TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The moisture content of the top layer of coniferous needles and twigs covering the forest floor is one of the factors of forest fire danger which must be determined accurately if fire danger in such timber types is to be measured.... For daily use at numerous field stations, where duff is a forest fire fuel of material significance, some instrumental method giving an immediate indication of duff moisture is necessary. To meet this need [a member] of the U. S. [United States] Forest Products Laboratory, in 1923, invented an instrument called a duff hygrometer.  2, record 1, English, - duff%20hygrometer

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Instrument servant à mesurer la teneur en humidité de la couverture morte et de l'humus brut, notamment en vue de la défense contre les incendies.  1, record 1, French, - hygrom%C3%A8tre%20%C3%A0%20humus%20brut

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A description of the fuel properties that are important for assessing potential fire behaviour(e. g. fuel arrangement, fuel load, fuel moisture content).  2, record 2, English, - fuel%20description

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Description des propriétés déterminantes d'un combustible [qui permet] d'évaluer le comportement potentiel d'un incendie (ex. : disposition, quantité, teneur en humidité).  1, record 2, French, - description%20du%20combustible

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The Canadian Forest Fire Weather Index(FWI) System consists of six components that account for the effects of fuel moisture and weather conditions on fire behavior. The first three components are fuel moisture codes, which are numeric ratings of the moisture content of the forest floor and other dead organic matter. Their values rise as the moisture content decreases. There is one fuel moisture code for each of three layers of fuel : litter and other fine fuels; loosely compacted organic layers of moderate depth; and deep, compact organic layers. The remaining three components are fire behavior indices, which represent the rate of fire spread, the fuel available for combustion, and the frontal fire intensity; these three values rise as the fire danger increases.  1, record 3, English, - Canadian%20Forest%20Fire%20Weather%20Index%20System

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

La Méthode canadienne de l'indice forêt météo (IFM) est formée de six composantes qui tiennent compte des effets de la teneur en eau des combustibles et des conditions météorologiques sur le comportement du feu. Les trois premières composantes sont des indices d'humidité des combustibles; ce sont des valeurs numériques de la teneur en eau de la litière et d'autres matières organiques mortes. Leur valeur augmente à mesure que la teneur en eau diminue. Il existe un indice d’humidité des combustibles pour chacune des trois couches de combustibles : litière et autres combustibles légers, couches organiques peu tassées de moyenne épaisseur, et épaisses couches organiques compactes. Les trois autres composantes sont des indices de comportement du feu qui représentent la vitesse de propagation du feu, les quantités de combustibles disponibles et l'intensité du feu sur le front de l'incendie; la valeur de ces trois indices est directement proportionnelle au danger d'incendie.  1, record 3, French, - M%C3%A9thode%20canadienne%20de%20l%27indice%20for%C3%AAt%2Dm%C3%A9t%C3%A9o

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

... cost to the right to emit one tonne of carbon dioxide equivalent into the atmosphere.  2, record 6, English, - carbon%20pricing

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

There are two main types of carbon pricing : a carbon tax applied to the carbon content of fossil fuels and a cap-and-trade system. Carbon pricing improves the relative competitiveness of renewable energy sources compared to fossil fuel sources.  2, record 6, English, - carbon%20pricing

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[...] prix sur le droit d'émettre l'équivalent d'une tonne de dioxyde de carbone dans l'atmosphère.  2, record 6, French, - tarification%20du%20carbone

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Il y a deux types principaux de tarification du carbone : la taxe sur le carbone contenu dans les combustibles fossiles et le système de plafonnement et d'échange de droits d'émission. La tarification du carbone améliore la compétitivité relative des sources d'énergie renouvelable comparativement aux combustibles fossiles.  2, record 6, French, - tarification%20du%20carbone

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 2 CONT

[...] la tarification du carbone doit envoyer un signal économique fort à même de stimuler les investissements dans des solutions à faibles émissions.  3, record 6, French, - tarification%20du%20carbone

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Al encarecer las fuentes de energías contaminantes frente a las fuentes limpias, la tarificación del carbono ofrece incentivos para la mejora de la eficiencia energética y a la reorientación de los esfuerzos de innovación hacia tecnologías verdes.  1, record 6, Spanish, - tarificaci%C3%B3n%20del%20carbono

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The oxygen sensor(also known as an O₂ sensor, lambda sensor, or EGO sensor) is one of the most critical sensors on a fuel-injected engine. It resembles a spark plug and is located in the exhaust manifold between the turbo and catalytic converter. When at operating temperature it becomes a miniature battery which generates a voltage based on the differential between the oxygen content of the exhaust gas and the oxygen content of the ambient air. By this method it measures the amount of oxygen in the exhaust stream, allowing the ECM to compensate to some degree for various fuel grades, engine wear, altitude changes, usage of oxygenated fuel, and more. Another big benefit is the ability to keep emissions of carbon monoxide, oxides of nitrogen, and unburned hydrocarbons as low as possible.  3, record 7, English, - oxygen%20sensor

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS

oxygen sensor: term officially approved by the Lexicon Project Committee (New Brunswick).  9, record 7, English, - oxygen%20sensor

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La consommation de carburant et l'émission de gaz polluants peut être drastiquement réduite en ajustant aussi précisément que possible le mélange air/essence qui alimente le moteur. Le dosage optimum (14.7 kg d'air pour 1 kg de carburant) correspond à l'indice 1 d'un coefficient arbitrairement choisi, appelé Lambda; ce mélange est aussi appelé stœchiométrique. Afin de mesurer précisément ce dosage, un capteur d'oxygène est placé en sortie de moteur, avant le catalyseur. Ce capteur est relié au calculateur (ECU), et renseigne en permanence ce dernier sur la proportion de dioxygène (O2) à l'issue de la combustion du mélange air/essence. Si le mélange est pauvre, le dioxygène est en excès et vis versa.  3, record 7, French, - sonde%20d%27oxyg%C3%A8ne%20des%20gaz%20d%27%C3%A9chappement

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS

capteur d'oxygène : terme uniformisé par le Comité du projet de lexiques (Nouveau-Brunswick).  6, record 7, French, - sonde%20d%27oxyg%C3%A8ne%20des%20gaz%20d%27%C3%A9chappement

