TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A particular design of pebble bed reactor [that] is fueled and moderated by fuel spheres each containing TRISO coated oxide fuel grains and a surrounding hollow sphere of graphite moderator.  1, record 1, English, - pebble%20bed%20modular%20reactor

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

These are stacked in a close packed lattice and cooled by helium, which is used to drive a turbine directly, or may be used to provide process heat for the production of hydrogen fuel. The PBMR is modular in that only small to mid-sized units [are] designed ...  1, record 1, English, - pebble%20bed%20modular%20reactor

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Réacteur à haute température refroidi au gaz de quelque 160 MW fondé sur un développement allemand [...]  2, record 1, French, - r%C3%A9acteur%20modulaire%20%C3%A0%20lit%20de%20boulets

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Pour modérer la réaction en chaîne, il utilise du graphite pyrolytique à la place de l'eau. Pour refroidir le réacteur, il utilise un gaz semi-inerte tel que l'hélium, l'azote ou le dioxyde de carbone qui est porté à très haute température puis actionne directement une turbine.  3, record 1, French, - r%C3%A9acteur%20modulaire%20%C3%A0%20lit%20de%20boulets

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Le combustible du PBMR est confiné dans des billes de graphite de la grandeur d'une boule de billard. Une fusion du cœur est impossible pour des raisons de physique.  2, record 1, French, - r%C3%A9acteur%20modulaire%20%C3%A0%20lit%20de%20boulets

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In contrast to the prismatic fuel, the coated particles are homogeneously distributed within the spherical fuel matrix, which acts as the moderator. There are two generic concepts for pebble bed reactors in terms of refueling.... Another type is the once through then out(OTTO) concept where the pebbles only perform one passage through the core. For the on-line refueling designs, the pebbles are circulated by gravity in the core, which is surrounded by a graphite reflector and pneumatically transported in the fuel handling system.  1, record 2, English, - once%20through%20then%20out%20concept

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Cœur à boulets [...] Les promoteurs de ce genre de réacteur [THTR 300] ont imaginé une simplification du système de manutention, qui consiste à faire passer chaque boulet une seule fois dans le cœur (variante OTTO ou once through then out). Il suffit alors de recueillir, dans une sorte de pondoir, les boulets usagés, mais si l'on gagne en simplicité du système, la combustion massique du combustible déchargé n'est plus uniforme et l'utilisation du combustible n'est donc pas optimale.  2, record 2, French, - concept%20du%20passage%20unique

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

... where the PBMR [Pebble Bed Modular Reactor] employs a dynamic core of fuel spheres, the GT-MHR adopts a "prismatic" core design, in which hexagonal fuel blocks are located in channels within a fixed graphite core.  2, record 3, English, - prismatic%20block%20core

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

La construction et l'exploitation du réacteur de 20 MW de puissance thermique, Dragon Reactor Experiment, à Winfrith (Grande-Bretagne) qui a divergé en 1964 avec un cœur constitué de blocs prismatiques contenant des particules combustibles de carbure d'uranium et de thorium [...]  1, record 3, French, - c%26oelig%3Bur%20%C3%A0%20blocs%20prismatiques

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In the monolithic type pebble bed reactor, the dimension of the reactor core diameter becomes large, and nuclear control for a large-sized reactor having a large output scale is insufficient in a cooled state using only control elements(control rod, boron sphere) inserted into the reflector region. Furthermore, a reactor core control rod, which is forcibly inserted directly into the reactor core, is required in addition to the control elements inserted into the reflector region by gravity drop only. Moreover, cases have been reported that fuel spheres are broken if the control rod is inserted forcibly into the core because the pebble reactor core is full of fuel spheres accumulated inside the reactor core, which causes a serious drawback.  1, record 4, English, - pebble%20bed%20reactor%20core

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Dans un HTR [réacteur à haute température], le débit principal d'hélium (plus de 90 % du débit total) sert à refroidir le combustible et le modérateur, qui fournissent respectivement environ 90 % et 10 % de la puissance thermique du cœur. Les débits dérivés refroidissent les barres de contrôle et les structures latérales, dont le réflecteur. Dans un cœur à boulets, le réglage fin du débit par zone radiale de puissance n'est pas possible de par la conception.  1, record 4, French, - c%26oelig%3Bur%20%C3%A0%20boulets

