modulateur Delta Sigma chargé de traduire la courbe de tension analogique en un signal numérique binaire prélève en continu quelques 2.822.400 échantillons par seconde sur la source linéaire.  1, record 11, French, - encodage%20DSD

Record 11,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 12,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The Chilbolton rain radar is a world leader in dual-linear-polarisation measurement techniques. The radar is mounted on a 25m antenna, which gives the radar a high spatial resolution of 0. 25°. Its operating frequency of 3 GHz ensures that the signal is attenuated as little as possible. Researchers are able to predict propagation effects up to at least 40 GHz using the radar, since it can characterise the distribution of rain drop sizes using differential reflectivity.  2, record 12, English, - rain%20radar

Record 12,  Textual support,  French

Record 12,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 13,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

X-band(9. 5-10. 0 GHz) backscatter at near grazing incidence(0. 2 deg) from the sea off the coast of Kauai, Hawaii, was measured with a radar characterized by a high spatial resolution in range(0. 3 m) and a high temporal resolution(2000 Hz pulse repetition frequency(PRF].... Each type of clutter exhibited the characteristic spiky behavior which has come to be expected from microwave sea backscatter observed at low grazing angles and high range resolutions, while showing, between themselves, marked transmit geometry and polarization dependent contrasts, with the horizontally polarized clutter, measured with an UP transmit geometry, being especially notable for its frequently occurring, significant high frequency spectral content.  2, record 13, English, - sea%20backscatter

Record 13,  Textual support,  French

Record 13,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 14,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The SAR contains sophisticated electronics that feed a state-of-the-art distributed active phased-array antenna consisting of 512 transmit/receive modules(TRMs) with radio frequency(RF) and power distribution networks. Each TRM feeds a dual-polarization patch radiated subarray. This provides increased flexibility and capability over other commercial SAR remote sensing satellites. Thus, RADARSAT-2 will offer high quality products, including selectable polarization and fully polarimetric data, ultra-fine images with spatial resolution of 3 m, and a moving object detection experiment(MODEX) imaging mode.  2, record 14, English, - transmit%2Freceive%20module

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 OBS

transmit/receive module; TRM: term and abbreviation officially approved by the RADARSAT-2 Terminology Approval Group (RTAG).  5, record 14, English, - transmit%2Freceive%20module

Record 14,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le SAR comprend un système électronique sophistiqué qui alimente une antenne active à réseau d'éléments en phase qui consiste en 512 modules de transmission-réception (TRM) avec des réseaux de distribution de puissance et fréquences radio. Chaque TRM alimente une pièce à polarisation double du sous-réseau. Ceci permet une flexibilité et une capacité accrues par rapport aux satellites SAR commerciaux existants. RADARSAT-2 sera donc en mesure de générer des produits de très haute qualité incluant une sélection de polarisation et des données polarimétriques, un mode d'imagerie ultra-fin d'une résolution spatiale de trois mètres, ainsi qu'un mode expérimental de détection des objets en mouvements (MODEX).  2, record 14, French, - module%20d%27%C3%A9mission%20et%20de%20r%C3%A9ception

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 OBS

module d'émission et de réception; TRM : terme et abréviation uniformisés par le Groupe de travail de la terminologie de RADARSAT-2 (GTTR).  2, record 14, French, - module%20d%27%C3%A9mission%20et%20de%20r%C3%A9ception

Record 14,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 15,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In order to achieve a stable long term operation without frequent calibrations, the wavelength of the transmitter laser is locked to the iodine absorption peak. Wavelength locking to the Doppler-broadened iodine absorption line was used because it requires much less power than a locking into a hyperfine structure of the iodine absorption line with Doppler-free technique. Compared to the wavelength locking with a high resolution etalon, the advantage of the locking to an iodine absorption peak is that, iodine peak provides an absolute frequency reference.  2, record 15, English, - wavelength%20locking

Record 15,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La LLC est une configuration laser accordable dotée d'une boucle de retour optique permettant le verrouillage en longueur d'onde.  1, record 15, French, - verrouillage%20en%20longueur%20d%27onde

Record 15,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 16,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Two-way communication on a designated air-to-air channel to enable aircraft engaged in flights over remote and oceanic areas out of range of VHF [very high frequency] ground stations to exchange necessary operational information and to facilitate the resolution of operational problems.  1, record 16, English, - interpilot%20air%2Dto%2Dair%20communication

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 OBS

interpilot air-to-air communication: term and definition officially approved by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO).  2, record 16, English, - interpilot%20air%2Dto%2Dair%20communication

Record 16,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Communications bidirectionnelles sur un canal (une voie) air-air désigné, permettant aux aéronefs en vol au-dessus de zones éloignées et océaniques, hors de portée des stations VHF [très haute fréquence] au sol, d'échanger des renseignements opérationnels nécessaires et facilitant la solution de problèmes opérationnels.  1, record 16, French, - communications%20air%2Dair%20entre%20pilotes

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 OBS

communications air-air entre pilotes : terme et définition uniformisés par l'Organisation de l'aviation civile internationale (OACI).  2, record 16, French, - communications%20air%2Dair%20entre%20pilotes

Record 16,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Comunicación bidireccional por un canal aire-aire designado para que, en vuelos sobre áreas remotas y oceánicas, las aeronaves que estén fuera del alcance de estaciones terrestres VHF [muy alta frecuencia] puedan intercambiar información operacional necesaria y para facilitar la resolución de dificultades operacionales.  1, record 16, Spanish, - comunicaci%C3%B3n%20aire%2Daire%20entre%20pilotos

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 OBS

comunicación aire-aire entre pilotos: término y definición aceptados oficialmente por la Organización de Aviación Civil Internacional (OACI).  2, record 16, Spanish, - comunicaci%C3%B3n%20aire%2Daire%20entre%20pilotos

Record 17,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Acoustic microscopy is the term applied to high resolution, high frequency ultrasonic inspection techniques which produce images of features beneath the surface of a sample. Because ultrasonic energy requires continuity of materials to propagate, internal defects such as voids, delaminations and cracks interfere with the transmission and/or reflection of ultrasound signals. Since air is a very poor conductor of ultrasound, gaps within or between samples are easily visualized by the localized changes in the ultrasound.  1, record 17, English, - acoustic%20microscopy

Record 17,  Textual support,  French

Record 17,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 18,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A laser in which the frequency of the output radiation can be tuned over part or all of the ultraviolet, visible, and infrared regions of the spectrum  2, record 18, English, - tunable%20laser

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Use of tunable lasers. The sharpness of the frequency and the high power per unit solid angle and unit spectral bandpass in a laser beam make it attractive for infrared spectroscopy at ultrahigh resolution. The main problem is the tuning of the laser frequency, that is, varying some parameter in the laser system so that its frequency may be varied continuously and accurately.  3, record 18, English, - tunable%20laser

Record 18,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 DEF

laser à longueur d'onde réglable.  2, record 18, French, - laser%20accordable

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le développement récent des lasers accordables (dont on peut régler la fréquence d'émission) ouvre les perspectives d'une photochimie sélective par laser permettant une meilleure compréhension des mécanismes des réactions chimiques.  3, record 18, French, - laser%20accordable

Record 18,  Textual support,  Spanish