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 8,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The ecoABC Initiative is a federal $200 million four-year program ending on March 31, 2011 that provides repayable contributions for the construction or expansion of transportation biofuel production facilities. Funding is conditional upon agricultural producer investment in the biofuel projects, and the use of agricultural feedstock to produce the biofuel. The ecoABC Initiative is delivered nationally by Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada. It is designed to provide an opportunity for agricultural producers to diversify their economic base and participate in the biofuels industry through equity investment/ownership in biofuels production facilities. As well, ecoABC will help achieve the federal government's goal of reaching an average of 5% renewable content in gasoline by 2010 and 2% renewable content in diesel fuel and heating oil by 2012.  1, record 8, English, - ecoAgriculture%20Biofuels%20Capital%20Initiative

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 OBS

L'Initiative pour un investissement écoagricole dans les biocarburants est un programme fédéral pluriannuel de 200 millions de dollars qui prendra fin le 31 mars 2011 et qui accorde des contributions remboursables pour la construction ou l'agrandissement d'installations de production de biocarburants de transport. Pour l'obtenir, les producteurs agricoles doivent s'engager à investir dans les projets de production de biocarburants et à utiliser des matières premières agricoles pour produire les biocarburants. Agriculture et Agroalimentaire Canada assure la mise en œuvre de l'initiative à l'échelle nationale. Celle-ci permettra aux producteurs de diversifier leur base économique et de participer à l'industrie des biocarburants en investissant des capitaux et en devenant propriétaires d'installations de production de biocarburants. De plus, l'IIEB favorisera l'atteinte de l'objectif du gouvernement fédéral, soit une moyenne de contenu de carburant renouvelable de 5 p. 100 dans l'essence d'ici 2010 et de 2 p. 100 dans le carburant diésel et l'huile de chauffage d'ici 2012.  1, record 8, French, - Initiative%20pour%20un%20investissement%20%C3%A9coagricole%20dans%20les%20biocarburants

Record 8,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 9,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Fluidized bed combustion systems use a heated bed of sand-like material suspended(fluidized) within a rising column of air to burn many types and classes of fuel. This technique results in a vast improvement in combustion efficiency of high moisture content fuels, and is adaptable to a variety of "waste type" fuels. The scrubbing action of the bed material on the fuel particle enhances the combustion process by stripping away the carbon dioxide and char layers that normally form around the fuel particle. This allows oxygen to reach the combustible material much more readily and increases the rate and efficiency of the combustion process.  3, record 9, English, - fluidized%20bed%20system

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 2 CONT

... the Degrémont-ECI (Continuous Ion Exchange) process ... uses two types of apparatus generally combined in a single installation: The compacted bed system ... The fluidized bed system in which the resin is held in suspension in an upward flow of liquid.  4, record 9, English, - fluidized%20bed%20system

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[Le] procédé d'Échange Continu d'Ions (E.C.I.) Degrémont [...] met en œuvre deux sortes de dispositifs qui sont le plus souvent associés dans une même installation : Le système à lit compacté [...] Le système à lit fluidisé dans lequel la résine est maintenue en suspension dans le courant ascendant de liquide.  2, record 9, French, - syst%C3%A8me%20%C3%A0%20lit%20fluidis%C3%A9

Record 9,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 10,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Hulls(husks). The hulls are valueless as food, not only because of their low nutritive value, but because their high silicon content renders them harmful to the digestive and respiratory organs of animals... The chief use of hulls is as fuel to supply power for the mill...  2, record 10, English, - rice%20husk

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 2 OBS

rice husk; rice hull: terms extracted from the “Glossaire de l’agriculture” and reproduced with permission of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.  3, record 10, English, - rice%20husk

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Enveloppe du grain de riz.  3, record 10, French, - %C3%A9corce%20de%20riz

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les balles de riz servent de combustible et leurs cendres d'engrais.  4, record 10, French, - %C3%A9corce%20de%20riz

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 OBS

écorce de riz; balle de riz : termes extraits du «Glossaire de l’agriculture» et reproduits avec l’autorisation de l’Organisation de coopération et de développement économiques.  3, record 10, French, - %C3%A9corce%20de%20riz

Record 10,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 11,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The achievement of an approximately uniform neutron flux density in a reactor core, for example, by the introduction of neutron absorbers or nuclear fuel of low fissile content.  1, record 11, English, - flux%20flattening

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 OBS

flux flattening: term and definition standardized by ISO.  2, record 11, English, - flux%20flattening

Record 11,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Obtention d'une densité de flux de neutrons approximativement uniforme dans le cœur d'un réacteur, par exemple par l'introduction d'absorbeurs de neutrons ou de combustible nucléaire de faible teneur en substance fissile.  1, record 11, French, - aplatissement%20du%20flux

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 OBS

aplatissement du flux : terme et définition normalisés par l'ISO.  2, record 11, French, - aplatissement%20du%20flux

Record 11,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 12,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The function of the Rod Scanning Unit is to check for alpha contamination on the fuel rods, to inspect the pellet stacking inside the fuel rods, and to assess pellet-to-pellet variations in the rods. After receipt and identification of a rod tray, each rod is sequentially inspected. Each rod passes successively through three measuring cells : Gamma transmission cell for inspecting internal pellet stacking. Alpha counting cell for performing an alpha contamination check. Active gamma scanning cell for assessing plutonium content.  1, record 12, English, - active%20gamma%20scanning

Record 12,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[...] des techniques spécifiques sont mises en œuvre : radiographie, radiographie numérique, contrôle par ultrasons pour vérifier la santé interne de soudures, gammascanning (actif ou passif), gammagraphie, et autres pour vérifier le contenu des crayons, test d'étanchéité à l'hélium. Le gammascanning actif consiste à activer légèrement la matière fissile (235U) à l'aide d'une source de neutrons puis à en mesurer l'effet par comptage du rayonnement gamma rétrodiffusé qui est proportionnel au contenu en 235U, on vérifie ainsi l'enrichissement mais aussi l'absence d'anomalies dimensionnelles, d'éclats ou autres manques de matière fissile.  1, record 12, French, - gammascanning%20actif

Record 12,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 13,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 DEF

accessories: System components forming the functioning integral part of an aircraft.  2, record 13, English, - accessory

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 OBS

In the case of the fuel system(for example) [accessories] would include pumps, valves, content gauges and flowmeters, but not tanks or pipelines.  2, record 13, English, - accessory

