TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Hydrophilicity means that polar functional groups molecules combine with water molecules through electrostatic interaction or hydrogen bonding...  1, record 1, English, - hydrophilicity

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Propriété d'une substance polaire ou chargée à forte affinité pour l'eau.  1, record 1, French, - hydrophilie

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Living materials are a type of biohybrid material consisting of living elements and nonliving components. The living elements including bacteria, cells, fungi, and algae can endow materials with distinct functional properties, such as environmental bioremediation, in situ biosensing, biomolecular synthesis, and biomedical therapeutics. The nonliving components can protect living elements from extreme environments such as low temperature, high salinity, and water shortages. Benefiting from the combination of their respective advantages, living materials could react to the changing environmental conditions and have [a] useful function.  3, record 2, English, - engineered%20living%20material

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les systèmes biologiques sont constitués de matériaux vivants capables de s'autoréparer, d'interagir avec leur environnement et de se structurer de manière autonome.  2, record 2, French, - mat%C3%A9riau%20vivant

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Nonconductive wood(NCW) is wood tissue that has been compartmentalized as part of the natural tree response to wounds(including tapping). It is no longer functional for water transport or metabolic functions, or viable for sap collection and therefore should be avoided when tapping. NCW is typically discolored(stained) relative to conductive sapwood.  3, record 3, English, - nonconductive%20wood

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Il est bien connu que la blessure engendrée par l'entaillage ne se limite pas au trou. En effet, […] c'est l'inefficacité du mécanisme de défense (compartimentage) dans le sens longitudinal (sens des fibres) qui occasionne une zone de bois improductive en haut et en bas de l'entaille. C'est ce qu'on appelle le bois coloré.  3, record 3, French, - bois%20color%C3%A9

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A flow test, also known as a water supply proving test, is a functional test and measurement of the water supply for an automatic fire sprinkler system.  3, record 4, English, - water%20flow%20test

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

flow test: designation officially approved by the Lexicon Project Committee (New Brunswick).  4, record 4, English, - water%20flow%20test

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

essai de débit; essai d'écoulement : désignations uniformisées par le Comité du projet de lexiques (Nouveau-Brunswick).  3, record 4, French, - essai%20de%20d%C3%A9bit

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Wetland complexes occur where two or more wetlands... separated by a non-wetland area are functionally linked. Functional linkages include wildlife usage(e. g., migration corridors, forage areas), and surface water and groundwater connections.  3, record 5, English, - wetland%20complex

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Lorsqu'un milieu humide d'un certain type est connecté à un milieu humide d'un autre type, on parle d'un complexe de milieux humides. Par exemple, un complexe marais-marécage.  2, record 5, French, - complexe%20de%20zones%20humides

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

... a pipeline conveying water by gravity from a source of supply in a stream or body of water to an intake well.  3, record 6, English, - intake%20pipe

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

An important place within water supply systems is represented by the adduction pipes. The flow in adductions can be characterized by free level under the pressure, or in certain situations in a mixed manner. The modification of design parameters and of the hydrodynamic regime in the adductions for water is developed in a continuous destructive process or variable in time. The multiple actions determine the modification of the constructive and functional parameters of the adduction, diminish the mechanic resistances, disturb the stability and decrease the safety in the construction exploitation.  2, record 6, English, - intake%20pipe

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Conduite transportant par gravité l'eau d'une source d'alimentation ou d'une étendue d'eau jusqu'à une prise d'eau.  1, record 6, French, - tuyau%20de%20prise%20d%27eau

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The Doppler log can measure both the speed over the water and the speed over the ground.... The optimal speed of a ship can be determined for a specific trip under certain financial conditions.... It appears that data based on the Doppler speed log recording the speed over water are more appropriate for the determination of the functional relationship between speed and power.  1, record 7, English, - Doppler%20log

