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FUNDAMENTAL ASSUMPTION [5 records]

Record 1 2020-02-04

English

Subject field(s)
  • Physics
  • Statistics
DEF

[A branch of statistical mechanics that is] based on the fundamental assumption that all possible configurations of a given system, which satisfy the given boundary conditions such as temperature, volume and number of particles, are equally likely to occur.

CONT

Equilibrium statistical mechanics provides the fundamental basis for the thermodynamics of a given system in terms of its Hamiltonian and the characteristics of its environment ...

French

Domaine(s)
  • Physique
  • Statistique
CONT

L'objectif de la thermodynamique statistique est de relier la description microscopique [...] d'un système à sa description macroscopique [...]

Spanish

Save record 1

Record 2 2015-06-03

English

Subject field(s)
  • Law of Contracts (common law)
CONT

... the mistaken assumption is fundamental : the assumption is of real importance and has a serious effect on the economics of the transaction and the expectations of the defendant...

French

Domaine(s)
  • Droit des contrats (common law)

Spanish

Save record 2

Record 3 2012-02-07

English

Subject field(s)
  • Organization Planning
DEF

In project planning, a factor accepted as true without proof.

CONT

The clarification of assumptions in long-range planning is of fundamental importance. Such assumption may hold up when planning involves only one or two years.

OBS

assumption: term usually used in the plural.

Key term(s)
  • assumptions

French

Domaine(s)
  • Planification d'organisation
DEF

Dans un processus de planification, facteur estimé être vrai sans en avoir de preuve.

CONT

Cette préparation du [plan] repose [...] sur des hypothèses politiques et sociales, économiques et commerciales, d'évolution technologique, d'actions de la concurrence.

OBS

hypothèse : terme habituellement utilisé au pluriel.

Key term(s)
  • hypothèses

Spanish

Campo(s) temático(s)
  • Planificación de organización
Save record 3

Record 4 2011-11-02

English

Subject field(s)
  • Textile Industries
  • Thread Spinning (Textiles)
CONT

... Instron testing will measure the breaking strength and elongation of single fibers ... we could determine single fiber strength ... it may be possible to determine breaking strength and elongation for individual fibers in a cotton bundle ... Based on a new model for estimating single fiber tensile properties from HVI bundle tensile data, the variance of breaking elongations was estimated for all fibers ... the estimated standard deviation of the single fiber elongation decreases, the strength of yarn increases, confirming a research hypothesis.

CONT

... a single fibre analysis from the micromechanical properties of fibre... The fundamental assumption in a single fibre analysis is the existence of a symmetric fibre within a matrix segment between cracks... The macro-mechanical behaviour is derived from a single fibre analysis....

French

Domaine(s)
  • Industries du textile
  • Filature (Textiles)
CONT

Fibre unitaire [...] Méthode de mesure des propriétés dynamométriques du coton sur fibre unitaire. Un modèle mathématique pour prédire la résistance sur faisceau à partir de la résistance mesurée sur fibre unitaire est proposée. Corrélation entre la résistance sur fibre unitaire et la ténacité du fil.

Spanish

Save record 4

Record 5 1996-05-13

English

Subject field(s)
  • Radiation Protection
  • Nuclear Waste Materials
CONT

Biological effects of ionizing radiation. ... at the upper end of the scale, there is no radiation exposure so high it will guarantee that every exposed individual will suffer the effect. Nor at the lower end is any exposure so low that it will carry no risk to anyone of inducing the effect. These radiation effects are therefore said to have "no threshold." Logically, it follows that any exposure to radiation, no matter how small, carries some risk and that any reduction in exposure, even from an already very low level, confers some benefit. However, it is not always appreciated that the absence of a "safe" threshold is a theoretical assumption and a safety precaution rather than something that can be proven. It is also not well understood that the toxic effects of radiation, for which there is no defined safe level, may not differ fundamentally from those of some chemical toxins for which a "safe" level in the body or in the environment has been declared.

CONT

Complicating the problem of public perceptions of the level of risk associated with radioactive wastes is the confusion induced by two fundamental principles of radio-biological and radiation protection theory. The first is the "no-threshold" hypothesis, and the second is the "as low as reasonably achievable, "or ALARA, principle. The first principle holds that there is no threshold below which exposure to radiation is entirely safe. The "no threshold" hypothesis-that any exposure to ionizing radiation, no matter how small, will increase the probability of a harmful consequence to an exposed individual-is an important scientific concept.... it is generally agreed that it is wise to err on the side of safety and work from the assumption that there is no safe level.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Radioprotection
  • Déchets nucléaires
OBS

Voir aussi le terme anglais «threshold limit value».

Spanish

Campo(s) temático(s)
  • Protección contra la radiación
  • Desechos nucleares
Save record 5

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