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 PHR

Accessory drive, drive gearbox, gearbox, unit.  3, record 13, English, - accessory

Record 13,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 DEF

accessoires : Composantes de système intégrées aux circuits de l'avion.  2, record 13, French, - accessoire

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 OBS

accessoire : terme uniformisé par le Comité d'uniformisation de la terminologie aéronautique (CUTA) - Maintenance.  3, record 13, French, - accessoire

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 PHR

Bloc, boîte de relais, boîtier de relais d'accessoires, boîte d'entraînement des accessoires.  2, record 13, French, - accessoire

Record 13,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Cualquier mecanismo, equipo, parte, aparato o dispositivo, incluyendo equipo de comunicaciones que no es fundamental para el funcionamiento de un producto aeronáutico.  1, record 13, Spanish, - accesorio

Record 14,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The assumed boron content which would lead to an absorption of neutrons equal to that of a given impurity of a reactor material, particularly fuel.  1, record 14, English, - boron%20equivalent

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 OBS

boron equivalent: term and definition standardized by ISO.  2, record 14, English, - boron%20equivalent

Record 14,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Teneur supposée de bore qui entraînerait une absorption de neutrons égale à celle d'une impureté donnée d'un matériau de réacteur, notamment du combustible.  1, record 14, French, - %C3%A9quivalent%20en%20bore

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 OBS

équivalent en bore : terme et définition normalisés par l'ISO.  2, record 14, French, - %C3%A9quivalent%20en%20bore

Record 14,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 15,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[A] liquid hydrocarbon-based fuel, even if the fuel has renewable fuel content, but does not include renewable fuel.  2, record 15, English, - liquid%20petroleum%20fuel

Record 15,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Carburant liquide à base d’hydrocarbure qui ne constitue pas du carburant renouvelable, même lorsqu’il en contient.  2, record 15, French, - carburant%20%C3%A0%20base%20de%20p%C3%A9trole%20liquide

Record 15,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 16,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The Helikon vortex separation process is an aerodynamic uranium enrichment process designed around a device called a vortex tube. This method was designed and used in South Africa for producing reactor fuel with a uranium-235 content of around 3–5% in addition to making 80–93% enrichment for the weapons program.  1, record 16, English, - Helikon%20vortex%20separation%20process

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The Uranium Enrichment Corporation of South Africa, Ltd. (UCOR) … developed the process …  1, record 16, English, - Helikon%20vortex%20separation%20process

Record 16,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[…] le procédé de séparation UCOR par vortex […] est de type aérodynamique et peut être qualifié de «procédé de centrifugation à paroi fixe»[.] […] un mélange gazeux est injecté dans un tube de révolution suivant une direction non radiale, de façon à y pénétrer avec une forte composante de vitesse tangentielle, ce qui induit la rotation du gaz dans le tube, d’où une force centrifuge et un effet séparatif. L’efficacité de la séparation est d’autant meilleure que la rotation du gaz est rapide, ce qui nécessite l’utilisation d’un gaz porteur léger lorsque la séparation concerne des isotopes lourds.  1, record 16, French, - proc%C3%A9d%C3%A9%20de%20s%C3%A9paration%20UCOR%20par%20vortex

Record 16,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 18,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The percentage of the total energy content of a fuel that is actually converted to useful energy.  2, record 18, English, - efficiency

Record 18,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Pourcentage du contenu énergétique total d'un combustible effectivement transformé en énergie utile.  1, record 18, French, - rendement

Record 18,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 19,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The amount of residue of a material left after incineration, determined and expressed according to the appropriate standard method of test. [Definition standardized by ISO.]  2, record 19, English, - ash%20content

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Crude oils and their products, such as heavy fuel oil are low in ash content(less than 0. 1%).  3, record 19, English, - ash%20content

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 OBS

ash content: term used at Natural Resources Canada - Earth Sciences Sector.  4, record 19, English, - ash%20content

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 2 OBS

ash content: term standardized by ISO.  5, record 19, English, - ash%20content

Record 19,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Quantité de résidu subsistant après l'incinération d'un matériau, déterminée et exprimée selon la méthode d'essai normalisée appropriée. [Définition normalisée par l'ISO.]  3, record 19, French, - teneur%20en%20cendres

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les teneurs en cendres des combustibles et notamment des combustibles solides, tels que les charbons, conditionnent souvent la bonne marche des installations. Les cendres peuvent en effet entraver le passage de l'air à travers la couche de combustible et se déposer sur les grilles pour donner des mâchefers.  4, record 19, French, - teneur%20en%20cendres

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 OBS

teneur en cendres; taux de cendres : termes en usage à Ressources naturelles Canada - Secteur des sciences de la Terre.  5, record 19, French, - teneur%20en%20cendres

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 2 OBS

teneur en cendres : terme normalisé par l'ISO.  6, record 19, French, - teneur%20en%20cendres

Record 19,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 20,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 DEF

… the consideration of the reduction in reactivity associated with the use of the fuel in power reactors.  3, record 20, English, - burnup%20credit

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Changes in the isotopic composition during fuel burnup which result in a reduced reactivity can be conveniently characterized by the reduction of the net fissile content, the build-up of actinides, the increase of the concentration of fission products, and the reduction of burnable absorber concentration where applicable. In practice, the conservative use of burnup credit requires consideration of all fissile isotopes, and allows consideration of any neutron absorbing isotopes for which properties and quantities are known with sufficient certainty.  3, record 20, English, - burnup%20credit

Record 20,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Pour des combustibles usés, différence entre la réactivité calculée comme s’ils étaient neufs et celle tenant compte de leur composition réelle.  1, record 20, French, - cr%C3%A9dit%20burnup

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Durant ces dernières années, un effort de recherche important a été consacré au «crédit burn-up» qui a pour objectif de prendre en considération l’irradiation des combustibles nucléaires dans les calculs de criticité, cette prise en considération permettant, sans risque de criticité, d’augmenter les quantités de combustibles usés dans les emballages de transport ou dans les installations de retraitement. Jusqu’au début des années 1990, de façon pénalisante, le combustible usé était considéré comme neuf pour dimensionner les emballages de transports et les installations. Aujourd’hui, ce «crédit burn-up» n’est encore que partiellement utilisé et des études se poursuivent pour en généraliser l’usage.  2, record 20, French, - cr%C3%A9dit%20burnup