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le loch Doppler indique en principe la vitesse du navire à bord duquel il est installé par rapport au fond de la mer; si une couche de vase se déplace, entraînée par un courant de fond dans un estuaire, le loch Doppler indiquera la vitesse du navire par rapport à cette couche de vase et non par rapport au fond de la mer.  1, record 7, French, - loch%20Doppler

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 8,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Lens which requires a quantity of water to obtain its functional form and properties.  1, record 8, English, - hydrophilic%20lens

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 OBS

hydrophilic lens: term and definition standardized by ISO.  2, record 8, English, - hydrophilic%20lens

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Lentille qui nécessite d'être hydratée pour obtenir sa forme fonctionnelle et ses propriétés.  1, record 8, French, - lentille%20hydrophile

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 OBS

lentille hydrophile : terme et définition normalisés par l'ISO.  2, record 8, French, - lentille%20hydrophile

Record 8,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 9,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A surface active agent which does not produce ions in an aqueous solution.  2, record 9, English, - non%2Dionic%20surface%20active%20agent

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The solubility in water of non-ionic surface active agents is due to the presence in the molecules of functional groups which have a strong affinity for water.  2, record 9, English, - non%2Dionic%20surface%20active%20agent

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 2 OBS

non-ionic surface active agent: term and definition standardized by ISO.  3, record 9, English, - non%2Dionic%20surface%20active%20agent

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Agent de surface ne donnant pas naissance à des ions en solution aqueuse.  1, record 9, French, - agent%20de%20surface%20non%2Dionique

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 OBS

La solubilité dans l'eau des agents de surface non ioniques est due à la présence dans leurs molécules de groupements fonctionnels ayant une forte affinité pour l'eau.  1, record 9, French, - agent%20de%20surface%20non%2Dionique

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 2 OBS

agent de surface non-ionique; agent de surface non ionique : termes et définition normalisés par l'ISO.  3, record 9, French, - agent%20de%20surface%20non%2Dionique

Record 9,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Agente tensoactivo que no produce iones en una solución acuosa.  1, record 9, Spanish, - agente%20tensoactivo%20no%20i%C3%B3nico

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 OBS

La solubilidad en agua de los agentes tensoactivos no iónicos se debe a la presencia en sus moléculas de grupos funcionales que tienen una fuerte afinidad por el agua.  1, record 9, Spanish, - agente%20tensoactivo%20no%20i%C3%B3nico

Record 10,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Material and product design incorporating agro-based materials goes beyond applications like thatched roofs, wattle façades and other examples harking back to older days. Its goal is to use proven and new technologies and make such composites that satisfy the demanded functional specifications while containing a high degree of environmental friendliness. The first applications of agro based materials in the building industry may be found in insulation and interior decoration. The Dutch market offers insulation materials based on waste paper(including Isofloc and Isocell). Flax insulation mats are produced in the Netherlands by Eco Fiber. Hemp is another material suitable for insulation mats. Hemp is better resistant to moisture than flax. But as yet there has not been much experience with applications of this material in the building industry. The use of coconut fibers as insulation material offers several benefits such as a low energy content and high insulation value. The material is naturally highly moisture resistant. Insulation materials can be treated with halogen-free cellulose fire retardant. To preserve the material, the fibers can be treated just like wood with boric salt. Another technology is to treat cellulose fibers via the so-called PLATO(Proving Lasting Advanced Timber Option) process. This involves heating the fibers in an autoclave under 14 atmosphere pressure to about 200 degrees Celsius. In this process the lignin and the hemi-cellulose in the fiber chemically react generating a water resistant bakelite-type of resin-compound around the remaining cellulose.  2, record 10, English, - agro%2Dbased%20material