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Fluidized bed combustion systems use a heated bed of sand-like material suspended(fluidized) within a rising column of air to burn many types and classes of fuel. This technique results in a vast improvement in combustion efficiency of high moisture content fuels, and is adaptable to a variety of "waste type" fuels. The scrubbing action of the bed material on the fuel particle enhances the combustion process by stripping away the carbon dioxide and char layers that normally form around the fuel particle. This allows oxygen to reach the combustible material much more readily and increases the rate and efficiency of the combustion process.  3, record 5, English, - fluidized%20bed%20system

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 2 CONT

... the Degrémont-ECI (Continuous Ion Exchange) process ... uses two types of apparatus generally combined in a single installation: The compacted bed system ... The fluidized bed system in which the resin is held in suspension in an upward flow of liquid.  4, record 5, English, - fluidized%20bed%20system

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[Le] procédé d'Échange Continu d'Ions (E.C.I.) Degrémont [...] met en œuvre deux sortes de dispositifs qui sont le plus souvent associés dans une même installation : Le système à lit compacté [...] Le système à lit fluidisé dans lequel la résine est maintenue en suspension dans le courant ascendant de liquide.  2, record 5, French, - syst%C3%A8me%20%C3%A0%20lit%20fluidis%C3%A9

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A reactor in which some or all of the materials(e. g. fuel, fertile material, moderator) are in the form of a stationary bed of small balls(i. e. pebbles) in contact with each other.  4, record 6, English, - pebble%20bed%20reactor

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

pebble bed reactor: term and definition standardized by ISO in 1997.  5, record 6, English, - pebble%20bed%20reactor

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 2 OBS

pebble-bed reactor: term extracted from the “Glossaire de l’énergie nucléaire” and reproduced with permission of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.  5, record 6, English, - pebble%20bed%20reactor

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Réacteur dans lequel tout ou partie des matériaux (c’est-à-dire combustible, matière fertile, modérateur) se trouvent sous forme d’un lit stationnaire de petites boules en contact les unes avec les autres.  3, record 6, French, - r%C3%A9acteur%20%C3%A0%20lit%20de%20boulets

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

réacteur à lit de boulets : terme et définition normalisés par l'ISO en 1997.  4, record 6, French, - r%C3%A9acteur%20%C3%A0%20lit%20de%20boulets

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 2 OBS

réacteur à lit de boulets : terme extrait du «Glossaire de l’énergie nucléaire» et reproduit avec l’autorisation de l’Organisation de coopération et de développement économiques.  4, record 6, French, - r%C3%A9acteur%20%C3%A0%20lit%20de%20boulets

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Refuse-derived fuel is used in dedicated refuse-derived fuel incinerators, in paper mill furnaces, in cement kilns, power plants and also in district heating plants. The main type of combustion system for refuse-derived fuel is the fluidised bed, where the waste-derived fuel is fed to bubbling bed of hot sans(typically at 800°C) where the waste combusts.  1, record 7, English, - refuse%2Dderived%20fuel%20incinerator

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS

combustible dérivé des déchets : Combustible produit à partir de matériaux rejetés, par exemple du méthane à partir de déchets agricoles, des combustibles solides à partir de déchets organiques compacts, etc.  2, record 7, French, - incin%C3%A9rateur%20%C3%A0%20combustibles%20d%C3%A9riv%C3%A9s%20des%20d%C3%A9chets

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 8,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A type of biomass combustion burner in which a pile of fuel burns on the grates.  2, record 8, English, - pile%20burner

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Primary combustion air comes from above the grates, not below.  2, record 8, English, - pile%20burner