Record 20,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 21,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Ranging from less than 20 to more than 98 percent in carbon content, coal is the most carbon-rich fossil fuel. The industrial era's heavy combustion of these fuels is short-circuiting the global carbon cycle, building up atmospheric CO₂ concentrations to their highest point in 420, 000 years.  2, record 21, English, - carbon%2Drich%20fossil%20fuel

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 2 CONT

"Intervention" scenarios are designed to examine the impact of efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. They depend not only on assumptions about population and economic growth, but also about how future societies would respond to the introduction of climate change policies such as taxes on carbon-rich fossil fuels.  3, record 21, English, - carbon%2Drich%20fossil%20fuel

Record 21,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les scénarios d'«intervention», visent à étudier l'impact des efforts déployés pour réduire les émissions de gaz à effet de serre. Ils reposent non seulement sur des hypothèses concernant la croissance démographique et économique mais aussi sur la manière dont les sociétés réagiront à l'avenir à l'introduction de politiques telles que les taxes sur les combustibles fossiles riches en carbone.  2, record 21, French, - combustible%20fossile%20riche%20en%20carbone

Record 21,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 22,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 CONT

If the sludge cake from vacuum filter is of sufficiently low moisture content and the sludge has a sufficiently high B. T. U. value, then the heat given off by the burning sludge will be generously sufficient to evaporate all the moisture from the incoming sludge cake and result in completely dry sludge going to the burning compartment in which case the system is self-supporting and no auxiliary fuel required.  1, record 22, English, - self%2Dsupporting%20system

Record 22,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Dans l'incinération, une quantité de chaleur importante est fournie par la combustion des matières organiques des boues. Elle peut, dans certains cas, être suffisante pour apporter toutes les calories nécessaires à l'intention de la combustion; les boues sont dites alors autocombustibles.  1, record 22, French, - boue%20autocombustible

Record 22,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 23,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Any used fuel will still contain some of the original U-235 as well as various plutonium isotopes which have been formed inside the reactor core, and the U-238. In total these account for some 96% of the original uranium and over half of the original energy content(ignoring U-238). Reprocessing, undertaken in Europe and Russia, separates this uranium and plutonium from the wastes so that they can be recycled for re-use in a nuclear reactor as a mixed oxide(MOX) fuel. This is the "closed fuel cycle".  1, record 23, English, - closed%20fuel%20cycle

Record 23,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Après son utilisation en centrale dans le réacteur nucléaire, le combustible peut soit être recyclé (cycle fermé) soit évacué (cycle ouvert). En aval de son cycle, après avoir été utilisé pour la production d'électricité, le combustible nucléaire peut être retraité afin de recycler les matières encore valorisables qu'il contient, pour produire à nouveau de l'électricité. On parle alors de cycle du combustible fermé. À l'issue du retraitement, première étape du recyclage, on obtient 97 % de combustible réutilisable - sous forme d'uranium et de plutonium - et 3 % de déchets. On peut aussi ne pas recycler les matières encore valorisables et évacuer le combustible usé après conditionnement, on parle alors de cycle du combustible ouvert et d'évacuation directe.  1, record 23, French, - cycle%20du%20combustible%20ferm%C3%A9

Record 23,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 24,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The neutron collar... is used to determine the uranium-235 content of fresh fuel for light water reactors. A neutron source(californium) causes the uranium-235 to fission whereupon it emits two or more neutrons at the same time. These coincident neutrons coming from the fission of uranium are detected in the collar which, in normal operation, would surround the fuel assembly. The detectors are capable of distinguishing the coincident fission neutrons from those originating from the californium source or from elsewhere.  1, record 24, English, - coincident%20neutron

Record 24,  Textual support,  French

Record 24,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 25,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A number in an arithmetical scale, determined from fuel moisture content, wind speed, and other selected factors that affect burning conditions, and from which ease of ignition of fires and their probable behaviour may be estimated.  2, record 25, English, - burning%20index

Record 25,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Estimation numérique, généralement sur une échelle de 1 à 10, de la combustibilité des produits forestiers dans un contexte de risque d'incendie. Pour établir ce calcul, certains paramètres, tels que le vent, la température, l'humidité relative sont pris en compte.  3, record 25, French, - indice%20de%20br%C3%BBlage

Record 25,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 26,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Wood, used for fuel, that has been air dried so that it contains 15 to 20 percent moisture content(wet basis).  3, record 26, English, - seasoned%20wood

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 2 DEF

Wood that has been dried to a certain moisture content to improve its serviceability.  4, record 26, English, - seasoned%20wood

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 OBS

According to the grading standards of the Western Wood Products Association, seasoned softwood lumber is defined as having a moisture content of 19 percent (ovendry basis) or less (17).  4, record 26, English, - seasoned%20wood

Record 26,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Bois qui a été soumis au séchage naturel ou artificiel.  2, record 26, French, - bois%20dess%C3%A9ch%C3%A9

Record 26,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 27,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A type of biomass combustion burner in which a pile of fuel burns on the grates.  2, record 27, English, - pile%20burner

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Primary combustion air comes from above the grates, not below.  2, record 27, English, - pile%20burner

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The boilers are fed wood fuel from the main fuel bin located adjacent to the boiler house. The boilers are the "pile burner" type, which burn wood in a large pile on the floor of a refractory lined furnace box. Combustion efficiency with this type of boiler is generally low but pile burners are simple and therefore relatively inexpensive. Low combustion efficiency also means that emissions such as particulates and carbon monoxide are relatively high. One notable advantage to these systems is that high moisture content fuels can be burned as well as "dirty" fuels containing debris.  3, record 27, English, - pile%20burner

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Pile burner : Boilers incorporating a pile burning design find applications where the anticipated wood fuel has a high(up to 65%) relative moisture content, as is found in whole green tree chips, bark, and green mill residue. Grates serve to support the fuel, and underfire air flowing up through the grates provides oxygen for combustion, cools the grates, promotes turbulence in the fuel bed, and dries the fuel. The most common form of pile burning is the Dutch oven, which was used almost exclusively during the early part of the century(Guinn and Turner 1990).  4, record 27, English, - pile%20burner