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Voilà 8 ans désormais que AFT Plasturgie travaille à la mise en œuvre d'agro-matériaux dans les processus industriels, notamment dans la filière automobile et du bâtiment. L'entreprise a développé un procédé original de conditionnement des fibres de chanvre permettant d'obtenir une bonne interface fibre/polymère sans modification chimique des composants, assurant ainsi une très bonne compatibilité entre la fibre végétale et les matières thermoplastiques. Elle travaille sur 2 lignes de produits intégrant des fibres de chanvre : les [composés] thermoplastiques (granulés) destinés à la transformation par extrusion et injection et les non-tissés (production de pièces par thermocompression et renforcement des pièces moulées en résine thermodurcissable).  2, record 10, French, - agro%2Dmat%C3%A9riau

Record 10,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 11,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Functional Coatings. Coating operations during converting are similar in principle to the on-machine and off-machine pigment coating operations carried out in the paper mill... A common objective with functional non-aqueous coatings is to provide a barrier to water, water vapor, air, or grease. Typical coating materials include waxes, asphalt, lacquer, varnish, resins and adhesives.  1, record 11, English, - functional%20coating

Record 11,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le couchage fonctionnel. Les opérations de couchage au cours de la transformation [du papier et du carton] sont identiques à celles du couchage sur machine et hors machine mises en œuvre dans les papeteries [...] On dépose cependant des couches non aqueuses d'un produit servant à assurer une fonction particulière (plutôt que des couches de pigments en suspension dans l'eau); la couche a pour objet d'empêcher la pénétration de l'eau, de la vapeur d'eau, de l'air ou des graisses. Les produits de couchage sont des cires, du bitume, des laques, des vernis, des résines et des colles.  1, record 11, French, - couchage%20fonctionnel

Record 11,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 12,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Method based on the covalent attachment of enzymes to water insoluble matrices. It is the most widespread and one of the most investigated approaches to enzyme immobilisation. The selection of conditions for immobilization is more difficult than in the cases of the other carrier binding methods described, and frequently involves more complicated and less mild conditions than the other methods, but, since covalent bonds are being formed, stable immobilized enzyme preparations which do not leach enzyme into solution in the presence of substrate or high ionic concentration solutions are formed in almost all cases. The immobilization of an enzyme by covalent attachment to a support matrix must involve only functional groups of the enzyme that are not essential for catalytic action, and therefore no reagents must be used which could affect the binding and active sites of the enzyme.  2, record 12, English, - covalent%20binding

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The reaction conditions required for covalent binding are relatively complicated and not particularly mild. Therefore, in some cases, covalent binding alters the conformational structure and active center of the enzyme, resulting in major loss of activity and/or changes of substrate specificity.  3, record 12, English, - covalent%20binding

Record 12,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Technique largement employée dans le cas des enzymes qui met en jeu une réaction chimique créant une liaison irréversible entre la molécule enzymatique et les groupes réactifs du support. A ce type de liaison se surajoutent toujours des phénomènes d'adsorption électrostatique qui consolident la fixation.  2, record 12, French, - fixation%20par%20liaison%20covalente

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'enzyme fixée à un support soluble ou insoluble peut très facilement être récupérée en fin de réaction et être réemployé plusieurs fois et même fonctionner en continu dans des réacteurs. Il existe trois grands types d'immobilisation des enzymes : l'inclusion, l'adsorption et la fixation par liaison covalente.  3, record 12, French, - fixation%20par%20liaison%20covalente

Record 12,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 13,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In recent years studies of enzyme conformational changes have become highly sophisticated. By a variety of physical techniques they have revealed the great complexity of response of enzymes to small molecules.... One method uses ultrasonics to study the pH induced conformational transition in the active centers of the enzymes. The method utilizes the observation that ultrasonic cavitation produces hydroxyl and hydroperoxyl free radicals in water solution. Penetration of these radicals into the enzyme active center results in enzyme inactivation due to destruction of certain functional groups important for the catalytic activity, typically tryptophan residues.... Thus, a kinetic study of the enzyme ultrasonic inactivation allows us to determine the parameters associated with the conformational changes in the enzyme active center.  2, record 13, English, - conformational%20transition