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The boilers are fed wood fuel from the main fuel bin located adjacent to the boiler house. The boilers are the "pile burner" type, which burn wood in a large pile on the floor of a refractory lined furnace box. Combustion efficiency with this type of boiler is generally low but pile burners are simple and therefore relatively inexpensive. Low combustion efficiency also means that emissions such as particulates and carbon monoxide are relatively high. One notable advantage to these systems is that high moisture content fuels can be burned as well as "dirty" fuels containing debris.  3, record 8, English, - pile%20burner

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Pile burner : Boilers incorporating a pile burning design find applications where the anticipated wood fuel has a high(up to 65%) relative moisture content, as is found in whole green tree chips, bark, and green mill residue. Grates serve to support the fuel, and underfire air flowing up through the grates provides oxygen for combustion, cools the grates, promotes turbulence in the fuel bed, and dries the fuel. The most common form of pile burning is the Dutch oven, which was used almost exclusively during the early part of the century(Guinn and Turner 1990).  4, record 8, English, - pile%20burner

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le combustible de bois sec est mélangé à de la sciure de bois vert afin de produire un mélange de combustible qui convienne aux brûleurs de biomasse [...]  1, record 8, French, - br%C3%BBleur%20de%20biomasse

Record 8,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 9,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A vessel into which materials are fed, usually constructed in the form of an inverted pyramid or cone terminating in an opening through which the materials are discharged.  2, record 9, English, - hopper

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Chain-Grate and Traveling Grate Stokers... coal, fed from a hopper onto the moving grate, enters the furnace after passing under an adjustable gate to regulate the thickness of the fuel bed.  3, record 9, English, - hopper

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 OBS

[This vessel is] not primarily intended for storage.  2, record 9, English, - hopper

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Récipient dans lequel on introduit les matières, ayant en général la forme d'une pyramide ou d'un cône renversés se terminant en une ouverture par laquelle les matières sont déchargées.  2, record 9, French, - tr%C3%A9mie

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 OBS

[Ce récipient] n'est pas destiné en premier lieu au stockage.  2, record 9, French, - tr%C3%A9mie

Record 9,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 10,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The three types of catalytic cracking processes are fluid catalytic cracking (FCC), moving-bed catalytic cracking, and Thermofor catalytic cracking (TCC). ... In a typical Thermofor catalytic cracking unit, the preheated feedstock flows by gravity through the catalytic reactor bed. The vapors are separated from the catalyst and sent to a fractionating tower. The spent catalyst is regenerated, cooled, and recycled. The flue gas from regeneration is sent to a carbon-monoxide boiler for heat recovery.  3, record 10, English, - Thermofor%20catalytic%20cracking

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 2 CONT

In the early 1940s, Mobil commercialized a moving bed process called Thermofor Catalytic Cracking(TCC) and a new synthetic catalyst, which provided high octane aviation fuel for the Allied air effort throughout World War II.  4, record 10, English, - Thermofor%20catalytic%20cracking

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 PHR

TCCU [Thermofor catalytic cracking unit].  5, record 10, English, - Thermofor%20catalytic%20cracking

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 OBS

«Thermofor catalytic cracking» : dénomination d'un procédé de craquage catalytique à catalyseur mobile.  3, record 10, French, - craquage%20catalytique%20Thermofor

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 PHR

Unité TCC.  2, record 10, French, - craquage%20catalytique%20Thermofor

Record 10,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 11,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A fuel burnout combustor based on the fluidized bed principle.  5, record 11, English, - fluidized%20bed%20combustor

Record 11,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Figure 9 - Chaudière à tubes de fumées [...]  1, record 11, French, - chambre%20de%20combustion%20en%20lit%20fluidis%C3%A9

Record 11,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 12,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The most common way to utilize hog fuel is to combust it in large, conventional boilers with heat recovery(as steam) from water-walled boilers. The three principal manufacturers of hog fuel boilers are Foster-Wheeler, Babcox-Wilcox, and Combustion Engineering. Fluidized bed incinerators, such as those available from Copeland Processes Ltd., are also being used to a smaller extent.  3, record 12, English, - fluidized%20bed%20incinerator

