TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Personal data protection is a fundamental right in the European Union. Personal data is everything that identifies an individual, including names, telephone numbers, email addresses, date of birth, photographs, and other identifying information.  3, record 1, English, - personal%20data%20protection

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

personal data protection: not to be confuse with "personal information protection." The designations "personal data protection" and "personal information protection" are often used interchangeably; however, subtle distinctions arise depending on cultural, technical, and legal contexts. Generally, "personal data protection" is the broader and more legally precise designation.  4, record 1, English, - personal%20data%20protection

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La protection des données à caractère personnel fait référence aux pratiques, politiques et lois destinées à protéger les données de chaque personne contre l'accès non autorisé, l'utilisation abusive ou la divulgation. Elle englobe diverses mesures visant à garantir que les données à caractère personnel sont collectées, stockées, traitées et partagées d'une manière qui respecte la vie privée des personnes et est conforme aux lois et réglementations applicables.  2, record 1, French, - protection%20des%20donn%C3%A9es%20personnelles

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

La Ley de Protección de Datos Personales reconoce y protege el derecho que tienen todas las personas a conocer, actualizar y rectificar las informaciones que se hayan recogido sobre ellas en bases de datos o archivos que sean susceptibles de tratamiento por entidades de naturaleza pública o privada.  2, record 1, Spanish, - protecci%C3%B3n%20de%20datos%20personales

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Academic freedom is the freedom to teach and conduct research in an academic environment.... In teaching, academic freedom is fundamental to the protection of the rights of the teacher to teach and of the student to learn. In research and scholarship, it is critical to advancing knowledge. Academic freedom includes the right to freely communicate knowledge and the results of research and scholarship.  2, record 2, English, - academic%20freedom

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

J'entendrai ici par liberté universitaire le fait que les professeurs d'université disposent d'une grande latitude pour déterminer le contenu des cours qu'ils donnent et choisir l'objet de leurs travaux de recherche.  3, record 2, French, - libert%C3%A9%20universitaire

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Everything that we can see and touch is made up of particles, the basic building blocks of nature. Particles like protons, neutrons, and electrons compose the atoms of the computer or phone you are touching right now.... Many technologies we commonly use today are the results of research spin-off from particle physics. These byproducts were developed to build and run experiments or to support the activities of the particle physics community. Two impactful examples include medical scanners used in hospitals and the World Wide Web. Both are indirect products of fundamental research conducted by particle physicists while conducting their primary research.  1, record 3, English, - particle%20physicist

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

… a political party in the province of Quebec, Canada, that is dedicated to ending cannabis prohibition and setting the ground for a more sensible and comprehensive drug policy.  1, record 4, English, - Bloc%20Pot

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

A key component of the Bloc Pot platform is [its] commitment to provide greater accessibility to medical marijuana, as a way of ensuring the fundamental right to health. … Through education, [the Bloc Pot] encourages responsible behavior among recreational drug users—no matter the legal status of the substance they choose to consume. [It] also promotes the use of hemp derivatives, as economically and ecologically sustainable alternatives to fossil fuels and hazardous petrochemical products.  1, record 4, English, - Bloc%20Pot

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[…] parti politique enregistré dans la province de Québec (Canada) et fondé en septembre 1998 à Montréal [dont l']objectif est de mettre fin à la prohibition du cannabis, et de fournir des pistes de réflexion quant à l'éventuelle légalisation de celui-ci.  1, record 4, French, - Bloc%20Pot

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

[Le Bloc Pot] veut également faire en sorte que l'utilisation de toutes les drogues, licites ou illicites, se fasse de manière responsable, éclairée et sécuritaire.  1, record 4, French, - Bloc%20Pot

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[The] celebrated Canadian author... is facing a social media backlash after voicing concerns about some aspects of the #MeToo movement in a newspaper opinion piece and for affirming "the right to fundamental justice" and due process for individuals accused of sexual misconduct and their alleged victims.  2, record 5, English, - social%20media%20backlash

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

In accordance with the purpose of the World Food Summit [held in 1996], the Rome Declaration on World Food Security and the World Food Summit Plan of Action were adopted by Heads, Deputy Heads, and high-level representatives of the States. The Rome Declaration reaffirms "the right of everyone to have access to safe and nutritious food, consistent with the right to adequate food and the fundamental right of everyone to be free from hunger...  2, record 6, English, - Rome%20Declaration%20on%20World%20Food%20Security