Record 13,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La conformation du centre actif n'est pas rigide. Elle a une flexibilité importante. L'association du substrat au centre actif induit très régulièrement un changement de conformation qui aboutit à un ajustement induit de la structure du centre actif. Les chaînes latérales qui participent au fonctionnement du centre actif, soit au centre de spécificité, soit dans la partie catalytique du centre actif, changent de position au cours de la fixation du substrat pour former le complexe enzyme-substrat, mais très souvent aussi au cours de la transformation catalytique du complexe pour former les produits de réaction.  1, record 13, French, - changement%20de%20conformation

Record 13,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 14,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A non-invasive neuroimaging technique that allows researchers to measure the hemodynamic changes in the brain associated with neural activity.  3, record 14, English, - functional%20magnetic%20resonance%20imaging

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The term "Functional MRI"(with a capital F) can also include other MRI techniques that are sensitive to physiologic changes(such as changes in water motion), whereas fMRI with a lower case f usually refers to the mapping of brain activity using MRI.  4, record 14, English, - functional%20magnetic%20resonance%20imaging

Record 14,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Application de l'IRM [imagerie par résonance magnétique] permettant d'établir, de façon non agressive, une cartographie fonctionnelle du cerveau, en localisant les modifications hémodynamiques liées à l'activité neuronale que provoque l'activation d'une région encéphalique.  3, record 14, French, - imagerie%20par%20r%C3%A9sonance%20magn%C3%A9tique%20fonctionnelle

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Le terme «IRM fonctionnelle» peut aussi comprendre d'autres techniques d'IRM qui sont sensibles aux changements physiologiques (comme les changements dans le mouvement de l'eau), mais avec un «f» minuscule, l'IRMf se réfère habituellement à la cartographie de l'activité du cerveau à l'aide de l'IRM  1, record 14, French, - imagerie%20par%20r%C3%A9sonance%20magn%C3%A9tique%20fonctionnelle

Record 14,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 15,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Functional water(acid water and alkaline water) can be used for disinfecting fresh market vegetables without any chemicals. This apparatus can make the functional water. Disinfecting effect is confirmed by Counting the colony number of colon bacterium.  1, record 15, English, - functional%20water

Record 15,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Jusqu'ici les ventes d'eau fonctionnelle, aromatisée ou gazéifiée, vendue sous marque de distributeur, ont été négligeables parce que les consommateurs de ces produits ont tendance à être conscients de la marque et moins sensibles aux prix.  1, record 15, French, - eau%20fonctionnelle

Record 15,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 16,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A functional group, in which the distribution gives rise to a significant electric dipole moment. Such a group is responsible for the affinity for markedly polar surfaces and for water in particular, and for the hydrophilic character of the molecule. [Definition standardized by ISO. ]  1, record 16, English, - polar%20group

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 OBS

polar group: term standardized by ISO.  3, record 16, English, - polar%20group

Record 16,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Groupement fonctionnel dont les caractéristiques de répartition électronique tendent à assurer à la molécule un moment électrique dipolaire notable. Un tel groupement conditionne l'affinité pour les surfaces nettement polaires, pour l'eau en particulier, et le caractère hydrophile de la molécule. [Définition normalisée par l'ISO.]  1, record 16, French, - groupement%20polaire

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 OBS

groupement polaire : terme normalisé par l'ISO.  2, record 16, French, - groupement%20polaire

Record 16,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 17,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Chemical finishing : Processes in which additives are applied to change the aesthetic and functional properties of a material. Examples are the application of antioxidants, flame retardants, wetting agents, and stain and water repellents.  2, record 17, English, - finishing

Record 17,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Apprêtage : Toutes opérations, généralement finales, appliquées aux articles textiles, et destinées à leur conférer des propriétés particulières ou les qualités désirées de présentation. Ces opérations sont encore souvent appelées "apprêt". [Définition normalisée par l'AFNOR et reproduite avec son autorisation.]  3, record 17, French, - appr%C3%AAtage