Record 12,  Textual support,  French

Record 12,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 13,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... other heat-treating processes applied in sludge incineration are the flash drying incineration system and the fluidized bed reactor... A fluidized bed reactor uses a sand bed which is kept in fluid condition by an upflow of air, as a heat reservoir to promote uniform combustion of sludge solids. The bed is preheated to approximately 122 °F by using fuel oil or gas. When sludge cake is introduced, rapid combustion occurs maintaining an operating temperature of about 1500 °F.  1, record 13, English, - fluidized%20bed%20reactor

Record 13,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Four ne comportant pratiquement aucun organe mécanique en mouvement en contact avec les gaz chauds. Il permet une totale désodorisation des fumées mais au prix d'une perte de chaleur sensible non négligeable.  2, record 13, French, - four%20%C3%A0%20lit%20fluidis%C3%A9

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[Le] principe du four à lit fluidisé [...] consiste à introduire les boues dans un lit de matériau auxiliaire, généralement du sable, porté à une température de 700 à 800 degrés C et tenu en suspension (ou fluidisé) par un courant d'air ascendant injecté à sa base [...] Les matières boueuses introduites sont maintenues dans le four pendant un temps bref mais suffisant pour le séchage immédiat et la calcination.  3, record 13, French, - four%20%C3%A0%20lit%20fluidis%C3%A9

Record 13,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Horno de operación más compleja que el horno de piso pero que necesita menor espacio y menor consumo de combustible.  1, record 13, Spanish, - horno%20de%20lecho%20fluidificado

Record 14,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Grate firing; fixed bed combustion : The combustion of medium and large sized fuel supported on a stationary or movable grate.  1, record 14, English, - movable%20grate

Record 14,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Certaines chaudières [...] sont formées d'éléments juxtaposés. [...] Ces éléments sont, soit à grille fixe, soit à grille mobile. Si la grille est fixe, elle est parcourue comme les éléments par une circulation d'eau, et si elle est mobile, elle est constituée par des barreaux pleins, qu'on peut secouer du dehors par une manivelle pour évacuer les cendres qui tombent dans le cendrier.  2, record 14, French, - grille%20mobile

Record 14,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 15,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A layer of burning fuel, as on a furnace grate or a cupola.  4, record 15, English, - firebed

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Fuels and Fuel Bed.... Fuel bed thickness varies with the type and size of coal burned.  5, record 15, English, - firebed

Record 15,  Textual support,  French

Record 15,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 16,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Grate fired combustors. Grate-fired systems include both pile burners and spreader-stokers. Pile burners include the old-fashioned Dutch ovens(or Dietrich cells for bagasse and coffee grounds), Wellons cells, Lanb-Cargate wet cell or gasifier burners, and inclined grate systems. Spreader-stokers are distinguished by their feed mechanism, typically a windswept or pneumatic spout or paddle wheel located above the grate and the thin bed of fuel on the grate. The stoker mechanism spreads the fuel more or less uniformly across the grate. Grate fired systems may use flat or sloping grates, with inclined grates being the most severely sloping grate systems. Grates may be stationary or moving. They may be air cooled or water cooled. Ash removal from grates may be accomplished by moving arms, steam or air blowing systems, grate moving, or hand raking. Grate fired units may be refractory lined or waterwall furnaces, depending upon vendor and purpose.  1, record 16, English, - grate%2Dfired%20combustor

Record 16,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Système de combustion pour combustible muni d'une grille fixe ou mobile.  2, record 16, French, - foyer%20%C3%A0%20grille

Record 16,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 17,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... the spreader stoker projects fuel into the furnace over the fire with a uniform spreading action, permitting suspension burning of the fine fuel particles. The heavier pieces, that cannot be supported in the gas flow, fall to the grate for combustion in a thin fast-burning bed.  3, record 17, English, - spreader%20stoker

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Spreader stokers ... feed coal by rotors or paddles....  4, record 17, English, - spreader%20stoker

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 3 CONT

Grates for spreader stokers may be of several types. ... continuous ash discharging grate, such as the traveling grate, [the reciprocating and vibrating grates;] ... stationary grate and dumping grate ....  5, record 17, English, - spreader%20stoker

