TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

It is generally considered that the structure of an enzyme should be complementary to the structure of the transition state rather than to the substrates of products. By this means, the increase in binding energy as the reaction proceeds lowers the activation energy of the chemical step-the 'strain’ theory of catalysis.... On binding, the substrate is strained or distorted. In Haldane's words :"Using Fischer's lock and key smile, the key does not fit the lock perfectly but exercises a certain strain on it"... Nowadays, the modified concept of transition state stabilization is gaining favor. According to this idea, it is not that the substrate is distorted but rather that the transition state makes better contacts with the enzyme than the substrate does, so that the full binding energy is not realized until the transition state is reached.  2, record 1, English, - binding%20energy

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Binding energy can, in theory, also be used to alter the energy levels of enzyme-bound reagents and so alter the equilibrium constants between enzyme-bound substrates, intermediates and products.... Protein engineering ... is eminently suited to studying and quantifying the role of binding energy in catalysis since side chains of the enzyme that interact with the substrate may be systematically modified to make small perturbations in the binding energy.  3, record 1, English, - binding%20energy

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Au cours du processus de catalyse, [...] une combinaison enzyme-substrat [...] représente l'étape intermédiaire obligatoire. Ensuite, les profonds remaniements subis par cette combinaison conduisent à la libération des produits. C'est dire que la caractérisation des liaisons chimiques impliquées dans le processus doit être abordée dans une double perspective : d'une part les liaisons qui participeront à la reconnaissance du substrat par l'enzyme et à la constitution de la combinaison enzyme-substrat, et, d'autre part, les liaisons qui seront impliquées dans les mécanismes catalytiques proprement dits. Les énergies de liaison mises en œuvre sont en effet fondamentalement différentes selon qu'il s'agit de l'un ou l'autre cas. Dans le processus de reconnaissance, ces énergies se situent dans la gamme des 10 k.cal/mole : seules des «liaisons faibles» seront impliquées. Dans le mécanisme catalytique, les énergies mises en jeu sont de l'ordre de 100 k.cal./mole ou plus : des «liaisons fortes» seront impliquées.  2, record 1, French, - %C3%A9nergie%20de%20liaison

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A substance capable of preventing full expression of the biologic effects of androgenic hormones on responsive tissues, either by producing antagonistic effects on the target tissue, as estrogens do, or by merely inhibiting androgenic effects, such as by competing for binding sites at the cell surface.  3, record 2, English, - antiandrogen

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les androgènes sont les hormones responsables des caractères masculins comme les poils sur la poitrine et sur le visage. L’androgène le plus connu et le plus présent chez l’homme est la testostérone [...] Les médicaments anti-androgènes bloquent le fonctionnement de la testostérone et empêchent son action.  2, record 2, French, - antiandrog%C3%A8ne

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Agente hormonal [...] que bloquea las funciones de las hormonas masculinas.  2, record 2, Spanish, - antiandr%C3%B3geno

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

[...] se utiliza en el tratamiento del cáncer de próstata. También aumenta la eficacia de otras terapias hormonales.  2, record 2, Spanish, - antiandr%C3%B3geno

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[Referring to] a substance capable of preventing full expression of the biologic effects of androgenic hormones on responsive tissues, either by producing antagonistic effects on the target tissue, as estrogens do, or by merely inhibiting androgenic effects, such as by competing for binding sites at the cell surface.  2, record 3, English, - antiandrogenic

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Qui s'oppose à l'action des androgènes, hormones stéroïdes qui favorisent le développement des organes génitaux externes chez l'homme, la formation du sperme et l'apparition des caractères sexuels secondaires masculins.  3, record 3, French, - antiandrog%C3%A8ne

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A decision by an appellate court that is not unanimous.  2, record 4, English, - split%20decision

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

When the members of an appellate court cannot reach full agreement, a split decision occurs. A split decision is distinct from a unanimous decision in which all the judges join in agreement. In a split decision, the will of the majority of the judges is binding, and one member of the majority delivers the opinion of the court itself. One or more members of the minority can also write a dissent, which is a critical explanation of the minority's reasons for not joining in the majority decision. A court that reaches a split decision is called a divided court.  2, record 4, English, - split%20decision

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le 14 août dernier, une décision a été rendue par la Cour d'appel fédérale, une décision partagée. Le gouvernement a choisi de porter cette décision en appel devant la Cour suprême.  1, record 4, French, - d%C3%A9cision%20partag%C3%A9e