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Apprêt : Opération que l'on fait subir à des matières premières (cuirs, textiles) avant de les travailler ou de les présenter. [Voir] Apprêtage. Apprêts des tissus : beetlage, calandrage, cati, catissage, crêpage, cylindrage, empesage, encollage, étendage, feutrage, foulage, foulonnage, gaufrage, gommage, grillage, humectage, lustrage, moirage, pressage, rame (mise en), séchage, tirage, tondage, vaporisage.  4, record 17, French, - appr%C3%AAtage

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Le terme «apprêt» désigne aussi une substance ou mélange de substances incorporé au matériaux textiles pour leur conférer des propriétés désirées.  5, record 17, French, - appr%C3%AAtage

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 2 OBS

apprêtage; apprêt : termes normalisés par l'AFNOR.  5, record 17, French, - appr%C3%AAtage

Record 17,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 18,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In recent years studies of enzyme conformational changes have become highly sophisticated. By a variety of physical techniques they have revealed the great complexity of response of enzymes to small molecules.... One method uses ultrasonics to study the pH induced conformational transition in the active centers of the enzymes. The method utilizes the observation that ultrasonic cavitation produces hydroxyl and hydroperoxyl free radicals in water solution. Penetration of these radicals into the enzyme active center results in enzyme inactivation due to destruction of certain functional groups important for the catalytic activity, typically tryptophan residues.... Thus, a kinetic study of the enzyme ultrasonic inactivation allows us to determine the parameters associated with the conformational changes in the enzyme active center.  1, record 18, English, - ultrasonic%20cavitation

Record 18,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Cavitation aux ultrasons. On crée un phénomène de cavitation (création de petites bulles à pression réduite) dans l'eau qui baigne la pièce à décontaminer, par des ultrasons. Ils produisent des variations de pression à fréquence élevée qui décollent les éléments contaminants déposés sur la surface à décontaminer. Cette méthode n'est utilisable qu'en atelier sur des pièces de volume limité et de géométrie favorable.  1, record 18, French, - cavitation%20aux%20ultrasons

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 OBS

«cavitation» : Formation de vide partiel dans un liquide dû à une séparation de constituants ou à un départ de gaz, notamment par action des ultrasons mais plus fréquemment au sein d'un liquide en mouvement, lorsque la pression dans le liquide devient inférieure à la tension de vapeur de celui-ci.  2, record 18, French, - cavitation%20aux%20ultrasons

Record 18,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 19,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Chemical reaction in which one substituent (atom or group of atoms) in a compound is replaced by another substituent.  1, record 19, English, - substitution%20reaction

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Specific acid-base catalysis by H⁺ or OH^- is of relatively limited importance in enzymatic reactions, but general acid-base catalysis is much more likely to be involved in the actions of enzymes. Many types of organic reactions occurring in cells--the addition of water to carbonyl groups, the hydrolysis of carboxylic and phosphoric esters, the elimination of water to form double bonds, and many substitutions reactions--are subject to this type of catalysis. Moreover, enzyme molecules are known to contain several kinds of functional groups capable of acting as general acids or general bases, e. g., amino, carboxyl, sulfhydryl, phenolic hydroxyl, and imidazole groups.  2, record 19, English, - substitution%20reaction

Record 19,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les principales réactions de la chimie organique sont conditionnées à la fois par les molécules qui les subissent et les réactifs chimiques qui les provoquent. (...) Dans ce contexte, les quatre grandes classes de mécanismes réactionnels en chimie organique se rassemblent dans les rubriques suivantes : - les réactions de substitution, - les réactions d'élimination, - les réactions d'addition, - les réactions radicalaires.  1, record 19, French, - r%C3%A9action%20de%20substitution

Record 19,  Textual support,  Spanish