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Stokers are [also] classified according to the method of feeding fuel to the furnace, as 1. spreader, 2. underfeed, 3. chain grate or traveling grate, and 4. vibrating grate.  5, record 17, English, - spreader%20stoker

Record 17,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 DEF

(...) appareil [dans lequel] le combustible est projeté sur la grille au moyen d'un dispositif approprié, la grille étant situé à l'intérieur de la chaudière. L'air comburant primaire est soufflé sous la grille. Le décrassage a lieu en général manuellement.  5, record 17, French, - br%C3%BBleur%20%C3%A0%20projection

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Brûleurs à projection. (...) Ils comprennent, en outre: la grille fixe ou tournante à barreaux fixes ou oscillants, les dispositifs de distribution du charbon, l'organe de lancement du combustible (pelleteur oscillant ou rotatif à commande mécanique ou pneumatique), le mécanisme de commande et de réglage d'allure, le moteur d'entraînement du mécanisme.  5, record 17, French, - br%C3%BBleur%20%C3%A0%20projection

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 OBS

En anglais, on parle surtout du dispositif d'alimentation en combustible du foyer (stoker); en français, on parle plutôt de l'endroit où a lieu la combustion (foyer) et où est logé l'organe de combustion qu'est la grille. Il est à noter que selon le LAROG, le foyer "est à la fois un lieu et un ensemble d'appareils ou d'organes (...)". MOMON semble donc utiliser foyer et grille au sens de dispositif. Ainsi grille semble parfois désigner la partie (grate) ou dispositif d'alimentation du foyer ou le tout (stoker).  6, record 17, French, - br%C3%BBleur%20%C3%A0%20projection

Record 17,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 18,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Fluid Bed Calciner. A fluidized bed reburning system... The exhaust gases from the fluid bed are used to dry the lime mud, which is then collected in two cyclones and discharged into a surge bin. The dry lime mud is blown into the calcination bed where the fuel is being burned, and is almost instantaneously transformed into lime pellets. The heavy pellets fall into the cooling compartment, while the lighter dust is recycled with the air for drying the mud.  1, record 18, English, - fluid%20bed%20calciner

Record 18,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Four à calciner à lit fluidisé [...] système de calcination des boues de chaux à lit fluidisé [...] Les gaz s'échappant du lit fluide sont utilisés pour sécher la boue, qui est ensuite récupérée dans deux cyclones et rejetée dans une capacité tampon. La boue déshydratée est soufflée dans le lit de calcination où on brûle un combustible; elle se transforme presque instantanément en boulettes de chaux. Les boulettes assez lourdes tombent dans le compartiment de refroidissement, alors que les poussières sont recyclées avec l'air pour sécher la boue.  1, record 18, French, - four%20%C3%A0%20calciner%20%C3%A0%20lit%20fluidis%C3%A9

Record 18,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 19,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In fluidized beds and suspension gasification, there is continuous relative motion of the discrete solid particles, while in fixed bed gasifiers there is much slower stratified motion of the solid bed as a whole, generally downward by gravity. The gas can then pass either in the opposite direction to the fuel(updraft or counterflow gasifiers)... or in the same direction(downdraft or coflow gasifiers).... While fixed bed coal gasifiers are updraft, biomass gasifiers can be either updraft or downdraft, depending on the purpose for which the gas is to be used. Updraft gasifiers can use very wet wood, but because the pyrolysis products are immediately cooled, the gas contains up to 30% of tar and oil.  1, record 19, English, - updraft%20gasifier

Record 19,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Le plus simple appareil de gazéification, à l'air (...), où les gaz montent à travers une couche de bois fixe disposée sur une grille (...) La combustion partielle et la gazéification du charbon de bois se produisent au point le plus chaud, c'est-à-dire sur la grille; les gaz dégagés traversent la couche de bois en cours de pyrolyse puis de séchage en emmenant de l'eau, des matières pyroligneuses et des goudrons. Il faut que ces gaz sortent à température assez élevée pour empêcher les condensations. Il faut également que ces gaz soient utilisés, brûlés immédiatement. Mais la difficulté due à la présence de goudrons subsiste.  1, record 19, French, - gazog%C3%A8ne%20classique