Record 27,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le combustible de bois sec est mélangé à de la sciure de bois vert afin de produire un mélange de combustible qui convienne aux brûleurs de biomasse [...]  1, record 27, French, - br%C3%BBleur%20de%20biomasse

Record 27,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 28,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A tax levied on all fossil fuels in proportion to the amount of carbon dioxide that is released as they burn.  4, record 28, English, - carbon%20tax

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Greenhouse gases other than carbon dioxide are estimated in carbon (dioxide) equivalent.  5, record 28, English, - carbon%20tax

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Carbon taxes discourage the use of fossil fuels and aim to reduce carbon dioxide emissions by placing a surcharge on the carbon content of oil, coal, and gas.  6, record 28, English, - carbon%20tax

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 3 OBS

In this form of fuel tax, the level of taxation is determined by the carbon content of each fuel. Users of natural gas would pay less than users of petroleum gasoline(Source : Mintzer, 1992).  7, record 28, English, - carbon%20tax

Record 28,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[...] une taxe sur la teneur en carbone du pétrole, du charbon et du gaz découragerait l'utilisation des combustibles fossiles et réduirait ainsi les émissions de dioxyde de carbone. Un certain nombre de pays industrialisés ont déjà tenté d'instaurer une taxe sur le carbone. De nombreux économistes estiment que cette taxe pourrait entraîner une réduction des émissions de CO₂ à un coût minimum. Toutefois, comme les taxes laissent les particuliers et les entreprises libres de leur choix, elle ne garantit pas absolument que le niveau d'émissions prescrit sera atteint. Pour être efficace, la taxe doit être bien conçue et bien gérée.  2, record 28, French, - taxe%20sur%20les%20%C3%A9missions%20carboniques

Record 28,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 29,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A special grade of gas-oil with an extra-low sulfur content, used as a fuel for [diesel engine road] vehicles.  1, record 29, English, - DERV

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Derv: An acronym for diesel engine road vehicle which is now commonly used to refer to a high quality automatic diesel fuel rather than the vehicle itself.  3, record 29, English, - DERV

Record 29,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Carburant pour les véhicules Diesel.  1, record 29, French, - gas%2Doil%20moteur

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 OBS

gasoil : Cette graphie, puisée des Rectifications de l'orthographe recommandées par le Conseil supérieur de la langue française, est attestée dans le Petit Robert (2004).  2, record 29, French, - gas%2Doil%20moteur

Record 29,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 30,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A figure which indicates the ignition quality of diesel fuel.  2, record 30, English, - diesel%20index

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Paraffins have high diesel indices, and aromatics low indices. The diesel index is usually calculated from laboratory measurements of specific gravity and aromatic content. A figure of 60 or above indicates a good diesel fuel; one of 40 or below indicates an unsatisfactory fuel.  2, record 30, English, - diesel%20index

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Plural: diesel indices.  3, record 30, English, - diesel%20index

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 2 OBS

diesel index: term standardized by ISO.  4, record 30, English, - diesel%20index

Record 30,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Nombre caractérisant l'aptitude d'un combustible à s'enflammer dans un moteur Diesel.  1, record 30, French, - indice%20Diesel

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 OBS

[L'indice diesel] se calcule en multipliant le point d'aniline par la densité en degrés API et en divisant par 100.  3, record 30, French, - indice%20Diesel

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 2 OBS

On écrirait mieux «diésel».  4, record 30, French, - indice%20Diesel

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 3 OBS

diésel : Cette graphie, puisée des Rectifications de l'orthographe recommandées par le Conseil supérieur de la langue française, est attestée dans le Petit Robert (2004).  5, record 30, French, - indice%20Diesel

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 4 OBS

indice diesel : terme normalisé par l'ISO.  6, record 30, French, - indice%20Diesel

Record 30,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 33,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Biomass fuel that has been prepared by processing through a "hog" - a mechanical shredder or grinder.  3, record 33, English, - hog%20fuel

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 OBS

If produced by primary forest industries, it usually consists of a mixture of bark and wood often with sawdust, shavings or sludge mixed in and is generally wet and fibrous with a high ash content. Also produced from secondary materials such as pallets, construction or demolition wood yielding a dry, mostly wood fuel but often with significant contaminant inorganics.  3, record 33, English, - hog%20fuel

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 2 OBS

hog fuel: term standardized by ISO.  4, record 33, English, - hog%20fuel

Record 33,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Biomasse combustible produite par un déchiqueteur ou un broyeur mécanique.  3, record 33, French, - combustible%20de%20d%C3%A9chets%20de%20bois

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 OBS

S'ils sont produits par les industries forestières du secteur primaire, il s'agit habituellement d'un mélange d'écorce et de bois comportant souvent de la sciure ou des rognures de bois et de la boue, généralement humide et fibreux, et à forte teneur en cendres. Ils sont aussi produits à partir de matières du secteur secondaire comme des palettes, du bois de construction ou de démolition, qui donnent surtout du bois combustibles sec, mais qui contiennent souvent de grandes quantités de contaminants inorganiques.  3, record 33, French, - combustible%20de%20d%C3%A9chets%20de%20bois

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 2 OBS

On trouvera le terme «déchets ligneux industriels» dans «Valorisation de la biomasse» publié par «Électricité de France» en 1981, pages 170-171.  4, record 33, French, - combustible%20de%20d%C3%A9chets%20de%20bois

Record 33,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 34,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Constant Volume Sampler(CVS). Motor vehicle exhaust is a complex mixture of unburned fuel, combustion products(including a high water vapor content), and intake air that exits the tail pipe at high temperatures. In simulated driving conditions on the dynamometer, the volume of the exhaust emitted from the tail pipe is continually changing depending on where in the driving cycle the vehicle is(for example, during acceleration, during deceleration, at constant speed, or at idle). To quantitatively determine emission rates from vehicles, we use a constant volume sampling system, which maintains a constant total flow rate of vehicle exhaust plus dilution air. With a CVS system, as exhaust flow increases, such as during heavy acceleration, the dilution air is automatically decreased and the sampling source is representative of exhaust variations. This CVS system provides the source for all exhaust samples collected(regulated and unregulated). Because some compounds present in the exhaust are soluble in water, quantitative transfer requires that the diluted exhaust be maintained above its dew point by providing sufficient dilution air through the CVS. In addition, sampling components, such as the raw exhaust transfer duct and sample lines, must be heated to prevent water condensation.  2, record 34, English, - constant%20volume%20sampling