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Dans un jugement partagé (5 contre 4), la Cour suprême du Canada conclut que l'obligation du propriétaire envers les soumissionnaires d'agir de façon équitable se limite à la période allant de l’émission de l’appel d’offres jusqu’à l’adjudication du contrat au soumissionnaire conforme retenu «contrat A».  2, record 4, French, - d%C3%A9cision%20partag%C3%A9e

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Lorsqu'il n'y a pas d'unanimité entre les juges d'une haute cour de justice qui statuent sur une cause, c'est l'opinion majoritaire qui est considérée pour rendre la décision. Au Canada, le fait de permettre à la minorité d'exprimer ses opinions divergentes ou sa dissidence, on parle de «décision partagée» comme équivalent de «split decision».  3, record 4, French, - d%C3%A9cision%20partag%C3%A9e

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Model, explaining the great specificity of enzymes for their substrates, in which the enzyme has an active site complementary to the shape of the substrate. If the substrate has a different shape, it not bind.  2, record 5, English, - lock%2Dand%2Dkey%20relationship

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

One of the first important studies on the specificity of enzymes was carried out by Emil Fischer, who found that enzymes capable of hydrolyzing glycosides can distinguish between their stereoisomeric forms. In 1894 this observation led him to enunciate the principle that the substrate molecule fits the active site of the enzyme in a... lock-and-key relationship.... Nowadays, the modified concept of transition state stabilization is gaining favor. According to this idea, it is not that the substrate is distorted but rather that the transition state makes better contacts with the enzyme than the substrate does, so that the full binding energy is not realized until the transition state is reached. Nevertheless, we shall use the term strain to cover the general situation on enzyme-transition state complementary.  3, record 5, English, - lock%2Dand%2Dkey%20relationship

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Modèle de complémentarité structurale évoqué par E. Fischer qui implique une structure rigide de l'enzyme, s'adaptant rigoureusement à son substrat. Cependant, les variations d'entropie, relativement élevées, observées lors de la formation du complexe enzyme-substrat, ont conduit à admettre que ce processus est accompagné de changements de conformation des molécules.  2, record 5, French, - mod%C3%A8le%20clef%2Dserrure

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les enzymes montrent une grande spécificité à l'égard de leur substrat et souvent, elles n'accepteront pas de molécules apparentées dont la conformation est légèrement différente. Ceci peut s'expliquer en supposant que l'enzyme et le substrat ont une relation de clé à serrure. [...] L'enzyme possède un site actif complémentaire de la forme du substrat. Si la conformation du substrat est différente, il ne sera pas lié.  3, record 5, French, - mod%C3%A8le%20clef%2Dserrure

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

If a full Conference agreement or a sub-area agreement cannot be achieved, two or more TC members((IATA)) may reach a limited agreement under certain conditions... Such an agreement is binding on those members who are party to it and upon all voting members not present at the Conference who operate services between the countries for which the agreement is to apply.  1, record 6, English, - limited%20agreement

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

limited agreement: term officially approved by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO).  2, record 6, English, - limited%20agreement

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

accord limité; accord restreint : termes uniformisés par l'Organisation de l'aviation civile internationale (OACI).  2, record 6, French, - accord%20limit%C3%A9

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

acuerdo limitado: término aceptado oficialmente por la Organización de Aviación Civil Internacional (OACI).  2, record 6, Spanish, - acuerdo%20limitado

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The basal lamina proteins laminin and type IV collagen possess unique biological activities that play a central role in cell proliferation, cell differentiation and tissue development. These large heterogeneous molecules are composed of three protein chains intertwined to form complex triple-helical structures containing numerous receptor binding domains. BioStratum has developed recombinant methods and clones to produced full length, biologically active, type IV collagen hains and heterotrimer laminin molecules, a major scientific advancement for such large and complex matrix molecules.  1, record 7, English, - laminin

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Cinq intégrines partagent la même chaîne, [jouent un rôle dans la formation des vaisseaux],lient des ligands de la matrice extracellulaire (MEC), comme la fibronectine, l'ostéopontine, la tenascine ou encore la laminine et le collagène de type IV.  1, record 7, French, - laminine

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Essais cliniques en thérapie génique.  2, record 7, French, - laminine

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish