TERMIUM Plus^®

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Everything that we can see and touch is made up of particles, the basic building blocks of nature. Particles like protons, neutrons, and electrons compose the atoms of the computer or phone you are touching right now.... Many technologies we commonly use today are the results of research spin-off from particle physics. These byproducts were developed to build and run experiments or to support the activities of the particle physics community. Two impactful examples include medical scanners used in hospitals and the World Wide Web. Both are indirect products of fundamental research conducted by particle physicists while conducting their primary research.  1, record 1, English, - particle%20physicist

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Record 2,  Textual support,  English

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A positively charged elementary particle that is a fundamental constituent of all atomic nuclei.  2, record 2, English, - proton

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proton: designation officially approved by the Lexicon Project Committee (New Brunswick).  3, record 2, English, - proton

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Particule élémentaire de charge électrique positive, entrant dans la constitution du noyau de l'atome.  2, record 2, French, - proton

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proton : désignation uniformisée par le Comité du projet de lexiques (Nouveau-Brunswick).  3, record 2, French, - proton

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Partícula elemental con carga eléctrica positiva, que forma parte del núcleo del átomo.  1, record 2, Spanish, - prot%C3%B3n

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The antiparticle of the quark, having baryon number, electric charge, color, and strangeness of sign opposite that of the quark.  2, record 3, English, - antiquark

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An antiquark is a fundamental particle that makes up most of the mass in the antimatter. Each antiquark has an electrical charge, a baryon number, and a strange number.  3, record 3, English, - antiquark

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Antiparticule du quark.  2, record 3, French, - antiquark

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Superstrings are the supposed basic constituents of matter in fundamental string theory or M-theory, which is at present the leading contender as a unified theory of all particle interactions including gravity.  2, record 4, English, - cosmic%20superstring

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The size of particles can be determined from the manner in which they scatter light. However, variations in the intensity and/or angle of the light source can yield different results. Hence, precise measurement and control of the light's characteristics is fundamental to obtaining good particle size data.  2, record 5, English, - particle%20size%20data

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donnée sur la taille des particules : désignation habituellement utilisée au pluriel.  2, record 5, French, - donn%C3%A9e%20sur%20la%20taille%20des%20particules

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Any of a number of very small elements that make up a three-dimensional image, as on a visual display unit.  3, record 6, English, - voxel

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In programmable matter, a voxel is a fundamental unit from which complex devices could be built. A voxel could be a synthetic particle of varying size made from materials ranging from silicon to ceramics to plastics to titanium. Voxels could be tailored to behave as any one of a wide range of subsystems–an energy-storage device, an insulator, a protective shell, an antenna or even a microcomputer. Voxels could be assembled and, together, programmed to change shape or function and collectively form different objects.  2, record 6, English, - voxel

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[..] sabiendo que cada vóxel posee un valor de propiedad que se puede interpretar como el nivel de ocupación de material en dicho espacio, se puede considerar que, con el empuje adecuado, el material se desplaza de forma macroscópica de un vóxel a otro vecino, realizándose una transferencia efectiva de partículas.  1, record 6, Spanish, - v%C3%B3xel

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A fundamental interaction experienced by elementary particles(as hadrons) that is more powerful than any other known force and is responsible for the binding together of neutrons and protons in the atomic nucleus and for processes of particle creation in high-energy collisions.  5, record 7, English, - strong%20nuclear%20force

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[Interaction] élémentaire responsable de la force forte et transmise par les gluons.  3, record 7, French, - interaction%20nucl%C3%A9aire%20forte

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Pour les spécialistes de la physique nucléaire, l'interaction forte désigne donc la force responsable de la cohésion des noyaux atomiques. Sans interaction forte, le noyau des atomes cèderait à la répulsion électrostatique des protons entre eux.  4, record 7, French, - interaction%20nucl%C3%A9aire%20forte

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A particle accelerator used by physicists to study the smallest known particles – the fundamental building blocks of all things.  3, record 8, English, - Large%20Hadron%20Collider

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The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is a gigantic scientific instrument near Geneva, where it spans the border between Switzerland and France about 100 m underground.  3, record 8, English, - Large%20Hadron%20Collider

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Accélérateur de particules, avec lequel les physiciens étudient les plus petites particules connues : les composants fondamentaux de la matière.  5, record 8, French, - Grand%20collisionneur%20de%20hadrons