Record 34,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le système de prélèvement à volume constant à pompe volumétrique (PDP-CVS) satisfait aux conditions formulées dans la présente annexe en déterminant le débit de gaz passant par la pompe à température et pression constantes. Pour mesurer le volume total, on compte le nombre de tours accomplis par la pompe volumétrique, qui est étalonnée. On obtient l'échantillon proportionnel en opérant un prélèvement à débit constant, au moyen d'une pompe, d'un débitmètre et d'une vanne de réglage du débit.  3, record 34, French, - %C3%A9chantillonnage%20%C3%A0%20volume%20constant

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 2 CONT

[...] début de la mesure de la quantité de gaz d'échappement dilués (échantillon à volume constant ou CVS) ainsi que des températures et pressions requises. [...] Le système CVS est étalonné à l'aide d'un débitmètre de précision conforme à des normes nationales ou internationales et d'un dispositif d'étranglement. Le débit qui traverse le système est mesuré pour différents réglages de l'étrangleur et les paramètres de commande et contrôle du système sont mesurés et mis en relation avec le débit. [...] La précision totale du système de prélèvement CVS et du système d'analyse est déterminée en introduisant une masse connue d'un gaz polluant dans le système utilisé normalement.  2, record 34, French, - %C3%A9chantillonnage%20%C3%A0%20volume%20constant

Record 34,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 35,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A gas used extensively in the metallurgical industries, being produced in blast-furnaces during the reduction of iron ore. The calorific value of the gas varies, but a figure of 4 mj/m³ is general.  4, record 35, English, - blast%2Dfurnace%20gas

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 2 DEF

A gas of low Btu content recovered from a blast furnace as a by-product and used as a fuel.  5, record 35, English, - blast%2Dfurnace%20gas

Record 35,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Gaz qui sort du gueulard des hauts fourneaux au cours de l'opération de la fusion de la fonte, contenant entre 30 et 35% d'oxyde de carbone, et ayant un pouvoir calorifique de l'ordre de 1 Kcal/m³.  5, record 35, French, - gaz%20de%20haut%20fourneau

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Parmi les ouvrages linguistiques habituellement consultés, seule la Grande encyclopédie Larousse (LAROG) permet l'usage (facultatif) du trait d'union pour le terme «haut fourneau»; les autres sources dénoncent clairement cet usage.  3, record 35, French, - gaz%20de%20haut%20fourneau

Record 35,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Combustible gaseoso que aparece como subproducto de la reducción del mineral de hierro con el coque en los altos hornos. Su contenido en monóxido de carbono puede llegar al 30%. Tóxico por vía inhalatoria.  1, record 35, Spanish, - gas%20de%20horno%20alto

Record 36,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The emissions content of fossil fuel exports as a proportion of the value of total exports of goods and services, for [an] agreed reference period.  2, record 36, English, - fossil%20fuel%20intensity%20of%20exports

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Related to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change.  3, record 36, English, - fossil%20fuel%20intensity%20of%20exports

Record 36,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Volume des émissions provenant des combustibles fossiles exportés exprimé en pourcentage de la valeur totale des exportations de biens et de services pendant la période de référence convenue.  1, record 36, French, - intensit%C3%A9%20des%20combustibles%20fossiles%20par%20rapport%20aux%20exportations

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Dans le cadre de la Convention-cadre des Nations Unies sur les changements climatiques.  2, record 36, French, - intensit%C3%A9%20des%20combustibles%20fossiles%20par%20rapport%20aux%20exportations

Record 36,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 37,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Motor vehicle exhaust is a complex mixture of unburned fuel, combustion products(including a high water vapor content), and intake air that exits the tail pipe at high temperatures. In simulated driving conditions on the dynamometer, the volume of the exhaust emitted from the tail pipe is continually changing depending on where in the driving cycle the vehicle is(for example, during acceleration, during deceleration, at constant speed, or at idle). To quantitatively determine emission rates from vehicles, we use a constant volume sampling system, which maintains a constant total flow rate of vehicle exhaust plus dilution air. With a CVS system, as exhaust flow increases, such as during heavy acceleration, the dilution air is automatically decreased and the sampling source is representative of exhaust variations. This CVS system provides the source for all exhaust samples collected(regulated and unregulated).  2, record 37, English, - constant%20volume%20sampling%20system

Record 37,  Textual support,  French

Record 37,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 38,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Sulphur-free fuels are essential in order to simultaneously exploit the potential for emissions reduction and for improved fuel economy of the innovative technologies being developed by the automotive industry for the petrol engine (direct injection), for the diesel engine and for the respective emission control systems.  3, record 38, English, - sulphur%2Dfree%20fuel

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Since sulphur in fuel impairs exhaust emission control, its content must be lowered in order to reduce emissions of nitric oxides and particulates.  3, record 38, English, - sulphur%2Dfree%20fuel

Record 38,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Le soufre enrobe le convertisseur catalytique et l'empêche de faire son travail. Il faudrait presque entièrement éliminer le soufre, le réduire à moins d'une partie par million pour réduire sérieusement la pollution dans la plupart des moteurs d'aujourd'hui.  3, record 38, French, - carburant%20sans%20soufre

Record 38,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 39,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The ratio of the useful output energy which results when a fuel is burned, to the theoretical input energy content of the fuel.  1, record 39, English, - fuel%20efficiency

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Fuel efficiency for a heating fuel is less than 100 percent to the extent that heated air is used in combustion and to the extent that exhaust venting is necessary. In other applications fuel efficiencies are less than 100 percent partly because of waste heat generation.  1, record 39, English, - fuel%20efficiency

Record 39,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Rapport entre l'énergie utile que l'on obtient de la combustion d'un combustible et la teneur théorique en énergie du combustible utilisé.  2, record 39, French, - rendement%20du%20combustible

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le rendement d'un combustible de chauffage est inférieur à 100 %, puisqu'il faut de l'air chaud pour la combustion et qu'il faut évacuer les gaz libérés. Pour d'autres applications, le rendement du combustible n'atteint pas 100 %, en partie à cause de la chaleur perdue produite.  2, record 39, French, - rendement%20du%20combustible