Record 19,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 20,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A device that converts solid fuel to gas through a bed in which solid particles are suspended in a moving fluid and progressively carried over in the effluent stream.  4, record 20, English, - entrained%20bed%20gasifier

Record 20,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Un dispositif [réacteur] à lit entraîné peut conduire à une excellente efficacité de transport thermique avec une circulation permanente d'un mélange de particules de bois et de vapeur d'eau dans un réacteur tubulaire. La vapeur d'eau conduit également à une augmentation du rendement en hydrogène.  2, record 20, French, - r%C3%A9acteur%20%C3%A0%20lit%20entra%C3%AEn%C3%A9

Record 20,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 21,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Coal can be burned more efficiently by a mechanical stoker than by hand firing because the stoker provides a uniform fuel feed rate, better distribution in the fuel bed and positive control of the air supplied for combustion.  2, record 21, English, - hand%20firing

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Hand firing. There are many acceptable hand-firing methods. With highly volatile coals, the objective is to leave a suitable bed of glowing fuel to ignite the gases as they are driven off from the fresh coal charge.... But,... with any hand-fired solid fuel, the fire is continuous and overtemperature conditions are difficult to control unless the fire is continually attended.  3, record 21, English, - hand%20firing

Record 21,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La chauffe à la main est une opération délicate et souvent pénible, exigeant une formation spéciale et de la pratique; elle est très utilement guidée par l'emploi d'appareils de contrôle de chauffe.  1, record 21, French, - chauffe%20%C3%A0%20main

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Chauffe : Opération consistant à produire par combustion la chaleur nécessaire à un chauffage industriel ou domestique et, plus particulièrement, à conduire cette combustion  1, record 21, French, - chauffe%20%C3%A0%20main

Record 21,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 22,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Spreader Stokers.... coal is continually projected into the furnace above an ignited fuel bed.  1, record 22, English, - ignited%20fuel%20bed

Record 22,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Combustion "underfeed". Ici l'air comburant traverse le charbon incandescent après le charbon froid. L'air comburant et le combustible progressent dans le même sens. Toutes les matières volatiles brûlent en traversant la couche en ignition.  2, record 22, French, - couche%20en%20ignition

Record 22,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 23,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Coal, fed from a hopper onto the moving grate, enters the furnace after passing under an adjustable gate to regulate the thickness of the fuel bed.  2, record 23, English, - coal%20hopper

Record 23,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 OBS

trémie à charbon : terme uniformisé par CP Rail.  3, record 23, French, - tr%C3%A9mie%20%C3%A0%20charbon

Record 23,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 24,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Chain-Grate and Traveling-Grate Stokers.... The operation of each type is similar. Coal, fed from a hopper onto the moving grate, enters the furnace after passing under an adjustable gate to regulate the thickness of the fuel bed.  2, record 24, English, - moving%20grate

Record 24,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 DEF

(...) tapis métallique roulant qui entraîne [le combustible neuf] vers le foyer.  2, record 24, French, - grille%20roulante

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Chaudières à combustion "cross-feed". Ces chaudières sont essentiellement des chaudières à grilles mécaniques dans lesquelles le charbon, emmagasiné dans une trémie, est véhiculé sur une grille roulante vers le foyer de la chaudière (...).  3, record 24, French, - grille%20roulante

Record 24,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 25,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A coal-burning system in which... coal is fed from beneath the burning fuel bed.  4, record 25, English, - underfeed%20stoker

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Underfeed Stokers ... are classified as horizontal feed and gravity feed.  5, record 25, English, - underfeed%20stoker

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Stokers are [also] classified according to the method of feeding fuel to the furnace, as: 1. spreader, 2. underfeed, 3. chain grate of traveling grate, and 4. vibrating grate.  5, record 25, English, - underfeed%20stoker

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 OBS

A stoker feeds fuel to the combustion chamber and usually supplies air for combustion under automatic control.  6, record 25, English, - underfeed%20stoker