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Acelerador y colisionador de partículas [diseñado] para colisionar haces de hadrones, más exactamente de protones de 7 TeV [teraelectronvoltio] de energía, siendo su propósito principal examinar la validez y límites del Modelo Estándar, el cual es actualmente el marco teórico de la física de partículas, del que se conoce su ruptura a niveles de energía altos.  1, record 8, Spanish, - gran%20colisionador%20de%20hadrones

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El gran colisionador de hadrones (en inglés large hadron collider o LHC, siglas por las que es generalmente conocido) es un acelerador de partículas (o acelerador y colisionador de partículas) ubicado en la actualmente denominada Organización Europea para la Investigación Nuclear [...] cerca de Ginebra, en la frontera franco-suiza.  1, record 8, Spanish, - gran%20colisionador%20de%20hadrones

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Supersymmetry simply stated(say it ten times fast) says that each kind of particle that constitutes matter has a related force-carrying particle(Mukerjee, 90). Under the theory, fermion sand bosons are really just manifestations of one type of truly fundamental supersymmetrical particle that, at low energies, manifests itself in the apparently dissimilar fermions and bosons. The only problem with supersymmetry thus far is that there has yet to be any experimental evidence of a supersymmetrical particle.  2, record 9, English, - supersymmetrical%20particle

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On pourra [...] chercher parmi les débris de la désintégration du Z° les traces de certaines particules encore hypothétiques mais qui jouent un rôle crucial dans l'unification des forces fondamentales. [...] [Parmi ces] nouvelles particules [figureraient les] «particules supersymétriques» [...]  2, record 9, French, - particule%20supersym%C3%A9trique

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The Standard Model of particles came about as a theoretical interpretation to cap the super-production of sub-atomic particles. It constitutes an effort to offer a theoretical ordering of the most elementary particles, the fundamental ones. In spite of that effort, or because of it, the 150-200(and still counting) sub-atomic particles being identified today within collision physics is once again being referred to as the particle zoo.  1, record 10, English, - particle%20zoo

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Au XXe siècle, les progrès de la physique nucléaire et de la physique quantique, culminant avec les preuves de la fission nucléaire et fusion nucléaire, donna naissance à une industrie capable de produire un atome à partie d'un autre, rendant même possible (mais non rentable économiquement) la transmutation de plomb en or. Tout au long des années 1950 et des années 1960, une variété ahurissante de particules a été trouvée lors d'expériences de dispersion. Ceci fut appelé le zoo de particules.  1, record 10, French, - zoo%20de%20particules

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The Standard Model of particles came about as a theoretical interpretation to cap the super-production of sub-atomic particles. It constitutes an effort to offer a theoretical ordering of the most elementary particles, the fundamental ones. In spite of that effort, or because of it, the 150-200(and still counting) sub-atomic particles being identified today within collision physics is once again being referred to as the particle zoo.  1, record 11, English, - collision%20physics

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Branche de la physique consacrée à l’étude et à la description des phénomènes de collisions entre particules atomiques.  2, record 11, French, - physique%20des%20collisions

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Nuclear magnetic resonance is a consequence of a property possessed by the nucleus known as nuclear spin angular momentum. Some properties associated with nuclear spin angular momentum are similar to those of a spinning macroscopic body, however, nuclear spin angular momentum is a fundamental property that cannot be explained in terms of any other fundamental property such as mass, charge, etc. Nuclear spin angular momentum—like the angular momentum of any other fundamental particle —is a quantized vectorial quantity. Its magnitude is restricted to certain fixed values and its direction is also restricted to certain directions in the presence of a magnetic field. In the absence of a magnetic field, it is not possible to obtain any information regarding its direction.  1, record 12, English, - nuclear%20spin%20angular%20momentum%20vector

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Caractéristiques du noyau. Tous les atomes, sauf ceux dont le nombre de masse et le numéro atomique sont simultanément pairs […] possèdent un nombre quantique de spin nucléaire non nul I, entier ou demi-entier, plus simplement appelé le spin. Le noyau étant regardé comme une sphère en rotation autour d’un axe (to spin : tourner en anglais), le vecteur moment angulaire de spin nucléaire associé à ce mouvement est noté I.  1, record 12, French, - vecteur%20moment%20angulaire%20de%20spin%20nucl%C3%A9aire

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Record 13,  Textual support,  English

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The dressing or processing of ores for the purpose of (1) regulating the size of a desired product, (2) removing unwanted constituents, and (3) improving the quality, purity, or assay grade of a desired product.  3, record 13, English, - beneficiation