Record 39,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 40,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The time necessary for a wildland fuel particle, under specified conditions, to lose 63 percent of the difference between its current moisture content and its equilibrium moisture content.  4, record 40, English, - timelag

Record 40,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Temps requis, dans des conditions définies de température du thermomètre sec, d'humidité relative, de vitesse du vent et du moment de l'année, pour que des combustibles morts perdent environ les deux tiers de la différence entre leur degré d'humidité initial et leur degré d'humidité à l'équilibre.  2, record 40, French, - temps%20de%20s%C3%A9chage

Record 40,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 41,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 41, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Combination purpose bullet used against soft skinned and lightly armoured vehicles and capable of penetrating fuel tanks and igniting their content.  2, record 41, English, - armour%2Dpiercing%20incendiary%20bullet

Record 41,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 41, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Balle bivalente utilisée contre les véhicules non blindés et les véhicules blindés légers, pouvant pénétrer les réservoirs à essence et mettre leur contenu à feu.  1, record 41, French, - balle%20perforante%2Dincendiaire

Record number: 41, Textual support number: 1 OBS

balle perforante-incendiaire : terme et définition uniformisés par le Groupe de travail de terminologie des armes légères.  3, record 41, French, - balle%20perforante%2Dincendiaire

Record number: 41, Textual support number: 2 OBS

balle perforante incendiaire : terme uniformisé par le Groupe de travail de terminologie des munitions.  3, record 41, French, - balle%20perforante%2Dincendiaire

Record 41,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 42,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 42, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Condensation trail caused mainly by the cooling of exhaust gases which have a high water vapour content due to the combustion of fuel.  4, record 42, English, - exhaust%20trail

Record number: 42, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The exhaust plume can also be shaped - spread out, perhaps, with the colder fan stream, on either side - to reduce the enemy’s chances of spotting the hot CO₂ trail.  5, record 42, English, - exhaust%20trail

Record number: 42, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Not to be confused with "distrail", "condensation trail", or "aerodynamic trail".  6, record 42, English, - exhaust%20trail

Record number: 42, Textual support number: 2 OBS

exhaust trail: term officially approved by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO).  7, record 42, English, - exhaust%20trail

Record 42,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 42, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Traînée de condensation d'un aéronef en vol due principalement au refroidissement des gaz d'échappement qui, par suite de la combustion du carburant, ont une forte teneur en vapeur d'eau.  3, record 42, French, - tra%C3%AEn%C3%A9e%20d%27%C3%A9chappement

Record number: 42, Textual support number: 1 CONT

On peut aussi donner une certaine forme aux fumées d'échappement (par exemple, les étaler de chaque côté à l'aide du flux plus froid de la soufflante), afin de réduire la possibilité pour l'ennemi de détecter la traînée chaude de CO₂.  2, record 42, French, - tra%C3%AEn%C3%A9e%20d%27%C3%A9chappement

Record number: 42, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Ne pas confondre avec les «traînées de dissipation, de condensation ou de détente».  4, record 42, French, - tra%C3%AEn%C3%A9e%20d%27%C3%A9chappement

Record number: 42, Textual support number: 2 OBS

traînée d'échappement : terme uniformisé par l'Organisation de l'aviation civile internationale (OACI).  5, record 42, French, - tra%C3%AEn%C3%A9e%20d%27%C3%A9chappement

Record 42,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 42, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Estela de condensación debida principalmente al enfriamiento de los gases de escape que contienen una gran cantidad de vapor de agua por proceder de la combustión del carburante.  2, record 42, Spanish, - estela%20de%20escape

Record number: 42, Textual support number: 1 OBS

estela de escape : término aceptado oficialmente por la Organización de Aviación Civil Internacional (OACI).  3, record 42, Spanish, - estela%20de%20escape

Record 43,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 43, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A shallow tray with sides and bottom of open-mesh material, on which are put samples of fuel whose moisture content is to be determined, generally by weighing.  2, record 43, English, - fuel%20tray

Record 43,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 43, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Plateau à claire-voie sur lequel sont posés les échantillons de combustibles dont il s'agit de connaître la teneur en humidité (généralement par pesée).  1, record 43, French, - plateau%20%C3%A0%20combustibles

Record 43,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 44,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 44, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The response of fuel moisture content to a cyclically varying temperature/relative humidity combination.  1, record 44, English, - drying%20regime

Record 44,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 44, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Façon dont la teneur en humidité d'un combustible réagit vis-à-vis des variations cycliques de la température et de l'humidité relative.  1, record 44, French, - r%C3%A9gime%20de%20d%C3%A9shydratation

Record 44,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 45,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 45, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A measure of generating station thermal efficiency, generally expressed in Btu per net kilowatt hour. It is computed by dividing the total Btu content of fuel burned for electric generation by the resulting net kilowatt hour generation.  2, record 45, English, - heat%20rate

Record number: 45, Textual support number: 2 DEF

In respect of a power plant, the heat consumption per kWh of current produced, [expressed by the following calculation:] heat supplied in fuel (MJ) divided by the energy generated (kWh).  3, record 45, English, - heat%20rate

Record number: 45, Textual support number: 1 OBS

In a large conventional power station with a thermal efficiency of 36 per cent, the heat rate is approximately 10 MJ. One kWh = 3.6 MJ.  3, record 45, English, - heat%20rate

Record number: 45, Textual support number: 2 OBS

The ratio of the energy content of the fuel used to the electrical energy produced over a given period; it can be referred to the electricity generated(gross) or the electricity supplied(net). The reciprocal of the heat rate expressed as a percentage is the thermal efficiency of the power station. In the case of the "heat rate" the units should be stated; in the case of the "thermal efficiency" the energy content of the fuel and the electrical energy produced must be expressed in the same unit.  4, record 45, English, - heat%20rate

Record 45,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 45, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Quantité de combustible nécessaire pour produire 1 kWh d'électricité.  2, record 45, French, - consommation%20sp%C3%A9cifique%20de%20chaleur

Record 45,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 45, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Cociente entre el equivalente calorífico del combustible consumido y la cantidad de energía eléctrica producida en el intervalo o tiempo considerado. Lo mismo que la energía producida este consumo puede ser bruto o neto.  1, record 45, Spanish, - consumo%20espec%C3%ADfico%20de%20calor

Record 46,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 46, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The ratio of the electric power produced by a power plant to the amount of heat produced by the fuel.  3, record 46, English, - thermal%20efficiency