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Le [Sommet mondial de l'alimentation] de 1996 a mis en présence près de 10 000 participants et a abouti à l'adoption de la Déclaration de Rome sur la sécurité alimentaire mondiale et du Plan d'action du Sommet mondial de l'alimentation. La Déclaration de Rome énonce sept engagements qui établissent les fondements d'une sécurité alimentaire durable pour tous [...]  2, record 6, French, - D%C3%A9claration%20de%20Rome%20sur%20la%20s%C3%A9curit%C3%A9%20alimentaire%20mondiale

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Where a decision is contested on the basis that the administrative body's exercise of the delegated power is vitiated by the violation of a fundamental right, the only way to determine whether the infringement of the constitutional standard is justified is to consider the fundamental rights in issue and how they have been applied.  1, record 7, English, - constitutional%20standard

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 2 CONT

... notice and participation are not required to satisfy the minimal constitutional norm.  1, record 7, English, - constitutional%20standard

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Lorsqu'on attaque une décision en prétendant que l'exercice par l'organisme administratif du pouvoir délégué est vicié du fait de la violation d'un droit fondamental, seule une analyse des droits fondamentaux en cause et de la manière dont ils ont été mis en œuvre permet de déterminer si la violation de la norme constitutionnelle est justifiée.  1, record 7, French, - norme%20constitutionnelle

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 2 CONT

[...] le préavis et la participation ne sont pas requis pour satisfaire à la norme constitutionnelle minimale.  1, record 7, French, - norme%20constitutionnelle

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 8,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The right to remain silent is a principle of fundamental justice of which the accused was entitled to avail himself, and the trial judge could not draw any inference against him for having exercised that right.  3, record 8, English, - right%20to%20silence

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 OBS

right to remain silent: without such silence being a consideration in the determination of guilt or innocence.  4, record 8, English, - right%20to%20silence

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 2 OBS

right to remain silent: expression and observation reproduced from the Glosario Provisional de Términos Jurídicos with the permission of the United Nations Office at Geneva.  5, record 8, English, - right%20to%20silence

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le droit de garder le silence est un principe de justice fondamentale dont l'accusé était en droit de se prévaloir et la juge du procès ne pouvait tirer une conclusion défavorable de son exercice.  3, record 8, French, - droit%20au%20silence

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 OBS

droit au silence; droit de garder le silence : termes tirés du Mini-lexique de l'arrestation et de la détention et reproduits avec l'autorisation du Centre de ressources en français juridique de l'Université de Saint-Boniface.  4, record 8, French, - droit%20au%20silence

Record 8,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Derecho a no contestar a las preguntas de la policía y a permanecer callado en el juicio.  1, record 8, Spanish, - derecho%20a%20no%20declarar

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 OBS

derecho a guardar silencio: sin que tal actitud pueda valorarse para la determinación de su culpabilidad o inocencia del presunto culpable.  3, record 8, Spanish, - derecho%20a%20no%20declarar

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 2 OBS

derecho a guardar silencio: expresión y observación reproducidas del Glosario Provisional de Términos Jurídicos con la autorización de la Oficina de las Naciones Unidas en Ginebra.  4, record 8, Spanish, - derecho%20a%20no%20declarar

Record 9,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Common stockholders have certain fundamental legal rights, including preemptive rights; the right in most cases, to vote for the board of directors,... the right to transfer any or all shares of stock owned; and the right to receive dividends when they are declared by the board of directors.  4, record 9, English, - common%20stockholder

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'actionnaire privilégié se trouve dans une situation intermédiaire entre les créanciers et les actionnaires ordinaires de la compagnie.  2, record 9, French, - actionnaire%20ordinaire

Record 9,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 10,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Although the expression "repudiation" is usually employed to describe an express or implied refusal on the part of a promisor to perform his contractual obligations, the expression "repudiatory breach" has recently been employed to describe any breach capable of giving rise to a right to terminate at common law. The expression encompasses both breach of condition and... "fundamental breach"....  1, record 10, English, - repudiatory%20breach

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

Record 10,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 11,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A breach of contract, no matter what form it may take, always entitles the innocent party to maintain an action for damages, but the rule established by a long line of authorities is that the right of a party to treat a contract as discharged arises only in two types of case. Firstly, where the party in default has repudiated the contract before performance is due or before it has been fully performed. Secondly, where the party in default has committed what in modern judicial parlance is called a fundamental breach.  3, record 11, English, - defaulter

Record 11,  Textual support,  French

Record 11,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Parte que falta a sus obligaciones.  1, record 11, Spanish, - parte%20incumpliente

Record 12,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The successful transformation of a dead body to a mummy requires that its components reach a state in which they are thermodynamically stable and kinetically inert.... The three fundamental preservation types in which these properties have been observed are mummification by desiccation, transformation to adipocere, and tanning in the acidic bog environment... Desiccation, or the drying of soft tissues, can occur naturally under the right conditions, resulting in mummification. The moisture escapes from the body through the skin and surface membranes, especially those of the mouth and nose...  1, record 12, English, - mummification%20by%20desiccation

Record 12,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'un des exemples de momification par dessication les plus connus est celui de la momie Ginger. Ginger est une momie retrouvée en Égypte mais qui n'a pas bénéficié des techniques éprouvées de momification mises en place par les anciens Égyptiens. Elle a tout simplement été enterrée il y a 5 300 ans et s'est desséchée toute seule dans le sable chaud du pays.  1, record 12, French, - momification%20par%20dessication

Record 12,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 13,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Action indispensable to forestall an imminent threat to a right or to redress the actual violation of such a right. One of the seven fundamental principles of international law.  1, record 13, English, - self%2Ddefence

Record 13,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Sens propre de ce terme en droit international : Réaction immédiate et spontanée d'un État, agissant sous sa responsabilité, par des moyens qui peuvent être en eux-mêmes contraires au droit international contre une action de force illicite accomplie ou tolérée par l'État frappé par cette réaction et qui trouve sa justification exceptionnelle dans le fait que l'emploi de ces moyens, proportionnés aux exigences de la situation, s'est imposé de manière impérieuse. Exception de légitime défense : dérogation justifiée par ce motif à une règle de droit international, p. ex. : au respect dû au territoire, aux eaux territoriales d'un autre État, à son pavillon en haute-mer, à l'engagement de non-recours à la guerre ou à la force.  1, record 13, French, - l%C3%A9gitime%20d%C3%A9fense

Record 13,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 14,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Among the points to be welcomed, MEPs[ Members of the European Parliament] highlight the inclusion of the Charter of Fundamental Rights, the simplification of EU [European Union] acts, the abolition of the pillar structure, the wider use of the co-decision procedure and of qualified majority voting, the election of the President of the Commission by Parliament, the introduction of the citizen's right of legislative initiative, the possibility of structural co-operation in security and defence policy "while respecting Alliance commitments", and the separation of the Euratom Treaty from the legal structure of the future Constitution.  1, record 14, English, - citizen%27s%20right%20of%20legislative%20initiative

Record 14,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[...] la dernière institue un droit d’initiative législative pour les citoyens, donnant ainsi la possibilité de mettre en place un débat.  1, record 14, French, - droit%20d%27initiative%20l%C3%A9gislative%20pour%20les%20citoyens

Record 14,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 15,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The Institute of Cultural Affairs International undertakes programs, together with our member organizations. The mission of The Institute is to advocate for and actualize the fundamental right of all peoples to define and shape their own futures, toward the goal of realizing sustainable, just solutions to human challenges.  2, record 15, English, - Institute%20of%20Cultural%20Affairs%20International

Record 15,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 OBS

L’Institut des affaires culturelles International est un réseau mondial d’organisations nationales membres. Sa mission est de plaider et faire respecter le droit fondamental de toute personne de définir et de façonner son propre avenir, en vue de mettre en place des solutions durables et justes aux défis humains.  2, record 15, French, - Institut%20des%20affaires%20culturelles%20International

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Appellation et abréviation confirmées par l'organisme. Le mot «International» prend la majuscule et est relié au mot «Institut» et non pas aux «affaires cutlurelles».  3, record 15, French, - Institut%20des%20affaires%20culturelles%20International

Record 15,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 16,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The tendency of any rotating body, if undisturbed, to maintain its plane of rotation.  5, record 16, English, - gyroscopic%20inertia

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Rigidity in space. The gyroscope resists turning. When it is "gimbaled" (free to move in a given direction) such that it is free to move either in 1, 2 or 3 dimensions, any surface such as an instrument dial attached to the gyro assembly will remain rigid in space even though the case of the gyro turns. The attitude indicator (AI) and the heading indicator (HI) use this property of rigidity in space for their operation.  6, record 16, English, - gyroscopic%20inertia

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 2 CONT

The turning of the frisbee mostly produces "stability", that is the spinning keeps the frisbee level in flight due to the "gyroscopic" effect, i.e. any spinning disc likes to stay spinning at the same angle.  8, record 16, English, - gyroscopic%20inertia

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 3 CONT

A gyroscope is any rotating body that exhibits two fundamental properties : gyroscopic inertia, or rigidity in space, and precession, the tilting of the axis at right angles to any force tending to alter the plane of rotation. These properties are inherent in all rotating bodies, including the earth itself.  9, record 16, English, - gyroscopic%20inertia

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 PHR

To remain rigid in space.  6, record 16, English, - gyroscopic%20inertia

Record 16,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Tendance qu'a un corps en rotation de maintenir son plan de rotation s'il n'est pas dérangé.  3, record 16, French, - inertie%20gyroscopique

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'inertie gyroscopique, appelée aussi effet gyroscopique, constitue la propriété fondamentale des gyroscopes. [...] Il s'agit d'un principe selon lequel tous les objets résistent naturellement à l'accélération ou au changement de direction. (Par exemple, les occupants d'une voiture sont projetés vers l'avant quand celle-ci s'arrête brusquement parce qu'en raison de leur inertie, les corps continuent leur mouvement vers l'avant même si la voiture s'est arrêtée.) Lorsqu'on parle d'inertie gyroscopique, on fait allusion à l'inertie que possède un corps qui tourne. Tous les objets tournant autour d'un axe ont tendance à maintenir une orientation fixe, c'est-à-dire une direction de rotation et une position fixes, si aucune force n'intervient. En d'autres mots, un objet qui tourne a tendance à rester dans la même position.  2, record 16, French, - inertie%20gyroscopique

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Un gyroscope [...] utilise [...] la propriété caractéristique d'inertialité (fixité dans l'espace absolu), totale ou partielle de certains phénomènes physiques.  8, record 16, French, - inertie%20gyroscopique

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Certains spécialistes contestent l'emploi du terme «rigidité» qui semble être un calque de l'anglais occasionnant un non-sens en français.  11, record 16, French, - inertie%20gyroscopique

Record 16,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 17,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 CONT

As soon as a State becomes an international person, it begins to enjoy certain fundamental or essential rights which in the words of the Charter of the Organization of American States depend "upon the mere fact of its existence as a person under international law".(Article 6) Among such rights is that of establishing diplomatic relations and missions, which has traditionally been known as the right of legation.  1, record 17, English, - right%20of%20legation

Record 17,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Droit pour un État d'envoyer à d'autres États (droit de légation actif) et d'en recevoir (droit de légation passif) des agents diplomatiques quel que soit leur titre ou leur rang.  1, record 17, French, - droit%20de%20l%C3%A9gation

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La représentation des États, les uns chez les autres, [...] constitue un droit des États, le droit de légation. On dit aussi droit de représentation et, moins correctement, droit d'ambassade.  1, record 17, French, - droit%20de%20l%C3%A9gation

Record 17,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[Derecho] que tienen los estados soberanos para enviar y recibir agentes diplomáticos.  1, record 17, Spanish, - derecho%20de%20legaci%C3%B3n

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Se considera derecho de legación activo a la facultad que tiene un estado para enviar una misión diplomática, y derecho de legación pasivo a la facultad de recibirla. No existe obligación de ejercer el derecho de legación. Algunos autores consideran al derecho de legación como uno de los atributos de la soberanía.  1, record 17, Spanish, - derecho%20de%20legaci%C3%B3n

Record 18,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Water is a limited natural resource and a public good fundamental for life and heath. The human right to water is indispensable for leading a life in human dignity. It is a prerequisite for the realization of other human rights.  1, record 18, English, - human%20right%20to%20water

Record 18,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La recherche a porté sur cinq droits humains : le droit à la santé; le droit à un logement convenable; le droit à l’eau (indissociable du droit à la santé et du droit à un logement convenable); le droit à des conditions de travail favorables; et, enfin, la liberté d’opinion et d’expression.  1, record 18, French, - droit%20%C3%A0%20l%27eau

Record 18,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 19,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The Ontario Public Supervisory Officials’ Association is the professional organization representing 300 superintendents and directors of education from the thirty-one English language Public District School Boards of Ontario. OPSOA advocates for public education as a fundamental right of all students in Ontario.  1, record 19, English, - Ontario%20Public%20Supervisory%20Officials%27%20Association

Record 19,  Textual support,  French

Record 19,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 20,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Another decision of the Superior Court of Ontario illustrates that the general staturory right to use French before the courts constitutes a substantive right that must be given full effect.  3, record 20, English, - substantive%20right

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 OBS

A right to the equal enjoyment of fundamental rights, privileges and immunities; distinguished from procedural right.  4, record 20, English, - substantive%20right

Record 20,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 OBS

en vertu du droit positif, par opposition au «adjective law» (droit procédural)  3, record 20, French, - droit

Record 20,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 21,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The fourth factor is the nature of the interest affected. This involves the right of parents to choose the language in which their children will be educated. Despite the importance some have sought to attribute to this right, it must be noted that neither in Canada nor abroad is this regarded as a fundamental right.  1, record 21, English, - nature%20of%20the%20interest%20affected

Record 21,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le quatrième facteur est la nature du droit touché. Il s'agit ici de la possibilité, pour les parents, de choisir la langue d'instruction de leurs enfants. Malgré l'importance que certains voudraient attribuer à ce droit, force est de constater que ni au Canada, ni à l'étranger, ce droit n'est considéré comme un droit fondamental.  1, record 21, French, - nature%20du%20droit%20touch%C3%A9

Record 21,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 22,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Vision : To empower humanity in the expression of maximum health, wellness and human potential through universal chiropractic expression and utilization. Mission : To advance chiropractic throughout the world as a distinct health care profession predicated upon its unique philosophy, science, and art. Objectives : Maintain and promote chiropractic' s unique identity as a non-therapeutic, drugless and surgical-free health science, based on its fundamental principles and philosophy. Provide leadership in the establishment of chiropractic licensure regulation in every nation and promote the quality and authenticity of chiropractic education. Foster the professional and technical development of the Doctor of Chiropractic through programs of continuing education, research, political, and social action. Encourage the highest professional, technical, and ethical standards for the doctor of chiropractic while safeguarding the professional welfare of its members. Champion the principle that every citizen in the world has the right to freedom of choice in health care and be able to choose unhampered the doctor and the healing art of his/her choice. Work harmoniously with other health care organizations and governments in a global humanitarian effort to foster chiropractic and spinal hygiene in the fields of family health(including children, women, and the elderly), and occupational health. Work for full inclusion of chiropractic in all public and private health care delivery programs.  1, record 22, English, - International%20Chiropractors%20Association

Record 22,  Textual support,  French

Record 22,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 23,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The right of a worker to withdraw his labour in the protection of his interests, widely regarded as a fundamental freedom connected with freedom of association.  2, record 23, English, - right%20to%20strike

Record 23,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Faculté que possède une association de décider une cessation concertée du travail lorsque certaines conditions sont remplies.  3, record 23, French, - droit%20de%20gr%C3%A8ve

Record 23,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 24,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Everyone has the right to life, liberty and security of the person and the right not to be deprived thereof except in accordance with the principles of fundamental justice.  3, record 24, English, - fundamental%20justice

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 2 CONT

It is sufficient that the case has been heard in a judicial spirit and in accordance with the principles of substantial justice ...  4, record 24, English, - fundamental%20justice

Record 24,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Chacun a droit à la vie, à la liberté et à la sécurité de sa personne; il ne peut être porté atteinte à ce droit qu'en conformité avec les principes de justice fondamentale.  2, record 24, French, - justice%20fondamentale

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Il suffit que la cause soit entendue dans un esprit d'impartialité et conformément aux principes de justice fondamentale [...]  3, record 24, French, - justice%20fondamentale

Record 24,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 25,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 CONT

This Court described the rapport between s. 8 and principles of fundamental justice in R. v. Mills, [1999] 3 S. C. R. 668, where the interests at play were the right to make full answer and defence and the complainant's privacy right.  1, record 25, English, - right%20to%20make%20full%20answer%20and%20defence

Record 25,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Dans l'arrêt R. c. Mills, [1999] 3 R.C.S. 668, portant sur le droit à une défense pleine et entière et le droit à la vie privée de la plaignante, notre Cour a précisé le lien entre l'art. 8 et les principes de justice fondamentale (par. 88) [...]  1, record 25, French, - droit%20%C3%A0%20une%20d%C3%A9fense%20pleine%20et%20enti%C3%A8re

Record 25,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 26,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Everyone has the right to decide what is to be done to one's own body. This includes the right to be free from medical treatment to which the individual does not consent. This concept of individual autonomy is fundamental to the common law and is the basis for the requirement that disclosure be made to a patient.  1, record 26, English, - individual%20autonomy

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Security of the person has an element of personal autonomy, protecting the dignity and privacy of individuals with respect to decisions concerning their own body.  1, record 26, English, - individual%20autonomy

Record 26,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[ ... ] une notion d'autonomie personnelle qui comprend, au moins, la maîtrise de l'intégrité de sa personne sans aucune intervention de l'État et l'absence de toute tension psychologique et émotionnelle imposée par l'État.  1, record 26, French, - autonomie%20individuelle

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 2 CONT

La common law, comme la [Charte canadienne des droits et libertés], reconnaît donc l'importance fondamentale de l'autonomie individuelle et de l'autodétermination dans notre système juridique.  1, record 26, French, - autonomie%20individuelle

Record 26,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 27,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Article 19 of both the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights includes the right to freedom of expression-including the right to seek, receive and impart information and ideas through any media-as a fundamental human right.  2, record 27, English, - right%20to%20freedom%20of%20expression

Record 27,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'article 19 de la Déclaration universelle des droits de l'homme et du Pacte international relatif aux droits civils et politiques inclut le droit à la liberté d'expression - y compris le droit de chercher, de recevoir et de transmettre les informations et les idées par quelque moyen que ce soit - en tant que droit humain fondamental.  2, record 27, French, - droit%20%C3%A0%20la%20libert%C3%A9%20d%27expression

Record 27,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 28,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The right of petitioning the Crown and Parliament for redress of grievances is acknowledged as a fundamental principle of the constitution and has been exercised without interruption since 1867.  3, record 28, English, - right%20to%20petition

Record 28,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le droit de présenter une pétition à la Couronne ou au Parlement en vue de redressement d'un grief est un principe constitutionnel fondamental appliqué sans interruption depuis 1867.  3, record 28, French, - droit%20de%20pr%C3%A9senter%20une%20p%C3%A9tition

Record 28,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 29,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 DEF

An important method of acquiring territorial sovereignty. It rests on the principle that the right of transferring its territory is a fundamental attribute of the sovereignty of a State.  1, record 29, English, - cession

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Any transaction (such as a gift, sale, or exchange) will be valid as a cession which sufficiently indicates an intention to transfer sovereignty from one State to another.  1, record 29, English, - cession

Record 29,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Terme employé d'ordinaire pour désigner une cession de territoire, l'opération juridique conventionnelle par laquelle un État renonce à sa souveraineté sur un territoire au profit d'un autre État qui y établit sa propre souveraineté, qu'il s'agisse d'une opération énoncée dans un traité de paix, d'une vente, d'un échange, d'une dotation, d'une rétrocession.  1, record 29, French, - cession

Record 29,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 30,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Stop the sell-off of council homes - retain and extend publicly-owned housing. "Arms length housing companies" are New Labour’s latest ruse to persuade tenants to leave the public sector - they mean higher rents and less security of tenure. Whilst there is an urgent need for improvements, local authority provision is still the best way to ensure decent housing for all and decent conditions for workers involved in housing maintenance.  2, record 30, English, - decent%20condition

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Peace is neither an unattainable ideal nor an abstract concept. It is very tangible : it is above all a right.... It is the right to security without inequality, to respect for such fund fundamental values as human rights; it is the right to live free of threats, the right to satisfy one's hunger, to work, to live in decent conditions, and above all to live in dignity. All that is peace.  3, record 30, English, - decent%20condition

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 OBS

decent condition: term often used in the plural.  4, record 30, English, - decent%20condition

Record 30,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[...] les allocations de logement dont la France a pris l'initiative [...] doivent permettre des loyers économiquement sains sans trop surcharger les [...] familles voulant se loger dans des conditions décentes.  2, record 30, French, - condition%20d%C3%A9cente

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Les sociétés de logement, les communes, les provinces, les centres publics d'aide sociale ou les agences immobilières sociales (appelés dans le code «les opérateurs immobiliers» ont reçu la mission de loger les habitants dans des conditions décentes : ainsi, ils peuvent proposer aux propriétaires un mandat de gestion ou de mise en location.  3, record 30, French, - condition%20d%C3%A9cente

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 OBS

condition décente : terme souvent utilisé au pluriel.  4, record 30, French, - condition%20d%C3%A9cente

Record 30,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 31,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 CONT

2. The purpose of this Act is to promote the fundamental right of Canadians to a healthy and safe working environment by creating a national institute concerned with the study, encouragement and cooperative advancement of occupational health and safety, in whose governing body the interests and concerns of workers, trade unions, employers, federal, provincial and territorial authorities, professional and scientific communities and the general public will be represented.  1, record 31, English, - national%20institute

Record 31,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 CONT

2. La présente loi vise à promouvoir le droit fondamental des Canadiens à un milieu de travail sain et sécuritaire et constitue, à cette fin, un institut national chargé d'étudier et de favoriser -- notamment dans un cadre coopératif -- l'hygiène et la sécurité au travail et regroupant, au sein de son organe directeur, des représentants des divers secteurs intéressés ou préoccupés par ces questions : travailleurs, syndicats, employeurs, pouvoirs publics -- tant fédéraux que provinciaux ou territoriaux -- et associations scientifiques et professionnelles, ainsi que du grand public.  1, record 31, French, - institut%20national