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Beneficiation... consists of two fundamental operations : the determination that an individual particle is either a mineral or a gangue particle(selection) ;and the movement of selected particles via different paths(separation) into the concentrate and tailing products.  4, record 13, English, - beneficiation

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Beneficiation reduces the ore bulk and leaves a high-grade concentrated product. This is accomplished by employing a variety of processes based on differences in certain mineral properties, such as specific gravity, magnetic properties, and chemical properties.  5, record 13, English, - beneficiation

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Recrystallization ... results in upgrading the quality of ore for concentration, beneficiation, and metallurgical recovery by increasing grain size of the ore minerals.  6, record 13, English, - beneficiation

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The term ore dressing is broader in scope than beneficiation.  7, record 13, English, - beneficiation

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Ensemble de divers procédés mécaniques, physiques ou physico-chimiques ayant pour but d'augmenter la concentration en élément utile des minerais, de rendre ceux-ci plus faciles à traiter par les processus ultérieurs des réactions métallurgiques, et enfin d'éliminer des parties stériles, telles que les gangues, avant les traitements d'élaboration.  3, record 13, French, - valorisation

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La demande croissante en substances minérales, ayant pour corollaire l'exploitation des gisements de plus faible teneur, a conduit à développer des méthodes d'enrichissement de minerai de plus en plus sélectives [...]  3, record 13, French, - valorisation

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Dans les formations anciennes [...], on trouve fréquemment [...] d'énormes étendues de quartzites ferrifères, les taconites [...] à teneur assez faible (25 à 45 % Fe), exigeant donc un enrichissement préalable.  4, record 13, French, - valorisation

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La recristallisation [...], en augmentant la granulométrie des phases métallifères, améliore la qualité du minerai en ce qui a trait aux processus de concentration, de valorisation et de récupération métallurgique.  5, record 13, French, - valorisation

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Record 14,  Textual support,  English

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Japanese Experiment Module "Kibo". The SPCF(Solution Protein Crystal Growth Facility)... can provide opportunities for fundamental study of crystal growth of various solutions and proteins in space. SPCF consists of two major units, the Solution Crystallization Observation Facility(SCOF) and the Protein Crystallization Research Facility(PCRF). The SCOF has a cell cartridge for growing the crystal in solution. The temperature of crystal can be controlled. Moreover the SCOF provides the in-situ observation capability. The SCOF has several observation equipment, the two wavelength Mach-Zehnder interferometer microscope, the Michelson interferometer microscope and the light scattering measurement. They provide the capability to observe the crystallization morphology and the crystal surface and to measure the temperature of the liquid phase, the concentration distribution and the particle size.  2, record 14, English, - solution%20crystallization%20observation%20facility

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The Solution Crystallization Observation Facility (SCOF) is installed in a 1/4 DR [drawer] space in the JEM [Japanese Experiment Module]. The SCOF consists of the main unit and a removable unit (cell cartridge), which can contain a maxximum of 4 sets of crystal growth cells. The main unit contains various observation apparatus, and various experiments that can be executed by changing the cell cartridges.  3, record 14, English, - solution%20crystallization%20observation%20facility

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solution crystallization observation facility; SCOF: term and abbreviation officially approved by the International Space Station official approval Group (ISSOAG).  4, record 14, English, - solution%20crystallization%20observation%20facility

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bloc d'observation de la croissance des cristaux en solution; SCOF : terme et abréviation uniformisés par le Groupe de travail de la terminologie de la Station spatiale internationale (GTTSSI).  2, record 14, French, - bloc%20d%27observation%20de%20la%20croissance%20des%20cristaux%20en%20solution

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Record 15,  Textual support,  English

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a fundamental interaction experienced by elementary particles that is responsible for some particle decay processes, for nuclear beta decay, and for emission and absorption of neutrinos.  2, record 15, English, - weak%20interaction

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Above [10¹⁵ degrees Kelvin], the force responsible for nuclear decay and for the energy of the sun, known as the weak interaction, is profoundly changed in character: the condensate responsible for making the weak interactions weak vaporizes.  3, record 15, English, - weak%20interaction

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Aux deux champs fondamentaux responsables [des phénomènes de la gravitation et de l'électromagnétisme] s'en ajoutent en réalité deux autres, apparus avec la physique nucléaire [...]: ce sont le champ des interactions "fortes" (ou nucléaires) [...], et le champ des interactions "faibles", qui se manifeste dans la radioactivité [bêta] des noyaux et dans la plupart des désintégrations des particules élémentaires.  2, record 15, French, - interaction%20faible

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