Record 25,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Combustion à chargement par le bas (underfeed): On trouve de bas en haut: l'arrivée d'air, la grille, le charbon froid et le charbon incandescent. Toutes les matières volatiles brûlent en passant sur le charbon incandescent. Deux modes principaux de chargement par le bas: 1. foyer à poussoir (...) 2. foyer à vis (...).  7, record 25, French, - grille%20%C3%A0%20alimentation%20inf%C3%A9rieure

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Chaudières à combustion "underfeed". Dans ce type de chaudières, le charbon progresse de bas en haut dans le même sens que l'air primaire introduit sous la grille. L'air primaire traverse alors successivement le charbon froid. Le charbon qui distille et le charbon incandescent. Les matières volatiles dégagées par le charbon qui distille sont alors brûlées au contact du charbon incandescent. Ce type de foyer permet donc de brûler des combustibles à haute teneur en matières volatiles, tels que les charbons gras, les flambants secs, voire les flambants gras.  8, record 25, French, - grille%20%C3%A0%20alimentation%20inf%C3%A9rieure

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 3 OBS

En anglais, on parle surtout du dispositif d'alimentation en combustible du foyer (stoker); en français, on parle plutôt de l'endroit où a lieu la combustion (foyer) et où est logé l'organe de combustion qui est la grille. Il est à noter que selon le LAROG, le foyer "est à la fois un lieu et un ensemble d'appareils ou d'organes (...)". MOMON semble donc utiliser foyer et grille au sens de dispositif. Ainsi, grille semble parfois désigner la partie (grate) du dispositif d'alimentation du foyer ou le tout (stoker).  4, record 25, French, - grille%20%C3%A0%20alimentation%20inf%C3%A9rieure

Record 25,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 26,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Underfeed stokers introduce the raw coal into a retort beneath the burning fuel bed. They are classified as horizontal feed and gravity feed.... in the gravity feed type the retort is inclined by 25 deg.... gravity feed stokers are designed with multiple retorts.  1, record 26, English, - gravity%20feed%20stoker

Record 26,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Brûleurs à combustibles solides. (...) Types d'alimentation. Alimentation naturelle (par gravité). Alimentation mécanique (...) Les brûleurs à gravité. L'ensemble chaudière-brûleur comprend: - une réserve de combustible (24 heures de fonctionnement), - un foyer de combustion, - une arrivée d'air primaire et une arrivée d'air secondaire (...).  1, record 26, French, - br%C3%BBleur%20%C3%A0%20gravit%C3%A9

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Il existe également des foyers automatiques, dits "avant-foyers:, (...).  2, record 26, French, - br%C3%BBleur%20%C3%A0%20gravit%C3%A9

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 2 OBS

En anglais, on parle surtout du dispositif d'alimentation en combustible du foyer (stoker); en français, on parle plutôt de l'endroit où a lieu la combustion (foyer) et où est logé l'organe de combustion qu' est la grille. Il est à noter que selon le LAROG, le foyer "est à la fois un lieu et un ensemble d'appareils ou d'organes (...)". MOMON utilise foyer au sens de dispositif.  5, record 26, French, - br%C3%BBleur%20%C3%A0%20gravit%C3%A9

Record 26,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 27,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Underfeed stokers introduce the raw coal into a retort beneath the burning fuel bed. They are classified as horizontal feed and gravity feed. In the horizontal type, coal travels within the furnace in a retort which is parallel with the floor.... Most horizontal feed stokers are designed with single or double retorts(rarely, with triple retorts).... The single-retort or double-retort horizontal stokers are generally used to service boilers with capacities up to 13 620 kg/h.  1, record 27, English, - single%2Dretort%20horizontal%20stoker

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 OBS

On the side-ash-discharge underfeed stoker fuel is fed from the hopper by means of a reciprocating ram to a central trough called the retort. On very small heating stokers, a screw conveys the coal from the hopper to the retort.  3, record 27, English, - single%2Dretort%20horizontal%20stoker

Record 27,  Textual support,  French

Record 27,  Textual support,  Spanish