Record 31,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 32,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Right of any person to use this remedy to maintain or re-establish his enjoyment of the other fundamental rights embodied in the Constitution(except for the right to freedom, which is protected by habeas corpus).  2, record 32, English, - amparo

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The expression "remedy of amparo" is defined in the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights at section 64.  3, record 32, English, - amparo

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 CONT

amparo: may be invoked against any provision, agreement or decision and, in general, against any action, omission or simple material act not based on a valid administrative regulation committed by public servants or organs which has violated, violates or threatens to violate any of those rights, as well as against arbitrary actions and acts or omissions based on wrongly interpreted or improperly applied regulations. (section 70).  2, record 32, English, - amparo

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 2 CONT

amparo: may not be invoked: (a) against decisions and jurisdictional rulings of the judiciary; (b) against acts of the administrative authorities pursuant to judicial decisions, provided that such acts are carried out in accordance with the orders of the judicial authority in question; (c) against acts or decisions of the Supreme Electoral Court in electoral matters. (section 71).  2, record 32, English, - amparo

Record 32,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Recours judiciaire permettant, dans divers pays hispanophones, de demander la protection (amparo) d'un tribunal pour obtenir le respect d'un droit garanti par la constitution mais violé par le pouvoir judiciaire ou par le pouvoir exécutif.  2, record 32, French, - recours%20en%20amparo

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 OBS

droit d'amparo : est prévu à l'article 31 de la Constitution [de la République de l'Équateur] en vertu duquel toute personne pourra se pourvoir devant les institutions judiciaires désignées par la loi et demander l'adoption d'urgence de mesures visant à faire casser ou à empêcher la perpétration d'un acte d'autorité illicite, par l'administration publique, attentatoire à l'un des droits constitutionnels et susceptible de causer un dommage imminent, grave et irréparable, ou enfin à réparer immédiatement les conséquences d'un tel acte.  1, record 32, French, - recours%20en%20amparo

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 2 OBS

droit d'amparo : Veuillez consulter l'article 43 du Pacte international relatif aux droits civils et politiques par rapport à l'observation ci-haut décrite.  3, record 32, French, - recours%20en%20amparo

Record 32,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Acción judicial breve y sumaria, destinada a garantizar los derechos y libertades constitucionales distintos de la libertad física (pues ella está protegida por el habeas corpus), que tiene un ámbito distinto del de los procesos ordinarios, por cuanto estos - por su propia naturaleza - no pueden satisfacer la urgencia de la restauración de los derechos presuntamente conculcados, lo cual es un elemento esencial en el proceso de amparo.  3, record 32, Spanish, - amparo

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 CONT

El amparo aparece por primera vez en América Latina en la constitución mexicana de Yucatán de 1840 y luego es retomado en todo su vigor por la de 1917. Esta ley fundamental al igual que la de Brasil, bajo la denominación de mandato de segurança le dan gran fuerza a la institución. Es de destacar la ley orgánica de amparo de Venezuela de 1985, la que constituye un verdadero código en la materia. Pero, a nivel de nuestro continente la Convención Americana sobre Derechos Humanos (Pacto de San José de Costa Rica) prevé la aplicación del amparo en su art. 24 a los países signatarios del mismo. Dicha disposición establece que toda persona tiene derecho a un recurso sencillo y rápido o a cualquier recurso efectivo ante los jueces o tribunales competentes que los ampare contra actos que violen sus derechos fundamentales reconocidos por la constitución, la ley o la presente Convención, aún cuando tal violación sea cometida por personas que actúen en ejercicio de sus funciones judiciales.  3, record 32, Spanish, - amparo

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 OBS

amparo: La definición y el contexto del término "amparo" han sido reproducidos del volumen: El "Amparo Colectivo" Consagrado por la Reforma Constitucional del 1994.  4, record 32, Spanish, - amparo

Record 33,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The sources of international law. There is innate in man a consciousness of right and wrong, regulating his behaviour towards his fellows, the recognition of the requirement to "co-exist" with them on a reasonable footing. Human society, on the other hand, cannot function without a certain number of binding rules of conduct which must be such as to enable it to avoid bellum omnium contra omnes. These factors are the underlying causes of the birth of law in any human community. The accent may be laid on one or other of these fundamental elements, but the two are always present. These are the "sources" of the law in their philosophical, psychological, sociological connotation, the "material" sources.... The concrete ways and means, the "formal" sources of the law, differ from community to community : they are not the same in secular as in ecclesiastical communities, nor in national as in international society. These "formal" sources,... necessarily reflect the nature and structure of the community concerned : they appear as custom, legislation, bye-laws, national case law, papal bulls, treaties, resolutions of international bodies, etc., as the case may be. There is still a third sense in which the expression "sources" is used in respect of law; in this sense the metaphor does not refer to the basic or to the "formal" origins of legal rules, but to the documents and writings in which they can be found, just as in another field historians work with their "sources". These are not, of course, genuine sources of the law.  2, record 33, English, - sources%20of%20international%20law