Record number: 46, Textual support number: 1 OBS

A measure of the efficiency with which the plant converts thermal to electric energy.  3, record 46, English, - thermal%20efficiency

Record number: 46, Textual support number: 2 DEF

The calorific content of the total useful heat or energy produced by a plant, expressed as a percentage of the calorific content of the total fuel consumed, or simply : heat output [divided by] heat input [multiplied by] 100.  4, record 46, English, - thermal%20efficiency

Record number: 46, Textual support number: 2 OBS

In respect of a boiler, "heat output" relates to the energy value of the useful hot water or steam produced. In considering electricity generation, however, the overall thermal efficiency is the total energy value of the electricity "sent out", expressed as a percentage of the energy value (gross as fired) of the fuel used. This overall concept takes account of both boiler and steam turbine losses. A modern power station achieves about 35 per cent thermal efficiency.  4, record 46, English, - thermal%20efficiency

Record number: 46, Textual support number: 3 OBS

Compare with "heat rate", a related concept which some authors consider as a synonym of "thermal efficiency".  5, record 46, English, - thermal%20efficiency

Record 46,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 46, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le perfectionnement des RHTRG [réacteurs à haute température refroidis par gaz] aura pour but d'améliorer la performance et de prolonger la durée de vie des centrales. Pour le premier point, de nombreuses recherches sont actuellement consacrées à ce que l'on appelle le cycle à turbine à gaz, où un gaz à haute température alimente directement une turbine à gaz ce qui permet d'obtenir un rendement thermique très élevé et un coût de l'énergie très intéressant ainsi qu'à la production de chaleur industrielle à très haute température.  2, record 46, French, - rendement%20thermique

Record number: 46, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Comparaison du rendement thermique des chaudières. Chaudière de 1970 : Rendement utile de la chaudière : 55 à 70 %. Pertes à l'arrêt de la chaudière : 10 à 15 %. Pertes par les gaz de combustion : 20 à 30 %. Rendement de la combustion : 70 à 80 %. Chaudière OPTIMAZ : Rendement utile de la chaudière : plus de 90 %. Pertes à l'arrêt de la chaudière : 1 %. Pertes par les gaz de combustion : 5 à 9 %. Rendement de la combustion : 91 à 94 %.  3, record 46, French, - rendement%20thermique

Record 46,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 48,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 48, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Gasification is a thermal process to convert solid fuel into gasified fuel by non-stoichiometric, partial combustion.... The most established gasifier system is the down-draught gasifier. It produces an almost tar-free gas and can be constructed on a relatively large scale compared to other systems. Its disadvantage is the requirement for fuel preparation, which must be well cut, uniform wood or charcoal, with a moisture content not greater than 20%.  2, record 48, English, - downdraft%20gasifier

Record number: 48, Textual support number: 2 CONT

The "downdraft" (or coflow) gasifiers ... used widely during World War II produce very little tar and oil and are much more practical in small sizes for producing clean gas. Air (oxygen) is introduced at nozzles or tuyères which form a complex reaction zone not amenable to scale-up or simple analysis.  3, record 48, English, - downdraft%20gasifier

Record 48,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 48, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[...] gazogènes [...] dans lesquels l'air est introduit sous la zone de combustion. La chaleur dégagée par la combustion produit la pyrolyse ou la distillation du bois placé au dessus, mais les pyroligneux et les goudrons produits sont contraints à descendre, à passer à travers la zone de charbon de bois en ignition; ils sont donc craqués, réduits à l'état de CO + H₂ essentiellement. Il n'y a pratiquement plus de pyroligneux, ni de goudron.  2, record 48, French, - gazog%C3%A8ne%20%C3%A0%20tirage%20invers%C3%A9

Record number: 48, Textual support number: 1 OBS

C'est ce type de gazéifeur (ou gazogène) qui a été utilisé sur les camions et les voitures durant la dernière guerre (type Imbert).  2, record 48, French, - gazog%C3%A8ne%20%C3%A0%20tirage%20invers%C3%A9

Record 48,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 49,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 49, Textual support number: 1 DEF

biomass materials with low moisture content, generally 8% to 10%.  2, record 49, English, - dry%20fuel

Record number: 49, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The allowable moisture content for dry fuel varies with requirements of the combustion or gasification system.  2, record 49, English, - dry%20fuel

Record number: 49, Textual support number: 2 CONT

The residue fired thermal oil heater ... utilizes a factory pre-fabricated system, consisting of the burner and thermal oil heater, minimizing the amount of field direction required. These units are offered in two configurations, one for burning dry fuel, and the other suitable for wet hogged fuel.  3, record 49, English, - dry%20fuel

Record number: 49, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The principal coastal lumber mills consume most of their own wood residues to generate steam and power.  4, record 49, English, - dry%20fuel

Record 49,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 49, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La figure 3 permet de comparer une chaudière pour combustible humide (cas 1) avec une chaudière pour combustible sec (cas 2) [...] Quand on utilise un combustible sec, on peut réduire le volume d'air, de sorte que la teneur en [gaz carbonique] des gaz de combustion dans le cas 2 est de 14 % et que la température des gaz brûlés à la sortie du sécheur est supposé [sic] être de 95 °C.  1, record 49, French, - combustible%20sec

Record number: 49, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Les déchets de bois, en particulier l'écorce, sont des combustibles très importants dans l'industrie scandinave du bois.  1, record 49, French, - combustible%20sec

Record 49,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 50,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 50, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Fuel quantity.... it should be obvious that the quantity of fuel is very important but also highly variable...(The) quantity of fuel available for combustion in a given situation may depend not only on the amount of exposed fuel surface but also on the vegetative stage of all living plant material and the moisture content of all dead plant materials.  1, record 50, English, - fuel%20quantity

Record 50,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 50, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les combustibles végétaux. (...) Ainsi, la distribution du combustible est un facteur primordial agissant sur le comportement du feu. La quantité de combustible joue aussi un rôle. Un accroissement de la quantité du matériel inflammable entraîne un accroissement de la quantité d'énergie émise par le feu (...) Les feux les plus violents, et par conséquent les plus difficiles à combattre, apparaissent dans les zones contenant de grandes accumulations de combustibles.  1, record 50, French, - quantit%C3%A9%20de%20combustible