Record 33,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Ces sources englobent les sources matérielles (ensemble des éléments auxquels se rattache la formation des règles du droit international, c'est-à-dire les sources du droit des gens, la conscience juridique commune, les principes et les faits qui expliquent l'origine profonde de l'apparition des règles juridiques) et les sources formelles (qui extériorisent, qui expriment les règles de droit), c'est-à-dire les quatre catégories de sources que la CIJ [Cour internationale de Justice] utilise pour déterminer le droit applicable aux différends dont elle est saisie.  1, record 33, French, - sources%20du%20droit%20international

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Reproduit de la Liste provisoire de termes juridiques se rapportant aux travaux de la Commission du droit international avec l'autorisation de l'Office des Nations Unies à Genève.  2, record 33, French, - sources%20du%20droit%20international

Record 33,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 34,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The ten Bandung Principles which are the foundation of the Movement of Non-Aligned Countries are as follows : 1) Respect for fundamental human rights and for the purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nations. 2) Respect for the sovereignty and territorial integrity of a nation. 3) Recognition of the equality of all races and of the equality of all nations. 4) Abstention from the intervention or interference in the internal affairs of another country. 5) Respect for the right of each nation to defend itself singly or collectively, in conformity with the Charter of the United Nations. 6) Abstention from the use of arrangements of collective defence to the particular interests of the big powers. b) Abstention by any country from exerting pressures on other countries. 7) Refraining from acts or threats of aggression or the use of force against territorial integrity or political independence of any country. 8) Settlement of all international disputes by peaceful means, in conformity with the Charter of the United Nations. 9) Promotion of mutual interest and cooperation. 10) Respect for justice and international obligations.  1, record 34, English, - Bandung%20Principles

Record 34,  Textual support,  French

Record 34,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 35,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Middle-range theory consists of three fundamental assumptions that archaeologists must use to reconstruct the dynamic behaviors of the past from the static objects found in the archaeological record : 1) Once the components of the archaeological record ceased to be affected by the cultural system that created them, a static condition was achieved that has since been affected by natural processes and cultural behaviors unrelated to the initial formation of the record. 2) The archaeological record is a static phenomenon that exists only in the present. At any other moment in time, the actual manifestation of this record may be different than what you see right now. 3) To reconstruct the past dynamic behaviors, we must understand the relationship between the static record and the behaviors that created it. Middle range-research intends to address these assumptions by examining the factors that create and influence the relationship between the archaeological record and the original dynamic behaviors. As discussed in class, this research includes ethnographic analogy, ethnoarchaeology, and experimental archaeology.  1, record 35, English, - middle%2Drange%20theory

Record 35,  Textual support,  French

Record 35,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 36,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Mirror symmetry, that is, invariance against "flipping sides", is perhaps the most widely noticed symmetry. Nature built many of her organisms in nearly symmetric ways, and most fundamental laws of physics, such as Newton's law of gravitation, have an exact mirror symmetry : there is no difference between left and right in the attraction of heavenly(and most earthbound) bodies. However, the nonconservation of parity in radioactive decay-that is, the violation of point symmetry in the "weak" interactions-has finally taught even the physicists to take the distinction between right and left seriously.  2, record 36, English, - mirror%20symmetry

Record 36,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[...] symétrie signifiant que le corps est divisé en deux parties, chacune image de l'autre dans un miroir. C'est la notion courante de symétrie bilatérale.  2, record 36, French, - sym%C3%A9trie%20bilat%C3%A9rale

Record 36,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 37,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Most writers maintain that States have as one of their fundamental rights the right of self-preservation, that is, a legal right to exist. They claim that the right of self-preservation is a primary, inherent, fundamental right, so fundamental that it takes precedence overall other rights. But there are authorities who deny the validity of this theory.... According to them this right means only that a State is entitled to protect itself and may attempt to maintain its independence. "The truth is, "says Brierly, "that self-preservation is not a legal right but an instinct... "  1, record 37, English, - right%20of%20self%2Dpreservation

Record 37,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Tout État ([...]a le droit d'exister, de se maintenir, de se développer. Ce droit qu'on appelle droit de conservation, est le premier des droits des États.  1, record 37, French, - droit%20de%20conservation

Record 37,  Textual support,  Spanish